DOCSLIB.ORG

Evidence for a Close Phylogenetic Relationship Between the Teleost Orders Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes Based on an Analysis of Soft Anatomy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evidence for a Close Phylogenetic Relationship Between the Teleost Orders Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes Based on an Analysis of Soft Anatomy Evidence for a close phylogenetic relationship between the teleost orders Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes based on an analysis of soft anatomy by Bruno CHANET* (1), Claude GUINTARD (2), Eric BETTI (2), Cyril GALLUT (1), Agnès DETTAÏ (1) & Guillaume LECOINTRE (1) Abstract. – Recent phylogenetic studies based on comparisons of DNA sequences have shown that Lophii- formes (anglerfishes) and Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes and sunfishes) were closely related, whereas no morpho-anatomical work has assessed this point. Dissections of 80 fresh specimens belonging to 49 spe- cies of 29 acanthomorph families, coupled with analyses of the literature indicate the existence of shared soft anatomy characters between Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes. Among acanthomorphs, anglerfishes, puffers, ocean sunfish and triggerfishes are peculiar in possessing: i) a reduced gill opening; ii) rounded and anteriorly disposed kidneys; iii) a compact thyroid included in a blood sinus; iv) an abbreviated spinal cord; v) an asym- metric liver; and vi) clusters of supramedullary neurons in the rostral part of the spinal cord. The sharing of these unusual characteristics by these two groups might be synapomorphies supporting a close relationship between Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes. The present study shows both the importance of comparative anatomy and © SFI the utility of confronting morpho-anatomical and molecular results. Received: 27 Jan. 2013 Accepted: 12 Apr. 2013 Editor: G. Duhamel Résumé. – Des données d’anatomie molle corroborent l’étroite parenté entre Tétraodontiformes et Lophiifor- mes. Des analyses phylogénétiques récentes fondées sur la comparaison de séquences nucléotidiques ont montré Key words que les Lophiiformes (baudroies) et les Tétraodontiformes (poissons-coffres, balistes et poissons-lunes) étaient étroitement apparentés, tandis qu’aucune donnée morpho-anatomique ne l’attestait. La dissection de 80 spé- Lophiiformes cimens frais appartenant à 49 espèces de 29 familles d’acanthomorphes, associée à l’analyse de la littérature Tetraodontiformes montre la présence de caractères partagés touchant l’anatomie des organes mous entre les Lophiiformes et les Phylogeny Tétraodontiformes. Au sein des acanthomorphes, les baudroies, poissons-coffres, balistes et poissons-lunes sont Soft anatomy particuliers en possédant : i) une ouverture branchiale réduite ; ii) des reins arrondis et situés antérieurement dans la cavité abdominale ; iii) une thyroïde compacte incluse dans un sinus veineux ; iv) une moelle épinière courte ; v) un foie asymétrique ; et vi) des groupes de neurones supramédullaires dans la région rostrale de la moelle épi- nière. Le partage de ces caractères singuliers par ces groupes constitue un indice de synapomorphies probables, soutenant l’étroite parenté entre Lophiiformes et Tétraodontiformes. La présente étude montre à la fois l’impor- tance de l’anatomie comparée et l’intérêt d’associer et confronter les résultats des travaux morpho-anatomiques et moléculaires. Until recently, Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes were tiform species were viewed as distinctive orders that were regarded as distinct and not closely related orders of acantho- only distantly related to one another within the acantho- morph fishes (Lecointre, 1994; Nelson, 2006). The Lophii- morph teleosteans (Lecointre, 1994; Nelson, 2006). Lophii- formes (anglerfishes such as goosefishes, frogfishes and sea formes and Tetraodontiformes were sometimes listed in close toads) comprise 313 species in 66 genera, in which the first proximity (just before or after) to one another in taxonomic dorsal fin spines are modified as a luring apparatus, while arrangements (Gill, 1893; Jordan and Evermann, 1900; the 101 genera and 357 species that comprise the Tetraodon- Boulenger, 1904; Jordan, 1920, 1923; Berg, 1940), but such tiformes are as diverse as triggerfishes, boxfishes, puffers placements were only poorly, if at all, supported by charac- and ocean sunfishes (Nelson, 2006). Recently, some tetrao- ters and did not correspond to a documented hypothesis of dontiform species have become the subject of many biologi- relationships. Nevertheless, the anatomy of these fishes has cal studies both for their toxicity and their compact genome been rarely compared. Rosen (1973) recognised two clades (Aparicio et al., 2002; Jaillon et al., 2004). On the basis of within the acanthomorphs: the Acanthopterygii, including their respective peculiar anatomy, lophiiform and tetraodon- the Tetraodontiformes, and the Paracanthopterygii, contain- (1) Équipe “Phylogénie”, UMR 7138 CNRS-IRD-MNHN-UPMC, Département systématique et évolution, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CP 26, 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France. [[email protected]] [[email protected]] [[email protected]] (2) Laboratoire d’anatomie comparée, ONIRIS - École nationale vétérinaire de l’agroalimentaire et de l’alimentation, Nantes Atlantique, Route de Gachet, BP 40 706, 44307 Nantes CEDEX 03, France. [[email protected]] [[email protected]] * Corresponding author [[email protected]] Cybium 2013, 37(3): 179-198. Evidence for Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes relationships CHANET ET AL . ing the Lophiiformes with the Gadiformes, Batrachoidi- formes, Percopsiformes, and Ophidiformes. Even if the sta- tus of these two clades has been questioned and reconsid- ered by several authors (Stiassny, 1986; Stiassny and Moore, 1992; Johnson and Patterson, 1993), Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes were still viewed as two distinctive and only distantly related orders (Lauder and Liem, 1983; Johnson and Patterson, 1993; Nelson, 2006), defined on osteological autapomorphies (Tyler, 1980; Pietsch, 1981, 1984, 2009; Pie- tsch and Grobecker, 1987). The absence of some bones, like ribs or nasals (Pietsch, 1981) could be viewed as synapomor- phies of Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes, but the occur- rences these absences have to be accurately examined. Miya et al. (2003) analysed the complete sequence of mitochon- drial DNA for 100 higher teleostean species. Their results Figure 1. - Phylogenetic position of Tetraodontiformes and Lophii- showed that Tetraodontiformes and Lophiiformes are two formes (modified from Li (2008); note that in Dettaï and Lecointre monophyletic and closely related groups: anglerfishes appear (2008) tetraodontiforms and lophiiforms are sister-groups). Draw- ings from F. Dejouannet. 1: Angler (Lophius piscatorius, Lophii- as a sister group of a clade comprising two tetraodontiform formes, Lophiidae); 2: Puffer (Tetraodon sp., Tetraodontiformes, species and one caproid, Antigonia capros Lowe, 1843. The Tetraodontidae); 3: Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola, Tetraodontiformes, same relationships for these groups are present in Miya et al. Molidae); 4: Boarfish (Capros aper, Caproidae); 5: Porgy (Sparus sp., Sparidae); 6: Perch (Perca sp., Percidae). (2005), in which the complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA were studied for 102 higher teleostean species. Det- taï and Lecointre (2004) did not find this same close rela- dontiformes and thus did not challenge or corroborate a close tionship between Lophiiformes and Tetraodontidae in their relationship between them. In the other study of Smith and search of notothenioid relatives on the basis of 3525 nuclear Wheeler (2006), the Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes and mitochondrial characters. Dettaï and Lecointre (2005) did not appear closely related on the basis of the analysis of analysed the sequences (678 + 527 base pairs) of exons of five gene regions (nuclear and mitochondrial). But this result the MLL (Mixed Lineage Leukaemia-like) gene sequences is quite unique, while 15 different studies (Miya et al., 2003, for ribosomal 28S, rhodopsin gene, mitochondrial 12S and 2005; Dettaï and Lecointre, 2004, 2005, 2008; Yamanoue et 16S in 63 acanthomorph species. In this work, Lophiiformes al., 2007; Mabuchi et al., 2007; Holcroft and Wiley, 2008; and Tetraodontiformes were nested in the same clade, called Li, 2008; Santini et al., 2009; Yagishita et al., 2009; Mat- N by these authors, along with Caproidae, Elassomatidae, schiner et al., 2011; Meynard et al., 2012; Near et al., 2012; Acanthuridae, Siganidae, Pomacanthidae, Drepanidae and Wainwright et al., 2012) conducted by different teams on Chaetodontidae. While studying the sequences of the gene various genes (17 nuclear genes and 36 mitochondrial genes) for the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) in corroborate a close relationship between Lophiiformes and 92 acanthomorph species, Dettaï and Lecointre (2008) found Tetraodontiformes. again this clade. Yamanoue et al. (2007) studied 44 whole Many studies of the skeletal anatomy of these two mitochondrial genomes of acanthomorph species to try to orders have not yet revealed any shared derived characters identify the phylogenetic position of tetraodontiform fishes. that would unite them (Tyler, 1968; Tyler, 1980; Pietsch, This group appeared as monophyletic and placed as a sister- 1981, 2009; Matsuura and Yoneda, 1987; Pietsch and Orr, group of either Lophiiformes plus Caproidae or Caproidae 2007; among many others). The species of each of these alone. Li (2008) analysed the sequences for four nuclear groups are considered as highly derived among euteleostean genes (Rhodopsine, MLL4, IRBP and RNF213) in 200 acan- fishes, with many specializations, skeleton modifications thomorph species; Clade N was redefined and restricted, and autapomorphies, which present difficulties in making and Lophiiformes and Tetraodontiformes
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fish Characteristics
    FISH CHARACTERISTICS There are approximately 25,000 different species of fish. A fish is an animal with a backbone (a vertebrate) that is adapted to live in water. Fishes use gills to breathe, and most fishes have scales covering their skin. Scales serve as a form of protection. Fishes are also cold-blooded, which means that their body temperature is regulated by the temperature of the surrounding water. Bony fishes inhabit almost every body of water, from tropical, polar, and temperate seas, to freshwater and brackish environments. Scientists discover about 200-300 new fish species every year. Believe it or not, there are more fishes on our planet than birds or mammals. Dorsal (back) fin Do you enjoy gymnastics? Have you ever watched a gymnast on the balance beam? They need to stay Caudal (tail) fin nice and steady, placing one foot Pectoral (side) fin gently over the next, to stay steady Have you ever helped your Have you ever pretended and straight. The dorsal fin helps a mom or dad check the oil in the you were a race car driver, fish to swim steady and provides family car? You need to check zooming down the track? balance in the water. the engine because the engine You speed through the helps the car to move fast - it straight-a-way and then turn gives the car speed and power! the steering wheel quickly In most fish, the caudal fin when you reach the curve to provides the speed and power go left or right. The pectoral for swimming, just like a car fin is just like a steering engine.
    [Show full text]
  • 500 Natural Sciences and Mathematics
    500 500 Natural sciences and mathematics Natural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects and processes observable in nature Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject, plus notation 01 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.1 For government policy on science, see 338.9; for applied sciences, see 600 See Manual at 231.7 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.9 vs. 352.7, 500; also at 500 vs. 001 SUMMARY 500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people] 501–509 Standard subdivisions and natural history 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy and allied sciences 530 Physics 540 Chemistry and allied sciences 550 Earth sciences 560 Paleontology 570 Biology 580 Plants 590 Animals .2 Physical sciences For astronomy and allied sciences, see 520; for physics, see 530; for chemistry and allied sciences, see 540; for earth sciences, see 550 .5 Space sciences For astronomy, see 520; for earth sciences in other worlds, see 550. For space sciences aspects of a specific subject, see the subject, plus notation 091 from Table 1, e.g., chemical reactions in space 541.390919 See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 .8 Groups of people Add to base number 500.8 the numbers following —08 in notation 081–089 from Table 1, e.g., women in science 500.82 501 Philosophy and theory Class scientific method as a general research technique in 001.4; class scientific method applied in the natural sciences in 507.2 502 Miscellany 577 502 Dewey Decimal Classification 502 .8 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials Including microscopy; microscopes; interdisciplinary works on microscopy Class stereology with compound microscopes, stereology with electron microscopes in 502; class interdisciplinary works on photomicrography in 778.3 For manufacture of microscopes, see 681.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus of Miniature Cynolebiasine from the Atlantic
    64 (1): 23 – 33 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2014. 16.5.2014 A new genus of miniature cynolebiasine from the Atlantic Forest and alternative biogeographical explanations for seasonal killifish distribution patterns in South America (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) Wilson J. E. M. Costa Laboratório de Sistemática e Evolução de Peixes Teleósteos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68049, CEP 21944 – 970, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; wcosta(at)acd.ufrj.br Accepted 21.ii.2014. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/vertebrate-zoology on 30.iv.2014. Abstract The analysis of 78 morphological characters for 16 species representing all the lineages of the tribe Cynopoecilini and three out-groups, indicates that the incertae sedis miniature species ‘Leptolebias’ leitaoi Cruz & Peixoto is the sister group of a clade comprising the genera Leptolebias, Campellolebias, and Cynopoecilus, consequently recognised as the only member of a new genus. Mucurilebias gen. nov. is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies: eye occupying great part of head side, low number of caudal-fin rays (21), distal portion of epural much broader than distal portion of parhypural, an oblique red bar through opercle in both sexes, isthmus bright red in males, a white stripe on the distal margin of the dorsal fin in males, and a red stripe on the distal margin of the anal fin in males.Mucurilebias leitaoi is an endangered seasonal species endemic to the Mucuri river basin. The biogeographical analysis of genera of the subfamily Cynolebiasinae using a dispersal-vicariance, event-based parsimony approach indicates that distribution of South American killifishes may be broadly shaped by dispersal events.
    [Show full text]
  • East Coast of North America Groundfish: Initial Explorations of Biogeography and Species Assemblages
    East Coast of North America Strategic Assessment Project Partitioning the Total Mortality DFO r~I'j~ffm~niii~rlieqUe 10020258 of Atlantic Cod Stocks Project East Coast of North America Groundfish: Initial Explorations of Biogeography and Species Assemblages o Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA SH 213.5 August 1996 .E17 1996 c.2 About the East Coast of North America Strategic Assessment Project The East Coast of North America Strategic Assessment Project (ECNASAP) was initiated in the USA by NOAA's Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) Division to develop information and analytical resources for sup­ porting integrated management of large portions of the region's coastal ocean. The ECNASAP Pilot Project consists of inshore and offshore case studies, and is a cooperative effort among several U.S. and Canadian agencies. Digital map and data products are being developed in the Offshore Case Study for groundfish, seabirds, temperature, salinity, and sediments. This report summarizes the initial results for the groundfish component. About Partitioning the Total Mortality of Atlantic Cod Stocks Project In 1995, Canada's Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) initiated a series of research projects to address high priority issues for the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Cod Mortality Project is a component of this effort; its objective is to assess the main causes for the decline of cod resources since the mid-1980s. A subproject is to examine long-term changes in groundfish assemblages on a biogeographic scale, and to determine whether or not these changes coincided with changes in ocean climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Activities of Two Euryhaline Small-Sized Fish in a Western Baltic Brackish Fjord
    HELGOL.~NDER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgolander Meeresunters. 45,287-300 (1991) Feeding activities of two euryhaline small-sized fish in a western Baltic brackish fjord Birgit Antholz, Wolfgang Meyer-Antholz & C. Dieter Zander Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universit~t Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-W-2000 Hamburg 13, Federal Repubfic of Germany ABSTRACT: The daily food intake and feeding activities of the common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer) and the nine-spined stickleback Pungitius pungitius (L.) were investigated in the brackish Schlei fjord. At the investigation site of Olpenitz, salinities varied between 11 and 15 %o, and water temperatures between 5 and 18 ~ during the period of in-situ experiments in 1981 and 1982. Common gobies sometimes attained a density of more than 100 individuals per square metre, nine-spined sticklebacks as much as 18 individuals per square meter. Their food changed depend- ing on the supply of plankton or benthos. Regarding numbers, their food consisted mainly of harpacticoids, in springtimes of calanoids; with regard to weight, amphipods, polychaetes or chironomid larvae often prevailed. The total food ingestion, measured by means of its relation to fish weights (fullness index), was highest in spring and summer: 2.3 % in P. microps and 2.6 % in P. pungitius. Low fullness indices of 0.8 % in P. microps and 0.3 % in P. pungitius were found during times of low water temperatures. 24-h field investigations revealed that the adult P. microps presented clear diurnal rhythms with highest fullness indices after dawn and a further maximum at dusk. Only young gobies ingested some benthos at night.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    INTRODUCTION In nearly every body of water around the world, the most abundant vertebrate is a fi sh. From the deepest parts of the ocean to high alpine streams, fi shes live and reproduce, sometimes in places where no other vertebrates can survive. Whether peering out from a submarine while conducting deep-sea research, or stopping for a drink of water during a hike in the mountains, explorers, scientists, and naturalists fi nd fi shes. With well over 30,000 species, fi shes account for more than half of the total extant vertebrate diversity on Earth— in other words, there are more living species of fi shes than of amphibians, turtles, lizards, birds, and mammals combined. Not only are fi shes diverse in number of their species, but they are diverse in the habitats in which they live, the foods that they eat, the ways in which they reproduce, communicate, and interact with their environment, and the behaviors that they exhibit. Fishes can also be extremely abundant: the most abundant vertebrates on the planet are the small bristlemouth fi shes (Gonostomatidae) that are common throughout the vast open ocean. In some cases abundant fi shes such as cods, tunas, salmons, herrings, and anchovies support massive fi sheries that feed hundreds of millions of people. By supporting coastal communities and societies, these fi sheries (and the fi shes they target) have helped shape human history, becoming the foundation for coastal economies and an engine for global exploration and expansion. WHAT IS A FISH? Humans use the term “fi sh” to refer to several groups of vertebrates that do not have a clear set of diagnostic characteristics unique to them.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterministic Shifts in Molecular Evolution Correlate with Convergence to Annualism in Killifishes
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.09.455723; this version posted August 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Deterministic shifts in molecular evolution correlate with convergence to annualism in killifishes Andrew W. Thompson1,2, Amanda C. Black3, Yu Huang4,5,6 Qiong Shi4,5 Andrew I. Furness7, Ingo, Braasch1,2, Federico G. Hoffmann3, and Guillermo Ortí6 1Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, USA. 2Ecology, Evolution & Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. 3Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, & Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA. 4Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Marine, Shenzhen 518083, China. 5BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China. 6Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA. 7Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, UK. Corresponding author: Andrew W. Thompson, [email protected] bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.09.455723; this version posted August 10, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract: The repeated evolution of novel life histories correlating with ecological variables offer opportunities to test scenarios of convergence and determinism in genetic, developmental, and metabolic features. Here we leverage the diversity of aplocheiloid killifishes, a clade of teleost fishes that contains over 750 species on three continents.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Overview, Including Mixed-Fisheries Considerations
    ICES Fisheries Overviews Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion Published 30 November 2020 Version 2: 3 December 2020 6.2 Bay of Biscay and Iberian Coast ecoregion – Fisheries overview, including mixed-fisheries considerations Table of contents Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Definition of the ecoregion ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Mixed-fisheries considerations Bay of Biscay .......................................................................................................................... 2 Mixed-fisheries considerations Iberian waters ...................................................................................................................... 10 Who is fishing ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Catches over time .................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Description of the fisheries .................................................................................................................................................... 23 Fisheries management measures .........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Deep-Sea Anglerfishes Share a Genetically Reduced Luminous
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Diverse deep-sea anglerfishes share a genetically reduced luminous symbiont that is acquired from the environment Lydia J Baker1*, Lindsay L Freed2, Cole G Easson2,3, Jose V Lopez2, Dante´ Fenolio4, Tracey T Sutton2, Spencer V Nyholm5, Tory A Hendry1* 1Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, United States; 2Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States; 3Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, United States; 4Center for Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo, San Antonio, United States; 5Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States Abstract Deep-sea anglerfishes are relatively abundant and diverse, but their luminescent bacterial symbionts remain enigmatic. The genomes of two symbiont species have qualities common to vertically transmitted, host-dependent bacteria. However, a number of traits suggest that these symbionts may be environmentally acquired. To determine how anglerfish symbionts are transmitted, we analyzed bacteria-host codivergence across six diverse anglerfish genera. Most of the anglerfish species surveyed shared a common species of symbiont. Only one other symbiont species was found, which had a specific relationship with one anglerfish species, Cryptopsaras couesii. Host and symbiont phylogenies lacked congruence, and there was no statistical support for codivergence broadly. We also recovered symbiont-specific gene sequences from water collected near hosts, suggesting environmental persistence of symbionts. Based on these results we conclude that diverse anglerfishes share symbionts that are acquired from the environment, and *For correspondence: that these bacteria have undergone extreme genome reduction although they are not vertically [email protected] (LJB); transmitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Review: the Energetic Value of Zooplankton and Nekton Species of the Southern Ocean
    Marine Biology (2018) 165:129 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3386-z REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND SYNTHESIS Review: the energetic value of zooplankton and nekton species of the Southern Ocean Fokje L. Schaafsma1 · Yves Cherel2 · Hauke Flores3 · Jan Andries van Franeker1 · Mary‑Anne Lea4 · Ben Raymond5,4,6 · Anton P. van de Putte7 Received: 8 March 2018 / Accepted: 5 July 2018 / Published online: 18 July 2018 © The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Understanding the energy fux through food webs is important for estimating the capacity of marine ecosystems to support stocks of living resources. The energy density of species involved in trophic energy transfer has been measured in a large number of small studies, scattered over a 40-year publication record. Here, we reviewed energy density records of Southern Ocean zooplankton, nekton and several benthic taxa, including previously unpublished data. Comparing measured taxa, energy densities were highest in myctophid fshes (ranging from 17.1 to 39.3 kJ g−1 DW), intermediate in crustaceans (7.1 to 25.3 kJ g−1 DW), squid (16.2 to 24.0 kJ g−1 DW) and other fsh families (14.8 to 29.9 kJ g−1 DW), and lowest in jelly fsh (10.8 to 18.0 kJ g−1 DW), polychaetes (9.2 to 14.2 kJ g−1 DW) and chaetognaths (5.0–11.7 kJ g−1 DW). Data reveals diferences in energy density within and between species related to size, age and other life cycle parameters. Important taxa in Antarctic food webs, such as copepods, squid and small euphausiids, remain under-sampled.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptive Evolution of Low Salinity Tolerance and Hypoosmotic Regulation in a Euryhaline Teleost, Takifugu Obscurus
    Adaptive evolution of low salinity tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation in a euryhaline teleost, Takifugu obscurus Hanyuan Zhang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Fengtai, Beijing, China Jilun Hou Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China Haijin Liu Breeding Laboratory, Dalian Tianzheng Industry Co. Ltd., Dalian, Liaoning, China Haoyong Zhu Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China Gangchun Xu Freshwater Fisheries Research Centre of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China Jian Xu ( [email protected] ) Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-4268 Research article Keywords: Takifugu, low salt-tolerance, hypoosmotic regulation, population genomics, genome re- sequencing Posted Date: October 30th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.16620/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Marine Biology on June 3rd, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03705-x. Page 1/20 Abstract Background The mechanism of osmoregulation is crucial for maintaining growth, development, and life activities in teleosts. Takifugu obscurus, the only euryhaline species in the genus Takifugu, is a proper model organism for studying the mechanism of low salt-tolerance and hypoosmotic regulation. Results In this study, whole genome sequencing data were obtained from 90 puffersh representing ve species within this genus, T. rubripes, T. obscurus, T.
    [Show full text]
  • Reef Fishes of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West
    Check List 5(3): 587–628, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Reef fishes of the Bird’s Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia Gerald R. Allen 1 Mark V. Erdmann 2 1 Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum. Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Perth, Western Australia 6986. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Conservation International Indonesia Marine Program. Jl. Dr. Muwardi No. 17, Renon, Denpasar 80235 Indonesia. Abstract A checklist of shallow (to 60 m depth) reef fishes is provided for the Bird’s Head Peninsula region of West Papua, Indonesia. The area, which occupies the extreme western end of New Guinea, contains the world’s most diverse assemblage of coral reef fishes. The current checklist, which includes both historical records and recent survey results, includes 1,511 species in 451 genera and 111 families. Respective species totals for the three main coral reef areas – Raja Ampat Islands, Fakfak-Kaimana coast, and Cenderawasih Bay – are 1320, 995, and 877. In addition to its extraordinary species diversity, the region exhibits a remarkable level of endemism considering its relatively small area. A total of 26 species in 14 families are currently considered to be confined to the region. Introduction and finally a complex geologic past highlighted The region consisting of eastern Indonesia, East by shifting island arcs, oceanic plate collisions, Timor, Sabah, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and widely fluctuating sea levels (Polhemus and the Solomon Islands is the global centre of 2007). reef fish diversity (Allen 2008). Approximately 2,460 species or 60 percent of the entire reef fish The Bird’s Head Peninsula and surrounding fauna of the Indo-West Pacific inhabits this waters has attracted the attention of naturalists and region, which is commonly referred to as the scientists ever since it was first visited by Coral Triangle (CT).
    [Show full text]