OFFICE OF THE DISTRICT STATISTICAL OFFICE SIVAGANGAI-630 562 PREFACE This handbook is the 30 th in the series, presents detailed data and important information at District level and Block level in the form of 185 tables. This handbook seeks to throw light on the development activities in the district. The information presented in this handbook has been collected from various Government Offices, local bodies, Public sector undertakings etc., in the district. A brief note under the caption, Salient Features of the district as well as Block at a Glance together with the 185 Tables presented by the Department of Economics and Statistics given in a nutshell with the significant socio -economic aspects of the district. Due care has been taken to incorporate as much relevant and available information about the district. I take this opportunity to express my heart-felt thanks to The District Collector and all officers of other Departments in this district who readily helped me in furnishing the required data within the prescribed time limit. I also wish to record my appreciation for the sincere efforts taken by all Block Statistical Inspectors and Divisional Assistant Director of Statistics of this district in collecting the required information from various sources and I heartily thank them for preparing this year District Statistical Hand Book. I hope this handbook will be of much use to Government, Planners and Research Scholars. Comments and suggestions for further improvement of this book are welcome from the users of this book. Station: Sivagangai Deputy Director of Statistics Date : -12-2016 Sivagangai District SALIENT FEATURES OF THE DISTRICT HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE SIVAGANGA DISTRICT Sivaganga District was a part of old Ramanathapuram District. The old Ramanathapuram District played a dominant role in the history of South India. In the early centuries, Ramanathapuram District formed part of Pandian Kingdom till the end of the 15 th Century. After the fall of Nayaks, two of the Polygars viz Sethupathy of Ramanathapuram and Rajas of Sivaganga became prominent rulers of this part. Towards the middle of 18 th Century the Europeans namely French, British entered into this part. The Sethupathy of Ramanathapram lost his personal freedom and the British took control of the administration of Ramanathapuram in 1795. It was converted into a Zamindari in 1803 and Mangaleswari Natchiar became the first zamindar. During this period, the Raja of Sivaganga also revolted against the British. The famous Maruthu Brothers, Periya Marudhu and Chinna Marudhu assisted the Raja of Sivaganga in the revolts against the British. After the death of the Raja of Sivaganga (Muthu Vaduganadhar), the queen passed on the sovereignty to Marudhu Brothers, who ruled Sivaganga peacefully and devoted on payment of regular revenue to the East India Company in 1801. The Marudhu Brothers of Sivaganga revolted against the British in collaboration with Kattabomman of Panchalankurichi. However, the two brothers were captured by the British and were hanged at Thirupattur on 1.10.1801. The British installed Gowri Vallabh Periya Udayar as Zamindar of Sivaganga. Finally in 1895, a British Collector was appointed to administer the territory of Ramanathapuram district by carving out portions from Madurai and Tirunelveli Districts and Madurai as the Head Quarters of this district till 1985, when it was trifurcated. Perhaps, the old Ramanathapuram district was the biggest district in Tamil Nadu. Pasumpon Muthuramalingam District came into existence on 15.3.1985, as a consequent of the trifurcation of Ramanathapuram District. This District is a backward region from the point of view of Agriculture, Industry and general Economic conditions of the people, mainly due to the feudalistic and rural background of the area. Several parts of this district were frequently hit by drought. The district comprises of eight taluks namely, 1. Sivaganga 2. Manamadurai 3. Ilayangudi 4. Devakottai 5. Karaikudi 6. Thiruppathur 7. Thirupuvanam and 8. Kalaiyarkovil This district is bounded on the north by Tiruchi and Pudukottai districts, on the east and south by Ramanathapuram district and on the west by Virudhunagar district. In September 1997 the Government of Tamil Nadu changed the name of the district as Sivaganga District. PHYSICAL FEATURES ; This district is covering an extent of 4189 sq.km, and consists of 521 revenue villages. The soil, Red sandy soil is generally found in most parts of the district which is not congenial for agricultural purposes. As this district is lacking forest, wealth, mineral resources, and transport facilities etc., Industrial growth is not appreciable. The headquarters of this district viz. Sivaganga and the adjacent Kalayarkoil village are noted for their historical importance, in as much as this area was ruled by the famous Marudhu Brothers, who were also the martyrs of independence in early 19 th century. Places like Kalayarkoil, Pillaiyarpatti, Kollangudi, Thirukoshtiyur, Thiruppuvanam are popular religious centres. Since the shrines in these places finds place in the songs of Alwars and Nayanmaas (3 out of 63 Nayanmars lived in this District. They were Marunaseraiyanar, Mummoorthi Nayanar and Maran Nayanar). Recently the Archeological suvery of India has unearthed the presence of a prehistoric site near Keezhadi village of Tiruppuvanam taluk, dating back to 6 th century BC Excavations reveals the presence of an ancient settlement. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL; This district is frequently hit by drought. Hot and dry weather prevails for about 9 months in a year. During this year this district experienced 368.2mm of rainfall as against 301 mm (normal rainfall) in the South West Monsoon, 460.2mm of rainfall against 422.7mm (normal rainfall) in the North East Monsoon, No rainfall against 17.9 mm (normal rainfall) in the Winter Season and 171.7 mm against 121.2 mm (normal rainfall) in the Summer Season. This rain helped the agriculturists to show self-sufficiency in the production of cereals, particularly paddy, ragi, cholam and chillies. POPULATION AND DENSITY : According to 2011 census, the total population of this district is 1339101 comprising 668371 males and 670730 females. This district is one among the five districts in the state having female predominance over male population. The density of population was 320 persons per sq.km. The sex ratio for this district works out to the 1003 females for 1000 males and nearly 69% of the total population lives in rural areas. PUBLIC HEALTH & PRIVATE MEDICAL CARE : There are 47 Primary Health Centers, 275 Sub-Centres 21 Siddha centres, 2 Homeopathy Centres, 2 Ayurvedhic Centre, one TB Sanatorium and one Government Hospital in this district. IRRIGATION : This district is not blessed with perennial source of river water supply; the rain fed tanks are the main source of Irrigation. There are about 678 major tanks and 4288 Minor tanks in this district. Next to tanks, about 14727 wells are used for irrigation. AGRICULTURE: The gross area under cultivation during the year was 98080 Hectares. Net area cultivated is 97955 Hectares and cropping intensity is 100%. Paddy was the main crop cultivated in the district. Millets, Groundnut and Sugarcane were also cultivated during the year to a considerable extent. INDUSTRIES : Tamil Nadu Chemical Industries at Karaikudi, Central Electro Chemical Research Institute at Karaikudi, Sakthi Sugar Factory at Padamathur, M.M. Forgings Ltd and Tamilnadu Gears and Softs at Singampunari are the major industries in this district. Graphite is the only major mineral that is being mined by M/s Tamil Nadu Mineral Limited (TAMIN). This district also noted for handloom industry and manufacturing of stainless steel at Karaikudi and Manamadurai centre, Bricks, Brick tiles and Pot making centres at Manamadurai and Thiruppuvanam area and Coir Manufacture industries (Handmade) is providing larger employment to the rural and urban women in the Singampunari and S. Pudur Blocks . CO-OPERATION: There is one Central Co-operative Bank with a membership of 358 persons. There are 124 Primary Agricultural Co-operative Banks with membership of 350341 persons, Employee Co-operative Societies –56 with membership of 16870, Primary and Students Co-operative Stores -7 with membership of 8443 and other Co-operative Societies in the district. Further there is a Dairy Farm, which produces milk, Ghee, Buttery and Pasteurized Milk. There are 291 Co-operative Milk Societies in the district. GENERAL: This district is having 18316 hectares of land as cultivable waste and 122587 hectares as fallow lands for the year 2015-16. 1. AREA AND POPULATION 1.1 Area, Population, Literates, SC’s, ST’s – Sex wise by Blocks Population Literate Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Name of the Area Sl. Blocks (sq.k no m) Fe- male male Male Male Male Male Male Male Persons Persons Female Female Female Female Persons Persons Persons Persons (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) 1 Sivaganga 446.6 158510 79306 79204 116229 63454 52775 21073 10576 10497 41 20 21 2 Kalayar koil 582.6 113318 55395 57923 81030 44334 36696 21969 10836 11133 22 10 12 3 Manamadurai 349.4 104183 52086 52097 72782 40490 32292 23896 11966 11930 48 24 24 4 Thiruppuvanam 327.3 118411 59962 58449 83796 47335 36461 25991 13039 12952 192 89 103 5 Ilayankudi 444.6 111447 55075 56372 78124 43356 34768 25104 12468 12636 3 2 1 6 Devakottai 339.9 127902 64619 63283 93932 51479 42453 21987 11369 11151 270 139 131 7 Kannangudi 221.6 29764 15016 14748 22733 12921 9812 11704 5908 5796 12 6 6 8 Sakkottai 352.3 248390 123913 124477 190020 100815 89205 28863 14233 14630 176 90 86 9 Kallal 401.1 88117 43327 44790 62382 33966 28416 14071 6879 7192 15 7 8 10 Thiruppathur 339.9 112774 56454 56320 80540 44176 36364 16669 8445 8224 20 8 12 11 Singampunari 226.0 78834 39575 39259 54874 30524 24350 10900 5349 5551 1 0 1 12 S.Pudur 160.2 47451 23937 23514 29340 17116 12224 8429 4250 4179 4 3 1 Total 1339101 668665 670436 965782 529966 435816 230656 115318 115871 804 398 406 SOURCE: CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 1.2 Population by Broad Industrial Categories of Workers District Tamil Nadu Sl.