Ok, Ladies, Now Let's Get Information: Recognizing Moments of Rhetorical Identification in Beyonce's Digital Activism

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Ok, Ladies, Now Let's Get Information: Recognizing Moments of Rhetorical Identification in Beyonce's Digital Activism University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Ok, Ladies, Now Let's Get Information: Recognizing Moments of Rhetorical Identification in Beyonce's Digital Activism Garrett Arban University of Central Florida Part of the Rhetoric and Composition Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Arban, Garrett, "Ok, Ladies, Now Let's Get Information: Recognizing Moments of Rhetorical Identification in Beyonce's Digital Activism" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5438. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5438 OK, LADIES, NOW LET’S GET INFORMATION: RECOGNIZING MOMENTS OF RHETORICAL IDENTIFICATION IN BEYONCÉ’S DIGITAL ACTIVISM by GARRETT ARBAN B.A. University of North Florida, 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Writing & Rhetoric in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2017 Major Professor: Natasha Jones © 2017 Garrett Arban ii ABSTRACT This research seeks to understand how activists are encouraging audiences to identify with their work in digital spaces through a case study of Beyoncé’s activism. The current scholarship surrounding digital activism is extensive and has offered a detailed look at individual tools used in activist movements, but there is a lack of research that recognizes the complex network of tools that are often used by an activist or activist group. To address this gap in the research, this thesis offers an analysis of three specific activist tools used by Beyoncé to encourage her fans and other audiences to identify with and participate in her activism. This study investigates the methods Beyoncé employs to get her multiple audiences informed and engaged through an analysis of her activist blog, the “Formation” music video, and her live performance during the 2016 Super Bowl halftime show. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to assess, from a rhetorical standpoint, how Beyoncé is inviting her audiences to respond and become engaged. The analysis of these three activist tools utilizes qualitative data analysis, focusing on Burke’s (1969) concept of rhetorical identification to understand how her activist messages are presented across mediums. To expand on the findings of this analysis, a reception study on Beyoncé’s “Formation” music video and 2016 Super Bowl performance was conducted to gauge the success of her rhetorical methods. The findings of this study recognize the need to continue looking at the multiple tools used by activists to understand the complexity of their rhetorical work online. This study also provides methods for analyzing the intertextual nature of digital activism so that further research can be done. While this study begins to address the gap in the iii current scholarship, more research needs to be done to study the current rhetorical practices of digital activists. iv To Beyoncé Knowles-Carter, for providing the motivation for this thesis, and for her dedication to promoting equality. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to my committee for your thoughtful insight and guidance throughout the creation and implementation of this study. Thank you to my cohort for your encouraging, and for pushing me to conduct meaningful research. None of this would have been possible without your constant support. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .................................................................. 6 Theoretical Lens: Identification ................................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 19 Research Site ............................................................................................................................. 19 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................... 21 Blog Posts ............................................................................................................................. 22 “Formation” Music Video..................................................................................................... 23 Super Bowl Performance and Reception Data...................................................................... 24 Analysis Methods...................................................................................................................... 26 Analysis of #BeyGOOD Blog Posts ..................................................................................... 26 Analysis of “Formation” Music Video ................................................................................. 31 Reception Study .................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER FOUR: AN ANALYSIS OF BEYONCÉ’S #BEYGOOD BLOG ............................ 36 Analysis of the Blog’s Platform ................................................................................................ 36 Analysis of the Blog Posts ........................................................................................................ 40 Intertextuality ........................................................................................................................ 41 Consubstantiality and Identification ..................................................................................... 45 vii Directives and Actions .......................................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER FIVE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE “FORMATION” MUSIC VIDEO ....................... 52 Intertextuality ............................................................................................................................ 53 Consubstantiality and Identification ......................................................................................... 58 Directives and Actions .............................................................................................................. 61 CHAPTER SIX: A RECEPTION STUDY OF BEYONCÉ’S 2016 SUPER BOWL HALFTIME PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................................... 65 Responses from Twitter ............................................................................................................ 66 Responses from News Sources ................................................................................................. 70 Other Responses........................................................................................................................ 72 CHAPTER SEVEN: DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ....... 77 Beyoncé’s Network of Digital Tools ........................................................................................ 77 Circulation in Activist Movements ........................................................................................... 82 Interconnections Between Polysemy and Identification ........................................................... 84 Limitations and Opportunities for Further Research ................................................................ 87 Contributions to the Field ......................................................................................................... 87 LIST OF REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 92 viii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Main Menu for Beyoncé’s Website............................................................................... 37 Figure 2: “Equality NC Works to Prove Y’all Means All” Sample Hyperlinks .......................... 44 Figure 3: “We Are with You Nepal” Sample Hyperlinks............................................................. 45 Figure 4: Martin Luther King, Jr. Newspaper from the "Formation" Music Video ..................... 55 Figure 5: High School Basketball Jersey from the "Formation" Music Video ............................. 56 Figure 6: Edna Karr High School Marching Band from the "Formation" Music Video .............. 57 Figure 7: Child Dancing from the "Formation" Music Video ...................................................... 60 Figure 8: Beyoncé and Dancers from the "Formation" Music Video ........................................... 63 Figure 9: Tweet from Chance the Rapper ..................................................................................... 67 Figure 10: Tweet from Nile Rodgers ............................................................................................ 68 Figure 11: Beyoncé’s Intertextual
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