#86 2000

Inuktitut wk4tg5 scoµZ6 tt6bs?5g6 Inuktitut is a cultural magazine Inuktitut uqalimaagaq titiraqtauvaktuq W6fyoE9li r[Z6gwJu5 wk8i5 serving Canadian Inuit. The views piqqusilirilluni kiggaqtuijumit inunnit vNbusbi5. whm0JbsJ5 wkw5 expressed are not necessarily those Kanatamiutanit. Isumajjutaujut Inuit bW‰4n4f8•8Ω8q5g5. gi3DbsymJ5 of the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada. Tapiriiksakkunniinngaanngittut. ttCZ5, si4√5, Wys/5, x0π5 x7m Submissions of articles, stories, poetry, Tunirrutausimajut titiragat, unikkaat, tt6gZ5 g8zhxtbsK5. xro6hw•5, photographs and drawings are invited. pisiujat, ajjiit amma titiqtugat tunngasu- scoµZ6∫c5b3i6 x7ml n6rtbClw5 For rates paid, subscriptions and atitauvut. Akiliqsuiniit, uqalimaagaq- cspQx3F{n6 sKz: advertising, contact: taaqattarniq ammalu saqqititaugaraluit qaujigiarvissat uvunga:

Inuktitut Magazine Inuktitut Magazine Inuktitut Magazine Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Inuit Tapirisat of Canada Inuit Tapirisat of Canada 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. 510-170 Laurier Ave. W. Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5V5 sçMs5: (613) 238-8181 Phone: (613) 238-8181 Uqaalaut: (613) 238-8181 gxF6g4f5: (613) 234-1991 Fax: (613) 234-1991 Tuaviqtukkut: (613) 234-1991

2 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 Inuktitut #86 2000

wloq5 Table of Contents Ilulingit scoµ6gk5 3 Dear Readers 3 Uqalimaaqtunut 3 x3ÇAw5 k∫ao6gw5 WQx3iq5 5 A New Millennium 5 Arraaguit Nutaanguliqtuit Pigiarningit 5 Îy wc9oJ6 si4√6g6 13 Interview with Rosie Iqallijuq 13 Rosie Iqallijuq Unikkaaqtuq 13 x4I3F4 bw5hmi 28 A Look Back at Aklavik 28 Ak&arvik Taitsumani 28 s9lw5 çq6ymJ5 yKzibw5 34 Days Gone By 34 Ulluit Qaangiqsimajut /w7{ bwXNs2 si4√3iz 42 James Taipana’s Story 42 Sivunganitait 34

„b x[oDw5©2 si4√3iz 46 Peter Agligoetuk’s Story 46 Jaimes Taipanaup Unikkaarninga 42

W8axZ4n5 scsyo5 53 Word Games 53 Peter Agligoetuup Unikkaarninga 46 scoµZ4n6 si4√6bsJ6 59 Book Review 59 Pinnguagaksat Uqausilit 53 s/Cw5 xsµ˙5 67 Burning Stones 67 Uqalimaagaksaq Unikkaaqtaujuq 59

ˆ7mgw8N6gu4 iec3li Enough is as Good as a Feast 70 Ujarait Aumaasuut 67 Wsi6nsK6 70 Naammatuinnaqtumik Niqiqarluni Piuniqsauvuq 70

xsM5tp: Publication Co-ordinator: Aulattiji: ÷8 †5g John Cheechoo John Cheechoo ≈6r6hwp: Editor: Aaqqiqsuiji: /i Xi5 John Bennett John Bennett wk4t©1Zo6t5tp: Inuktitut Translation: Inuktituungaliqtittiji: ÷N5 mfC Janet McGrath Janet McGrath swÏt©1Zo6t5tp: French Translation: Uiviitituungaliqtittiji: /vø8 ∑SD Jacqueline April Jacqueline April xuhos6t: Design: Amisuliuqti: ß5lx gn6goEπ5 EarthLore Communications Inc. EarthLore Communications Inc.

86 • 2000ISSN 0705-8527 © wkw5 bW‰4n5 INUKTITUT vNbu @))) © Inuit Tapirisat of Canada, 2000 3 scoµ6gk5

DEAR READERS

UQALIMAAQTUNUT

svo6 wp5yx6 J. Okalik Eegeesiak wk4tA5 iv9l3N6gu4 whm5bwoNh- Our positive outlook has helped us Inuktigut nikallurnaqtumik isumattai- xc5b3i5t8k5 wo5tym5tx6SA5 learn about and accept the chal- linasuaqattarnittinnut ilittisimattiaqpu- w˚i3u4 kNu bEs3ul x7ml lenges of the land and sea and to gut inuunirmik nunami tariurmilu d/o9lb xg6ym/5t8k5 wk9MEsZ5b. be thankful for who we are – Inuit. ammalu qujalilluta atuqsimajattinnut bwmwi5t8k9l W?9oxJ1NMs6SA5 This outlook has also allowed us to inullariugatta. Taimainittinnullu pival- srs5 !()) kao3iq8k5. w˚i5t8i adapt to challenges during the latter liajungnalauqpugut ukiut 1900 nungu- tAuxq8N6ymKA5 x7ml wk4tA5 half of the 20th Century. We have lirninginnut. Inuunittinni tigumian- w˚ctŒ5tx6X4hb — w˚9lb, maintained our identity and unity ginnaqsimavugut ammalu inuktigut kNocctŒ4hb, cb8atŒ4hbl. s9lu as Inuit – as a people, as communi- inuuqatigiittiaqpaksuta – inuulluta, ˙3l5bs6 bw5hmitg5, dFx˙t4nc5- ties and as families. Today, as in all nunaliqaqatigiiksuta, qatanngutigiiksu- tx6SA5 x7ml scoµ6gk5 n6®J- previous times, we have reason to talu. Ullumi suurluttauq taitsumaniti- m9lb wkw5 wo6fyq8i4 xg6ym- celebrate and to bring readers of tut, quviasuutiksaqattiaqpugut ammalu /q8i9l x0pŒ8q5©bs9lt4. Inuktitut Magazine expressions of uqalimaaqtunut saqqiijumalluta inuit bmgmi scoµZoxu dFx˙t4n- Inuit culture and impressions gained iliqqusinginnik atuqsimajanginnillu c6SA5 wk4tA5 xbsysi5t8i, sc- from our diverse experiences. ajjigiinngittuutaullutik. oµZ4ncC5b wkFxl7usbi5, kN- In this issue we celebrate our unity Ta matumani uqalimaagaliami quvia- K7u5, kNF1u5 x7ml ˜SCgxEu5. by presenting articles from the suutiksaqaqpugut inuktigut atausiunit- wkFx¬J6 ∫8N usE √X8g ttC6- Inuvialuit region, from Nunavut, tinni, uqalimaagaksaqaratta Inuvialum- ymK6 whm4n6ys3N5tx6gu4 w7ui4 from Nunavik, and from Labrador. miutanit, Nunavummit, Nunavingmit whmQ/ui4 scsyc6hi wkw5 ck- Inuvialuit writer Mary Carpenter ammalu Labradorimit. Inuvialuujuq w7mΩ b x3ÇAw5 k∫5 moi/7 xgo3- provides a thought-provoking essay taanna Mary Carpenter titiraqsimavuq iq8k5. eu3Dx6bsJ6bs6 sco- by offering her own perspective on isumaksaqsiurnattiaqtumik imminik µZoxz ∫5hm gxt m˙2 w˚y3ui4 Inuit life at the turn of the millen- isumagijaminik uqausiqaqsuni inuit si4√6hi: ƒ0Jxu: xsMp/sJ5 whm- nium. A book review introduces qanuimmangaata arraaguit nutaat mil- Q/sJ9l. scoµZoxzi4 ∫8N gxt Dorothy Mesher’s excellent auto- lennium atulirninginnut. Qimirruaq- sc6ym1m5 w˚yE/y s9lu gry8N3- biography: Kuujjuaq: Memories and taujuqtauq uqalimaagalianga taatsuma i6nsJ1N6S6 bw5hmisMs6gi4 Musings. In her book Dorothy makes Dorothy Mesherup inuusirminik gryNhx6√DF5. the point that it is easier to under- unikkaaqsuni: Kuujjuami: Aulajijaujut xwWo x5nbbs2 si4√6bzi5- stand the present if you understand Isumagijaujullu. Uqalimaagalianganik bs6 scsyc6S6 xg6ymi3ui4 ˜S- the past. taanna Dorothy uqaqsimangmat inu-

4 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 CgxEu bw5hmi m4f4©t9li. w[l- Abel Atsatata’s story portrays his usirijasi ullumi tukisinnarniqsaujung- o1us9l wkgc6 Îy wc9oJ6 si4- life as a young man many years ago naqpuq taitsumaniulauqtunik tukisina- √6S6 w˚yEMs6bui5bs6 m4f4©- in Labrador. Igloolik elder Rosie suaqqaaruvit. t9li scsyc6hil w˚i3u s9lu. Iqallijuq speaks about her early years Abel Atsatataup unikkaaqtanganit- wkw8NsÔ4 wkgc4 m3Î4 /wuy and discusses life today. Inuinnait tauq uqausiqaqpuq atuqsimanirminik bwXNl „b x[oDw5g3l si4√6Í4 elders James Taipana and Peter Labradorimi taitsumani makkuktuutil- w˚ys?Ms6gu4 et3us5 kNz8i. Agligoetuk offer a glimpse of life as luni. Iglulingmiullu inutuqaq Rosie x7ml si4√6gx6bc6S6 wkFxlw5 it used to be in the Kitikmeot. And a Iqallijuq unikkaaqpuq inuusirilauqta- kNzi8Ω6gu4 w˚y3j5 yMg5tx6- legend from the Inuvialuit region minittauq makkuktuutilluni uqausiqaq- gu4 xgdpJu4: ˆ7mQ/3i4 WcDF5, provides a valuable piece of wisdom: sunilu inuunirmik ullumi. Inuinnaujuuk ˆ7mQoD4. if you have what you need, be content. inutuqak marruuk James Taipanalu x4I3F1u x0poxaifi4 bf/4nc- A photo story shows Aklavik as Peter Agligoeturlu unikkaaqpuuk inu- s6S6 x∫b5txK5 xˆN5txK5 xms- it was when our grandparents and usiuvalauqtumik Qitirmiut nunangan- K9l m4f4©t9lQ5. dmz3l si4√6- great grandparents were young. ni. Ammalu unikkaaqtuaqtaqaqpuq ymK6 !(%) xgo~6t9lQ5 xg6y- Komangat’s story about “burning Inuvialuit nunanganinngaaqtumik inu- m/ui4 “s/C1i4 xsµ˙i4”, dz1- stones”, recorded in the early 1950s, usirmut silatuttiaqtumik atuqujijumik: N6©9li scoµ6hA. x7ml5bs6 might make you smile. Finally, naammagijarnik piqaruvit, naammag- W8axZ4ni4 ≈e4hZ6bc6S6 we have some word games so that iliruk. scsy3i4 xg6gi4 ß4gZ4n5y8i4. you can have a little fun with the Ak&arvingmi ajjiliangunikunik scsyc4v8ix3J4Sz xbsy3u4: Inuktitut language. takujaksaqauqpuq ataatattiavut ana- scsyK5 W7mEsi6Ùa1m5 gi3D- I leave you with this thought: Our anattiavut amauvullu makkuktuutil- yxEym/5t8i4. scsy5t8i4 sc- language is one of the great gifts. If lugit. Qumangarlu unikkaaqsimavuq D1ND5b W/4nc6gx¬KA5 hDy5t8k5 we can speak our language, then it 1950 atuliqtillugit atuqsimajaminik scc5b3i3u4 scsygc5t8i4, ∫4fx9l is our responsibility to speak it to “Ujarangnik Aumaasuunik”, qungang- w3abK9l scsy6∫EymixCuQ5bs6. our children so that they and their naqtuulluni uqalimaaqsugu. Amma- children can benefit from this gift. luttauq pinnguagaksanik aaqiksugaq- taqaqpuq uqausirnik atuqtunik uuktu- xwzw gaksatsinnik. svo6 wp5yx6 Aingai Uqausiksaqakkanniarjukpunga J. Okalik Eegeesiak atausirmik: uqausivut pimmariuniqpa- angungmat tunirrusiarisimajattinnik. Uqausittinnik uqarungnarutta pijak- saqaqtualuuvugut surusittinnut uqaqattarnirmik uqausituqattinnik, taakkuallu irngutavullu uqausiqtaari- simaniaramigittauq.

Aingai J. Okalik Eegeesiak

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 5 x3ÇAw5 k∫ao6gw5 WQx3iq5 usE √X8©3 ttC6bz

A NEW MILLENNIUM by Mary Carpenter

ARRAAGUIT NUTAANGULIQTUIT PIGIARNINGIT Mary Carpenter titiraqtanga

w˚ct4v5 wkFxlw5, wo8ixMs6S5 My people, the Inuvialuit, learned to Inuuqatikkat Inuvialuit, ilinnialauqput c9lˆtg5 sc3i3u4 ttC3i3ul hDy- speak and read the English language qallunaatitut uqarnirmik titirarnirmilu st9lz¡ xg6ym5txlx8q5gA5 bm4- in my lifetime! Our interaction with surusiutillunga! fNi4 tt6vi4 ttCc5b3i3ul. w˚- the twentieth-century world of print Atuqsimattialuanngittugut tamakku- ct4v5 w˚J1N6ymw8N6S5 x4hD1N6gu is therefore very recent. My people nanik titiqqanik titiraqattarnirmilu. tu4f5, whm4f9l wMŒAyc5tx6ht4. are physically, socially, and tem- Inuuqatikkat inuujungnaqsimainnaq- ck6 bm8N whµ¬tQ/sJ6 x4gw- peramentally geared to living in a put aksurungnaqtumi timikkut, isu- ic3ix6X s?5t8k5, x3ÇA5 @)))-u harsh environment. makkullu ilagiigusiqattiaqsutik. x4hÎtQ/sJu4 bw/sJ6V wkw5 How is that entirely human mani- Qanuq tamanna isumaaluutigijaujuq cspmw8N6ymK5 bwmzi5 w˚yK5 festation known as the year 2000 aktuiniqarniaqpa uvattinnut, arraagut Wbcs3mb iEsQ8qb5t8i4 xy0p- problem, or, absurdly, the “millen- 2000-mi aksuruutigijaujumik taijaujuq? Dyi9l. bwmw5gu4 @)))-u whµ¬- nium bug”, going to affect us? Inuit Inuit qaujimainnaqsimavut taimanganit tQ/sJu4 WbcExcMs8q5gA5 w˚- have always known that life is full inuusivut pitaqaurmata niriuginngitat- yK5 xy0p6bwod9lA. of uncertainties and unexpected tinnik asijjirusinillu. Taimaittumik wkw5 c5yrx6 cEbs/3i4 xg˙- developments. We did not need a 2000-mi isumaaluutigijaujumik pita- a?5V v5yrx6 xbctŒAti4 xgc5- millennium bug for our civilization qariaqalaunngittugut inuusivut asijjiq- bo6X5V dFxh4Sz i9oxQx4n6 wµ4 to collapse. tailiqullugu. srs6b6gus5 hvJu4 yKi3j5 vJy- How many Inuit use computers? Inuit qatsikiaq qaritaujarnik atusu- ymK5. xfiso6g6 c9lˆ6 Wdt- The Internet and the World Wide unguvat? Katsikiaq ataqatigiigutinik xlq8i4 xgc5b6ymo6SA5 x7ml Web? I’m happy to report that the atuqattaliqpat? Quviasukpunga nillia- bm4fx5 cEbs/w5 xgc5b6ym1u/K5. arctic and her peoples are moving giaksaq imaak ukiuqtaqtumiut sukajumik w˚JtA5 grysm5tx6gA5 bm8N vigorously into the future. Pandora’s sivunirmut kajusisimavut. Akuniuliqtuq W7mEsizi4 wkw5 vtc5b3iq5 Box was opened a long time ago qallunaaq piqutialunginnik atuqattaq- s6ƒoChx6ht4, iEctŒc5b6ht4, and the computer is just another simaliqpugut ammalu tamakkuat qari- si4√c5b6ht[l vt8z9lt4. csp- man-made novelty. taujait atuqattaqsimangmijavut. mZ5b ho w˚ctŒ1iK5 W7mEsi6- Inuit are fortunate in that we Inuujutigut tukisiumattiaqtugut ns1mb nN/symJiszi5 k∫aJi- understand and appreciate the im- tamanna pimmariuninganik inuit kati- szi9l. portance of the “fire” where people qattarningit uqquulirasuaqsutik, niri- xsMpKz bw5hmi sçMstc- gather together in a circle for warmth, qatigiiqattaqsutik, unikkaaqattaqsutiglu o~Ms6ym9lb sxoi3u kN5t8i. security, sharing food, and stories. katinngallutik. Qaujimagatta suli inu-

6 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 raizi ryxi4 sçMst4f5 sc3- We still retain the knowledge that uqatigiingnivut pimmariuniqsaungmat i3u4 wo5gA5. xsMpKz wMzi people are more important than sanajausimajuniunganit nutaangujuni- w9lZ Wxt sçMFQZlxC4f g4g÷6- technology. unganillu. gu. rNrx6 sçMstu4 gAy1m5 xW- I recall when telephones came Aulajivunga taitsumani uqaalautiqa- EZ4fl, Wxt bwv•2XV rs/sKz, to my area of the Western Arctic. lilauqsimalluta ualinirmi nunattinni. “∑”, woygw8NMs6yis9l¡ Te lephone etiquette came later. I can Kinguningani kisianik uqaalautikkut x3ÇAc6Sz %) sz∫i. w˚y8i still remember calling my cousin uqarnirmik ilittugut. Aulajivunga ilan- w˚ct4v5 w{r∆u4 bw/sc5bMs6√6- Betty in Tuktoyaktuk and asking the gani illuga Betty uqaalavigigaluarakku ht4 wk1i4 bw/sc5bo6S5. m3Î1i4 person who picked up the receiver, Tuktujaaqtumi. Kinakiaq uqaalautimik xtcc5bMs8q4vlxC5b ˙3l c9l- “Hi, is Betty there?” The answer: tugusingmat apirigakkulu, Betty taika- ˆtg5 wµ4 fE5tx8, µi1, m4∫N9, “Yes.” Click! niippa? Kiujauvunga, “ii”, ilisituinna- gy2, Z?m3Jx4f5 WoExcoMs6ht4 I am fifty-something. In my life- lauqsuniullu! wk1i4 xtc6t5ti3u4 !(&)-u. µ8N time, my people have gone from Arraaguqaqpunga 50 ungataani. wkw5 xu˙i6nq5 xtco6S5 g[oz- being labelled “Eskimos” to “Inuit”. Inuusinni inuuqatikkat Eskimomik i4 ˙3l x∫bq5b xtq8i4. Because we had no surnames like taijauqattalauqqaaqsutik inungnik tai- wkw5 x4g6bsc5b6ymw8N6S5 Chretien, Manning, Clark, jauqattaliqput. Marruungnik atiqaqat- c9lˆ5 kNzi xy0p6gk5. srs6- McDonough, or Duceppe, the fed- talaunngikkaluaratta suurlu qallunaatitut b6g3l kNz W7mEQ/sq8N6ymK6 eral government initiated “Project imaak Chrétien, Manning, McDonough, yM3Jx3u kN3Jxk5 n8qJxl1k5. Surname” in 1970. Now, most Inuit Duceppe, gavamarjuakkut piliriaqali- g[ozi yM3Jx3u sNb3i3Jx6 k6v- have surnames. lauqsutik inungnik atiqaqtittinirmik Ms6t9lA srs6b6gu sNb6g4no- The Inuit have always been affect- 1970-mi. Maanna inuit amisuuniqsangit Ep5 kNoC˜q8i5 nNQxoMs6S5. ed by changes in the western world. atiqaliqput tuglinganik suurlu ataatan- c9lˆ5 hqsQ8qbK5 cwMs6gFi5 The arctic has always been strategi- gitta atinginnik. x6~gw8NMs6ht4 kN5t8i xaNhx3- cally important to the world powers. Inuit aktuqtauqattaqsimainnaqput FQ/gcE?4b5t8i4, x7ml srs4f5 The aftermath of the Second World qallunaat nunangani asijjiqtunut. sW3Ω4f5 Njgw8N6 xs9˜c5b3iK5 War brought the Distant Early Ukiuqtaqturlu nunanga pimmarigi- xy0p6tbq5 nF1k5 nNymJi4 w[l3- Warning radar sites to the arctic. jaunginnaqsimavuq silarjuarmi nunar- Jxos6ht4 x7ml sNb6g4noEi3- Strangers usurped our traditional juanut sanngijualungnut. Tuglingani ∆6bcso6ht4. hunting and gathering grounds and silarjuarmi unatarnirjuaq nuqqalauqtil- g4yx6t5tp9l xJE6hwp5 bm4fx5 disrupted our seasonal activities with lugu ukiuqtaqtumi unataqtuksalirijit x0pŒ8q5©bsJi4 s4WE/c6ht4 their stainless-steel infrastructures nunaliralaanginnit sanagialilauqput. x0pŒ8q5gil moZcs6ht4, trQs- and cold-war enterprises. Qallunaat sungiuginngitavut qailauq- Ms6S5 !*)) xg6t9lQ5. Njgw8N6 Missionaries, with their diverse tuvinit atutuinnalauqsutik nunattinni szy4gj5 xs9Mc5bMs6S5, s4W6g4- denominations and dogmas, arrived angunasuarvigijatuqarivaktattinnik, n6ys6ht4 s4W6g4n6∫çcnst9lt4, back in the mid-1800s. They travel- ammalu ukiukkut upirngaakkut namu- w0J3Nw5gi4 xJE6hw?4ht4, wk1i4 led far and wide, competing for con- tuinnaq aullaaqattarnivut asijjiqtitangit N7 ui6 whmosdp8q5ht4, w7ui4 verts, preaching the gospel message, savingnut sanasimajunik iglurjualiuq- wNq6hQ9l xz4fK5, x7ml s4W6- deadening all thought, displacing our sutik ammalu unataqtuksalirinirmuuq- g8axos6gxlgw8Ns∂6ht4. shamans, and producing a horde of taqauliqsutik. gJ3u=FsJi4 wo8ix3F1k5 m3Î1k5 hypocrites. Tuksiaqtittijillu ajuriqsuijit tamak- wMscbsMs6ymKz x4I3F1u, x7ml I attended two church-run residen- kuat ajjigiinngittuutaujunik ukpirija- Z?m3Jx4f5 wo8ix3Fzi5bs6 /lN- tial schools in Aklavik and a federal qaqsutik ajjigiinngittunilu maligaqauq- w=u. cspm/s5tx6g6 si4√6t ~9{ government educational facility in sutik, tikigiulauqput 1800 atuqtillugit. tv8{-u4 xto4 Gx7mlcw cspn6- Yellowknife. Charles Dickens (now Namutuinnaq ungasiktumut aullaqat- tsc5b6gw5 s9luH si4√Z4nox¬- superseded by consultants and re- talauqput, ukpiqtuksaqsiuqsutik ukpiq- N/Ms6S6. xJ6n6gx¬9lb, W5tx8- searchers) would have had a field tuksaqtaaqaaqasautillutik, ijjurnaittunik qbsÇl4hb, x4hD6ym5txMs6SA5 day: poverty, cruelty, and despair in ajuriqsuivaksutik, inungnik namminiq ckgw8N6¡ hDy5 bfym?4v5 wMcD1- abundance! I experienced children isumaliuqujinngitsutik, imminik inan- •6tbsymiq8k5 dFxhA1•6gflw5 starved of basic encouragement and giqsugillu angakkuvut, ammalu ukpiq- x7ml nWo6ymJf¬9lt4 w˚y3u1i4. familial support, and filled with sor- tunngualiuqtualutuinnauquuqsutik. bwmwos6bsymi5t8k5 h4fbsi3j5 row and resignation as a result. The Tu jurmivviujunik ilinniarvingnut Nebsi3j9l bm5b w˚y4f5 ≈8i6ym- legacy of this genocidal experience was marruungnut ilauqataulauqsimavunga icctŒ∂6SA5. ho x4hDc5b6SA5 collective trauma. We are still strug- Ak&arvingmi, ammalu gavamarjuakkut

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 7 wk4tA5 bm4fx5 xg6ym/K5 gJ3u=- gling individually to dismantle the ilinniarvinganittauq Yellowknife-mi. FsJi wo8ix3F1i bm4fNi munC- destructive energies garnished from Qaujimajauttiaqtuq unikkaaqti Charles hc5b6hb s9luj9¬8•5. our residential-school experiences. Dickens-mik atilik (ammaluqai qauji- wkFxlw5 wMŒ1iq5 hC4bsN- I have witnessed the invalidation saqtiuqattaqtuit ullumi) unikkaagak- hx3izi4 bfymKz, wMŒ1iK5 of the Inuvialuit family unit and its salialuunajalauqpuq. Ajuqsaqtualuulluta, xg6ymZ5tA5 wlw5©i5t8k5 w˚- clan system which was basic to human pittianngitauraaluksuta, aksuruqsimat- y5t8i. wkdt4v5 sWAh5tx3lt4 wholeness. My people would declare tialauqpugut qanutuinnaq! Surusit yM3Jx3usbk5 i9oxZ/6S5 wµ4: with pride to the world: “I am not takusimavakkat ilaqarungniiqtitausima- “v2Wxh8qMz; wMcCm¡” xFbsA5b afraid; I have relatives!” To be ban- ninginnut quviasugungniiqtukuluit wM5t8i5 xysymgw8Nc5b6SA9o. ished from one’s relatives was literally ammalu sapiliqsimajukuluullutik inu- st3FQlQ9l nwm8N6gj5 st6ym8N6S6. to be lost. To return to them was to usirmingnik. Taimailiuqtausimaningin- s?zl wM4vl xg6ymKA5 wo6- recover one’s privileged sanctuary. nut sukkutaunirmut naqitaunirmullu fyK5 xy0p6bsizi4. hNoµ5 csp- I and my family experienced cul- tamatta inuusikkut aanniqsimaniqaqa- mMs6bK5 xgMs6bK5, wo6fyEM- tural relocation. Everything we’d ever tigiiquuqpugut. Suli aksuruqattaqpu- s6bK5 em4bsgw8NMs6S5: xgMs6- known – what bound us together as gut inuktigut tamakkuat atuqsimajavut bK5 wo6fy5t8i, xgMs6bK5 wM- a people – had been left behind: the tujurmivviujuni ilinniarvingni tamak- Œ1i3j5, xgMs6bK9l yKos6tc3- cultural system, the social system, kunani mamisarasuqattaqsuta ullu- i3j5 GZ?mc3i3j5H. bm3u4 bm4fx5 and the political system. All had been mimulluunniit. „6bsgw8NMs6S5. ho x4hDc5b6SA5 commandeered. We are still trying Inuvialuit ilagiingningit suraktauna- vg0pNhx6hb, wMŒ5txoChx4v8i6hb, to come together and to rebuild as suarninganik takusimavunga, ilagiing- x7ml vt8z5txChxo4v8i6hb. a community and as a clan group. nivut atuqsimagattigut iluittuunittin- szy4gu srs6b6g¨8iK5 x7ml Our remote location and severe nut inuusittinni. Inuqutikkat upigusut- w4®3N6g¨8iK5 nS0pMs8q∫tA5 yM3- weather could not insulate us from tiarlutik silarjuarmiutanut nilliagajaq- Jx3u5. !(*$-u wkdt4v5 xtosM- the world forever. In 1984, my put imaak: “Kappiasunngilanga; ilaqa- s6S5 xq3i3u4, wkFxlw5 ra9- people signed a land claim called rama!” Avitaugutta ilattinnit asiusima- o6Ùu4 xq3i3Jxzi4 bw/sJu4. the Inuvialuit Final Agreement. tuinnaqattaqpugulli. Utirvigilugillu s?A5 Z?mc3i3u4 xg6ym/gcE/5- Our own permafrost political sys- saimannaqtumut utiqsimannaqpuq. t8k5 wo5tymKz xrC6gCsti3u4 — tem taught me the importance of a Uvangalu ilakkalu atuqsimavugut wkdt4v5 xg6ymJgcs1mb W5tx3- feudal hierarchy – my people have iliqqusivut asijjiqtauninganik. Sunali- maat qaujimalauqtavut atulauqtavut, iliqqusirilauqtavut qimaktautuinna- lauqput: atulauqtavut iliqqusittinni, atulauqtavut ilagiingnirmut, atulauq- tavullu sivuliuqtiqarnirmut (gavama- qarnirmut). Tamarmik tamakkuat piiq- tautuinnalauqput. Suli aksuruqattaq- pugut katujjinasuaqsuta, ilagiittialira- suakkanniqsuta, ammalu katinngattia- rasualikkanniqsuta. Ungasiktumi ukiuqtaqtumiinnivut ammalu ikkiirnaqtumiinnivut sapujji- launngitaatigut silarjuarmit. 1984-mi inuqutikkat atiliulauqput angirnirmik, Inuvialuit kingulliqpaamik angirnir- juanganik taijaujumik. Uvagut gavama- qarnirmik atuqsimajatuqarijattinnut ilittisimavunga akiraqturautinirmik – inuqutikkat atuqsimajutuqaungmata pittiarniqsaunirmik ilagijaujumut. Qallunaaqaliqsimaninganullu ilittisi- mavugut qaujiqattautinirmik, ikajuq- tuksaqsiurnirmik, sannginiqaqtunit sannginiqtaarasuarnirmik, sivuliuqtiu-

8 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 i6nsi3u4 wMQ/sJj5. c9lˆco6- practised nepotism for centuries. nirmik ilittisimanngikkaluarluni, ammalu ymizk9l wo5tymKA5 cspc5bs- Contact with the western powers angutauqatigiinginnarnut ikajuqtigiiga- ti3u4, wvJ6g4n6ys3i3u4, n8qi- has taught us networking, contacts, suarnirmik amma arnauqatigiinginnar- c6gi5 n8qi6∫Chx3i3u4, yKos6- infuence-peddling, cronyism, and nut iqajuqtigiigasuarnirmik. Tamakkuat tsi3u4 wo5tym8q4vlx3li, x7ml the old-boy and old-girl network. aturnirluutauvaktulimaat pisimaliqpavut! xabsctŒq8N3k5 wvJ6tŒZhx3i3u4 We have the whole catastrophe! Kisianik, uqaqqauvunga, inuqutik- x7m x3NsctŒq8N3k5 wcJ6tŒZh- And yet, as I mentioned, my kat inuusinnik ilinnialisaatuinnalauq- x3i3u4. bm4fx5 xg3i3¬bs?4goµ5 people have learned to read in my put uqalimaarungnarnirmik. Amisu- Wymo6XK5¡ lifetime. Many of us are in fact avid tigut uqalimaarajuliqpugut, suurlu ryxi4, sccsKz, wkdt4v5 readers: we subscribe to newspapers tusagaksalingnik paipaangujunik, unik- w˚y8i4 wo8ixo~gw8NMs6S5 sco- and magazines, and belong to book- kaaqaqtunik makpiqtugarnik, ammalu µD1N3i3u4. xuhtA5 scoµCJo6SA5, of-the-month clubs. We don’t have ilaitigut titiqqaniarvikkut naksiujjau- ˙3l gnZ4no1i4 XwÙaJi4, si4- libraries in every hamlet, but any qattaqsutalu uqalimaagaksanik taqqita- √c6gi4 m4W6gZ3i4, x7ml wMwtA5 maakkut. Nunalilimaat uqalimaaga- tt6vix3F4f5 N4ys0/sc5b6hbl qarviqanngimmata, kisianik uqalimaa- scoµZ4ni4 b6rbµ4f5. kNooµ5 garnik tikisaijungnaqput titiqqaniar- scoµZc3Fc8q7mb, ryxi4 sco- vikkutigut tikillutik uqalimaagaqarvia- µZ3i4 trnwJ1N6S5 tt6vix3F4ftA5 lunnit Hay River-mit Nunatsiarmi tr9lt4 scoµZc3Fxl8i5 Bxw EK3- uvvalu ataqatigiigutikkut tikisaijau- u5 kN5yx3u s=?l xbctŒAt4f5 jungnarillutik. trnw/sJ1NE9lt4. Inuit maanna ataqatigiigutikkut wkw5 µ8N xbctŒAt4f5 scoµ- uqalimaagaksaqtaarungnaqsivut salat- Z4n6∫D1N6yK5 nM5gDt4ni4 gr- turutiksanik tukisigiarutiksalialungnik yQxDt4noxl1i4 scoµZ3i4, ryxi4 uqalimaagarnik, kisianik akitujualuul- xrgJx¬9lt4. iDx3i4f5 Z?m4n6∫6- lutik. Niruarnikkut gavamaksaqtaaq- X4g5 moZc3mb bm4fx5 hNgw8Nw5 paktut maligaqarmata tamakkuat suna- cspm/sJ4n5 xgw8Nstbs/Exc3mb tuinnait qaujimajaujuksat atuinnauti- r4fgw8N3k5, xhw˜l wk4tA5 xgw8- taujariaqarmata kikkutuinnarnut, asui- NZ4nco6SA5 ckgw8N6 bwmw5gi4. laalu inuktigut atuinnagaksaqaliqpugut bm8N yK1jx5txDbsK6¡ qanutuinnaq taimaittunik. Tamanna scoµD1N3i6, w7ui4 whm4n6ys- sivungmuattiarutauvuq! D1N3i6, gryQxD1N3i6, gnsmc5- Uqalimaarungnarniq, imminik isu- bsti6, xW6hD1N3i6 wo5tymJi5, published book is available through maksaqsiurungnarniq, tukisigiarung- ho5tx3mΩbl i9oxFQc5b3lQ5 Canada Post from the Main Branch narniq, tusaumaqattautiniq, apiqsu- xzJ6√aJ5, x7ml N7 ui6 whmo- Library in Hay River, Northwest rungnarniq ilittisimajunit, sulittiar- sD1N3i6 — bm4fx5 gi3Dt5tx?sJ5 Te rritories, or through the Internet. mangaatalu nilliavigiqattarlugit sivili- c9lˆ5 kNz8i5. Inuit can now download the uqtigijaujut, ammalu namminiq isuma- xbctŒAt4 ˙3l scoµZc3F4tg5, entire collected wisdom of the west- liurungnarniq – tamakkuat tunirrutitti- yK1jxDbsix6S6. wkdt4v5 bfJ- ern world from the Encyclopedia avaujut qallunaat nunangannit. uN6gi4 cspQx3ix3mb x7ml xg- Brittanica to our home computers Ataqatigiigutik suurlu uqalimaaga- Z4ns5tx6gi4 cspQs3lt4, xg3- for a hefty fee. The basic pillar of qarviktitut, sivungmuarutauniaqpuq. ic5tx6gi[l dFxN6gi4 — x7ml democracy, freedom of information, Inuqutikkat takujuminaqtunik qauji- iDxDm/u1i5 iDxc5b3lt4 xgDm- has become available. This is true giarniarmata ammalu atugaksauttiaq- /u1i5. W/4ns9li xqJx¬K6 progress! tunik qaujigiurlutik, aturniqattiaqtu- ryxi4 wkw5 cspm?4v5 wl4f5 The ability to read, formulate one’s niglu quvianaqtunik – ammalu nirua- xJ8q8ic3mb bm4fNi4 xg3i3u4 thoughts, access information, network, rumajamingnit niruaqattarlutik aturu- ˆ7mQ/q5tA5. ask questions from experts, challenge majamingnit. Pijaksaulluni angijualuu- w˚y5t8i4 xgZ6∫6ymKA5 xuh- authority, and make up one’s own vuq kisianik inuit qaujimavakkat iluk- xl1i4 x7ml ˆ7mQ/5t8k5 xgo6hQ5. mind – this is the most wonderful kut ajunnginniqarmata tamakkunanik x7ml yM3Jx3usb3k5 bft5tymKA5 gift from the western world. aturnirmik naammagijangittigut. xw5gwZJ˙ai5t8i4, whmg3i6©i5- The Internet, like its predecessor Inuusittinnik atugaqtaaqsimavugut t8i4 ˙3l nN8ax3i4f5 si4√3i4f9l; the library, is going to lead the way. amisualungnik ammalu naammagijat- ekw8iK5 x7ml wk5tx?sNh1iK5. It will instill in my people a new tinnut atuliqsugit. Ammalu silarjuar-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 9 fw8 wonW srs6b6gjxMs6t9lA curiosity and bring knowledge of miutarnut takutittisimavugut aittuiga- wk1k5 scMs6S6, “xy0p6bwoQ5y¡” useful things, gratifying things to jusuungunittinnik, isumaturniqtuunit- w˜4 xy0p6gc3izk5 xy0pExc6SA5¡ work with – and the ability and the tinnik suurlu sanannguarnikkut unik- w˚ct4v5 fw8u4 N[oAh5tx6g5 capacity to make choices. It is a great kaarnikkullu; qinuinnivut ammalu x7ml fw8 wMQ/zi4, x7ml responsibility, but the Inuit have inuttiavaunasungnivut. Kuin Ilisapi bMÏn4f5 si4√3i4 bsgAm˙aKA5. the inner resources to adapt this ukiuqtaqtumualauqtillugu inungnut bMÏn srs6b6gj5 tr1m5 w˜8i4f5 technology to their own purposes. uqalauqpuq, “Asijjiqtailigitsi!” ilaak s9l4f5 s8k4f9¬8•5 wMq5 wkw5 We have adapted and absorbed asijjiqtuqarninganut asijjiriaqaqpugut! xgw8NsJ1•6ym˙5 bMÏnu4 bsg1- much in my lifetime. We have also Inuuqatikkat kuinmik nagligusutti- iq8k5. x7ml xuh5 nMshgw8N6ht4 shown the world our generosity of aqtut ammalu kuin ilagijanganik, ammalu w4y?sb3u bMÏnu4 bsgAm˙5 ie5 spirit and, through our visual arts and talaviisakkut unikkaarnik tautugumasu- krQ8N8q8i6nw5 mmE9liQ5 bs©- our myths, our powerful imagination. unguvugut. Talaviisa ukiuqtaqtumut /6ht4 iE?9ox˙5 bwmw5gi4¡ ry- We have shown the world our pa- tikingmat ilaannikkut ullukkut unnuk- xi4bs6 bMÏn h4nslx8q5g6 tience and our great humility. When kulluunniit ilangit inuit atuinnaujung- bsgZ4nsgw8N3m5 x7ml x6~6gw8- Queen Elizabeth visited the arctic, niiqsimasuut talaviisamik tautungnin- N6g6 WF4ni4 xyq8i4. she exhorted my people, “Please, don’t ginnut. Ammalu amisut salausutuin- w˚y8i4 bsg4ymKz w˚ct4v5 change!” Your gracious Majesty, we naqsutik iksivautarmi talaviisamik tau- hNgw8N3i4 N7uicc5bDmiq8i5 must change! tugumasuut niqit nukiginnannginniq- x7ml WJmlxc5b3iq8i9l. xuhi4 My people love the Queen and sait mamarillunigit tautuujaqsutik niri- Wbc6SA5 WshQ0Jt?4bK5: w[l3Jx5 most of the royal family, and we valliasuut taimaittunik! Kisianiktauq Z?mw5 nNym/q5, kN4ƒDt5, cjb- enjoy soap operas. Television has talaviisa suksauluanngittuq tautugak- s/w5, c/Exk5 xsM0Jt5, c/5, come north and at certain times sautuinnarmat ammalu aqsaatuinnaqtuq c9lˆ5 x8kÇq5 xrgJ5, t2X4nsti4 of the day or evening you cannot piviksanik asinginnik. xw¿8-4f8i5, isFx4n5 ≈7Kw-4f8i5, reach anyone. The “couch potato Inuusinnik tautuksimavunga inuu- e9o6gw5 Í5 mgø5 ∫SKw3-4f8i5, syndrome” has also invaded the qatikkat sunatuinnarnik namminiqa- x7ml k/K5 weho4X4hQ5. north – and Inuit relish junk food! qattarumaninginnit ammalu pijumalu- sçMF4ni4bs6 WbcEKA5. kox- But television has failed because it aqattarninginnillu. Amisunik pitaqaq- DmJc6XV xJo6ymJc6XV w7uixD- is largely an entertainment wizard pugut piusugijjutivaktavut: iglurjuat h4g5V Xw8aJ5V i9ox/4no5V and a time-stealer. gavamait sanasimajangit, nunakkuurutit, gnZ4no5V !-*))-aJ5 xgZ4~lw5 In my lifetime I have witnessed qamutaujait, qajarianut aulajjutit, qajat, xuh5. my people embrace materialism and qallunaat annuraangit akitujut, tippaksau- xfisi6nu4 m3Î9lx3u4 w˚J1- greed. We have acquired many status tinik Avon-kkunnit, niuviaksat Amway- N6yymKA5 tr5gc3izk5 WD6yx3i4 symbols: HAP (government-built) kkunnit, qilliqtuit puut matuliit Tupper- iE/4ni4, Xs3z3i4, rAtysti4 houses, trucks, snowmobiles, out- ware-kkunnit, ammalu nujavut iqisu- x7ml ≈8ix6goEic3i5t8k5 board motors, canoes, designer likpaksugit. xgw8Nsi6nu4. clothes, Avon, Amway, Tupperware Uqaalaviksaniktauq pitaqarivugut. Z?mw5 x4hD6ymK5 wk1i4 hÍ6- products, and permed hairdos. Nuliarumajuqaqpa? Ajuliqsimajuqaqpa? g6bwot5tNhx6ht4 wuxl4bwom- We even have hot-lines. Sex, any- Imminiarusuktut? Painngujut? Nillia- t5tNhx6ht[l ryxi4 wkw5 xuh5 one? Addictions? Suicide? Lonely? jaksalit? Tusagaksalit? 1-800-ngujut k6vDm8q5gw5 dFxQ?4vlx3mQ5 Complaints? Advertisements? atugaksaaluit amisut. w4®3N˜ai3u4 kNc3iq8k5. hÍ6- 1-800-NUMBERS? Akuniuniqsamik marruulluarmik gc5b3i4f5 wuxlc5b3i4f9l gdy- Life expectancies have doubled inuujungnaqsisimavugut tikittuqar- mKA5, ryxi4 srs6b6gu whmJmc5- with the arrival of vegetables, fresh ninganut piruqsiarnik nirijaksanik, paur- b8q5gA5 w˚y5b ∫3izi4. Wyo- fruit, toothpaste, and improved access ngarnik, kigutisiutinik ammalu aanniaq- s6ttg5, w˚ct4v5 cspm/cw8N6- to medical attention. tuliriniqarnittinnut atuinnauniqsamik. ymK5 gdi3u4, x7ml cspm5tx6gA5 Government propaganda against Gavamait aksuruqsimavut inungnik hNbc8q5g6 W8NE/sJ4nu4 gd- smoking and drinking hard liquor supuuqtuqtailitittinasuaqsutik imialuk- i6bc8q2X5. has created many cynics among Inuit tailimatittinasuaqsutiglu kisianik inuit srs6b6gu x4h5 ≈nWclxo6S6. as these two habits have brought much amisut nuqqarumanngittuit quviagi- wkw5 Gx3Nw5 Wlx6gu4H ≈nWc3- escapist pleasure to those living in vakkaluarmagit ikkiirnalaangunirmik iC6bsJ5 xs9M6tbsc5b˙5 c9lˆ5 the harshest land. Cigarettes and nunaqarninginnut. Supuuqtuqattarnik- kNz8k5 gdQx6g6ht4. kNø5 xs9- drinking have also brought death; but kut imialuqattarnikkullu tuqusimavu- MD0pymK5 ≈8ix6gdtu1i5. d/N5- the Arctic, like most places, doesn’t gut, kisianik ukiuqtaqtumi isumajuma-

10 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 txClx6S5 WoEp5 c9lˆ5 kNz8i like to acknowledge this so-called qattanngittugut inuusitta taarninganik. iEs1ic6t5tym÷tA5, whmu1i5 dark side of our life. Like poets, my Pisiliuqtititut, inuuqatikkat qaujimaja- tu1ui9l b3i3u1i9l xg5tx6ht4 people have always walked with qainnaqsimavut tuqunirmik, ammalu cspn6S5 w˚oist4ni4, x7ml mo- death, and we understand that there qaujimattiaqtugut sunataqanngittuq Z3i4 xy0p6t5tNhx6gw5 bm8N ≈8i- is nothing of value without death. pinnarijaujuksamik tuquniqtaqanngippat. x3iDtQ/s˙6 k6v6tbsd9lA x7ml The north has a serious AIDS Ukiuqtaqtumi aksut aasapiqalualiq- ≈8ix6gw5 wM1uk5 st6tbsd9lQ5. problem. The Inuit (mostly women) puq. Inuit (arnait piluaqtumik) aasapi- srs6b6©2 sxoixi scoµD1- who have been diagnosed with HIV/ qarniraqtaujut aullaqtitauqattasuut qal- N3 i6ns?9oxJ5 wkw5 ttC6tsc5- AIDS have to go to the provinces to lunaat nunangannut tuqugiaqtuqsutik. b6ht4 ˙3l: Ù2 √4i, ≈M{ KC8{, live out their lives. The communities Nunaliit aullarujjisimavut aanniaqtu- w{m/9 xl3i6, x7ml ≈8gi gÇh3. have banished their sick. Thank qutimingnit. Qujanattiaraluaqput pili- w˚y8i4 bsg4ymKz wkFxlw5 goodness for the personnel in the rijit qallunaat nunanganni niriungni- cspn6bslx3iq8i5 vNbu vg0p- provinces who give hope, using qaqtittisimajaatigut, isumamingnit ctŒaJk5 yM5g6n3FoEpk5 @*-k5, their minds and bodies and souls timingminillu tarnirmingnillu atuttiaq- cspn6tq5 Z?m3Jx4f8i5 ®Ns/6- researching cures, raising money sutik qaujisaqput inuuliniutiksanik, ∫c5b6S5 kN5yx3jxEx4n6 ‘wcl4- and raising awareness, and fighting ammalu maligarnik asijjiqtittinasuaq- ysEx6g3lt4’. cspn6bslx6ymKA5¡ for policies that will help stop this tuit tamanna aanniarnirutigijausuuq bm4fx5 cspn6bq8i5 si4√aJi4 disease and reunite families. nuqqaqtitauqullugu ammalu aanniaq- bftbs5txc5b8q7mE4gA5. whmK- The literacy rate has increased and tuit ilangminut utiqtitauqullugit. z¬8•5 xuh5 ∫4fx5 h?orxaN- the Western Arctic has produced Ukiuqtaqtuup ualiniani uqalimaa- /6gw5 si4√5. some good writers: Bob Cockney, rungnarniqsauvalliajut inuit titiraq- wkFxl1i4 si4√6ymJc6S6 Alice French, Ishmael Alunik, and tiuqattaqsutik suurlu: Bob Cockney, bfymi3ui4 cz5b6ymJi4 cspm- Anthony Thrasher. Alice French, Ishmaul Alunik, ammalu /s8q5tx6gi4 g4g÷6©2 u4~i. In my lifetime I have witnessed Anthony Thrasher. bw8N √39 J1 hoMs6S6: scMs3m5 the Inuvialuit being overstudied Inuusinnik tautuksimavunga Inu- eM1uÅ6 r4fgw8Nw5 bfc5bDt4 by members of the Association of vialuit qaujisaqtauluarninginnit Kana- x1m¬zJi4 grc6S6 w7ui4 w˚y3- Canadian Universities for Northern tami katujjiqatigiingujunut silattuqsar- u1i5 wlw5©oDmic3iq8i5. bm4- Studies – 28 Canadian universities vilirijinut 28-nut, qaujisaqtingit gava- fxÅ6 bf/sc5bgw8N6g5 s8k4f5 — whose researchers get government marjuakkunnit kiinaujaqtaaqattaqput e9o6g÷6ht4 b3Cc6gw5, ©3z3i4 grants to spend their summers “fish- nunatsiarmuariaksaq ‘iqaluksiuriaq- whm8N6S9¬8•5 b6r6 csmJx¬t9lA. ing” in the Northwest Territories. We turlutik’. Qaujisaqtauluaqsimavugut! wkdt4v5 grysm5tx6g5 yM3Jx6 have been scrutinized to death! We Ta makkuat qaujisaqtanginnit unikka- xqi6ns1m5 yM3Jxq8i5, x7ml rarely see these reports. I suspect angujunik takutitauttiaqattanngimma- yM3Jx6 bµ•5ggc7mEsym1m5 yK9- many of them are irrelevant. riktugut. Isumavungaluunniit amisut o6Ù7m‰9¬8•5 w˚o3iq5b gΩi5. Some Inuvialuit have reported taakkuat suvalikiangunajaqtuit unikkaat. w˚ct4v5 x4h7mE yMgÔK5¡ seeing UFOs in the Tuktoyaktuk Inuvialungnik unikkaaqsimajuqaq- srs6b6gu wfmi4 cuc5b6gc- area. Carl Jung was correct: he said puq takusimanirminik qangattaqsima- c5b6gwl. srs6b6gusb3u4 i8z- that the sighting of circles in the junik qaujimajaunngittiaqtunik Tuk- smJu4 gnDm8iDF5 scsyEgw8N4r5 heavens symbolizes humankind’s tujaaqtuup miksaani. Tainna Karl Jung wfmoEp5. hoJu4 scD5b dFxN3- longing for wholeness. It is an inter- sulilauqpuq: uqalaurmat qilangmiguuq i6nsK6; w˚y6 wexN3i6nsK6 esting fact that these UFO sightings kikkutuinnait takuqattarutik angmalu- hoJu4 sc6bwom9li. bfymKz come at night – silvery shadows ungajunik tukiqaqpuq imminik inuusir- bbuN6ƒ7mE4gu4 — wm3u4 fFJu4 — conjuring up the spirit world as the mingnit iluittuulirumaniqarninginnit. x3Nw5 x4hD6tbs8q8i6nso6ht4 moonlight keens awareness. My Tamakkuaguuq takujauqattatuinnaqtut x7ml nlm8N3i6n6. people understand that the world unnukkut – qilliqtujaaqsutik tarraqaq- W?9oxJoEi6. s6hxloEi6 is larger than themselves, and that tuit, tuurngarnik isumannaqpulluunni- ÛnøoEi6. ckn6ys3i6 s/C4bE- it was here long before our most it taqqiq qaumajualuutillugu. Inuqutik- x3i4f5. wƒboEi6 bwm8tk5. W?9- distant ancestors were born. My kat tukisiumattiaqtut silarjuaq anginiq- ox5ttπ5 W/4nc3iq5 W5tx3i3j5V people are indeed substantial! saungmat silarjuanginnit, ammalu W5tx3i3j5 moZc3i6V bm4fx5 n8q- Power blackouts are common in silarjuaq tamaaniittutuqammariusi- Jx¬c5b6g5 xbctŒAt4f9l bf/s- the north. If you want to hear a mangmat sivulliqpaammariilluunniit Fc6gw5 kNusbk5 wk1k5 whwQ- northerner curse just say “NCPC” inuulirningitta tungaanit. Inuuqatikkat /sc5b6S5 w4W1N9ME4gu4. (Northern Canada Power Corpora- aksummarik silatujuuvut!

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 11 bw8N Wx9 Zw5{, xuxovusb6 tion). Truth is always exciting; life Ukiuqtaqtumi ikumanik qamiqat- cEbs/oEi3u4 xz4ƒaiC6bC, is boring without it. I have seen that taqtuqaqattaqtuilu. Ukiuqtaqtumiu- ttCMs6S6 si4√3u4 gry/sJm9li, twentieth-century miracle – running tarmik ninngaumajumik tusaruman- x6ft yKi3j5 bw/s9li scoµZz. water – relieve the work of women niruvit uqausirituinnakkit ikumalirijit. wkw5 grysmymK5 ∫8N ®Ns/o0- and improve hygiene. Sulijumik uqarutta quvianarniqsauvuq; Jxa1m5, x7ml sWQ/q5. w˚ct4v5 Economic development. Oil and inuusiq iqianarniqsauvuq sulijumik gry5tx3mb wobE/sicDmAt4 ®Ns- gas. Gold mining. Diamond drilling. uqaqtailimalluni. Takusimavunga tatami- /cExc3mb, iDx6bs/Exc6ht4, Corporate responsibility? Ethical naqquummariktumik – imarmik kuviju- x7ml r4fgw8N3k5 v8ah4tbs/E- standards? All these high-powered mik – arnait aksuruqtitaunnginniqsau- xc6ht4. forces with their Internet presence liqsutik ammalu salumannarniqsaq. xbctŒAt4f5 bf/sF5, xbctŒ- have created palpable tensions among Pivalliajuliriniq. Uqsualuliriniq gaa- At4f5 ei3i6, xbctŒAt5, yM3Jx3u the tundra peoples. saliiliriniq. Qanusaqsiurniq ujaraktari- xbctŒAt4f5 bf/sF4~lw5, S˜6b- Bill Gates, the American computer arnikkut. Ikuutaliriniq diamond-nut. s8ax3F5, cEbs/4ƒDt5, xbymi6, shaman, turned to print to get his Pivalliattitijiit pijaksaqarningit pittiar- cspc5bsti6, vtm8ax3i6 — message across in his book, The Road nirmut? Pittiarnirmut maligaqarniq? bm4fx5 xgZ4nw5 xqJx¬K5¡ wkw5 Ahead. The Inuit understand that Ta makkuat sanngijualuuqattaqtut ata- W?9oxJ1N3ix6X5 x3ÇAi k∫i4V he is a rich person, and they find qatigiigutikkullu takujauviqaqtuit nunamiutanut inungnut isuigijauqat- taqput ikpingnallariktumik. Tainna Bill Gates, amialikamiutaq qaritaujalirinirmik angakkuunguniraq- tara, titiralauqpuq unikkaarmik tukisi- jaujumalluni, The Road Ahead taijaulluni uqalimaaganga. Inuit tukisiumasimavut taanna kiinaujalijjuangungmat, ammalu upigijangit. Inuuqatikkat tukisittiarmata ilitarijauniqarumagutik kiinaujaqaria- qarmata, niruaqtaujariaqaqsutik, ammalu kikkutuinnarnut kanngusuktitaujaria- qaqsutik. Ataqatigiigutikkut takujauvit, ataqa- tigiigutikkut qinirniq, ataqatigiigutit, silarjuarmi ataqatigiigutikkut takujau- ∑¡ wkgcdtcC5b x7ml w˚y5t8i that impressive. My people under- viksaaluit, pulaaqtaunnguarvit, qaritau- xg6ym/cC5b moZ4ni4. stand that the only language the jakkuurutit, atasimaniq, qaujiqattauti- W?9oxicExc6S6 yKi3j5 — status quo understands is money, niq, katimannguarniq – tamakkuat atu- W0JtQ9lQ5 hDyK5 sF4vK9l. s9lu- votes, and public embarrassment. gaksait angijualuuvut! Inuit pivallia- sJ6 sF4vw5 whmos6tsix6gw5 Web sites, surfing, the internet, jungnarniaqpat arraaguni nutaanik? Ii! ckw5gu4 yKi4nc3ix3mΩ5t8i4 the World Wide Web, home pages, Inutuqaqutiqaratta ammalu inuusittinni x3ÇAi k∫a˜6gi4. software, online, chat rooms – cyber- atuqsimajaqaratta maligaksanik. vtmcbs~6gz vNboµj5 kNc6- space is big! Can the Inuit cope with Pivallianiqariaqaqpuq sivunirmut – √6gw5 w6vNw/4n6∫Dt4nq5b u4~- the millennium? Yes! We have our pijjutigillugit surusivut uvikkavullu. k5 xg¿u vtm3Jx3F1u. scctQJ1- elders and our life experiences to Ullumiujuq uvikkait isumaliuqtiuniaqtuit NMs6X4v5 bw4fx5 sF4vw5 sWQ/- guide us. qanuittumik sivuniksaqarniarmangaat- sJ4n5, sWQMs6X4vl WJmic5tx3- Development is about the future – tinnik arraaguni nutaangulaaqtunik. iq8k5, whm©iq8k5 x7ml x4hDDm- about our children and young people. Katimaqataulauqtunga Kanatalima- ?1iq8k5. w6vsmtbsymKzl s?z Today’s youth are the ones who will amut nunaqaqqaaqtuit iqqanaijaksaq- wkFx¬9lz x3Ns9lz ttC6tsZm, determine what the tomorrow of the taarutiksangitta miksaanut Ottawami xˆNQ/s9lz, x4hÎtcc5bCml twenty-first century will look like. katimarjuarvingmi. Uqaqatigijungna- eg3z4v5 yKi4nq5b u4~k5, x7ml I recently attended the National lauqpakkat taikkuat uvikkait upigijau- whµlc5b6hzl ckw5gu4 yM3J- Aboriginal Career Symposium at the juksat, upigilauqpakkalu pijumaniqat- x3u4 w˚Fc3ixEx4nq8i5 yKi3u Ottawa Congress Centre. I had an tiarninginnut, isumatuuninginnut w˚yq8i5. opportunity to chat – in person – ammalu aksururumavangninginnut.

12 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 wkFxlw5, ˙3l r4fgw8N6tg5, with these remarkable young people, Iqqaumatitausimavungalu uvanga Inu- xuhxl1i4 xy0p6X9oxJc6gw5 w˚- and they inspired me with their vialuullunga arnaullunga titiraqtiugama, yq8i5. xqJxl1u4 W/4nc6SA5- energy, creativity, and commitment. anaanagijaullunga, aksuruutiqaqattara- bs6 xg5txChx3i3u4 bm4fNi4 They reminded me as I looked back malu qiturngakkat sivuniksangitta mik- cEbs/4ƒ6gi4 k∫aJi4, s?A5 on my brief history as an Inuvialuk saanut, ammalu isumaaluqattaqsungalu bm4fNi4 xgDmc5b6©JtA5. bft5t- woman that I am not only a writer, qanuittumik silarjuarmik inuuviqarni- yµi4SA5 yM3Jx3usb3k5 sWAh1i5- but also a mother who is deeply ariaksanginnit sivunirmi inuusinginnit. t8i4, v2Wx5bwi5t8i4, w˚5txChx3- concerned with the future of my own Inuvialuit, suurlu kikkutuinnaqtitut, i5t8i4, x7ml x4hDw8Nc5b3i5t8i4, children, and with the shape of the amisualungnik asijjiqpalliajuqaqtuit bw5hmi srs6b6gu yK9oFi5 future world in which they will live inuusinginnit. Angijualungmik pijak- bwmw5©Qxcc5bMs3mb. X3N4ymKA5¡ most of their lives. saqaqpuguttauq atuttiarasuarnirmik xbsy3u4 ttC4v8iDmKz w0Jx6- Inuvialuit, like all people, are tamakkunanik qaritaujakkuuqtunik ym/C scoµZ3u5 yK9o6Ùu4 sco- again facing great change in our lives. nutaangujunik, uvagut tamakkunanik µ6ym/8i5 c9lˆt©6g6: “WQx3i3u4 The responsibility for what we do aturumaqattaqtuujutigut. Takutittisi- scsy6 w2S6.” with this new technology is a very maanikpugut silarjuarmiutarnut upi- great one for all of us who have intel- gusungnittinnik, kappiattainittinnik, lectual interests. We have already inuuttiarasuarnittinnik, ammalu aksu- shown the world our dignity, courage, ruinnaqattarnittinnik, taitsumani uki- honour, and perseverance, that set uqtaqtumi sivullivinit taimaittuugia- the standard by which my Old North qaqattalaurmata. Parnaksimavugut! ancestors were judged. We are ready! Atausirmik titirakkannirumavunga I’d like to leave you with this divine ijjuaqsimajara uqalimaagarmit sivulliq- line from the first book I ever read paamik uqalimaaqsimajannit qallunaat- in English: “In the beginning was ituuqtuq: “Pigiarnirmik uqausiq ippuq.” the word.”

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 13 Îy wc9oJ6 si4√6g6 xW6h6bsi6 bm8N vJytbsMs6S6 wkoEpgc4f5 WoExcMs6t9lQ5 vt6hwi3u4 si4√3i4.

INTERVIEW WITH ROSIE IQALLIJUQ This interview took place as part of the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Library Oral History Project.

ROSIE IQALLIJUQ UNIKKAAQTUQ Apiqsuqtauniq tamanna kajusititaulauqpuq inulirijituqakkut piliriaqalauqtillugit katiqsuinirmik unikkaanik.

w[lo1usb6 wkgc6 Îy wc9oJ6 Igloolik elder Rosie Iqallijuq discusses Iglulingmiutaq inutuqaq Rosie Iqallijuq si4√6S6 wkw5 w˚ys?Ms6bq8i4 past and present Inuit life in this unikkaaqpuq inuit inuusiuvalauqtangin- bw5hmi s9lul, xW6h6bs9li Îb interview with Rhoda Innuksuk. nik taitsumani ullumilu, apiqsuqtaulluni wk4h1u5. Rhoda Innuksungmit. Rosie Iqallijuq: I am originally xwFo1usbFix¬Zmo Ùi, w[loÛ3- from the Kivalliq region. I was born Aivilingmiutavinialuugamali paani, J1u WD6niƒ9lz WuB≈, ciQ/- in Qatiktalik, near Igluligaarjuk Igluligaarjungmi piruqsanikuullunga zi w[loÛ3Ô2 ct4bo1u w˚iƒP- (Chesterfield Inlet), and was raised pimihaa, qanigijangani Igluligaarjuup I6Sz, bw4fx[o xzJçM4∫4v4 in Igluligaarjuk. Qatiktalingmi inuunikuu&&aqpunga, xˆNZ k=F/s9li x∫b9M4∫C bw8N My real mother was Nuvvija and taikkuagli angajuqaallaktaakkak anaanaga w5goxa9li, ∫4fx4 xzJç9M4∫- my father, who died shortly after I Nuvvijaulluni ataatallaktaara tainna EMsC4r4. x∫b9M4∫Co bw8N w˚Zu was born, was Ituliaq. I was born Ittuliangulluni, taakkuak angajuqaallak- sW3Ω4f5 srsgw8N6t9lA yˆox6Lt4 in the summer, and my real father taarilaurakkik. Ataatallaktaarali tainna yfDl1u4 suxcCh4Li N5t3iCu xw4- died the following winter down at inuugami upirngaakkut ukiutuinnaqtil- OCh4Li xkÇo6gx¬8i3m5 ∫8Nl the floe-edge. He caught a seal down lugu sinaaliaq&utik sikurulungmik umi- Nvgw8N6Li wµÅMs6ym8i3m5. sW3- in the sea and used an ice pan to go aqarasuk&uni nattirnirami aik&irasu- Ωz w˚Zm srsgw8N6t9lA, bw8N and get it. The wind picked up and k&uni anuraaliqtualuunnirmat taannalu x∫b9M4∫C w5gox6 w˚J1•Ms6- the ice chipped off, loosening his nakatuinnaq&uni imaaguulauqsiman- ym8i3m5 b4Ùi w[loÛ3Ô2 ciQ/zi4. rope, and he drowned. That’s how nirmat. Upirngaanga inuugama ukiutu- b[? v2WxN6 kvEMs3mAÅ6, bw4- my real father Ituliaq died, near innaqtillugu, tainna ataatallaktaara hm w5gox2 x∫bm. ∫4fN•8i6Lk4 Igluligaarjuk. Ittuliaq inuujungniilauqsimannirmat takpaani Igluligaarjuup qanigijanganik. Ta gva Kappianaq nukarilaurmagu- guuq, taiksuma Ittuliap ataatama. Taak- kunaniinniq&unuk uitaara tagva Pijau- suittuq tusarnirami qangiarigamiuk taanna anaanaga aijaupkarniq&unitik- kuk, amautinganii&&unga suli suu- qaimma nalliutisimannginnama. Ataa- takuluga taanna Kullu tiguangaguuq taakkuat Pijausuittukkut uitaarilirni- q&uniuk ilaak aallajuaqunngi&&uni- unnguuq anaanaga pingigilluniuk aal- langanik nuliaqtaarigiaksanganik. Îy wc9oJ6 Taakkunaniinginnalilauqsimanniran- Rosie Iqallijuq nuk. Igluligaarjungmi tagva pihaak, John MacDonald

14 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 sw∫C b[? W/shw5g6 gn3iCu We ended up living with igluqsiaksaqalirnirmat qallunaaqarnia- cqxEZus4 ∫8N xˆNZ xw/s2v- Kappianaq, my father’s younger liqtillugu niuviqtitaqalirnirmat tagvani 3i6Lit4f4, xmstz•Liz ho brother. Then when Pijausuittuq anaanakkukkak pitaannginniq&utik ˙cw7m N9ostym8q8Nm. x∫bflZ heard the news he sent for my sanajiulirniq&utik, uvangali suqqui- ∫8N f9l tAxzÅ6 ∫4fx5 W/sh- mother, his niece. I was just a small sunngittunga qaujimalaunnginnama. w5g4f5 sw∫Eo3i6Lis4 w˜4 ≈9M- child, not even a year old, when we Iksirarjuallu tagvaullutik taakkuat Jxd8qPLis8å6 xˆNZ WqQ9- went to live with my mother’s uncle. iglutaaq&utigluguuq uvanga inuu- lis4 ≈9Mzi4 kox6∫EQx4nzi4. He had an adopted son named Kublu, lauqsimagama Igluligaarjungmi qallu- ∫4fN•q8NoMs6ym8iC8k4. w[loÛ3- whom I called Ataatakuluk. Kappianaq naanik iksirarjuaqaliq&unilu inuullun- J1u b[? WB≈4, w[l6yx4nco3i3m5 was worried about my mother and galu taimannailaurnirmat. Takpaanili c9lˆc3ixo6t9lA isF6tbco3i3m5 decided not to let her marry a stranger Igluligaarjungmi piruqsanikuujunga b[?i xˆN4f4v4 W∫8q8i6Lt4 in case he abused her. He decided to kisianik tajanik arraaguqaliq&unga nNpso3i6Lt4, s?zo h6fwh8- keep us in the family and arranged ataatakuluga itigakkut qiqittualuulau- q5gz cspmMs8q8Nm. for Kublu, his adopted son, to marry qsimangmat avunga haalitiiq&utik w4yC3Jx9l b[?s9lt4 ∫4fx5 my mother. We lived with them akianut Igluligaarjuup akittianganut w[l∫6Lt[lÅ6 s?z w˚Ms6ymZm from that time on and moved to nattiiqattarniaramik aivvaqattarnia- w[loÛ3J1u c9lˆi4 w4yC3Jxco6- Igluligaarjuk where my parents found ramik tauvunga aullaaq&utik. Tagvali Lil w˚9lzl bwm8NwMs3i3m5. employment. I don’t recall this myself anuraaliijaungmata amma asiukasang- b4Ùio w[loÛ3J1u WD6niƒJz because I was still very young. nikuulluni kingmingik qiqittualuun- ryxi4 b/i4 x3ÇAco6Lz x∫bflZ The Hudson’s Bay Company built niq&utik tikittualuulauqsimangmat, wtZ4f5 ee5gx¬Ms6ym1m5 xKz the first house in Igluligaarjuk the Igluligaarjungmut utikkannituinnali- B≈o†6Lt4 xrxk5 w[loÛ3Ô2 xr5t- year I was born. The Catholic church lauqsimagatta, aujaqsijjuumingmallu xzk5 N5†c5b3ixCu4 xw=?c5b3- was also built the same year. [The umiarjuakkut aullarujjaulluni. ixCu4 bsKz xs9˜6Lt4. b[?o HBC post and RC mission were built Ii takpaanili inuunikualuujunga, xkÇø/s1mb x7m xysvn1iƒ9li in 1912.] They said that I was born kisianili tuajanik arraaguqaliq&unga, r1uq4 ee5gx¬8i6Lt4 tr5gx- the year the Catholic priests got their aakka ilavanik arraaguqaq&unga, ¬Ms6ym1m5, w[loÛ3J1j5 st4v8ig- house. As my parents worked for the aijaugannuk pimunaa Sallimut. Aujak- w8NoMs6ymZ5b, xs/6y0Ôu1m9l Hudson’s Bay Company, I spent my kut Sallimii&&unuk ukiuq Sallimii&- sux3Jx4f5 xs9MD0/s9li. earlier years in Igluligaarjuk. &unuk, tualinnguq&utiglu arraaguuk- ∑ b4Ùio w˚ifx¬Jz, ryxio I was ten years old when my father kat Pituqqirmuurujjaulilauqsimagama gx/i4 x3ÇAco6Lz, ≈4v wM?i4 froze his feet. He was on holiday, irnirma ainnirmanga Qulittaliup x3ÇAc6Lz, xw/sZ8k4 Wjˆ n9oj5. and he had gone across the inlet to najani, uingali aullaqsimainnalirmat isiganisaqtaulaurmat, kingmiqarungni- irmat. Kisianili taatiinnik arraaguqa- liqtillunga tikilitainnalauqsimangmat ataatakuluga Pituqqirmiiliqtilluta tamaani Pituqqirmi.

Rhoda Innuksuk: Kikkunnili nunaqa- Deschâtelets Archives tiqarniq&usi?

Rosie Iqallijuq: Angakkunnik angakkuk taakkuak irnikkukkalu pikkulluqaa Siva- laakkullu taakkuat ataatakkunni, taak- kuatuakuluullutik nunaqaq&utik. Tiki- lauqsimangmat ataatakuluga kisianiktauq taakkuak angakkuukkak Naujaanut suna- gaqtaariaqtuq&utik tagvaakitaariaqtu- q&utik, tagvaakimik tusarngaulilauqsi- magama taitsumani, tagvaakitaariaqtu- wkw5 w[loÛ3J1u x3ÇAw5 !(@) xg6t9lQ5 q&utigluguuq sunagaqtaariaqtuq&utik Inuit at Igluligaarjuk, (Chesterfield Inlet) 1920s kisumiglu suuqaimma paanili nunattinni Inuit Igluligaarjungmi arraaguit 1920 atuqtillugit qarjuqaratta tipaaqarmata qarjuqarmata

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 15 sunakkaniit tipaaqaq&utiglu tagvaaki- miglu sunakkanillu tusarngauliq&unga.

Rhoda Innuksuk: Taissumanilikiaq niuvirviit kisunik qallunaaqsiutinik Deschâtelets Archives kisuqaqpangniqpat? Qallunaaqsiutauvalauqpalli niqiru- jungnik kisunik?

Rosie Iqallijuq: Ta makkuat tagvali Igluligaarjungmi piruqsallattaalaurama niqiqattiaquujijjutigillugu palaugaaq tii sukalu, niqaituqtualuulauratta kisullak- taanik ujjirinngitara. Taissumanili sivul- liit sanallutik sivataarviuliraangat niqai- tuqpalaurmata, imanna niqaiturjuaqtu- w4yC3Jx5 g4yx3Fq5 nN/so6t9lA w[loÛ3J1u !(!@-at9lA aluullutik. Niqitaaqtitautsiaqtualuu- The Catholic church under construction in Igluligaarjuk (Chesterfield Inlet), 1912 gatta niqimigluunniit nirijungnalaun- Iksirarjuat tuksiarvingit sanajauliqtillugu Igluligaarjungmi 1912-ngutillugu nginnama, niriqujausungarasukpaksunga anaanama niriquqattarmanga, tuqun- nariaksanginnik apirivak&ugu ukuat xs/4f5 n9o¨PLk4 srs6 n9o¨PLk4, hunt seals and walrus when he was tuktukkut nattikkut niriquliraangat gxo8a6Lt[l x3ÇÅ4v5 Wg6r3∆D0/- caught in a storm. Both heels were tuquniaqpungaqait – i – tuquniariak- soMs6ymZm w3i3m xw8i3mz do4- frozen so badly he nearly didn’t sannik! tamakkuningat qaujimajaqan- bos2 N/i, swzo xs9M6ymw8N- make it home. We headed back to ngittualuugama inuup niqinginnik o3m5 wyZin6bsMs3m5, r1ucD1•3m5. Igluligaarjuk as soon as he returned qaujimanngiluaqpunga. ryxio ∫†8i4 x3ÇAco6t9lz tro- to the camp, and he went south for bw8NMs6ym1m5 x∫bflZ Wg6r3¨- treatment that summer when the Rhoda Innuksuk: Ta issumaniutillugu- o6t9lb bµi Wg6r3u. ship came. likiaq makkuat angunasukpaktut kisu- That summer, when I was eleven, nik sugiutiqarniqpat? kisuggutiqalir- Îb wk4h4: r4f8io kNctc3i6LyV my mother and I went to Salliq niqpalli angunasukpaktut, kisungnig- (Southampton Island). Qulittalik likiaq pinajuutiqarmata? Îy wc9oJ6: xz4f8i4 xz4f4 took us there, to Pituqqiq, so he ∫4fx4 w3i4f4vl W4f9lç y?˜4f9l could look after us while my father Rosie Iqallijuq: Ta ikkualli angunngit- ∫4fx5 x∫b4f8i, ∫4fxgxf¬9lt4 was away. I was thirteen by the time taalugigakkit. Ikkuat aaqiliuqtunik kNc6Lt4. trMs6ym1m5 x∫bflZ he returned from hospital and came qaujimalaurmijunga sunakkiuqtunik. ryxi4bs6 ∫4fx4 xz4ƒ4v4 Ns÷k5 to Pituqqiq. Auktittilluni aqirrunik kusaksianiguuq hNZ6∫Ex6g6Lt4 b=¿r∫Ex6g6Lt4, aqirrunik taimanna sunagaliuqtut aqir- b=¿ru4 gn3zsoMs6ymZm bw5hmi, Rhoda Innuksuk: Who was in that rusiliuq&utik ilait sanaggujuijaq&utik b=¿r∫Ex6g6Lt[lÅ6 hNZ6∫Ex6- camp with you? sunagaliuqpalauqtunik qaujimalaurmi- g6Lt4 rhu[l ˙cw7m Ùio kN5t8i junga. Pikani Sallimiiliq&uta kisuluk- c3JcC5b tÙc3mb c3Jc3mb hN4v•5 Rosie Iqallijuq: Ava, Qulittalik, tunik qaujijariulitainnalauqsimagama tÙc6Lt[l b=¿ru[l hN4vi9l and Ivalaaq and his parents. Ava and qallunaat pinginnik ajuqsaqtunik tajanik gn3zso6Lz. his family went to Aivilik (Repulse ukiunik arraaguqaliq&unga qaujijariu- Bay) to buy ammunition and tobacco. litainnalaurama tipaangirutijunik Îb wk4h4: bw{hmiorx6 isF3Ï5 That was the first time I heard the kisuirutijunik tiingirutijunik qaujijari- rhi4 c9lˆ6ysti4 rhc6X1i6X5V term “tavaaki” (tobacco) and “suna- ulitainnalaurama taikkuali kisut angu- c9lˆ6ysbs?Ms6X9o ieDJ1i4 gaq” (ammunition), because we nasuutauvalauqtut ujjirinngittiaqtakkat. rhi4V called it “tipaak” and “qarjuk”. Rhoda Innuksuk: Makkuat qimuksiin- Îy wc9oJ6: bm4fx5 b[?o w[l- Rhoda Innuksuk: What did the narnuuqtillugit suli? oÛ3J1u WD6n9M5∫MsCm iec5tx∂- Hudson’s Bay Company sell in p0JtQ9lA XMsÛ6 † hvl, icwg6- those days? Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, qimuksiinnarnuuq-

16 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 ∫8N x0p8ax6 x7ml x0p8ax5 xyq5 tualuulauqtulli. Umiakkulli kisianik ∫4fx5 x0pos6bsJ5 w[loÛ3J1u JMw tallimaulauqsimajugut aujakkut taakkuak !(@^-u. wkw5 ∫4fx5 N9oxq8i4 Makkikkut, Makkik umiaqa&&aqpuq wob6yymF5V wob6y8iDF5 ttCMsE5 umianganuu&&aqpuguk Aullanaarlu wk4tg5 scoµZoEpk5. umiaqa&&aqpuq taakkutiguunnaq This photograph and the other unidentified Sallimualauqsimagannuk anaanagalu. portraits in this article were taken in Igluligaarjuk (Chesterfield Inlet) in July Ataatakulugali aullaqsimatillugu qallu- 1926. Can you identify any of these Inuit? naanut i&uaqsaijinut. Taimanna taima If so, please write to Inuktitut Magazine. qaujijariurutigililauqtara apummilu iglu- Taanna ajjinnguaq ammalu ajjinnguat taarnivut, tupiqaq&uta qallunaaqtamik L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099397 L.T. asingit taakkuat ajjiliuqtaujut Igluligaar- suuqaimma, iglutaaq&uta ukiurmat aula- jungmi julai 1926-mi. Inuit taakkuat saq&unilu iqalugasuk&uni tuktungna- nallianginnik ilitaqsisimavit? suk&uni qaujijariulitainnalauqsimajunga Ilitaqsinniruvit titiralaurit Inuktitut iglutaaq&utalu ikkiirulungaa, suuqaim- uqalimaagalirijinut. mali pikanili sanallutik anaanakkuukkak tupiruluamik iglurjuaqainnalauqsima- gatta piruqsaninnik taikani. Rosie Iqallijuq: I was brought up gx¬MsC5b rh9M4∫i4 s0pE8qbC. in Igluligaarjuk where they had flour, Rhoda Innuksuk: Tamannali amauri- bw{hmio yK9ø5 nN9lt4 y?∫3Fs- tea, and sugar. We also got a ration lauqtavit inuusirilauqtanginnik ajjigin- oÇz5 icwg6XMs3mb, wm8N icw- every Saturday – plenty of every- ngiliq&uniuk? g3Jx6gx¬9lt4. ie∫6tbs5yx6- thing. I don’t remember it all, because gx¬Z5b ieu[¬8•5 iEJ1NMs8- we had many things. All the work- Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, ajjiginngitangit, q8Nm, iEd/shzCh4X4hz xˆNm ers in the settlement were very well tamanna taikkuali itturilauqtakka naju- iEdc5b3mz, gd8NEx4nq8i4 xW- looked after, and given plenty of launnginnakkit tagvani anaanakkunni- E? 4hA sfx5 g4g4f5 N5t4f5 iEd- food every Saturday. I never had inginnaq&unga qiturngatuangullunga. oÇz5 gdix6Szcw5 — w — much country food. I only had it Tagva Sallimi taakkuninga kisianik gdixEx4n8i4¡ bm4fiz5 cspm/c8- occasionally when my mother served arraaguqaliq&unga Sallimiiliratta, q5gx¬Zm w˚2 ieq8i4 cspm8- me some caribou or seal. I used to aninganik Aksarakkut amma Qusagait qlx6Sz. ask her whether it was good, or if it Pamiulik uitaaralu taakkuat qimuksiq- might be poisonous. I used to think tunik nattirasugiaqtunik nauliriaqtunik Îb wk4h4: bw{hmist9lAorx6 ilauqatigiqattainnaliq&ugit nukappi- m4fx5 xaNh4X4g5 rhi4 hQstc3- anguqatauliq&unga. Iiruluk! i6X5V rh[Atco3i6X9o xaNh4- X4g5, rh1i[orx6 WNÔtc3mbV Rhoda Innuksuk: Ikkuat amaukkutilli ittukkutilli takpaanirmiutaugillutik? Îy wc9oJ6: bw4fx9o xa8q5∫- lQZ4r5. w4fx5 ≈eos6gi4 cspm- Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii takpaanirmiutain- Ms3uJz hN4rs6gi4. xs4t5t9li naaluulaurmatali taikkuat. Amaukkali xe3Di4 fn4yxiÅ6 xe3Di4 bwm8N taikkuak inuujungniilaurnirmata inu- hNZos6g5 xe3Dyos6Lt4 wMw5 uqqaaqtinnanga. Taikkuahaak, Ataguar- nN[AJw/6Lt4 hNZos6XMs6gi4 jusikkut Qingailitakkut uigiik, taikkuak cspmMs3uJz. Wvi n9o¨o6Lb amaurilaurnirmagit anaanama, ningiu- rhl4gi4 csp/Esobw8NMs6ymZm Richard Harrington/National Archives PA112097 rilaurnirmagit anaanakkuma irnikumut, c9lˆ5 Wq8i4 xJ6n6gi4 b/i4 ingna Ataguarjusikuluk tainna qiturn- srsi4 x3ÇAco6Lz csp/Esob- giuqtullaaluunnirmijuq iliuqtualuunni- w8NMsCm tÙqDtJi4 rhwDtJi4 do5bo4 ∫8N xu5g3usk5 yKostsMs6S6. q&uni paniqauq&uni. Taitsumani tamajja †qDtJi4 csp/Esobw8NMsCm x0p8ax6 x0pos6bsJ6 !(%#-u. nanituinnaq ilagiirujualuulilauqput, bw4fxo rh5 xaN˙bs?Ms6g5 Qulittalik was a well-known Amitturmiut ilagiirujuit maanirmiullu uqqurmiullu s0pE8q5tx6b4v5. leader. This photo was taken in 1953. aivilingmiullu taitsuma qiturngangit Qulittalik taanna amitturmiunut avungarnikuungmataguuq taimanna Îb wk4h4: m4fx5 ej4¥8N3˚6t9lQ5 sivuliutiulauqpuq. Ajjinnguaq ajjiliuqtaujuq ilagiik unuqsijualuit, nunaqqatigiinn- hoV 1953-mi. gittugut ilagiirujualuujugut, ilaqarvi-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 17 that I would die if I ate it – I wasn’t gijaalugijavut taimanna, taatsuma brought up on it. amisunnguqtiluarmatigut.

Rhoda Innuksuk: What kind of Rhoda Innuksuk: Taitsumanili qallu- hunting equipment did they use? najjiaqtut asingit ilaak inuilli suli nuna- lingmiutaugialuqqaaqtinnagit taitsumani? Rosie Iqallijuq: In Salliq I remember them making their own ammunition Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, qallunaajjianik tik- using gunpowder. I was ten, and it itauvalauqsimajugut angutainnaulauq- was the first time I had been any- pak&utik aullaanuaqsilauqpak&utik L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099345 L.T. where where they actually ran out of qimuksiinnakkut suuqa asianik pijjutik- store-bought items – we always had saqannginnamik. Ilangit pakkuat asiar- everything in Igluligaarjuk – but in miungulauqtut Qamani’tuarmiut pin- Salliq they ran out of things, like flour, gasukulungniglu qimmiqaqpak&utik, sugar, tea, tobacco, and so on. And I taaggualuit! pirliraqtillugit tusaqsauva- certainly don’t recall what they used k&utik, Sallirmiiliqtillutali qallunaanit mr4, n9o3u mwu !(@^-at9lA. for hunting or the tools they used. pingajuuqtaulilauq&utik sinaami tai- Makik, at Salliq (Southampton Island) manna kaakpangningit tamakkuat in May 1926. Rhoda Innuksuk: Were they still pirliqtuqaqattarningit qallunaaqauliq- Makik, Sallirmi maimi 1926-ngutillugu. travelling by dog team? saalillutik iglulik una qallunaaqtaarna- saaqtualuulaunngittiammarilauqtuq. Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes. That was the Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, ej4¥8N3˚6gx¬M- only form of transportation in winter, Rhoda Innuksuk: Pirliraqtuqaqpan- s6g9o. sux4f9o ryxi4 b9oms- but we went to Salliq with Makik on nginninganuqqai? Ms6ymJA5 xs/4f5 ∫4fx4 m4r4f5 his boat. Aulanaaq travelled with us. m4r4 suxcPI6S6 suxz˚PI6SA4 When my father went south for Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, kaakpannginni- xs9Mˆ3l suxcPI6S6 ∫4ftÅ8N6 treatment that was quite an experi- nginnut. Kisuqanngirulukpakkalua- n9ojxMs6ymZ8k4 xˆNZl. x∫bflZo ence for me. It was the first time my q&utik imanna sunagairutirujuk- xs9M6ymt9lA c9lˆk5 wLx6nw- mother and I lived in an igloo. It kaangamiluqait ilaanniunniqpakkalu- pk5. bwm8N bwm csp/EsDtQo- seemed very cold because my parents aq&utik kaaktuqalauqsimanngittut. Ms6bC xS7ul w[l∫3iK5, gWc6Lb had had a little house at Igluligaarjuk. Maaniiliqtillunga kaaktuqalauqsimajuq c9lˆ6bu4 ˙cw7m, w[l∫6Lb sr- This was my first exposure to the ukuat ukuarma Alexinaap angajuq- s3m5 xsMn6Lil wclZh4Li g4g1- camping life – hunting and fishing – qaangit asingillu taikkuat kaalauqsima- Nh4Li csp/Esobw8NMs6ymJz because life was very different when julli kisianik taakkuat uivut agjaqsillu- w[l∫6Lbl w4®DlΩ, ˙cw7mo Wvio my parents were working and had tik niqinik tikiutingmagit salluku- nN9lt4 xˆN4ƒ4v4 gWDlxu4 w[l3J- everything they needed. luulauqsimajut inuuqatigiit kaaktu- xcw8NMs6ymZ5b WD6ni8i4 bwvi. vinikuluit tamakkuat. Iglulingmiiqa- Rhoda Innuksuk: The life you had tigililauqsimajavulli aujarmallu Avvaj- Îb wk4h4: bm8No xmsEMs6bF5 must have been very different from jarqatigijauvak&utik tamaanirmiu- w˚yEMs6bq8i4 x0pQ8qo6Lis4V the lives of your great-grandparents. taulauqsimajut.

Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, x0pQ8qbq5, Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, but I never lived Rhoda Innuksuk: Angajuqqaatiktauq bm8N bw4fxo w5gEMs6b4v NJM- with them. I was always with my tamaunga nuukkillutik? s8q8N4r5 b[?i xˆN4f•q8N6Lz mother as the only child. She raised eg3zgxa9lz. b[? n9ou ∫4fiz me. I was ten when my mother and Rosie Iqallijuq: Nuuqammialulauq&utik ryxi4 xÇAco6Lz n9o¨oC5b, xi- I moved to Salliq. It was there that sivullirmik qiturngaqtaalauqtunga tama- zi4 x4nC4f5 x7m dnZw5 Xuso4 I started going out on hunting trips ungaqtillugillu qiturngiulilauq&unga. sw∫Cl ∫4fx5 ej4y6gi4 N5tChQ- with the boys – and that change x6gi4 NsoEx6gi4 wMsctQc5- turned me into one of the boys like Rhoda Innuksuk: Taakkualli qiturngatit bw8No6LQ5 kv2Wxacbso6Lz. ∑Dl4¡ Pamiulik and Qusagaq. tamaani inuuliq&utik?

Îb wk4h4: w4fx5 xms4ft9o w5g4- Rhoda Innuksuk: Were your Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii tamaani inuuli- ft9o b4Ùi3usbsQ9lt4V grandparents from the Kivalliq too? q&utik, tamaanirmiutaullutik. Ua

18 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ b4Ùi3usbw8ˆ¬M- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, we were all piusugivalauqpunga Amitturmiutau- s3mbo bw4fx5. xms4vo bw4fx4 from there, but my grandparents liq&ungali ua! w˚J1•Ms3i3mb w˚ç6t8Nz. bw4- died before I was born. My mother’s fxB≈4, xbAx3Jy4f5 ezwob4f5 great-grandparents were Qingailitaq Rhoda Innuksuk: Taima amittumut swŒ4, bw4fx4 xmsEMs3i3mQ5 xˆ- and Ataguaqjugusiq, who had many nuukkavit uvunga Iglulingmut nuna- Nm, iqsEMs3i3mQ5 xˆN4fm w3i- sons and daughters. That’s why so taarniqpisi uvvaluunniit asianik? fj5, w1N xbAx3Jyfl4 bw8N e- many people are related. They had g3qs6g9˜¬8i3uJ6 wos6gx¬8- many children who spread all over – Rosie Iqallijuq: iglulingmiutauliq&uta i6Li Xics6Li. bw5hmi bm0/ that’s why there are so many of us. tamaaninginnalaunngittugut avanili Nigw8N6 wMŒDJx¬oMs6S5, wMŒ- Pilingmiutauniraqtauqattaqsimangmiju DJw5 µi3us9l s6f3us9l xwFo1- Rhoda Innuksuk: Was the commu- guk uigalu, ilangit annuraaqariaqarmata us9l bw5hm eg3zq5 xKz3i- nity small when you were a child? annuraaksanigasumut inugiaktualuu- ƒ1mbÅ6 bwm8N wMŒ4 sk6yJxlw5, laurmata ilagiit taakkuat nukangit kN6vtŒ8q5gA5 wMŒDJx¬JA5, Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes. The only people angajungit sunauvva ikkuat nungulaaq- wMc3FQ÷lQ/K5 bwm8N, b5hm we saw were those who came in to tut. Ilagiittiaqtualuullutik maannatuu- xuh8a6tlx3mtA5. trade, mostly men. Once in a while ratik maannali makkuat imanna saki- some families would come in with minik anaanaminik ajuriqsuujaulauqsi- Îb wk4h4: bw5hmio c9lN0px6g5 just a few dogs. The people of the majut ilinniariaqarninginnut ilinnia- xyq5 w˜4 wkw9o ho kNo1usb- Qamanittuaq (Baker Lake) area were raanikkaangamiglu kisugiaqanngimmata sQxlç6t8NQ5 bw5hmiV often starving to death. Dog teams sivuliaqarmata. Taimanna angajuqqaa- were the only means of transporta- mingnit uqaujjausimanngimut tamajja Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, c9lˆ0pxi4 trb- tion. We saw many people who were ilagiingnirmik tukiqarungniirutivuq. s?Ms6ymJA5 xabw8NsMs6X4Lt4 nearly starving. The Hudson’s Bay Niqiliruluk qaujimallugu imanna ingna xs9˜kx6yMs6X4Lt4 ej4¥8N4f5 ˙c Company established their posts in ilagijat imanna ilinniaqtuqaqqaaqtin- xyxi4 W0Jt4nc8q8Nu4. wMq5 places where starvation was common. nagu qallunaaqtaqaqqaaqtinnagu anga- X4fx5 xyx3usaMs6g5 cmi’gx3- That’s why Igloolik was one of the juit irniliillu angajuni nukamit qitur- us5 Wzhfl1i[l e7uc6X4Lt4, last places to have white people, ngamini ilagijangit upaqattaq&ugit, innaaluillu upaksaaliqattaq&ugit imaili- uqtaugamik taimanna ataatama ilangit akkagi&&aqpakkat attagi&&aqpakkat anaanama ilangit angagi&&aqpakkat ajagi&&aqpakkat, tamakkuat qaujima- titaungmata taimanna ilagiittiarnirmik atausirmiglu kisu piqarungniiraangat tunivaglugu piqarungniiraangallu pingi- givaglugu una kisu arnaqatiga akkaga- luunniit anguqattaqput ilirasuqujaun- ngimut taimanna ilagiingnirmik qauji- mattiarutigilauqtangat maannali uqauj- L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099588 L.T. jauqattanngilunut taimanna inugiaksilua- mullu uimaqutigiilimut katimajualuit aksururungniiqquujijjutigivangat ilangin- nut. Makkuat kingullikuluuvaktut qallu- naaqaliqtillugu piruqtukuluuliqtut.

Rhoda Innuksuk: Taimalikiaq kisu pijjutigillugu inuit nunalingnut kati&&aliqpat? ∫4fx5 eg3z‰5 cspmFQ5V x0pos6bsJ5 vXi4f5 isF3Fzi n9o3i !(@^-at9lA ≈Zyu. Do you know this family? They were photographed at the Hudson’s Bay Company post at Rosie Iqallijuq: I&uaqsaijinut katiti- Southampton Island in August 1926. taujut makkuat. Sanirajangmiutaulauq- Taakkuat qiturngariit qaujimavigit? Ajjiliuqtaujut kapanikkut niuvirvingani Sallirni simagatta maanili taakkuat sakikka 1926-ngutillugu aagasimi. inuujungniirmata angajungallu inuu-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 19 ∫[Axlw5¡ W3oC6t9lQ5 gn6ns?4Lt4, because they always had food. Some- n9o3¨o6t9lbo c9lˆi5 WzÔ6bs- times they ran low on supplies, but oMs6Lt4 yˆu bwm8N √4X1iq5 hunting was good in this area. The bm4fx5 W3o6gcc5b3iq5 c9lˆc- only people I ever saw hungry here so6~o9lt4 w[lo4 sN c9lˆ6∫3- were my daughter-in-law Alexina’s N~6gx¬Ms8q5tx7mEMs6g6. parents. Our family took them food, and then brought them to Avvajjar. Îb wk4h4: W3oC6gc6X8q8iz- k6vwV Rhoda Innuksuk: Did your parents move here too? Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, √4X8q8iq8k5. Burwash/National Archives PA099399 L.T. rhc8qDl4X4vlx6Lt4 wm8N hNZ- Rosie Iqallijuq: They moved here wDtDJ4√zulcw5 w˜8is8i6X4vl- before I had any children. x6Lt4 √4gcMs6ym8q5g5. µ•o6- t9lz √4gcMs6ymJ6 sfx5 sfx3m Rhoda Innuksuk: Were all your xo4yˆ2 xzJ6√q5 xyq9l bw4fx5 children born in this area? √Ms6ymJ9o ryxi4 ∫4fx5 swK5 jungniirmat Akuainnuuk angajugillu- x[/6y9lt4 iei4 trst1mQ5 n9l- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, all of them were niuk angutiqatigigamiuk najugarina- f¬Ms6ymJ5 w˚ctŒ5 √4gFiflw5 born up here, and I used to boast sulirattikku taikani Akunirmi Nuq- bm4fx5. w[lo1¨ctQoMs6ym/K9o about the fact that I have become sarnaaqtukkunni nunaqaqatigiiqatta- xs/3m9l x=?0/3¨ctQ/s?4Lt4 an Amitturmiutaq [a person from lauqsimagattigut innatuqaaluuliq&u- bµi3usbsMs6ymJ5. the Igloolik area]. nuk ukuak ataatakkungit angajungit inuujungniirmata najungiq&ituarilira- Îb wk4h4: xzJ6√t4bs6 bmsz Rhoda Innuksuk: When you moved miuk taanna angajugilluniuk angutik- ˚4r9lt4V to the Amittuq region did you go to kunni taakkunani taikanirmiutaulilauq- Igloolik? simajugut suli qallunaaqaqqaaqtinnagu. Îy wc9oJ6: ˚c7uxlMs6Lt4 Uilaura tagva irningata anaanama quk- yK9o3u4 eg3z6∫Ms6gz bms- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, we lived here iqtarulugilauqsimangmagu niungagut z6t9lQ9l eg3qsoMs6Lz. but my husband and I quite often aanniarviliaqtitaulluni tingmisuukkut lived in Piling, in order to provide aijaulauqsimangmat. Taikali uvagulli Îb wk4h4: ∫4fx9o eg3zt5 bµi better for our families, because my taikani painginnaq&uta taavanirmiu- w˚o6Lt4V husband was from a large family. taunginnaqtualuulilauqsimajugulli. He had many brothers and sisters – Suli taikkuat, aakka, tikisimaliqtillugu Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ bµi w˚o6Lt4, they are all gone now. They were taikkuahaak Dewlinemiut unataqtuk- bµi3usbs9lt4. sx WshQ?Ms6Sz well organized, and the family kin- sauniraqtauvak&utik taika Sanirajak xu5g3usbso6Lzo sx¡ ship was a lot closer. Every child Nuqsarnaarmiitilluta qallunaaqtaali- knew exactly who his uncles and lauqsimajuq. Qallunaaqauliqtillugu Îb wk4h4: bwm xu5gj5 ˚4vF5 aunts and cousins were, and from niuviqtimiglu iksirarjuarnillu igluqaar- sKz w[lo1j5 kN∫3i6Wy s=?¬8•5 which side of the family. Then all juliqtillugit. Ii tauvaniinginnaqtualuu- xyxi4V the cousins were made to know their lauratta uvungali niurrulilauqsimavugut roots and their relatives and their i&uaqsaijit tagva i&uaqsaijini sanali- Îy wc9oJ6: w[lo1usbso6Lb roles as family members, unlike today. q&ungalu tauvani tikitauqattaqpallial- bµiq8NMs8q5gA x?io Wo1- Parents or in-laws don’t have a chance luta aanniarviliaqujaujunik. Taikunga usbsiC6bsc5b6ym1uJA4 swZl, to educate their children about all katijjuumiliq&utik amma tagva amir- wMq5 x8kÇcExc3mb x8kÇ4niZhj5 these things any more because chil- luktualuulirmata taavakkuat maani wkQx4gx¬Ms3mb wMŒ5 ∫4fx5 kv- dren are spending a lot of time in akiarmiungujut taakkuat ilangit. Tag- q5 xzJq5 hNs=? w4fx5 ka˜6- school losing touch with their roots. vungalu i&uaqsaijinuttauq tikiqujau- g5. wMŒ5tx6gx¬9lt4 µ8N©Ct4 That’s why kinship is not what it used gamik tagvunga Iglulingmut katiktu- µ8No m4fx5 wm8N nrui4 xˆNui4 to be. We were told to work together aluuliqput ammalu taakkuat maanirmi- xJE6˙/sMs6ymJ5 wo8ixExc3iq8k5 and visit the elders as a matter of rou- ungullutik ilangit uvani Iglulingmiun- wo8ixÇi4√zu[l ehoEQxc8q7mb tine, and stay close to our relatives by gullutik Sanirajangmuaqtualuullutik. yKoxc3mb. bwm8N xzJçu1i5 providing them with what they need- Taimanna taakkunungat katingnikut scs0/sym8qj5 bm0/ wMŒ1i3u4 ed. Our relatives did the same. kisianik kiturngiurungniiqtillunga. Ii.

20 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 grcD1•DtK6. ieoDl4 cspm9lA I&uaqsaijit taimanna katitaurujungnikut wm8N w1N wMQ/5 wm8N wo8ix6g- tagva marruinnaullutik taimanna katima- cç6t8NA c9lˆ6bcç6t8NA xzJw5 jut. Nunaqqatigiit amisuruqpalliajut. w3iø9l xzJi kvu5 eg3zui wM- Q/q5 sXc5b6LQ5, w8ˆlw9l sX4- Rhoda Innuksuk: Taissumanili suli ~oc5b6LQ5 wmwos6bsZu4 bwm8N gavamakkut suli pitaqaluaqquujitin- x∫bm wMq5 x4vQPI6X4v5 x5bQP- nagit aanniarviqaliqpa, aanniarvik I6X4v5 xˆNm wMq5 xzQPI6X4v5 sivulliqpauqquujiva? x/QPI6X4v5, bm4fx5 cspmtbs1mb bwm8N wMŒ5tx3i3u4 xbsy3u[l rh Rosie Iqallijuq: Aakka – gavamaqali- L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099400 L.T. WcD1•Çz5 gi?[lA WcD1•Çz9l lauqqaminngittuugaluaq – iksirarjua- WqQ?[lA sN rh x3NctZ x4v- tigut makkuat nutaraqsiutitaaqattali- Z¬8•5 xac5b6S5 woChd/s8qj5 lauqsimajut iksirarjuanit. Niqitaaraar- bwm8N wMŒ1i3u4 cspm5txDtQM- jukpak&utik nutaraqsiutinik taingna s6bz5 µ8No scs0/sc5b8qlk5 kinainna atinga taingna puiguqtaalugi- bwm8N wkQx4ylxj9l swmdtŒoj5 vara, inulirijiuniraqtauvalauqtuq inuk- vtmJxlw5 x4hDD1•∂p0JtQ?z5 titut manangajuuqtauvak&unilu taingna wMq8k5. m4fx5 ra9of¬?4g5 tamaani inulirijiurngautaulilauqsimang- c9lˆco6t9lA WD6gf¬o6g5. The younger generation is less mat, asuilaak taitsumanngat nutaraqsiu- equipped with knowledge of their tinik kiinaujanik tikitittiqattalirmat tama- Îb wk4h4: bwmorx6 rh W0JtQ9lA ancestors because in schools white jja kiinaujaqarutiulauqsimangmat. wkw5 kNo1k5 vtPIo6X5V people do not teach them about those things. The customs and the Rhoda Innuksuk: Nutaraqsiutit Îy wc9oJ6: wLx6nwp8k5 vttb- very social fabric are greatly dam- taakkuatuullutik? Utuqqaqsiutitaqaq- sJ5 m4fx5. niC/1usbsMs6ymZ5b aged by the schools – to a point of tinnagit? Ittuqsiutillu ningiuqsiutillu µio ∫4fx5 nr4v w˚J1•3mb xz- confusion. Family doesn’t seem to be pitaqaqtinnagit? Jz9l w˚J1•3m5 ≈fxw˚4 xzJQ9- a priority any more. They are more lis4 xatctQZus4 NJZENho- concerned about themselves now Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii pitaqaqtinnagit C5t4f bwvi xfi3u k6n3ˆ6g4f8i rather than their siblings, parents, and nutaraqsiutiinnaullutik. Kisianili kNcctŒc5bMs6ymZ5tA5 w8Ngç¬- other relatives, and they are mixing i&uaqsaijini sanainnalauqsimagama o6Lk4 sfx4 x∫b4fq5 xzJq5 in the community with other young taikani i&uaqsaijitaqalirmat Sanira- w˚J1•3mb NJq6OgxEoCus4 ∫8N people. They seem to have lost jangmi. Asuilaak marruinik sanavvi- xzJQ9lis4 xat4f8i ∫4fNi bw- their focus. qammariliq&unga uvangatuangulu- vi3usbsoMs6ymJA5 ho c9lˆcç6- arnikumut – inulirijikkunni i&uaqsai- t8NA. swMsC b[? w3izb xˆNm Rhoda Innuksuk: Why did so jikkunni. Ukuat ullaaqpasungaakkut dr6bDlQMs6ym1mA iszA5 ≈8ix3- many families decide to move to the i&uaqsaijini sana&&aqpunga unnulir- Fox6tbs9li t1u˙4f5 xw/sMs6- community? mat inulirijinut sanajaqtu&&aqpunga ym1m5. bwvo s?A9o bwvi Xwq8- suli pianiktinnanga aijaugama i&uaq- N6Lb ∫?i3usbsq8N6gx¬oMs6y- Rosie Iqallijuq: For medical rea- saijinut taakkununga. Taimannaililauq- mJA9o. ho bw4fx5, ≈4v, trymo6- sons mostly. In our case we were in simavunga sanajiqanngilualauqsimang- t9lA bw4fxB≈4 ©Mw8us5 sNb6- Sanirajak (Hall Beach) when my mata tukisianngiluaq&utik maanirmiut g4nsiC6bs?4Lt4 bwv niC/4 husband’s parents and his older ajulualaurmata suuqaimma qallunaa- k6n3 ˆ3¨t9lb c9lˆ6∫oMs6ymJ6. brother died, so we moved there to qanngitturmiillutik. Suuqaimmali c9lˆcso6t9lA isF6tu[l w4yC3- be with his older cousin. We joined sanajungnanngi&&alauramik nalulua- Jx3i9l w[lç3Jo6t9lQ5. ∑ bs?•- him there before white people came mut taikkuallu tamaani sanaviqarngau- q8N6gx¬MsC5b sKzo is3Do- up. My mother accidentally shot my taujut inuktitut uqarungnanngilua- Ms6ymKA5 wLx6nwp5 b[? wL- husband in the leg and he was picked q&utik tukisianngiluaq&utik imaittuu- x6nwpi nNo6Lzl bs?i trb- up by aircraft and taken to Nuqsar- laurmata. Kisianili arraagukka naam- sc5b6X9ox9lb ≈8ix3Foxd/sJi4. naarjuk, so we moved there. While maksingmata ningiuqsiutitaaqsilitain- bwfz vt0Ôuo6Lt4 x7m b[? xu3- we were in Nuqsarnaarjuk the DEW nalauqsimajunga. l4gx¬o3mb ∫?4fx5 µi xrx3usa- line was built, and the Hudson’s Bay J5 ∫4fx5 wMq5. b[Kzl wLx6- Company and Catholic mission were Rhoda Innuksuk: Taimali inugiak- nwpk5bs6 trd/sZu4 b[Kz w[l- finally built in Igloolik that year. sialulauqqaaqtinnagit nunalingni

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 21 o1j5 vt4gx¬o6S5 x7ml ∫4fx5 There were a couple of houses here, inuusingat piqqusingallu ajjiginngip- µi3usa9lt4 wMq5 s?i w[lo1u- but by that time I was working at paallilauqpaup? sa9lt4 niC/1jx6gx¬9lt4. bwm8N the nursing station in Sanarajak, and ∫4fkz5 vt1if5 ryxi4 rg3qsD1- more people came for treatment. Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii imannali aanniara- •6t9lz. ∑. wLx6nwp5 bwm8N vt- Many people had skin disease and juktualuulaunngimmata taitsumani bsDJ1if5 b[? m3Dw8Ns9lt4 bwm8N boils that year and moved to Sanirajak i&uaqsaijiqaqqaaqtinnagu suurlu, vtmJ5. kN6vtŒ5 xuhD6X9oxJ5. and Igloolik. All this happened after tuquvakkaluaq&utik kisianik tuquni- I had my last child. It was mostly for aqquujijulluunniit pijungniisuungu- Îb wk4h4: bw{hmio ho Z?m4f5 medical reasons that people gathered lauqtut tuksiutuinnarmuuqquuqtuq. ho Wbclx∂pt8NQ5 ≈8ix3Fco6X, into these two communities and they I&uaqsaijiqaliqtilluguli i&uaqsaijinit ≈8ix3F4 yK9o6Xs∂p?V grew from there. ikajuqtauliramik katiktualuullutiglu aulakataliq&utik imaittuulaurmata. Îy wc9oJ6: ≈4v — Z?mcoMs6- Rhoda Innuksuk: Were the health vu8q5©Zlx6 — w4yC3JxtA5 m4fx5 services, like the nursing station, Rhoda Innuksuk: Ta manna katingnir- kbC6yst∫c5boMs6ymJ5 w4yC3J- the first to be established by the ijangat aanniarnirmut pivaalliutauquu- xi5. ie∫Ç3J4X4Lt4 kbC6ysti4 government? jilluni? bw1N rNw8N xtz bw1N SwA6- ∫lQ?C, wkoEpsiC6bs?Ms6g6 Rosie Iqallijuq: No – the govern- Rosie Iqallijuq: Iinguqquujijuq wk4tg5 mNzÔ6bs?4Lil bw1N ment came up but worked through pivaalliutauqquujilauqtuq. Suurlu aan- bµi wkoEps3zsbsoMs6ym1m5, the Catholic church, which first pro- niarajukpaallilauqtut taimanna qauji- xhw˜4 bw5hm8z5 kbC6ysti4 ®N- vided family allowances. Managayuk mannaqquujilauqsimajuq. Maannali s/i4 trt5tc5bo3m5 bm0/ ®Ns/- was the first government administrator uvagut ujjirijungniiq&ugu taimanna cDtsMs6ym1m5. to give out family allowances, which iliqqusirilirmajjuk. Akautuinnalirilluni had been handled by the Catholic aaqiktauvaalliqattarmata. Îb wk4h4: kbC6yst5 ∫4fx©9lt4V mission before that – just the family sg6v6ystbc6t8NQ5V w5g6yst9l allowances, as there was no old age Rhoda Innuksuk: Taimali maanna- iqs6yst9l Wbc6t8NQ5V pension yet. I worked at the nursing mut tiki&&ugu gavamaqaliqtillugu station in the mornings and at the ilaak ukiuqtaqtumi gavamakkut aulat- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ Wbc6t8NQ5 kb- government building in the after- tiliqtillugit inungnilikiaq piqqusingan- C6ys†8Ns9lt4. ryxio wLx6nwpi noons; then I went back to the nik qanuiliqpaalliqtittisimangmata? nNw8NMs6ymZm bwvi wLx6nwp- nursing station. I used to go back Inuup piqqusingannik asijjiqpaalliqtit- bco3m5 niC/1u. xhw˜4 m3Dwi4 nN=- and forth because the Inuit had never tisimava gavamakkut aulattiliqtillugit, Fc7mEo6Lz s?zgxalx3ifj5 — been exposed to white people, and aulattivallialiqtillugit nunalingni? Inuit wkoEp4f8i wLx6nwp4f8i. sfx5 the white people didn’t speak any iliqqusinginnik asijjivaallirjuaqsimava? s9 ˜6XhΩ4f5 wLx6nwpi nNPI6Sz Inuktitut. They couldn’t understand s8ko3m5 wkoEpk5 nN/6gPI6Sz each other. I worked until they said Rosie Iqallijuq: Asijjiingmangaata ho Wxi4t8Nz xw/sZm wLx6n- tamakkuat gavamakkut asijjiivaallir- wpk5 ∫4fkz. bwm8NwoMs6ymKz juaqquujinngimmata uvakkulli imanna nNpc8qlxMs6ym1mb gryx8qlx6- ilagiingnik uqausiuttiavausungaraan- Lt4 µi3us5 xJlxMs3mb ˙cw7m gamik suurlu naglingniqattiaramik c9lˆc8q5g3¨9lt4. ˙cw7mo nNJ1- qanuilaunngimmata qanuq kisumik N8qPIMsCu4 Nllxj5 bw4fx9l pijjutiqariaksanginnigli qallunaat pijju- bµi nNFc3zsbsJ5 wk4tg5 sc- taujariaksanginnik tagvuuna qaujijung- D1N8qlx6Lt4 gryx8qlx6Lt4 nanngilanga. Inugiaksiluamut uqausi- wmw5©Ms3mb. ryxio x3ÇA4v ˆ7m4- vut una uqausirigiarninga avummukti- y1mb iqs6yst∫6yobw8NMs6ymJz. giamut taimanna ilagiittiarungniiru- tigiqquurmajjuk. Îb wk4h4: bwmo wkQx4yxlMs6- √6t8NQ5 kNo1i w˚yz5 W6fy- Rhoda Innuksuk: Tamakkuat suurlu z9l x0pQ8q2Ù9oMs6Xs2V nangminirli sanaugangit?

Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ wm8No ≈8ixCJ4g- Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii. Piniqsaujumalian- x¬Ms8q7mb bw5hmi wLx6nwpc- L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099401 L.T. gullutik ilangit siarngijauttiaqtuq

22 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 ç6t8NA ˙3l, gd?4vlx6Lt4 ryxi4 I’d worked enough years, and then I pijigijauttiaqtuq akirausuliqpak&uni gdix∂pJ9¬8•5 WJ1•˙aMs6g5 started receiving the old-age pension. imaittuulaurmata qaujimanasugijualuk. g4ysgw8N3∆∂6g6. wLx6nwpco6- Inuit piusugininginnik pijaaqtualuu- t9lAo wLx6nwpi5 wvJ6bsoCu4 Rhoda Innuksuk: How different was laurmat taitsumanili uvvaluunniit aki- vt4gx¬lt[l xsMvbo6Lt4 life in the communities back then? raqtuqtaujunga tusaqattalaurillunga wmw5©Ms3mb. arnaruluullunga qallunaatut qaujima- Rosie Iqallijuq: The people were nasuktualuujunga. Ilangit taimanna Îb wk4h4: bm8N vt1iE/z5 ≈8i- healthier before because there wasn’t inurusiuningit akirraqsaraittuulaurma- x3i3j5 W¿9osbs∂p9liV a lot of sickness. People died, but ta taimanna maanna nuqqaqquuqtuu- of normal causes. It was when the galuaq ilagiittiarasuliqquuqtukuluu- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑a∂pJ6 W¿9osb- nursing station was built that many galualli. Ii. s∂pMs6g6. ˙3l ≈8ixCJ4Ù9oM- sick people got together and passed s6g5 bwm8N cspm8N6ƒpMs6ymJ6. their illnesses on to people elsewhere Rhoda Innuksuk: Iiqai, inuit qau- µ8No s?A5 s0pEJ1•6LA bwm8N – and illness in general increased. jimagaluaqtuksaunniqpat tamanna inu- wo6fyEo3m0J4. xvsgw8NoE9l i usirijatik asijjirjuarajarningaqai nunali- ≈e4bs¿9oc5b3mb. Rhoda Innuksuk: Gathering into jjualirutigijangit. communities had an impact on their Îb wk4h4: bwmo µ8Nj5 trPLA health? Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii ilangit qaujimajuk- Z?mco6t9lA w˜4 srs6b6gu saulauraluaqput. Z?m4f5 xsM5to6t9lQ5 wk1iorx6 Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes – people caught Ta imali irngutara taima Itijjuaqtau- germs from other people. Their health vak&uni, taingnaujuq. Imanna pijjul- deteriorated from moving into com- laktaalauqsimavuq uvannut uqalauqsi- munities. I don’t notice it now because mangmat iglulingmiutaulluniguuq aki- that’s just the way things went, and raqtut ilagiiguniiqpalliajut arnaniglu these sicknesses are so common now pilirijuit ijiraqtuq&utik kisianik, ikanili that it’s no longer a great concern Sanirajangmiutautillunga avungaguuq to anyone. But some do recover. iglurjuarnut aullaaqsimaniarami i&uanngittuq atuqpalliatuinnaramiuk. Rhoda Innuksuk: What seems to be Uqautilauqsimajara, “Ii ajunngikkuvit the cause of all the social problems? kisuqanngiliraingavit niuviriaqpaglutit Were these changes brought about qallunaat tunuttaililugit, pittianngin- by the government? naqtumik tiglingnaqtumik atuqtailima- lutit.” Taimanna uqallautitittiarumaq- Rosie Iqallijuq: I can’t say that these qaaq&ugu. Taimali aullaalilauqsima- changes were brought about by the vuq imanna iluviqataujumanngimut. governments, because they’ve always Ittuvaarjukkut uigiik. Taitsumani L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099402 L.T. been open and sincere when they nunaliralaaliuliramik Sanirajangmii- know who you are. I honestly can’t tillungalu suuqaimma, kisianik uqauti- W6fyz8i4 ckwo6Ù9o6t5tym1mbV say that they are the cause of all the lauq&uninga nunaliralaangulilauqsi- w˚2 W6fyz8i4 xy0p6Ù9o6t5tym? changes, because the problems arise majuq. Avanirmiutauliqtinnanga suli. Z?m4f5 xsM5to6t9lQ5, xsM5t?9o- just by people gathering together into xo6t9lQ5 kNo1iV wkw5 wo6- a community. The internal problems Rhoda Innuksuk: Ta mannali kisulli fyq8i4 xy0p¿9o3Jx6ym?V began with people gossiping about inuup iliqqusingannik atuqtaunginnar- one another, which is the root cause iaqalaanguqquujigiviuk puiguqtaujari- Îy wc9oJ6: xy0π1mΩb bm4fx5 of family breakdown. aqaqquujinngittuqutigillugu. Z?m4f5 xy0π¿9o3Jx6ƒp8q7mb s?4- f9o wm8N wMŒ1i4 scsys5tx?sh- Rhoda Innuksuk: Are you saying Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, puiguqtaujariaqaq- zÇzu4 ˙3l N[o1ic5txCu4 ckw- that Inuit created their own social quujinngittut makkualu inuup sanau- Ms8q7mb ck6 rhu4 W0JtcEx4n- problems? gangit ukiuqtaqtualuungmat makkuat q8i[o c9lˆ5 W0Jbs/Ex4nq8i4 uqquujuugaluat qallunaat uqquujuliangit b[N cspJ1N8qMz. wkQx4ylxj5 Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes – problems are quaqsaraittukuluungmata qausilisunga- scsyK5 sN scsyEQx3iz xK7j4t- caused by greed, jealousy, revenge, raangamiglu ilunginnillu quaqtailiman- Qxj5 bwm8N wMŒ5txD1•DtQ∂3m0J4. power, and vindictiveness. It is the ngillutik, tukturaviniit qisiit taimannait-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 23 Îb wk4h4: bm4fx5 ˙3l N1ui3o tuunngimmata, nuqqaujaujariaqaqquu- nNsZq5V jiginngittakkat. Kisianik ikkialuutinnagu ijjialuutinnagu aakka atuqtaunngikka- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑. Wi6nsJmoxa9- luarlutik suqutaunngittuq. Ijjialuutillugu lt4 wMq5 yx3q/s5tx6g6 WpQ- annuraarijauquttiaqtakkat. /s5tx6g6 xrCsho6X4Li wmw5©- Ms3mb cspmNhQJxl4. wkw5 Wsh- Rhoda Innuksuk: Ammalu tamanna Qiq8i4 W÷6gx¬Ms3m5 bw5hmio iglulijungnarningallu ingminik annau- s=?¬8•5 xrC6g6bsJz gnc5bM- manasugungnarningat puiguqtaujari- sE9lz x3ND¬9lz c9lˆg5 cspm- aqaqquujinngikkilluniqai? Nh4gx¬Jz. wMq5 bwm8N wkDy- Burwash/National Archives PA099436 L.T. siq5 xr3C6nCw5©Ms3mb bwm8N Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii puiguqtaujariaqan- µ8N k6v∂6©Zlx6 wMŒ5txCho- ngimmariktuq arnaruluulluniluunniit ∂6gf¬Zlx9o. ∑. aullaakataaqatauqattaq&uni iglulijung- narnaqtuq ajurnanngittiaqtuq igluli- Îb wk4h4: ∑cw, wkw5 cspmZl- attitude of the people which creates jungnaqsisungaq&uni arnakuluilluun- x6g4ns8i6X5 bm8N w˚yE/t4 xy0- problems for the family and society. niit ajurungniiqsijarialittiat. p3JxC/3izcw kNo0JxoDtQ/q5. Inuit were very proud people. I’ve been criticized for having an interest Rhoda Innuksuk: Tamakkualli Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ wMq5 cspmJ4n- in or being accepting of white people. pijungnaqtauvalauqtut kikkutuin- sMsClx6S5. Some people who couldn’t take crit- narnut? bwmo w3abC bwm wt0Jx6b- icism therefore created tension. I s?4Li, bw1NsJ6. wm8N W0J9M4- know that they’re trying to deal with Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, igluit ammalu ∫Ms6ymK6 s?8k5 scMs6ym1m5 that problem and are returning to qimuksirniq kikkutuinnarnut ajuq- w[lo1usbs9liÅ6 xrC6g5 wMŒA- basic family values. taulaunngittuq. Ilangit aakka aniqauq- •6X9oxJ5 x3Ni[l WoEJw5 wp- tut ajurniqsaulauqtut, ii, arnaquluit C6g6Lt4 ryxi4, wvio niC/1us- Rhoda Innuksuk: Did Inuit know aniqauluarnit aninga ataatangata ikaju- bst9lz xKzÅ6 w[l3Jx3k5 xs9- that they would be in for a lot of qtigingmagu ajurniqsaulauqtut. Ani- ˜6ymixCu wLx8q5g6 xg6X9- changes as they gathered together? qannginniqsaujut ajunnginniqsaulauqtut. oxgw8NCus4. scstMs6ym/C, “∑ xJ8q4fF5 rhc8qoCwzF5 isFE- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, I am sure some Rhoda Innuksuk: Taimali pijungnaq- x6X[lt5 c9lˆ5 gk5bwolQ5, W5t- of them knew. Take my grandson, for sivallialiqtillutit kinamik ikajuqtiqa- x8q8N6gu4 t[o1N6gu4 xg6bwo- example, who is sometimes called q&utit – ilisaijiqaluaqquujilauqsimavit? mlt5.” bwm8N sc9Mstt5txDmç6LA. Ittijuaq. He wanted to get away, to bwmo xs9˜oMs6ymK6 wm8N wl- leave Igloolik to be free of its social Rosie Iqallijuq: Atausirmik – ataatan- FcbsJm8qj5. w5g¿3J4f5 swŒ4. problems. I was still living in Sanirajak nik. Ilisaijiuqquujinngikkaluaq&uni – bw5hmi kNoC˜osoCu4 niC/1¨- when he sought my permission to “Qanuq una piniaqtara,” tagva uuktu- t9lzl ˙cw7m, ryxi4 scstMs6- leave Igloolik’s internal problems. sigami “Imanna pigiaru.” Tagva aju- Liz kNoC˜aoMs6ymJ6. x?i3u- He saw families dividing. Men rungniiqpalliagama. Mippaqtillugu- sbso6t8Nz ho. almost have to sneak around to luunniit igluliuliqtukuluuvunga imanna have a woman, which is one of the pukkittukulungmik, ii taimanna ajur- Îb wk4h4: bm8No rh9o w˚2 wo6- main reasons for gossiping. I granted nanngilauqtuq ajurungniiqsijaunngi- fyz8i4 xg6bsq8NExc˜a∂pQFs4 him permission to go, if he thought &&unga immiuqsiiqquujijunga kisia- SwA6bs/Exc∂p8q5gdtQ9lA. he would have a better life on his own nik sivulliqpaaq taanna apiqqutigijaq out in Iglurjuat. I told him: “Just ajuriqsuijjaujjutituariqquuq&ugu. Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, SwA6bs/Exc∂- don’t turn your back on society, and Ajulauraluaq&uni suurluttauq miq- p8q5g5 m4fxl w˚2 nNsZq5 come back into the community when- surasuliqpalli ajuqpalli taimannattauq. srs6b6gx¬1m5 m4fx5 s∂ÔZlx5 ever you need supplies.” He had a c9lˆ5 s6ƒJoxq5 dx6nCw5gf- valid reason. Rhoda Innuksuk: Inuit suurlu angig- ¬1mb csyohzÇzu[l wlq8i9l ligaluaramik angiglikkannirjuarumaa- dx6bwom8q9lt4, g4gCF•5 e¥5 Rhoda Innuksuk: Is there any tuinnarmata sivuniksangallukiaq taima bwmw8Nw5©8q7mb, k6vs/s/Exc6- particular aspect of Inuit culture qanuq inuusirmingnik tigumiaqtigiaq- ƒpQ8q5b4v5. ryxi4 w4rx¬t8NA that you feel should be retained? quujivat uvvaluunniit qanurli isuma-

24 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 w0px¬t8NA ≈4v xg6bs8q4vlx3- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes, the Inuit clothing givigit inuit inugiaksikkanniqtualu- lt4 hdbs8q5g6. w0px¬t9lA must be kept and promoted. This ugutik? x8kÇE/sd5tx6b4v5. country gets bitterly cold and the southern clothing, which is not meant Rosie Iqallijuq: Sivulliamik surajaaq- Îb wk4h4: x7ml bm8N w[loJ1N- to be warm, freezes up here. If it gets tualuulirmingmata qanuq isumaginn- 3iz9l w1ui4 x8NsmNhA1N3iz5 wet it’s finished. Some get wet from gittiaqpakka, kisianik nunaliuqtitaugia- SwA6bs/Exc∂p8q4r9licwV the inside. But caribou skins and seal sukkuvit ajurajarmata. Nagliginiku- skins will not freeze. It is the highest mulli tamajja ikajurmagit ajunngittuu- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ SwA6bs/Exc8- quality clothing. The southern cloth- jaaqtualuungmata ilangit ilangillu q7mE4g6 x3ND¬9li¬8•5 xs9˜v- ing is fine as long as the weather is ajuq&utik. Kisianik ingminittauq ilin- ∫cbsc5b6Li w[loJ1N3N6g6 not too cold, but it is not suitable for niarumattiannginnikumut pijumattian- xJ3N8q5tx6g6 w[loJ1Nyhz6Li arctic storms – so it is very important ngimmata inuusittiavangmik aturuma- x3Nflw9¬8•5 xJD1•6y/Exo5tx5. to keep using what works best for gunijjuk ii aturungnaqtangit suli maan- this kind of environment. I highly naugaluaq inugiaraalukkaluarlutik, Îb wk4h4: bm4fx9o WJ1N6bs?M- recommend its continued use. taimanna ilannariiliqpallialiqtaugutik s6g5 r4fgw8N3k5V akauniqsamik aturajaq&utik. Piqan- Rhoda Innuksuk: How about being nariigunniiqpallianiqsaugutik akaun- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, w[lw5 x7ml ej4- able to build a shelter – say an igloo ngittumik aturajaq&utik, taimaimmat. y3i6 r4fgw8N3k5 xJ6bsMs8q5g6. for example – when you get caught wMq5 ≈4v xics6g5 xJ3i6nsM- in a storm? Rhoda Innuksuk: Qanurlikiaq tagva s6g5, ∑, x3Ndlw5 xicslx3i5 inugiaraaluliqtillugit qanuq ilannarii- xiz x∫bzb wvJ6tQ1mA xJ3- Rosie Iqallijuq: This is something gasuarnirmut ilangmingnillu qaujima- i6nsMs6g5. xic8q8i6nsJ5 both men and women used to know, titauvaallirungnarajaqpallikiaq, qanuq xJ8q8i6nsMs6g5. and it is easy once you learn. I would taimanna inugialiqtillugit. encourage young girls to learn to build Îb wk4h4: bwmo WJ1N6y?9ox- one. It is necessary for survival. Rosie Iqallijuq: Angajuqqaamingnit o6t9lt5 rNu4 wvJ6tc6Lt5 — qaujimaliqtitauttarlutik qaujitittititaut- wonwpclx∂pMs6ymF5V Rhoda Innuksuk: Was igloo building tarutik qaujimainnarniarungnaqtualuit, common knowledge to all people? ii – ilagiingnirmik. Angajuqqaamingnit Îy wc9oJ6: xbsy3u4 — x∫b8i4. uqaujjauppanngilutik ii ilagiigungniiq- wonwps∂p8q4vlx6Li — ‘ck6 Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes. The other thing palliakaukturungnaqtukuluit. sN Wix6bC’ b[? ß4gyZu ‘wm8N was to know how to drive a dog team. WQxD.’ b[? xJD1•6X9oxZm. Anyone could do this, except in cases Rhoda Innuksuk: Taimanna suli ilaak u2X6t9lA¬8•5 w[loso6gf¬Kz when a girl had brothers and didn’t inuit ikajuqtigiiktualuuvalauqsimannir- wm8N S4r5gfl1u4, ∑ bwm8N xJ3- have to help her father as much. mata taimanna suliqai ikajuqtigiingniq N8 qMs6g6 xJD1•6y/s8qPLz The girls who didn’t have a lot of tamanna nunaliuliqtuugaluanik w7us6¥∂pJz ryxi4 yK9o6Ù6 brothers were very capable of doing kajusinniqaqpa? ∫8N xW6ftQ/6 xJE6hw0/s0Jt- everything: hunting, driving a dog gxE∂6LA. xJMsClx6Li ˙3l5bs6 team, building an igloo, and so on. Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, ilangit suli kajusi- u6hCho6X9o xJ6X9o bwm8N5bs6. The girls who had brothers doing gialialuit suli ilangit – ilagiingnirmik. most of the work were less capable Makkuat ingmingnik aturumajang- Îb wk4h4: wkw5 ˙3l xq[oZlxC- of looking after themselves because mingnik atuluaqtut tamajja ilamingnit u4 xq[o4v8i3JxDµgw8N3mb yKi4n- they had less experience. qarrujjiniqsaulirmata. Isumamingnik z9lrx6 bwm ck6 w˚y3u1i4 tA- aturumaluaqtut qaujimaniqsaugamik ux6tQx∂p?5 s=?¬8•5 ck3o wh- Rhoda Innuksuk: Who was your uumanngat imannauniqsaunirmik mQFQ5 wkw5 wkQx4y4v8i6gx¬At4V main teacher when you were a child? puiguqturuluungmat ukpirinngiliq- tuguluk imannailingajut tamajja, san- Îy wc9oJ6: yK9oxu4 hC÷6gx¬- Rosie Iqallijuq: My father. He didn’t gusaraipput. Ii. o3u1mb ck6 whmQ8q5tx6X4v, act like a teacher, but if I asked how ryxi4 kNos6tbsQxh4fF5 xJC- things were done he would show me Rhoda Innuksuk: Qanuq taima /3mb. N[oQifj9o bm0/ wvJ3mQ5 and say, “Try it like this.” After a while asikkanniani uqausiksaqaqpit? xJ8q5©÷6gx¬1mb wMq5 wMq9l I was able to build a small igloo while xJ6Lt4. ryxi4 w1ui5bs6 wo8ix- he waited at a seal hole. He would Rosie Iqallijuq: Aakkaalukiaq iilukkiaq?

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 25 Dm5tx8q8ifj5 WJm5tx8q7mb w˚- just put up the first block and I would y5tx?1u4 xgDmAi0J4 ∑ xgD1N6- do the rest. It is just the same as bq5 ho µ8NsZlx6 wkQxÇl4vl- learning to sew or make clothing: x3lt4, bwm8N wM8N‰o6X9oxo6- you may not be good at it but you bsAt4 xvsi6nu4 xgC/6Lt4. Wc8- get there with practice. Everything N‰A8•6X9oxi6nsAt4 xvs8q5gu4 takes practice. That’s how people xgC/6Lt4, bwmw7m5. learn to do things, and we cannot get good at anything unless we try. Îb wk4h4: ck3orx6 b[? wkQ- xÇlo6t9lQ5 ck6 wM8N‰Zhx3i3j5 Rhoda Innuksuk: Inuit communities L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099437 L.T. wM1u1i9l cspmtbs¿9oD1NC/6X9- are big now, but seeing as they are orx6, ck6 bwm8N wkQxo6t9lQ5. rapidly growing, do you think Inuit will promote their culture and hold Îy wc9oJ6: xzJçu1i5 csp- onto their values in the future as motbs5b3lt4 cspt5ttbs5bDt4 the communities take on more cspmw8N3ixD1N6gxlw5, ∑ — wM- responsibilities? Œ1i3u4. xzJçu1i5 scs0/s2X8- qlt4 ∑ wMŒA1•6X9oxvs4gD1- Rosie Iqallijuq: I’m not too con- N6gflw5. cerned with that issue because Inuit Rhoda Innuksuk: Kinguvaaksarnut are now putting their priorities in kisu atuqtauquluarajaqpiuk? Îb wk4h4: bwm8N ho w˜4 wkw5 place and slowly taking on more and wvJ6tŒ4gx¬?Ms6ym8i3mb bwm8N more responsibilities. I know that Rosie Iqallijuq: Iqajuqattarniq ila- hocw wvJ6tŒ1i6 bm8N kNos- the only way they will succeed is if mingnik ilaginngitaraluanilu qanuilu- o6©Zlxi4 vJy8ic6XV it’s the will of the Creator and if they aqtuq qaujiguniuk ilaliurluniuk naglig- put their effort into it. Even the iluniuk nirijaksaqattianngiliqpalluunni- Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, wMq5 ho vJy- people who seem wise or powerful it ilaliuqattaruniuk ilagijauttiarungnaq- Qxoxlw5 ho wMq5 — wMŒ1i3u4. can go wrong if they are not careful, tut ungagijauttiarungnaqtut kituugalu- m4fx5 w1u1i4 xgDm/1u1i4 xgl- and we can correct the problems too aq ilaginngitaraluavut. Tamakkuali x6g5 bm0/ wMu1i5 c3D0pi6ns- if we are willing. The family values can piruqsajakulukkali taimanna uqautisi- o3mb. whmu1i4 xgDmlx6g5 csp- still work in a community if people majakka naammagijaunnginnirmallu- mi6nsZu4 ßm8z5 wm8Nsi6nsi3u4 enforce them and practice them. Any- unniit naglingniqaluaq&uni ilaginngi- SwA6gD¬1m5 s4WE8qo6gAl4 wm8- one with the desire to make things taraluani angutialu una paqqinasuk- NwozJ5 bm0/, nanCw2S5. ∑. work can have a good life and a good taralua imannailijau&&aqpunga family. It’s all there for those who ningiuraalu una pittiarasuktaalua, Îb wk4h4: ck6 bwm xy4v8ixi don’t allow themselves to get caught imailijauqattaqpunga, tamakkuat saan- scsy4nc6W5V up with social problems or get caught gagakkit qanuq inuungmat qapilanaq- in the circle; but when there is no tualuungmat uvanga sunalunngittul- Îy wc9oJ6: ≈4√lrx6 ∑l4rx6V discipline their problems get even lunga tunngasarungnannginninginnut worse if they don’t correct them. taimanna akiraqtaunnginnaqtualuu- Îb wk4h4: ra¿4n3k5 rh xg6bsd- lauqtunga makkuk&unga, angusirijualu lxC/6Ws4V Rhoda Innuksuk: What seems to be una, aakka angusirinngittuq nagling- the best way of putting family values nirmik aturmat nagliginikumut uqquu- Îy wc9oJ6: wcJc5b3i6 wMu1i4 in place in a large community? jurulungnik – qiujuq – tagvani iglum- wMQ8qbClxil ckwlx6g6 cs- niilluni unangminarumanikumut. pAis4 wMos3lis4 N[oQlis4 Rosie Iqallijuq: The parents must Nirijaqtuqattaq&utiglu qaani iliarjuul- iE/4nc5tx8qo6X9¬8•5 wMosc5- take on their responsibilities and pass luni taimannailiuqittarama tamajja aki- bDis4 wMQ/s5txD1N6g5 szQ/s5- on their knowledge to their children raujjutigilauqtakka – ilaginngitaralua txD1N6g5 r©Zlx6 wMQ8qbCl- so they continue to know who their pittiarasuktaralua imanna ilagijauniku- xK5. b4fxo WD6n/fl4vo bwm8N relatives are and what the values are, mut. Tamanna aturungniilaunngitara scstym/4v ˆ7mQ/s8q8i3m9¬8•5 because the knowledge is there. They aturumagakku taanna tusaumajara N[o1 iclx6Li wMQ8qbClxi are just not getting a chance – which i&uaqtualu – iliarjuk pittiaq&ugu pit- xatxl sN X6rNh4bClx wm8Nw- could also be changed. tiaqtaunngittuq pittiaq&ugu naglig- o/sPI6Sz iqsÇl sN W5txC- ilugu. Nutararuluk&unga tuksiariaqat-

26 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 Rhoda Innuksuk: Inuit have a his- tainnaqtualuulauqsimagama suuqaimma tory of helping each other and pro- Igluligaarjungmiutaulaurama. Tamak- viding for each other’s needs in the kuat tusaumanikumut taimali maanii- family. Do you see this continuing liq&unga angunniaqtualuunasugijau- in a community? valauqtunga una angutaunirmut isu- maginngitara kisulungninganik kisu- Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes – many families qaqtinniarakku tagvani iglumiutarilir- hold together and work together, lugu. Uigalu taimanna uqausirisima- even today. Many families are not jannik aturami qanuiginngi&&aqparali even shaken by today’s social prob- piqannariigunnalaurannuk tamanna L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099403 L.T. lems because after all, the problems ijurnautigilauqtara, sunauvva ilagijan- we hear about are caused by those nut ikajuqtillunga, iittiaq. Asuilaak who put their freedom to do any- kisianik taakkununga aanniaqtulirinia- thing they want foremost, having lungmut qanuirluktulirinirmut ikajura- no regard for anyone else. Those sungnirmut tagva taassumungatuaq, are the people who create tension asianuunngittuq. Pittiaqtaalugiliqpak- and disagreements and don’t care kat inuit imannailiunngilanga about their families. And in many tamakkuat tamajja aksuruutijungnii- h4∫lx, wmwo/sc5b6Sz, bm4fx5 cases the middle-aged assume the rungnanngittiaqtakkat nagliginikumut. ~zZ4r5 ck6 w˚1m5 cWMN6gx- older people are senile and no Qallunaarulugluunniit pittiaqtaunngit- ¬1m5 s?z hNl8q5g¨9lz g8z- longer reliable and they no longer tuqsiuqpat ijurijauliqpat taimanna nag- nD1N8q8iq8k5 bwm8N xrC6bs8- take their elders seriously. Those ligijaalugiliq&ugu – imannaitturuluu- q8N6gx¬Ms6gz m4f4Lz, xayE- are the people who cause changes gama. Qallunaaruluit akirarijaujut aki- Jxl sN, ≈4v xayE8q5g6 N[o1- and instability in leadership. ralaunngitaalugigakkit tavvuuna inuul- i3u4 xg3m5 N[oQifj5 s6ƒJDl1i4 luta qanuq ajuluarnikumut aanniarni- — esJ6 — b[?i w[l7•9li Rhoda Innuksuk: Do you have kumut tagva nutarakulukput ajuliqput sN1uNDmifj5. iE/6gc5b6Lt[l anything else you would like to add? – imannaittukuluuliqtut qallunaattauq çi wox3Ô9li bwm8Nwose5bCm amma taimaittukuluungmata. Ii tamak- bm0/ xrCs0JtQMs6b4v — wMQ8- Rosie Iqallijuq: No, I don’t think so. kununga taimanna ijurnautinganut qbClx W5txCh4bClx wm8N wMQ- tamanna nuqqautijjaanngitara kisuglu- /sifj5. bm8N xgD1•Ms8qbC Rhoda Innuksuk: What Inuit values luaqtunut ilaqattianngittunut pitsugi- xgDmZ4f ∫8N gnsm/C wLx6gxl would you like your descendants to jaugluktunut tunngasaijungniijjaann- — wox3J4 W5tx6LA W5tx6bs8- retain? gittualuugama qujana ajuraluaruma. Ii q5g6 W5tx6LA N[oQlA. kbCD- inuusirmut ikajuqput tamakkuat. l4Lz g4yxExc5bw8N6gx¬Ms6ymZm Rosie Iqallijuq: Helping each other: ˙cw7m w[loÛ3J1usbsMsCm. bm4fx5 not only relatives, but people in gen- Rhoda Innuksuk: Tamakkuat inuusir- gnsmifj5 bwmo µ•o6Lz xa8i- eral. Sometimes Inuit looked down mut aturniliit tusaumajaunnginnaria- x6gx¬NhQ/s?Ms6gz sN xab- on taking in strangers or helping si3j5 whmQ8qbC rhl1izi4 rh- people who weren’t relatives, but I c6t8ixC4f b[?i w[lusbEo3lA. tell my children this: a person can swZl bwm8N scsyEym/8i4 xgCu gain a sense of having a family if a ckwQ8qPI6XCo Wc8N‰A8NMsC8k4 family takes him in. Helping people bm8N wJ3NstQMs6bC, hNs=? wM- and elders has been the routine I have Q/8k5 wvJ6t9lz, ∑5tx6. xhw˜4 practised most of my life. I used to ryxi4 ∫4fkz ≈8ix6goEixl1j5 be accused of fooling around as a ckw3l4goEi3j5 wvJCh1i3j5 b[? young girl because I took people ∫{hjzgx6, xyx˚8q5g6. W5tx6- into my house. I would not change ∫lQo6X4v5 wkw5 wm8Nwos8qMz though, because as a young child I bm4fx5 bm0/ x4hÎtJ1•D1N8q5t- learned from the Catholic priest to x6b4v5 N[oQifj5. c9lˆDl[¬8•5 help those in need, like orphans W5tx6bs8q5g6ys6X5 wJE/so6X5 and poor people. I went to church bwm8N N[oQ÷lQo6LA — wm8Nw5- regularly as a child in Igluligaarjuk gD¬Zm. c9lˆDlw5 xrCE/sJ5 xr- (Chesterfield Inlet). My husband had Burwash/National Archives PA099398 L.T.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 27 CMs8q∫lQZ4r5 b[N w˚9lb no objection to my way of life and qaq&utik? ck6 xJlx3ifj5 ≈8ix3ifj5 b[? supported me all the way. I realize kbCfl4S5 xJo6S5 — wm8Nw5g- that helping people has a far-reaching Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii, aksut qujannamii- f¬o6g5 c9lˆ5bs6 x7m bwmw5- effect and also helps one live a peace- raalungaa. gf¬1mb. ∑ bm4fkz bwm8N wJ3- ful life. This is not restricted to Inuit. Nstzk5 bm8N k6vst0÷8qbC Other races are much alike: when a Rhoda Innuksuk: Suli uqausiksaqak- rh[llx6gk5 wMc5tx8q5gk5 W5h- person gets sick, he becomes as help- kanniarjukkuvit uqakkanniarjugungna- Q/s[l4gk5 g8znwJ1•0÷8q5gx¬Zm less as a child. I will never change q&utit. Makkuktunulluunniit innau- d/N xJClxDm. ∑ w˚y3j5 wvJ6S5 my way of accepting people of all qatingnulluunniit uqausiksaqaruvit bm4fx5. races in my home, and I want the uqakkannirungnaq&utit. younger generation to know that. Îb wk4h4: bm4fx5 w˚y3j5 xg3iø5 Being able to accept those in need Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii makkuktut makkuat gnsm/s8q8NExc6Lt4V of help is healthy for one’s life. ilangit naluliruluktugiaruluungmata imaak apirigaluaq&uni innarnut, Îy wc9oJ6: ∑, x4h5 d/8N¨ÇlΩ. Rhoda Innuksuk: You feel that the ‘Isumangnik piniaqputit...’ Imailijau- basic values must continue to be tuinnaqtuq inuusirminik ajuriqsuijjau- Îb wk4h4: ho scsy4nc4v8ix3J4- practised? nani una ilagiingnirmik ajuriqsuijau- fF5 sc4v8ix3JA1N6Lt5. m4f4gk9- nani taanna tunngasunngittukuluk ¬8•5 w8Nsct1k9¬8•5 scsy4ncDF5 Rosie Iqallijuq: Yes indeed. Thank naglingnaluarmat makkuktuq apiriju- sc4v8iD1N6Lt5. you for asking about them. kuluugaluaq tunngasuktuinnarlutiglu angajuk&iruluktigut iliqqusiksamik Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ m4f4g5 m4fx5 wMq5 Rhoda Innuksuk: You can talk apirijuq tunngasuktuinnarlutik iman- NloDl4gQxA¬1mb wµ4 xWEZlx6- more if you have messages for the naippalauqpullu ilagiit imanna uqau- Li w8N3k5, ‘whm1i4 Wix6St5...’ younger generation. tiqattarlugit aaqiksimavaallirungnaqtu- wmwo/sgw8N6g6 w˚y3ui4 xJE6h- aluuqquuraluarmingmata inuugamik w0/sNi sN wMŒ1i3u4 xJE6hw- Rosie Iqallijuq: Young people qallunaaruluilluunniit taimannaimmata /sNi ∫8N g8zh8q5gfl4 N[o1- become uncertain when they don’t uqautittiaqattaq&ugu tukisittiaqtut, Nlx3m5 m4f4g6 xWEJf¬Zlx6 g8- get positive responses from their suuqaimmali titiraqpalliajuruluugamik zh4gw8N3lt[l xzJ4ODl4tA5 wo6- elders. For example: if they ask for inuilli titiraqpallialaunngimmata maanna fy4nu4 xWEJ6 g8zh4gw8N3lt4 guidance and are told to do what aakkaulirmijuq titiqqatiguulirmijuq wm8Nw2XMs6S9l wMŒ5 wm8N scs- seems best to them, then they are kisianik. Iilaak suuqaimmaluunniit tc5b3lQ5 ≈e4ym¿9oD1N6gx¬∂C- not being provided with the advice tamajja inungnik nuliaqaramik imanna lx3u1mb w˚Zu4 c9lˆDlw9¬8•5 they want. Those are the innocent takullugu qiksaujaqtuq una tunngasa- bwm8Nw7mb scst5txc5b6LA gry5- victims of society. Inuit are very capa- qugillugu tunnganarvigilugu ilagilittia- tx6g5, ˙cw7mo ttC6X9oxJD¬Zu4 ble of reducing uncertainty if they so riarlugu imaittut qallunaakuluit inung- wkw9o ttC6X9oxMs8q7mb µ8N desire. Even white people could have nik nuliaqarasuktukuluit. Ammattauq ≈4vso3uJ6 tt6vtÅo3uJ6 ryxi4. better lives if they knew the values inuulluni kisurlunnginnamik taaksu- ∑˜4 ˙cw7m¬8•5 bm0/ wk1i4 ko- which keep everyone together. minga piqaqpuq qujagilugu ikajuqtig- xcCu4 wm8N bf9lA e4ns/6g6 The weakness of Inuit is the fact ilirmagu, ikajurmagu nuliani, uingalu sN g8zndQ9lA g8zN3FQlA wM- that they rely on oral history – though ikajurniarmingmagu. Tamakkunanik Qo5txEx3lA wmw5g5 c9lˆflw5 they’re starting to document it, as isumaqaqattarutik iqqaittiarlutiglu iju- wk1i4 koxcCh4gflw5. x7m5bs6 you are doing. White people, like rituinnanngillugu nagliktigiikpaallira- w˚li rh3l8q8Nu4 ∫4huz Wc6- Inuit, can get along well if they’re jaqtuugaluat inuit. S6 d/QlA wvJ6tQo3mA, wvJ3mA comfortable with the people they koxi, swzl wvJ3ix3u1mA. bm4- are with. Rhoda Innuksuk: Qujannammii- fNi4 whmcc5bDt4 w6vw5tx3lt[l marialu unikkaaqattaqqaugavit. wJEgw8N8q9lA N[o4tŒ4Ù9oC/6©- Rhoda Innuksuk: Thank you very Zlx5 wkw5. much for your valuable time. Rosie Iqallijuq: Ii qujannamiiktauq.

Îb wk4h4: d/8N¨7mExl si4√c5- Rosie Iqallijuq: Thank you. b6vsZF5.

Îy wc9oJ6: ∑ d/8N¨4bs6

28 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 x4I3F4 bw5hmi

A LOOK BACK AT AKLAVIK

AK&ARVIK TAITSUMANI

Inuvialuit and Gwich’in Inuvialuillu allaillu taikani Ak&arving- encountered each other at mi akuniuliqtuq qaujimaqattausimavut. Aklavik for centuries. By the Taakkuat ajjinnguat ilangit 1920-mi 1920s, when the earliest of ajjiliuqtaunikuujut qallunaaqtaqalisaa- these photographs was taken, lauqsimaliqtillugit, Ak&arvingmi miki- they were also meeting south- giaqtuqauqattalilauqsimangmat, tauq- erners there, as Aklavik had siivviuqattaqsuni, ingirraviuvaksunilu become the centre of trapping, kuukkut tariurjuarmut. Niuvirvikta- trade, and transportation for qalauqput kapanikkut niuvirvingani, the Mackenzie Delta. It had a pukiqtaliqaqsutik, ammalu tuksiaqtitti- Hudson’s Bay Company store, jiqaqsutik iksirarjuarnik ajuriqsuijinilu a police post, and competing ukpiqtuksaqtaaqaarasuktunik – atunit Anglican and Roman Catholic aanniarviqaqsutik ilinniarviqaqsutiglu. wkFxlw9l x9Mw9l bwvi x4I3F1u missions – each with its own hospi- Ammalu taikani gavamait titirarviqali- xfiso6g6 cspmc5bsymK5. ∫4fx5 tal and residential school. lauqsimallutik tugliani silarjuarmi una- x0p8ax5 wMq5 !(@)-u x0pos6- Government administration arrived tavijjuarningit nuqqalauqsimaliqtillugu. bsiƒJ5 c9lˆ6bco~Ms6ymo6t9- shortly after the Second World Inuvialuit taakkuat ajjimiittut Ak&ar- lQ5, x4I3F1u urQx6gcsc5bo- War. vingmut qailauqtut tauqsijaqtuqsutik, Ms6ym1m5, bs6¥=Fsc5b6hi, wq3- The Inuvialuit in these photos iqqanaijariaqtuqsutik ilinniariaqtuqsutik CFs?4hil ƒ4f5 bEs3Jx3j5. isF3- came to Aklavik to trade, to work, aanniarviliaqsutigluunniit. Ilangit kitu- F4bcMs6S5 vXi4f5 isF3Fzi, or to go to school or hospital. Some ungmangaanginnit qaujimajaugaluaq- Sr6boc6ht4, x7ml g4yx6t5tp- of them are identified, while many put, kisianik amisut suli qaujimajaun- c6ht4 w4yC3Jx3i4 xJE6hwpil others are not. If you recognise ngimmata kituungmangaata. Ilitaqsi- s4W6g4n6∫çCh4gi4 — xgi5 ≈8i- someone please let us know. Write to: simajaqarniruvit, qaujititaujumavugut. x3Fc6ht4 wo8ix3Fc6ht[l. x7ml Titirarvigitigut uvunga: bwvi Z?mw5 ttC3FcoMs6ym9lt4 Inuktitut Magazine g[oxi yM3Jx3u sNbF0Jx3iq5 510-170 Laurier Ave W Inuktitut Magazine k6vMs6ymo6t9lA. Ottawa, Ontario 510-170 Laurier Ave W wkFxlw5 ∫4fx5 x0p¨5g5 x4I3- K1P 5V5 Ottawa, Ontario F1j5 cwMs6g5 bs6y/6g6ht4, K1P 5V5 w6vNw/Ex6g6ht4 wo8ixEx6g6ht4 ≈8ix3Fox6ht[¬8•5. wMq5 r©1- mΩq8i5 cspm/sZlx6S5, ryxi4 xuh5 ho cspm/s8q7mb r©1mΩb. wob6yym/c3iDF5, csptbsJmKA5. ttC3FQtA5 sKz:

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 29 ∫8N Ù2 √4i ttCMs6S6 scoµZ3u4 bw/sJu4 s?z koZ6 nsuz•5g6 !(#) xg6t9lQ5. bo6W˜3u5 g[osJ6 Çt vsF5b4. Bob Cockney, author of I Nuligak , is at the extreme left in this photo from the 1930s. Standing second from right is Raddi Kowichuk. Taanna Bob Cockney Titiralauqpuq Uqalimaagarmik taijaujumik I, Nuligak sauminganiittuq 1930 atuqtillugit. Taliqpilaarmit tugliujuq Raddi Kowichuk. N-1979-050-0119 Archibald Lang Fleming/NWT Archives N-1988-041-0417 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT Archives N-1988-041-0417 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT N-1988-041-0646 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT Archives N-1988-041-0646 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT x4I3F1u rQxa÷6gi4 urQx6gi4 WbcsMs6S5 kNo4 ∫8N bs6¥Fs?4hi !(#) xg6t9lQ5 x0pos6bs9li. Aklavik was a centre of muskrat trapping and trade in the 1930s when this photo was taken. Ak&arvingmi kigiangujaaqtunik mikigiaqtunik pitaqaulauqput x0pos6bsÔ4 ∫4fx4 “iqs6 usE x7ml ~o Nunalik taanna tauqsiiviuvaksuni 1930 Atuqtillugit ajjiliuqtaulluni. x8kÇ6ymÔ4 ju6g6ysti4.” This photo is identified as “Old Mary and Charlie in dancing costume.” Ajjiliuqtaujuuk taakkuak “ningiuq Miuri ammalu Saali annuraaqsimajuuk mumiqtuqsiutinik.”

W8ax6gw5 x3Nw5 wkFxlw5 x7m x9Mw5 !(#) xg6t9lQ5 Tug-of-war between Inuvialuit and Gwich’in women, 1930s Pinnguaqtuit arnait inuvialuit amma allait 1930 atuqtillugit N-1988-041-0542 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT Archives N-1988-041-0542 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT

30 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 wMi[l wMQ/q9l bµi !($)-u Elanik and family around 1940. Elaniglu ilagijangillu tamaani 1940-mi N-1990-003-0074 Mary Saich /NWT Archives N-1990-003-0167 Mary Saich/NWT Archives

∫my sms6 ∫8N wkFx¬9li yK9o6Ùa9li xJE6hwpsFi6 bµi !($)-u. Thomas Umaok, the first Inuvialuit Anglican minister, around 1940. Thomas Umaok taanna inuvialuulluni sivulliqpaangulluni ajuriqsuijiuviniq Tamaani 1940-mi. N-1979-050-0010 Archibald Lang Fleming N1988-041-0403 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT Archives N1988-041-0403 Jack and Kay Wood/NWT

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 31 wkFxlw5 xuh5 bm4fNi4 yƒˆcMs6S5 sfx5 x0pq8i5. whx6©9lt4 bEs4ƒ5tx6ht4 xqJil sycD1N6ht4. Many Inuvialuit had schooners like these. They were comfortable and seaworthy, and could carry a large load. Inuvialuit amisut tamakkunanik sikuunaaqalauqput ukuat ajjinginnit. Isuaqtuullutik J. Alfred Cook/NWT Archives N-1991-041-0037 Dr. tariukkuuttiaqsutik angijunilu usiqarungnaqsutik.

KC5 √W8©2 yƒNz kx5 y∫u4 Gs9lEx3u4 ˚hw5gu4H bw/sJ6, w√h1jx6t9lA bs6¥/6g6hi ßmJ5 xuq8i4 c9lˆk5 ≈Zy !(%%-u. kv2Wx6 ∫8N cspmFs4V Fred Carpenter’s schooner North Star in from Ikaahuk (Sachs Harbour) to trade with southern fur buyers in August 1955. Do you know the boy? Fred Carpenterup sikuunanga North Star (ulluriarmik

N1979-051-1178 Doug Wilkinson/NWT Archives N1979-051-1178 Doug Wilkinson/NWT nuusuittumik) taijaujuq, Ikaahungmuaqtillugu tauqsiijaqtuqsuni uumajut aminginnik qallunaanut aagasi 1955-mi. Nukappiaq taanna qaujimaviuk?

yƒNs2 kx5 ybs2 çz, bf4nsJ3l yr©. kv2Wx6 bo6W¨5g6 kx √W8∫aJ6, µ8N ¬4∫ao6g6 GwLx6nwpH. View of the North Star deck, showing an early snowmobile. The boy on the right is Noah Carpenter, now a medical doctor.

Sikuunaup North Starup qaanga, takuksaujurlu sikituu. Archives N-1979-051-1177 Doug Wilkinson/NWT Nukappiaq taliqpimiittuq Noah Carpenterngujuq, maanna luuktaanguliqtuq (I&uaqsaiji).

32 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 N-1990-003-0171 Mary Saich/NWT Archives N-1990-003-0181 Mary Saich/NWT Archives.

sfx5 wobEFQ5 N9oxq5V ∫8N x0pos6bsJ6 !($)-u bµi. Do you recognise these little ones? The picture was taken about 1940. usE ed6 bµi !($)-u. Ukuat ilitarivigit nalliangit? Taanna ajjiliuqtaujuq 1940-mi tamaani. Mary Kikkok, about 1940. Mary Kikkok tamaani 1940-mi.

xa5 ∫8N KC5 sx9rsJ6. xyq5 wobE8i DFQ5 wk4gt5 scoµZos6t5 cspt8ix6Xt5 r©z1mΩb. The man in this photo is Fred Wolki. If you can identify the others please contact Inuktitut. Angut taanna Fred Wolkiujuq. Asingit ilitarinniruvigit Inuktutit uqalimaagaliuqtit qaujitinniaqpatit kituungangmangaata. N1990-003-0204 Mary Saich/NWT Archives

eg3z‰5 x4I3F1usb5 !(@@-u. cspmFQ5V xat xg6g6 widN6nsti4 nN8ax6ymJi4 ©Û3j5 ci3ui c6hzui w[l4g5 Sgos6ymJ4f5. A family at Aklavik in 1922. Do you know them ? The man is wearing labrets, ivory ornaments inserted in holes pierced under the corners of the bottom lip. Qiturngariit Ak&arvingmiutat 1922-mi. Qaujimavigit? Anguti atuqtuq iniqunaqsautinik N1979-004-0261 Fred C. Jackson/NWT Archives sanannguaqsimajunik tuugaarmut qanirmini qaqsungamini igluktut putuliuqsimajukkut.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 33 xˆNŒ4 ∫4fx4 wob3N6X4V scoµZ4nos6t5 cspt8ix6Xt5. Do you recognize this mother and child? Please contact Inuktitut. Anaanagiik taakkuak ilitarnaqpak? Uqalimaagaksaliuqtit qaujitinniaqpatit. N-1990-003-0058 Mary Saich/NWT Archives

N-1990-003-0079 Mary Saich/NWT Archives Sif2l4 ∫8N xw2XcMs3m5 c9lˆu4

ei6tu4 FMjx3 yb?8n8u4. N 1990-003-0201 Mary Saich/NWT Archives Punigubluk, whose common-law husband was the explorer Vilhjalmur Stefansson. Punikupluk taanna aippaqalaurmat qallunaamik qiniqtimik Vilhjalmur Stefanssonmik.

iFx6~5 SCsi5 x7m usE nw5. N1990-003-0050 Mary Saich/NWT Archives A group of brownies with Mary Saich. Niviaqsaat puraunit amma Mary Saich.

34 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 s9lw5 çq6ymJ5 yKzibw5 xwWo x5nbb si4√6g6 xW6hwMs6g6: Íb cw6g6 BxMwg3

DAYS GONE BY by Abel Atsatata Researcher: Bertha Kairtok Holeiter

ULLUIT QAANGIQSIMAJUT SIVUNGANITAIT Abel Atsatata unikkaaqtuq Apiqsuilauqtuq: Bertha Kairtok Holeiter

∫8N n6rtbs4v8i6S6 d/N6ht4 This article is reprinted with the kind Taanna saqqititaukkanniqpuq qujanaqsutik xq3mb Them Days-4f5 ˜SxgxEu permission of Them Days Magazine. angirmata Them Days-kkut Labradorimi scoµZ4nos6t5. uqalimaagaksaliuqtit. I was born in Antalik in 1916. My w˚oMs6Sz x8No1u !(!^-u. x∫- father, Amos Atsatata had to baptize Antalimi inuulisimavunga. Ataatama bZ xwj{ x5nbb X2tQxcMs6∫z me when I was a baby because I was paptisimavaanga nutagautillunga im- kbC˜at9lz ≈8ixlxMsCm Nwi- so sick and he couldn’t get to Nain. maqaa atausimik taqqimik inuulitillun- jxD1NMs8q5hb. xˆNZ mfEb My mother was Margarita Fry before ga qanimapalinnigamaguuk, immaqaa KCw-u4 xtcMs6S6 sw∫Ms6t8NA she married my father. Her parents maunngagunnanngiummalluunniit x∫b8i4. xzJ6√cMs6S6 √8Ç5u4 were Conrad and Hulda Fry. Hulda Nainimut. Ataatagilautaga Amos Atsa- x7m ß9bu4 KCw-u4. ß9b ∫8N was a Tuttauk before she married tangulautuk anaanaga Margareta uiga- x∫b5yx8i4 swcMs6t8NA xtc- my grandfather. Hulda was from sulluni Fry-ngusimajuk Conrad Fry-mik Hopedale, where her brother Abia was ataataqalluni Huldamik anaanaqalluni the leader of the Hopedale people. uigasulluni Tuttaungusimajuk, itsumau- My grandmother Hulda’s mother lautuup Abiap Tuttauviniup Hopedale- was Verona, and her father was miuviniup najanga. Hopedale-limi Abel, whom I am named after. I tainna Abia angijuqqaangusimajuk, had a sister named Verona after aglaat atjinnguanga maannakkut taku- my great-grandmother. Our grand- laumijaga Hopedale-mut aqqusaagatta mother called my sister and me sikuunakkut. Tainna anaanattiaga Hulda “father” and “mother” because we anaanaqasimajuk Verona-mik, ataata- were named for her parents. Grand- qalluni Abeli-mik, taimalluni uvannik mother Hulda later became Lidd. ataatamik kisiani taisilauttuk, najanga- I went to visit the old mission nik Verona-mik anaanaqalluni. Tainna

Courtesy of Abel Atsatata/Them Days Archives house in Hopedale not long ago. anaanatsiaga ukuninga Sam Lyall-kunnik There I saw the picture of Abia ilaqatsiasialaujuk Christina-mik Sami-k- xwX9 x5nbb x7m ~4 bs8o. Tu ttauk, my grandmother’s brother. kut anaananganik, qatagautilluasialuat- Abel Atsatata and Zack Townley. I think my grandmother Hulda and tuk. Taimaillugu taanna Sami-kkut angi- Abel Atsatata amma Zack Townley. Christine Lyall, Sam Lyall’s mother, juttippaanga Christine qatagautivuguk.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 35 Ms6S6 g5bs7u4. ß9b x3F6©3- were cousins. I don’t know for sure, Ataataga qanutsiak pisimammangat usbsMs6S6 Gß2bwous5 ˜SCg- but that’s what they called each other. qaujimaalunngilanga, mikijualuulautil- xEuH, x7ml xiz xWx yKos6- Sam’s oldest daughter Christine Baikie lunga qimasimagakku qanimatillugu tQ/s9li x3F6©3usk5. and I call each other “katak”, cousin. qaujimallugu qanimajuk ugguagipal- xˆN5txm ß9bs2 xˆNz ∫8N When our mother died our father lugu, tainna anaanaga tuqummat nuu- KDN-u4 xtcMs6S6, x∫bzl xw- got sick and couldn’t look after us, so titaukaujuvuguk najagalu Markus Lidd- Wos9li, xt6∫3FQC/ ∫8N. N/cM- Markus Lidd, the father of Eugene kkunnut. Taitsuma Markusip pinasua- s6Sz KDNu4 xtcMs6gu4 xmsE- Lidd, took us in. It was hard to leave giamik ilinniatilaujunngilanga kisiani Ms6b5t8i4 xtc6hi. ∫4fx4 x∫b5- our dad because we really loved him. Ephriam Merkuratsumit ilinniasima- txK5 xˆN5txK5 s?8i4 N/8il I don’t remember what happened vunga pinasuagiamik. Taimaillugu bwyMs6Í4 xˆNu4 x∫bul. xˆN5- to my dad because I was only six years tainna Ephriap irninga Jacko ilinniati- txK5 ß9b ∫8N raizi xt6∫- old at the time. Markus Lidd didn’t galaqattalauttaga illuvigaliugiamik pina- Ms6S6 o5-u4. teach me how to hunt because I left suagiamillu tavvatuak sugunaqatigi- x3F6©3jxCm g4yx3Fgc6 bf/6- him as soon as I was old enough, gunnasialuqataanagu mikijuaqulau- g6hA, x0p8ax3ul bfMs6Sz xWx because he used to beat me up. I ninganut. Ilaannilu piujukkut pisuli- g5bs7u4, xˆN5txm xizi4. xˆN5- had my sister move out too, and she gaigannuk maujanngittukkut angum- txC ß9b x7ml fE{†8 Mw/9, ~u got married but she died shortly after. matiqatikasuaqattallugu pijaqqumik MwÔ2 xˆNz c∫‰a∂Ms6©4 Gw9l- I moved to Ephraim Merkuratsuk’s pisuqatigillugu, taimailluni pisullua- Œ4H. cspµi8q5gz c∫‰9MEsMs3- and it was he who taught me how galappanguqquuqtuk tainna. Ilinnia- mΩt4 ryxi4 bwµ4 xa6bCstc5- to hunt. tiqattalauttaga ataatangata ilinniatiqat- bMs6S6. s?zl fE{†8 Xwrl, I left Ephraim’s when I got married talaummanga. Ilinniatitausimagama ~us2 xzJ5tdtz c∫u4 xa6g- the first time, but I in turn taught ataatanganut qaujimalunngitaga sugu- Cstc5b6SA4. his son Jack how to hunt and build sigalautillugu suli qimaalaujugakkit xˆNK5 gdMs3m5 x∫bK5 ≈8ix- an igloo. I took Jacko along when I anatagama sivullipaami. Silutalimmi oMs6hi s?5t8i vmJ1NMs8q7m5 went hunting, walking that is. Some- aglaat tigulajigasimalaujummijuk uka- vmQ/stbsMs6SA4 µf{ o5-4f8k5, times when he came along with me limmik uumajumik. Tutsunut tikiu- x∫bzb ws0π8 ots2. x4hD3N6g- I used to walk really fast, on purpose. tigamiuk nuluajamut pitunillauk x¬Ms6S6 x∫bK5 em4hA N[oQlx- He used to have a hard time to keep uumatillugu uqaqusimanngimagit- Ms6ymZ5tA5 szQ9lA. xsMp8q5- up with me. I was training him how tuninga nuliittugalaulluni, anaananga gz x∫bK5 hMs3mΩ6, srscgw8- to walk, and now Jacko walks fast all tutsuliagami quatsaapasimanialluni takugamiuk tainna ukalik. Utjumik amma naulinigiamik takunnatigumal- laqattalaummijagaluaga namaqqiqati- gigunnalaujunngitaga utjulimmi, nauk- kut naulittausuungummangaat atsug- unnianngimagilluni, taimaak takunna- tigumaqattalaujugaluattaga, qiluqqiga- suagaluagami atsugugunnanngimag- illuni. Taimaak Ephriap ilinniatilauju- vaanga, atausialluni naulinitilaujuvaanga taimaak nauligasuallugu, atsuila taimaak naulinniallugu. Pinasuagiamik ilin- niatitaugalappaqattalaugaluaqqunga, sunaillu piugijaunippaummangaatalu Courtesy of Susan Martin/Them Days Archives katilluni niqitsaulluni ajuqituttauqatta- lunga aulaasimasunnguliguma. Ukuat qunguliit tulligunnait uqaujait uqauja- kuluillu pingajut nunami mikijut utsu- tallugit nigijauqattalauttut. Amma paun- nait aaqisullugit agganitautillugit paunga- ysC, sux6g6t m4uM8, w2Cw7, x7m bWx u6fC5h4. tumautigillugit suvattut aaqisullugit, Sara, Captain MacMillan, Regina, Ephraim, and Tabea Merkuratsuk. auqatuagamik puijiup aunganik taimait- Sara, umiaqtuqti MacMillan, Regina, Ephraim, amma Tabea Merkuratsuk tunik nigiqattalauqqugut. Kikkuat uviluit

36 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 kanajuit kanajugait aulasaujallugit tiningalimmat niqittiapaluit qanikit- tunik taujauqattalauttut. Qukugautijut taimaittunik sunatuinnanik nigiqatigi- igumajut tupiit, allaat maannaqqami- ikasak, taimaittuqagunniimmagiqquk. Tuttuillu tunnuqammata tunnungit piuliuqajauqattallutik tutuup illunga- nut takiumut puuqallutik. Ammalu Courtesy of Alice Perrault/Them Days puijiup aunga utjuup innaluanganut puuqallugit panitsianguqattallutik autiunigattaullutik inummut niqtasaul- lutik, mamaqtupaaluit aglaat nigiqat- taqsimavunga taimaittunik aunik panit-

wkw5 tqCsbo4ƒ6g5 c/4f9l r9oi3u !()^-u. tunik. Nigijaugajagunnaimmagiqqut immaqaa maanna, kisiani qallunaat Inuit in sailboat and qajaq, Killiniq, 1906. Inuit tingirautalikkuuqtut qajakkullu Killinirmi 1906-mi. niqinginnik maanna nigijumalimmata. Tamakkuat nigijaugunnaimmagittut, niqiummangaataluunniit ippigijaujun- naittut. Niqigijauqattaqlauttut tait- NMsCm ^-i4. µf{ o5 ∫8N WNhx- the time. I used to teach him which sumani niqigijautillugit takujaugutik Qxu wo5tFQMs8qbC xq9ogxCm kind of snow is good for building takujaugutik takugiuttauqattaligajattut. eµMs6ymZ4f, ≈8i6hc5bMs3µz. snowhouses. I did these things because Makkuat tiigijauqattalauttut mamait- N/Zl xyxkx6tMs6XC, sw∫Ms6- his father, Ephraim, taught them to tuqutiit kigutanginnaqutiit paunnait hil ryxi4 eM7u4 gdMs6g6. me. I left Ephraim when Jacko was tiitsiasuat sukaqanngikkaluagamik piu- k5tMs6Sz w2Ex7 ueZ5h4f8k5 still quite a small boy. Jacko became jutsuat taikkuat, taimaittunik nigigu- WNhx3i3ul wo5t=FQZ4f. such a fast walker that once he even maluaqattalauttut ilangit, sungiusima- yK9o3u4 kox6∫Cm ryxi4 w2Ex7- took a live rabbit home. He tied it to laugamik nunajanik. Amma ikkua 4f8•A8•Ms6Sz, ryxi4 w3iz /wf a rope inside the house but he didn’t qanimajunut atuttauqattalaujut ujagait wo8ix6tMs6bC WNhx3i3u4 w[lF- tell anyone, and when his mother quajautingit igallugit makkua ujagaup Zos3i3ul. /wfl Wh5hk4 WNhxct- went to the porch she got some qaanganiittut piijasuut qillitait amingit, Qc5bMs6bC. w˜8i4f5 wMsoÇz5 fright. I used to want to teach Jacko amigijattangit ujagait igallugit imanga ∫8N hvJx¬c5bMs6Sz W÷E9lA. how to harpoon a square-flipper, but iijauqattalauttuk qanimajunut aannia- x4hDc5bMs6S6 em4bs5bwoZh5hi. we were never together where the junullu, pullittumullu minnguagut Wh5tx3i3u4 wo8ix6t8NhxClx6bC, square-flippers were. There is a iijauqattallutik. Makkualu mamaittu- µ8No /wf hvJx¬9li WhA8N5txCl- way to harpoon them, after they qutialuit ivutsukaillu amangit iluani- x6S6. wo8ix6tc5bMs3u/C xSt4- are wounded, by not using all your itingit ijagijauqattallutik. Makkua ma- n6ys3i3u4 w[lFZ4n5tx?sJi4. bwµ4 strength. Ephraim taught me how maittuqutialuit katjusiallugit sanaugau- wo8ix6tbC x∫bzi5 wo8ix6tb- to harpoon. jalittillugit siqalillugit aanniapajunut sMsCm. w2Ex7-4f•c5bD1•oMs6Sz In those days, if you wanted to eat aanniagunnaitittisuut uunallutik aanni- /wf ho ur5©t9lA. /wf Wh[li hv- with your neighbours or the whole amut, taimaittunik aglaat atuttitauqat- Jx¬c5boMs6S6 x[˜¬8•5 svo3u4 camp, you’d shout at them to come tasimavunga. Amma uppigait makua xaJ6 Wh5hi. ßm9li xq3Cs0pZ- and join in the meal – caribou, seal, nalliakiak uppialugait uqaujaqutiun- us4 w[¬2 wlxi wW6hA rNgw8N3j5 mussels, or whatever. ngikkutik qalaattunut piujupappat, sc6bwo9li, xˆNz g6h3kx3m5 d4- We used to dry all parts of the ukaliillu amingit utsugalanga qalaat- n9M4gx¬Ms6SÎ6. /wf wo8ix6tAm- caribou, including the aqiagut (intes- siutigijauqattalauttuk. Amma siugait c5bMs6bClxC sˆ3j5 xaNhx3i3u4 tines). In those days you’d never waste aanniajunut uunattuutillugit naligiju- s[J1i4, ryxi4 vtmMs6ym8q8N8k4 any part of the caribou except the bile. mut ilijauqattallutik. s[Jc3i3u. Nso4bs/Exc3m5 Ns4f5 The aqiagut are very good with boiled Nakkasimajuvinimmik imaasimaju- bmsz x4hDlx6bwolt4. w2Ex7 caribou meat along with seal fat, and mik kamagiamik ilinniasimagivunga. wo8ix6tbs3µz Nso1i3u4. the aluk is very good too, dried or Qaujimaqattanngimmagiqunga nak- bw2hmi kN6vt1i4 iEcbsdp- fresh. We used to save the caribou fat kasimajuvinimmik, inugiaqallutik inu- JmΩzF5, g6h˜gw8NExcMs6St5 in a bag which is inside the caribou. giaqallutik inuuluqatanngittut ilangit.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 37 iEcbsd9lQ5, g4©ZlxDi, N5ysZ- The seal blood was dried too, by Nakkasimajuvinik paammangatillugu lxDi, sF¬ZlxDi hNsZlxDi¬8•5. putting it inside the square-flipper’s taligiik tunnuaniitillugik tunuagut g4gw5 ieoµq5 u4foxE?Ms6- intestines. I had some of that and it tuingata atagut niinnikallagialik pinga- XK5 w1Nlxq9¬8•5 xexDq9¬8•5. is really good. suatillugu, taimaak pillugu imanga bw5hmi hNf5toµz iE/4nsc5- I was taught what to eat when iiqasimajanga kuvisuuk, taimaak piqal- bMs6S6 ryxi4 hzz W5bwo/- you’re in the country. The sorrel is lugu niqalangatillugu taligiik tigumial- sm9li. xexDq5 mm6gxlw5 i´9l really good and so are blueberry lugik sagvinganut aittuqattallugit amma ßJos6ymJ5 N5y9l s6hq5, x7ml bushes in the spring when they are pingasuatillugu anitsaasuuk niinikallal- xl4 mm6gx¬9li, Xi6ymli nN/- green. Willow leaves are really good lugu sagvingagut. Qapuqapagaluappat so~6ymli¬8•5. g4gw5 g8kq5 with fresh seal fat. We’d eat seaweed, qaningani qapunga allatitaugiaqanngim- Íc5bMs6bK5 g4©2 wlxi. baby sculpins, mussels, and all sorts magittuk, taanna qapunga aninninga- N5ys2 xszl Xi6tbs?Ms6S6 of food. We made tea with Labrador nut ilingammat, aninningata ilagim- s[Jw5 w1Nlxq5b wlxi Xi6- tea and blueberry bushes and other mauk. Inuuniaguni qaujisuuk uqanga y6tbs9lt4. bwmw5gi4 WMs6ymZm bushes. They are good without sugar. nusullugu tigujaugami anippasuungum- mm6gx¬Ms6S6. Lots of people prefer them to other mat aulajjappat. Inuuniattuk anitsaaga- wo8ix6tbsMs6ymZm hNi4 kinds of tea. lappat inuuniattuk nalunanngimmagittuk. iEQx4n6 kN¨9li. daø5 mm6- All these things wouldn’t even be Taimaittugalannik annugaaqaqatta- gxlw5, scs/w9l sW3Ω4f5 WD- eaten today, I believe. They only eat laujuvunga anaanatsiama sanautiqatta- o~6t9lQ5. x¿Mex5 scs/q5bs6 store-bought food now. If the younger laummanga tuttujanik piujijanillu. Taik- mm6gw5 N5ys2 s6hzi4 s6ho6hQ5. people saw anyone eat what we used kua annugaagalait takuqattalauttakka iE?Ms6SA5bs6 edx3i4, vNJC- to eat, they would just look and not Hebronimi Nutaami Uqamilu. Tai- ˜3i4 sFl1il x7ml iei4 x0p- believe it. maittunik annugaaqalauttut miqqui- Œ8q5gi4 xuhxl1i4. †os6XM- We used all kinds of things for jasimajunik qutsutatsiavanik tuttujanik s6SA9l MSCgxEu †u4 x7ml medicines. We’d warm sand inside kamiqallutik miqqulinnik. Tuttuup Xs3zw5 scs/q8k5, scs/3k9l a cloth and use it like a hot-water niungit miqqukinningit pualigijauqat- xyq8k5 †os6ht4. hvo8q4vlx3lQ5 bottle for abdominal pain. We’d eat talauttut ilulliqanngimmagittillugit mm6gxlw5. xuh5 ∫4fNiΩ6 †gD- tall grass roots for medicine. Really atuttauqattallutik, aglaat taimaittunik mi6nsc5bMs6S5. big willows were used to cure scabs, pualuqasimavunga aggaijannanngim- bm4fxoµ5 s9lu x[˜5 ieQ/sc5- and rabbit’s fat was also used on scabs. magittut nillatappagaluammat taimait- b8q7mE4S5. s9luo isF3F1u8Ω6- Rock lichens (black ones) were boiled tunik unuttunik takusimavunga. Amma gi4 iEJmi6nsc5b3mb. sF4vw5 and the juice was given to the sick atausiallunga qaujilaugivunga tutuup bwmw5gi4 iEJi4 bfZ/Dt4 bsg- person to drink or it was applied to amingit qisiqatsianngimmat qajanut amigijauqattatillugit utsumut mingua- simallugit, amma tuttujait tupigijau- qattalaummijut qisijaillu, taimaittuni- isimavunga atausianngimmagillunga sugusiullunga nulittukasangulillungalu. Takugiulaujuvinga tuttjamik tupimmik angijumik Ramah-mi, Semion Nocha- saup tupingani aullagutigiqattattanga- nik Ramah-miilluta 1926-mi, taitsu- mani William Nochasak sugusiuqatigi- laujaga uvannit angijulliutillugu amma Nachavamiilaujugivugut atausialluta Manase Foxe, amma uvannit angijulli-

Courtesy of Kate Hettasch/Them Days Archives ummitillugu, Saglimmiiqattallutalu, taikkua Saglimiut tupiqaqqattalauttut qisijanik, taikkua qisijait tupiit anugaa- gunnanngimmagittut qausiliqqugun- nanngittulluunniit silalullagaluammat Nwiu !(@&-u qanukiak aaqisusimaqattalauttut tupit- Nain, 1927. siammagiullutik nutsutiqanngimmagil- Nainimi 1927-mi lutik. Takugiulaujuvunga illumik ujaga-

38 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 gw8N3ltcw s4WEZ/8qbq5. any swollen area. Labrador tea was mik qammalimmik Ramah-mi, qulaa- xuhxl1i4 w˚oistcMs6SA5 also used for medicine. You’d take lik nunajamik, nillatapanngimmagittuk whx6nsti4 ≈8ix6gk5. ysC3u4 the leaves and pound them until itjilippagaluammat quannagunnanngit- ßN6ytbsJu4 Í6y9lb xg6bs?M- they were like powder, warm them tulluunniit. Ujagait qammangit aaqisu- s6S6 ˆaJj5. wF5 brJxlw5 up, and put them on the wound simajut puttukiullutik, utjuup innalu- xmq5 whx6nsbsc5bMs6S9l. wherever the pain was. I even used nanginnik igalaalik silatijasimajunik. x¿Mex9l xqJ5 ro6gj5 muns- them when I was small. Sikugasualimmat kisiani taakkua iga- bs?Ms6S5, x7ml svø5 s6hq5. To save a drowning victim, you’d laangugamik innaluit ilugalasuut. Tait- dx/st5 e3i6bw5 wm3u c˜6- put the person lying face down, put sumani annugaaqaqatigillugit taimait- bs9lt4 wuZz ≈8ix6gj5 wuC- his arms to his back, and press down tunik tuttujanik qisiijanillu, kamiit tut- stbs?Ms6S6 s=?l SF1i3j5 three times; by this time he should tujait tagiumi atuttaugunnanngimmag- whx6nDbs?Ms6hi. ˜SCgxE †l be breathing. If foam starts coming illutik kinisagaimmata, tagiunngugun- xg6bs?Ms3uJ6 w˚oisbs9li. out of his mouth, don’t wipe it away. naimmat tuttujait atuttauluaqattallutik scs/q5 vs4g6hQ5 ßN6yt6hQ9l This foam is connected to his breath, kamigijaullutik qulittagijaullutillu wo9lQ5 ro3i3j5 s=?l ≈8i6gj5. so it must never be wiped off. Even Aulatsivimmi annugaanik takulauju- x[˜5 xgc5bMs6ym/4v5 ur5©t9lz. if the drowning victim is not breath- vunga qanutsuatuinnak sanansimaju- wµ6gcoDil X9lztMs3lA bo- ing, he can start again if you do nik, piugippalaujakka nillianngimma- q[l etzk5 Ne9lQ4 Wzhw6t3- these things to him. George Harp gillunga sugusiulaujugama iligasuppal- lt5. m4W3lAl boQ4 rxtzk5 taught me this. lunga, annugaanginnik piutsappallunga. Ne 9lQ9l Wzhw6t3lt5, bwm In those days there were no motor Atausiannanga Aulatsivimmut aiqatau- xi6~oC/6S6. cSoAil x9M6bw- boats – only punts and other small simavunga, ilangani Killinimiunik o5tx3lA, bm8N cSoi6 xi6~zk5 rowboats. I remember the ships that taikkua Aulatsivimmiut ilaqaqataullutik. xb1m5, x9M6bs5bwo5txExc6hi. used to come and the men used to Taikkua Aulatsivimmiut mattaanik niqil- ∫8N wµ6g6 xi6~8q4vlxDi¬8•5 unload them with rowboats. Now if itsiavauqattallutik, natsinik qaiguliat- bwmwosDFs4 xi6~oC/6S6. bm8N I had to row a boat for too long, I’d sunik mattautiqaqattallutik, angijualuit Jx50 ≈2-u5 wo8ixMs6ym?C. have a really hard time. ilangit mattaanut tatattut ukiutsuititsanik piuliuqqaisimajut. Harmony-kkut Killiniliaqatausimagaluagivunga, tainna Harmony akiqanngimmagilluni inut- taqalluni niqingilluunniit akiqaqtinnagit inunnut Mission-ninullu pujuligijaulluni. Taimattunik annugaagalannik atut- tauluasimajunik takusimaalunngilanga. Anaanatsiaga kisimik sanasuunguqquu- laujuk taimaittunik annugaagalannik sivulligalajait annugaanginnik, ukua- minik Markus Liddip anaananganik Selmamik ilinniatitsiqattalaujuugaluak, wk4 ˜SCgxEus5 tainna sanasuungulaummijuk Ikey Liddip e7uq9l. anaananga. Taikkunanngat Markus A Labrador Inuk with Liddikkunnit nuulaujuvunga aanniti- his dogs. galappaqattalimmanga amma najaga Inuk Labradorimiut Verona nuutimmillugu, angutiqalitain- qimmingillu. nalluni tuqusimalaujuk. Tamannuk najagalu taimaittunik annugaaqaqatta- laujuvuguk sugusiullunuk, tainna naja- gilauttaga uvannit angijuttiutillugu. Tuttuup niunginnik miqqulinnik pua- luqaqattallunuk nasaqallunullu. Amma siutiqattillugit, niaqunga kukuugillugu, taimaak sanajaullattalauttut qungasinga qanukkiak aaqillugu. Tigiganniatut

S. Woodward/Them Days Archives S. Woodward/Them siutaitausimallutik sauninga piittausi-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 39 Courtesy of Rev. S. Hettasch/ Them Days Archives Courtesy of Rev.

r9oi6 !())-u. Killiniq in 1900. Killiniq 1900-mi.

bw2hmi sux5 xsM0Jtcc5bM- In Hebron there was no wood – mallugu, Apriliulimmat uunalluatuin- s8q5g5, wSto1k5 ryxi4 sux6- only coal – but the people would row nattut. Qisijailli taimaak tuttuujatitut g6gc5bMs6ym1m5. xsMpKz su- to Napartok and get their wood. uunatigilunngittut quijannanngittuu- x3Jx3i4 gr5gcc5bMs6t9lA x7ml I used to go to Killinek on the galuat ukiumi anugaalunnginnami. isCw9lt4 wSo1k5. µ8No wSo4ƒ- Harmony. It was free – and free meals. Aputik sitijuutillugu atitsaligami aputik Ex cC/Dm bwµ4 bc5txoC/6Sz. It was a missionary boat. It used to go aqittugalaugaluattillugu piattualutuin- bwvi B∑SÇiu eJ4bcMs8q7m5, to Ramah too. At Ramah there were nait annugaagijaugamik pallautautu- Xsq8N3i4 xgZ4ncMs6S5, ryxi4 all kinds of animals: walrus, white agamik situggiutautjagamilu. Tuttujait wkw5 bwvi wSo4ƒ6ht4 NÙ6gc3- whales, and many other mammals. taimaak piattulunngittut situgunnalun- i3j5 eJ4bExc5bMs6ht4. bw5hmio Both my sister and I used to wear ngittut. Tamakkuali puijijait qaqqami sux3i4 xsM0JtcMs8q7mb. c5¥Nf- skin clothing. We used to have caps atitsagutigilllugit majugalluniluunniit ¬Ms6S5 xsM0Jtc6gw5. made out of the caribou leg skins. pallautautuagamik piunngittualutuin- r9oi3jxc5bMs6ymKz sux3Jx4f5 They are really warm. We also had nait. Amma tuttujait qamutigijauqatta- ≈mi4f5. xrcMs8q5g6 x7ml iE- mitts made from the same skins with laummijut, magguuk tuttuuk pingasul- tbsc5bMs6hb xrc8q5gj5. g4y- the fur inside. Sometimes people made luunniit uiguligiitillugit quatillugit x6t5tpk5 sux3JxE/sMs3m5. Çmj- them with cotton inners, but you nunajamut aaqiillugit silittuulitillugit xc5bMs3uJzl. Çmu ßmJ6bcsc5- don’t need inners for those mitts. iluqatillugit una ataa qijungnik aaqisiv- bMs6S6; xwF3i4, eMlZ3i4 cf6- The caribou head skin was also vigillugu qanukkiak nunagammik siimit- bi4 x7ml xyq8i4 Wbcs6hi. used for coats. You’d leave the head sivigillugu piattupagaluit, uqumaitsapa- s?zl N/Zl bm8k4 xu3i4 on and use that part for a hood. You’d galuagamik siqumigunnanngimmagittut, x8kÇcc5bMsC8k4. Nncc5bMs6hbl leave the ears on with the ear bones qanukkiak sanajauqattalauttut. g4gw5 isq5b u6fq8k5 nNymJi4. removed. I don’t know exactly how Taikkuat umiallu qisijait amigijau- s6ƒJ5. Sxlcc5bMs6hbl bwmw5- they did it, but the inner part of the qattallutik qisijanik qaujimalaummijakka,

40 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 aglaat namminik qajaqalaujuvunga annaqalillunga sivullipaamik, qajait sungiutijautuagamik nangiannanngim- magittut, atuttaulitainnallutik nangia- nattuppat, sungiusimajuatsialigamik nangiannanngiluat umiagammit. Qila- lugammik naulinigiulaujuvunga tait- sumani qajaqallunga qaqqamit qukisi- mallugu 30-30mut qukiutimut takiju-

R.W. Brock/National Archives PA045188 R.W. mut. Ukua qukiutiulittut qukiutiulaut- tut pilugunnaittut tagaitsiijiit akitujua- luulillutillu, tagvainnak ilulingit tiki- laugatik tusuungulittut. Utjujamik ikiatsimajumik maminga takusimagivunga, annagilauttaga Jenny eg3z‰4gw5 r9oi3usb5, !(!)-u. ikiatsisimalaujummat nutaami Budgel- Family in Killiniq, 1910. liup pitsanganik ikiatsimalaujuk attua- Qiturngariiktuit Killinirmiutat, 1910-mi. lummik utjumik qisinga atausik mag- guulitillugu, maminga tuttujaujallittil- lugu. Tainna Jenny qanutuinnak pillu- gi4 wlxi u6fc6ht4. wMq5 c9- ear was removed like you take the appangulauttuk avanimiujaulaugami lˆ6bk5 wl2Wxosc5bMs6S5 Sxl- ears off a fox – not the fur, just the Mitsimatalimmiujaulauttuk. Taikkua q8k5 ryxi4 g4©2 xuzk5 nN/s- bones. They are really warm but utjut ikiasimajut qalligiijausuut, qisin- ymJ5 wl2Wx6bcExc8q5g5. much too warm for April. Seal skin gata maminga kinigunnanngimmagit- g4©2 ixdzbl u6fz do5bk5 is not as warm as the caribou skin, tuk, taimaak aaqiisisimalauttuk aullasi- xg6bs?Ms6S6. ixdzb u6fz but it isn’t too bad because it’s not matillunga takunnaalulaujungittaga „6bwolA do5b3j5 NnE/stbs?- drafty in winter. Seal skin is more aullasimalaujugama, kisiani silami Ms6S6. ys†[l „6bwolQ5 nsiq4 slippery than caribou. If you happen sagaitsilittillugu takullugu. ryxi4 „3lQ4. ck9MErx6 bwmw5- to be climbing or walking on snow Amma tuttuup aqiagunga iluani gos6XMs6S5, ystQ5b ns•8Nq5 on a steep slope, once you start slip- innaluangillu panitsiagijauqattallutik, „3lQ5 ˙3l tEZ8ix6tg5, u6fzl ping, with seal skin you don’t stop. iluunnammaginginni iqqavingit igitau- „6bwolA. s6ƒ5tx6©Zlx5 ryxi4 The caribou skin is not slippery. gunnasiaqattalaungittut, tagvatuak s6ƒNlx˙5 ∑SEou sW3Ω4f5. N5y5 Caribou skin is used for many things: sunganga. Iluunnatik panitsianguqat- eyq5 ß6ƒNlx8q8i6nsJ5, ryxi4 coats, mitts, boots, caps, sleeping tallutik, iluunnamaginga niqiummat, ckwlx8q5g5bs6 srs4f5 hF3- material, and much more. aqiagummialua iluunnaani aqiagungalu N8q8i6nsJ5. N5y5 eyq5 Wx1i6- Caribou skin was also used for uujuttumautaulluni utsuqallunilu pui- nsK5 g4gw5 u6fq8iszi5. mJC- sledges. You’d take two or three jip utsunganik mamattusuangummat DF5 Wh4vlxDF9¬8•5 sFzi3u xS- whole caribou skins and freeze them aluk qisaguak, panitsianguqattamillu- to1u, dx/enDF5 k6v0÷8qgw8- with sods, and make a hollow so that nilu. Amma ikkua aggaugusiunigattau- NC /6St5 ey4ymAF5. g4gw9o u6- you’d have runners. You’d put sticks jut, tuttuup aggaugusingit nasagijausu- fq5 dx/3N8q5gw5. g4gw5 xuq5 on each runner, on the inside of the ungummijut tavvatuammagiutillugit xuhk5 xg6bs?4S5; do5b3k5, Sx- skin. I don’t remember exactly how nasagillugit, nasagijaunnginnallutik l1k5, vu1k5, Nn3k5, eW1k5 x7ml they were made, but they slid along panisuut, nasaqaqattalaujuvunga tai- xyq8k5 xuhxl1k5. easily no matter how much load maittumik. Kittugiattaunanngimma- g4gw9l xuq5 xg6bs?Ms6S5 they carried. gittut sugamikiak kittugiaqappagalu- cj†1k5. g4gw5 xuq5 wlw5©lQ5 White whale skin was used for ammat, piittaugamik kittugialliupanni- Wzh9¬8•5 ee9lQ9l w0Jc3lQ5 harpoon and harness lines. They alilluni, atittaugamik kittugiat nungum- wlxi, eeymo6t9lQ9l wlxi were used for skin boots too, but I mijuujanniallutik. Sunatsuatuinnam- wt6nc3ix3lt4 wt6nq8k5 eJ1i4 don’t know how they were made, maginikkua tuttujait puijijaillu atut- woy=Fs?Ms6S5. xsMp5tx8q5gz because I only had boots made from tauqattalaujut, ipiutagijauqattallutillu ck6 bm4fx5 nN/s˙a?Ms3mΩb, seal and caribou skins. Seal skin was aklunaagijauqattallutillu. Ukua angu- ryxi4 xs˜5txc5bMs6S5 sdmw5- used for boots and kayaks. I even had tialuit tuttuit amingitukiuk ipiutagi- ©Zlx3u4 syc6t9lQ5. a seal-skin kayak myself, when I was jauqattallutik, upinngassaalimmat utju-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 41 eMlZw5 cf6bw5 xuq5 xg6b- married the first time. When you go jait atuttauqattallugit qaigilliit aklu- s?Ms6S6 sˆ3k5 xo3k9l. x7ml out in a kayak the first time it’s kind naagijausiaqattanngimmagittut, tait- vu1k5bs6 xg6bs?Ms6S5, ryxi4 of scary, but once you get used to it, sumanili uumajuqannisaulaujummat cspm8q5gz ck6 nN/sc5bMs- it’s really good – safer than a flat, I maannamit. Iluani uumajuqannisaulau- 3mΩb, vucgw8NMs6ymZmo e¥8N3i4 find. I harpooned my first white whale juvuk sunatuinnanik taimaigunnaiqquk g4gw9l xuq8i4. from a kayak. I shot from the shore, maanna. Unuttualuit uumajuit aglaat N5y5 eyq5 xg6bs?Ms6S5 then I went to harpoon it in my takulautsimanngitavut ilangani Ramah- vu1k5 x7ml c/3k5. s?z¬8•5 kayak. Ephraim Merkuratsuk taught miiqattaalalauttut, ilanginnik takusi- c/cMs6ymKz ey1j5 nNymJu4, me how to harpoon a white whale. mavunga ikkuningallu agvipagalunnik yK9o3u4 koxiMs6ymt9lz. yK9- Harp seal, jars seals, and square- pisimalaummijuk Semion Nochasak, o6Ùu4 c/3jxDF5 Nqx3N6gx¬Zl- flippers were used for their throat qanuk timmutinimmangaagu qauji- x6, ryxi4 yqsQo3lQ5 ˆ7m5txc5- sinews. They were dried somehow maalunngilanga. Mattanga itjunitsak b6S5...Nqx3N8q8i6nw9¬8•5 xy- and used to sew kayaks. They are qilalugaup mattaanganit, mattaasiavak. q8k5. yK9o6Ùu4 eMlZMs6ymKz stronger than the caribou braided Utsungit aulaijauqattalaugamik puijiup c/4ƒ6hz Nso4hA. yˆu5 dr6√6hA sinew. Seal sinew is really stretchy. utsunganit akituluaqattallutik. Amma c/4f5 NsoQx6gMs6XC. w2Ex7 Square-flippers were used more, in qilalugait mattaangit piijaillugit ma- ueC5˙2 wo8ix6tMs3µz Nso1i3u4 the springtime, than harp seals for mingit aklunaagijausuungummijut, eMlZ3i4. making lines. kisiani qisijanik tuttujanillu. Uumajuit cwDo5 x7m s0Jw5 w[Qxq8i5 I once saw a square-flipper skin ikkua qanutsiatuinnak ilangit atuttau- w?l4n6∫c5bMs6S5. Xi6tbs9lt4 made like a tanned caribou skin, the qattalauttut, aglaat puijiup iggiangit xg6bs?Ms6S5 c/3k5. n8qi6ns1- fur all scraped off and made smooth. ivalulianguqattalauttut, tuttuguuk iva- mbÅ6 g4gw5 w?lq8i5 W3C6ymJ5. My first wife, Jenny, made one for lunginnit ninguunitsaummata, mitsuu- N5y5 w?lq5 byg3i6gx¬1mb. sW3- old Budgell. She took one skin and tigijauqattallutik qajanikaminginik, Ω4f5 s0Jw5 w?l4∫3Fsi6ns?Ms6- split it into two, and she made it tasilluapaluit silittulillutik. S5 cwDoiszi5. really soft, just like a caribou skin. xbsyx6hz bfMs6ymKz s0Ô2 My first wife was from Mittimatalik eyzi4 eg7m4bsymJu4 g4gtg5, (Pond Inlet). u6fw/6bs5tx6ym9li. koxC yK9- The skins of seal and caribou o6Ù6 /iu4 xto4 nN0JtQMs3mA were used for everything. In those ∫8N w5g6 X5/9. xbsy3u4 m3Îoz- days animals were plentiful, not like t5t9li eg7m4n5tx6hA g4©2 xu- today, when they are so few. zg5. koxC yK9o6Ù6 u5tmbo1- usbsMs6S6. N5y5 eyq5 x7ml g4gw5 xuq5 hNoµk5 xg6bs?Ms6S5. bw5hmi ßmJ6bc5txMs6ymZlx6S6 µ8N©8- q5g6, c5¥8Ns÷o3mb.

xˆNsJ6 eg3zq9l, r9oi3u !(!)-u. Mother with children, Killiniq 1910. Anaanaujuq qiturngangillu Killinirmi 1910-mi. R.W. Brock/National Archives PA045208 Brock/National Archives PA045208 R.W.

42 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 /w7{ bwXNs2 si4√3iz

JAMES TAIPANA’S STORY

JAIMES TAIPANAUP UNIKKAARNINGA

∫8N si4√6 n6rbsK6 W0JtQ9lQ5 This story appears courtesy of the Ta anna unikkaaq saqqitauvuq pijjutig- et3us5 w5b3iboEp5 wcl4©5tx3u Kitikmeot Heritage Society in illugit qitirmiut ittarnitalirijit kNK7u. Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay), Iqaluktuuttiarmi, Nunavummi. Nunavut. xsMpZm kv2Wxat9lz WDCm ƒ9Z- Aulajigama nukappiangutillunga piru- J1u, ryu4 ƒNJ1u xfi kNc6ym- I can recall as a young lad growing up rama Kuulgajungmi, kihimik Kuuna- Zm5bs6. xzJ6√v4 ßgZs6 x7m around Kulgayuk (Foggy Bay) but jungmi akuni nunaqaqhimagamattauq. tr3l4 kNQMs3mQ5. xzJ4¥5gdtq5 Kuunayuk (Ellice River) was where Angajuqqaakak Uutugauq amma Tikir- XN4bl1u4 xtc6hi, s?z g[os9- I lived for a quite a while. That was luk nunagilaurmagit. Angajukhiittuqu- lz, bwml xsMJ4 ∫7N N/Z, where my parents, Utugauk and tingit Panaktalungmik atiqaqhuni, x7ml uq9C6 x7m sco∫N kc6- Tikkiklok, lived. The oldest was uvanga tugliullunga, taimalu Aulajuk ys9li. N/8kxc6ymKA5 ryu4 kbC- Panaktalok, then me, then Aulayuk taamna najaga, ammalu Mingilraq amma s2li ho gd1m5. my sister, and Mingilgak and Uqalitaana nuqaqhiulluni. Najannua- qaqhimavugut kihimik nutaraupluni huli tuqungmat. Kuunajungmi inuuliqpunga. Uqau- tijaujunga inuuliramaguuq upirngaak- kut kuuk hikuilihaaqtillugu. Aulajin- nuaraluaqpunga Kuunajungnimnik ammalu itqaumajaqarama piruqpal- lianimnik taikani. Nutarauplunga quvi- ahuttiaqpakpunga. Ilaqaraluaqpugut tupirviptingni; ataatatkukkat avijuitar- ingmagit Utaagaalukkut. Taiphumanili inuit huli pitikhinik atuqpakkaluarmata. Hitquqtiutiqan- L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099226 L.T. ngikkaluarmatali, pitikhiinnarnik, unaarnik ammalu aulahautinik. Nat- tiqpakhutiglu unaanginnarnut. Ataa- tagalu tuktuit qimaavikhainnik hana- sfx5 wkw5 wcl4©5tx3u x0pos6bsJ5 !(@%-u, cspm/sZt4 r©1mΩq8i5. N9oxq8i4 wob6yF5V vakhuni tuktunik humituinnaq taku- qattaliraangami. Nirukittumik apqu- These unidentified Inuit were photographed at Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay) in 1925. Do you recognize anyone? tikhaqhiuqhuni igluktut inukhuliuq- Ukuat inuit Iqaluktuuttiarmi ajjiliuqtaujut 1925-mi, qaujimajaugatik hugu ujaqqanut. Tuktunik tikittuqa- kituungmangaanginnit. Nallianginnik ilitaqsivit? raangat angunahuaqtiik marruuk ijiq-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 43 ƒNJ1u w˚o6Sz. scst/sJz xa†4 ∫4fx4 xtc3iC6bsÔ4rZÍu4 w˚oCmÅ6 sW3Ω4f5 ƒ4 yfwo~6t9- ßZ3ul. wfx9Mos6©4. xa5 lA. xsMp8kxClx6Sz ƒNJ1¨8i7i4 nsu3¨5g6 Net5tJ6 eJ1u4 eJ1j5 x7ml w5csm/cCm WD6X9oxi7i4 Sgc6gj5 sNi mi6vu. xw2Xzl bwvi. kbCs2lz dFxh5tx6X4Sz. N5ys2 eyzk5 x4hˆ3u4 NW6y9li eJ1j5 N2X6ymJj5, x4hˆ3l w[l4g5 wMcClx6SA5 gW3F2t1i; x∫b5f4v5 whzi tA7u9lis4. x4hDDx9M4hi xFJwbE1mQ5 s∫Zl4f5. khc5b6his4 vwFtc5b6hA eJ4 bw2hmio wkw5 ho Wt4yi4 N2 XzJ6 ∫8N. xhw˜4 SÔo6hi x7m xg6X4vlx3mb. drstc8q4vlx3mbo, eJ4 ßN6y5txo6t9lA mi3i4 woy4 Wt4¥8N3i4, sˆ3i4 x7ml xsMnsti4. Sgzk5, hWc5b6hAl L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA099342 L.T. N5t6X4ht[l sˆq8N3k5. x∫bZl g4- wfx9M5txo3izk5. gw5 eµF4nw8i4 nN?4hi g4gi4 These men are identified as “Keegapoo” hugw8N6 bfc5boÇzu. iDr5gu4 and “Ooga”. They are making fire. x2dt4n6ys6hi w[l4g5 wk4hos6hA The man on the left presses the end of a stick down into a hole in a piece of wood on the ground. The s/6vk5. g4gi4 tr5gcÇz5 xaN- other man has looped a long piece of sealskin line around the stick. He holds one end of the line in hx6†4 m3Î4 wp6ymF1ui5 xi2lt4 each hand. He pulls sharply and repeatedly on one end and then the other, causing the stick to turn g4gw5 raiq5tA5 mo4hiQ4. wkw5 rapidly in the hole. It soon begins to smoke. When the wood is hot enough the men place bits of moss eµ5bwot9lQ5 Wt4y1uk9l xaNh- in the hole and blow on them gently until they flame. o6hQ5. Angutiik taakkuak Atiqarniraqtaujuuk Kigapuumik Uugarmilu. Ikuallaliuqtuuk. Angut saumirmiittuq naqitittijuq qijungmik qijungmut putuqaqtumut unani maniqqami. Aippangalu x7ml x∫bZ w˜8i4f5 vÍtu1i natsiup qisinganut aksunaarmik napiqsilluni qijungmut nappaqsimajumut, aksunaarlu igluktut wW4nwymJ6. w9lx6y5txCus4 vÍt5 isungani tigummilluniuk. Aksururuallaksuni nusuqattaqsuniuk kaivitiqattaqsugu qijuk szy4gj5 tr5g1N6ymJ5. kNu xy- nappangajuq taanna. Asuilaak pujuuliqsuni amma qijuk uunaqsittialiqtillugu manirnik ilisivuuk xio, Wt4yk5 xaç6hA sb6rc5- putunganut, supiqattaqsugulu ikuallattialirninganut. b6ymK5 ßmJ6 gdizk5. bw2hmi- ¿9l bwmw2X4vlxC2b. iei4 bw2hmi emwc5b8q5g5. w1Nlxq5 hNoç9l xexD6, S¿4, Okalitana, the youngest. There was a himavingminit aniplutik tuktuit kingu- wyÛ[l xg6bs2lt4. xexDzb younger sister but she died in infancy. ningittigut malikhunigik. Inuit qimaat- wloq5 mi6vj5 ˆFbs2lt4, x7ml I was born at Kuunayuk. I was tailitillugit pitikhingminullu anguna- g4g bµ xq3Cstbs2li. iei4 told I was born in the spring when huliqhugit. emwgw8N6X8q4vlx3mb bw2hmi. the river had just started to run. I Ammalu ataataga ilaannikkut kapuu- Wt4yk5 xaç6hQ5, ie9l xF4- vaguely remember being at Kuunayuk, timingni ipikhaihimajuq. Illuaqhittia- g6hQ5 u2foxE2lQ9l srso6t8NA. and my thoughts of growing up are ramiuk kapuutit ungahiktumut tikit- yK9oFiK9o bwmw2X4ht4 W?4vl- from around that area. I had a happy tungnaqhimajut. Nunami ahianili, x3mb. goµ9l xs[l e7ukx6t4hQ5. childhood. We had companions in pitikhinut anguqqaaqhugu utaqqiqat- w[F5 w7ui4 wuç6ht5 xs1u4 b9? our camps – my parents never parted taqhimavut uumajuq tuquninganut. xux4fx e1u3kx6t4hQ5. wkw9l from Utaagaaluk’s family. Taiphumanivaallu taimaippakkaluarapta. iE?1m0J4 xs4 cJE5©iz fy6X9- That was when Inuit were still Niqinik taiphumani qimaiqattann- oxJ6 ieu5 iFzJu5. using the bow and arrow. There gittut. Ingnaluangit hunaliqaallu aqiaruq, srso6t8NA, xaNhx6t5 iei4- were no guns then, only bow and puvaak, ihigaaglu atuqtauplutik. Aqia- ym2lt4 ieQix6bu1i5 srs6bµ6, arrow, harpoons, and fishing jiggers. rungata ilulingit maniqqamut naavi- wkw5 vr?4f5 wclc5bo6X4ymK5 Seal hunting harpoons were used tauplutik, ammalu tuktu tamaa angir- ƒ1i ƒZ3il. s/6vk9l nStos6ht4 then. As soon as my father saw cari- rautitaupluni. Niqinik qimaituinnaq- ƒ9ZJ1u ƒ4 w√5tx6hA. nSts2 wl- bou around he made stone hunting panngikkaluarmata taiphumani. xi wcl4Wc5txo6X4hi bEs3usb3- blinds. If he saw the animals heading Pitikhinut anguqaaqhugit, niqillu i4. wm6 w4vtQ2li ¥dw8N3j5 tr5- for a long narrow pathway, he piled aviktuqhugit mipkuliariplugillu ukiu- gu4. wclw5 mJo6t9lQ5 b9?w8N6 rocks together to make inuksuks liqtinnagu. Sivullivinivulli taimaip- „8NExos?4vu4 d3l6©zi5. along the sides of it [caribou, thinking pakhutik pivakkaluarmata. Tulimaallu g4gw5 ƒ1u4 w√o6t9lQ5, c/4f5 these were people, avoided them auglu qimminuaqtikhugit. Ilvit immi- xaQx6X4ym/K5. c/K5 brÔ2lt4 and walked towards the real nik imiqaaqhutit aungmik talva amiak- gx©2lt4. g4gw5 w√o6t9lQ5 xa- hunters, who were hiding]. When kua qingmirnuaqtikhugit. Inuillu niri- /s?4gFi5 m9Î1k5 c÷1k5. g4gw5 the caribou reached the path the vangmajjuk auk qajurittuuninga kuhiq- wr5©2lt4 w√6X4gFi5. kvWxa- two hunters would come out from palliajuq niqimit nivingajumit.

44 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 National Archives PA48001

wMŒ5 ∫4fx5 x0pos6bsJ5 d3l6©2 cizi ƒ4 u4~i !(#) xg6t9lQ5. This family was photographed at Bloody Falls on the Coppermine River in the 1930s. Ilagiit taakkuat ajjiliuqtaujut Qurluqtuup qaningani Kuuk miksaani 1930 atuqtillugit.

t9lz x∫bZ wctQ?4hA X9lz2lz behind their blinds and walk behind Ukiuliqtinnagu, angunahuaqtit niqi- c/E÷i. g4gw9l Xzoo6ht4 ƒ2 them. Inuit would try to prevent nikhimaplutik niqiginiaqtamingnit uki- yˆi c/2b nixi csy6tbs?4y- the animals from escaping, and then uqtamaaq, inuit kakivakkut iqaluqatta- mKA4. g4gw9l gt4gCstc5b6ht4 fire their arrows at them. liqpakhimavut kuungni kuugarnilu. x[Ï6gc6t9lA. bm8N bfymZ2f In those days meat wasn’t left Ujaqqanullu haputiliuqhutik kuulga- kv2Wxai7i4. behind. You had to remove the intes- jungmi kuuk ikaattiaqhugu. Saputiup kbCst9lz wM8ˆcClxCm v2l3- tines, everything – the stomach, lungs, iluani iqalukpiqattialiqpakhuni tariur- N3u4, x3NJx2 w3izi4. bw2hmi and feet. You poured the stomach miutarnik. Imaq ikkatigipluni hiiquin- xzJç5v9l x3NJx5f9l xFJw5©?4- contents on the ground, and brought narmut tikittumik. Iqaluit majuliqtil- vlx3mb. xa˜o1u4 wMc6ht4; f2∫- the entire caribou back. They didn’t lugit talvainnaq piinnarialiuvakkamik N5f•t9lA. c/cClx3m5 brJu4 iD- waste meat long ago. qurluqtuunganit. r5gu[l, wk1j5 gx5gj5 ˆ7m4hi. After killing the animal with bow Tuktuit kuungmik ikaaliqtillugit, ranCw2X4gFi6 xkÇ6t9lA. xa˜- and arrow, they butchered it and made qajakkut angugiaqpakhimajavut. o4 g4gi4 xaQx6X4hi c/4f5. dried meat before freeze-up came. Qajavut takijuuplutik tuatuuplutik. x∫bZo xqÔ8q8Nu4, c/3j5 ∫2h- That was how our ancestors did it Tuktuit ikaaliqtillugit angujauvaktu- jz ˆ7m5tx6ymK6. s?z¬8•5 long ago. Rib bones and blood were vinit malruungnut qajaangnut. Tuktuit ß4g6ym/C, ryu4 NqxEZlxC2f given to the dogs. After pouring ikittuuplutik ikaaqpaktuvinit. Nuka- xivstQKz. Ùz iDr2X˜3izk5 yourself a bowl full of blood, you gave piangutillunga ataataga iqatigivakhugu y=?C ƒ5yˆ4v ≈8i3N6ht4. x∫bm the rest to your dog. Inuit would eat pallungaplunga qajarijaani. Tuktuillu c/z iDg5e/sZlx3m5. the thick blood as it dripped off the pangaliliqhutik kuup hinaani qajapta bw2hmi y6f6tstc8q4vlxC2b. carcasses hanging from ropes. haniani qauhiqtitauvakhimavuguk. x∫bZ nN?4ymK6 y6f6tsbs÷6gi4 Before freeze-up, when the hunters Tuktuillu tutikturautiqattaqhutik avviq- nFC/1j5 xsX˜6gj5 g6hxj5, kKxi had enough meat to last all year long, tuqaqtillugu. Tamanna takuhimagapku eJc6hi. xaNhxEx3ixoÇz Xs1- Inuit began spearing fish with their nukappiangunimnik. u4 y6f6tsti w9oE?4bz x¿Me- kakivaks [leisters] in the rivers or Nutarautillunga ilannaaqaraluarama x3i4 xg6hi. bwµ4 c3Jos6hA creeks. They used rocks to make fish Kaplurnarmik, Arnajuap irninganik. wlxi x7m rrxc6gu4 NsoZo6hA. weirs that stretched right across the Ta iphumani angajuqqaatkallu arnaju- xfis?4g6 c3JosChx6hA Xs1j5. river, over at Kulgayuk. The weirs atkullu avijuittuuvakkaluarmata. Angu- xbsyx6X[li ryu4 ßmJ6∫6X4ym- would be full of char. The water was laalingmik ilaqaqhutik; Kuptaanatku-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 45 K6. bn2fNi4 nNc5b6ymw8N6S6 knee-high. When fish were running niitillugu. Qajaqaraluarmat takijumik xsMpi7i4. upriver you could catch them easily nirukittumiglu, inungmut tuattumut srx4~aoÇz9l by3k5 xs9M6X4- at the weir at the rapids. naammakhuni. Kinguharaippaktuviniq gFi5 wc9oxEx6g6ht4 eeizk5. When migrating caribou were anuraaqtillugu. Angulaalik tuktunik xg6X4gFi5 g4gw5 w?lq8k5 W9- crossing the river, we went after them angugiaqpakhuni qajakkut. Ataatagali C6ymJi4 x4hˆos6ymJi4, xsMns- in kayaks. Our kayaks were long and angijuunnginnamik, qajarmut taaphu- tu1k5, xsMnstc6ht4 v8k/3j5 very narrow. If caribou were swim- munga naammattiaqhimavuq. Uvanga- nNymJi4 x7ml g4gw5 N[Jq8k5. ming across you had two kayaks luunniit uuktuqhimajara, kihimik nan- yfymoÇz9l wkw5 xg6X4gFi5 chasing them. There would be many giarigaluarapku anikautigivunga. Paanga i4y1i4 vr?1il. vr?4t4 xg6X4- caribou swimming across to the other nirukippalaarninganut hivvara kuutti- bq5 srs4f5. wkw5 x4hDw8N6X4g- side. When I was a young lad my naakka aannirnaqhutik. Ataatama Fi5 w˚0Jt4n6ys5tx6X4ht4. w5c- father took me along with him, and qajanga nirututqijaugaluarmat. smJ1N6b7i4 w˚y7i4 x∫bZ ie4n2- I would lie on my stomach on the Taiphumani hiqquqtiutiqanngikka- t8i W2cw8N6ym÷tA5. √4ymo8q5gA5, deck of his kayak. When caribou luarapta. Ataataga hanavakhimavuq ryu4 wkw5 wMq5 x4hD6ht4 √c5- started to gallop at the water’s edge, hiqquqtiutaujaaqtunik havirajangmut b6ht4, √F[Jx6ym2lt[l. right beside us, we got wet from their aupalaaqtumut tuqhuamut, nuvuani splashing. Panicking caribou step on qijuqaqhuni. Angunahuariarnialiraanga each other if they get in each other’s paungmik hiqquqtiutini illirivaktaanga way. I have seen this as a young lad. avaalaqiarnik atuqhuni. Taimaak qar- My childhood playmate was juliuqhugu iluani amma kikiaqaqtumik Kaplunak, son of Aknakyoak. In the nauligaliqhugu. Akuniuvaktuq qarjuli- old days my parents and Aknakyoak’s urahuaqhugu paungmut. Atauhiaqpag- family were always together. Angulalik luni kihimik uumajuqtaaqpakhimavuq. was their in-law; he was living with Tahapkunanik hanaqattaqhimainnaq- Kuptana at the time. Angulalik chased puq aulajinimnik. caribou with his kayak, which was Ukiakhaanguliraangallu tahirnut long and extremely narrow, designed aullaqpaktuvinit iqalliariaqtuqhutik for a slim person. It was easy to cap- qiqininganut. Atuqpaktuvinit tuktuit L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA99218 L.T. size his kayak when getting out of it ivaluinnut pilraqhimajunik akhunaali- during very windy weather. My father uqhimajunik, aulahautimingnut, aula- wasn’t a heavyset man, and so he fit hautiqaqhutik kannujarmut hanahima- into it. I tried it myself – it made me junik ammalu tuktuit nagjuinnut. feel like I was going to tip over, and so Sikuhimaliraangallu inuit atuqpaktu- I got out. The cockpit was too narrow vinit nikhingnik kakivangnilu. Kaki- for me, squeezing my hips painfully. vaktik atuqpaktait ukiukkut. Inuit My father’s kayak was wider. akhuruinnaqpaktuvinit inuujjutikhaq- At that time there were no guns. hiuttiaqpakhutik. Itqaumajungnaqtam- Once my father had a blow-gun made nik inuuhimnik ataataga niqikhaptinni of a long narrow tube of copper, with pipqainnaqhimajaatigut. Kaakhimalin- vNbs2 x0p8axc3Fxlz5 ∫5hmi4 wood on one end. Before going ngittugut, kihimik inuit ilait akhuruq- x0p8ax3u4 Wym/c6ht4 ttC3Fsym9li hunting he put ash in the barrel, hutik kaaqattaqhutik, kaavigjuaqhima- x3NsliÅ6 ∫8N swz gdn6bsif ƒNJ1u. tamping it in with willows or plant plutiglu. x0pos6bsif !(@%-u d3l6gx3J1u. stems. He formed this into a pellet Tingmiat tikittaraangata inuit taip- The National Archives photo caption inside the barrel, along with a sharp humani piaraqhiurniqhauvakhimajut – identifies this woman only as the wife of a nail-like spear. Making the pellets mannilingnik pinahuanngittut – pitik- man murdered at Ellice River. The photo took a long time. He could get an hikkut pivakhugit. Mannit mamaqtuu- was taken in 1925 at Tree River. animal with one shot. galuat, uqhungillu mamaqtut ingnalu- Kanataup ajjinnguaqarvialungat In fall they used to travel to inland angillu puuqtauplutik. Amaruit aqiaru- taatsumanik ajjinnguarmik pisimajaqaqsutik titirarviusimalluni lakes to fish until freeze-up. They innik tuktuillu iggiangit puurijauvak- arnauluniguuq taanna uinga used long cords of braided caribou- kaluarmata nirlit uqhuinnut. Qalaaq- tuqusaqtauniku Kuunajungmi. leg sinew for fishing lines, and made tiqqaaqhugu ahianut puuqtijait atur- Ajjiliuqtauniku 1925-mi hooks from copper and lures from niaramijjuk qullirmut taaqhiqattaliqtil- Qurluqtuarjungmi. antler. When ice came, Inuit used lugu. Inuit iqalukhiuqpakhimajut tariup

46 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 xa˜o4 wkw8Ns9li cspm/s5txMs6S6 isF6ts9li. b=? !(%#-u ƒ[Jx3u Get3usiH Angulalik was a well-known Inuk trader. Here

J.C. Jackson,/National Archives PA102701 he is at Perry River in 1953. Angulalik inuinnaulluni qaujimajauttialauqpuq niuviqtiulluni. Tagva 1953-mi Kuugjuarmi (Qitirmiuni)

t1ux5 tr5bÇzb wkw5 bw2hmi hooks and spears for hunting tools, qiqininganut aputiqattialirninganullu. WxC6ys3i6ns?4ymJ5 — m8io1i4 and they fished with kakivaks. They Taimailiqtillugu nattiqhiurvingnut WNhx8q5g5 — Wt4y4f5 W?4hQ5. were hard-working people and pro- nuuppakput. Itqaumavunga ataataga m8i5 mm6©Zlx5, s6hq9l mm6g5 vided well for themselves. As far back nattikautigihimavakpuq tiggarnik. w1Nlxq9l Í6bs2lt4. xmDw5 x- as I can recall, I remember my father Tariurmut agluhiuriaqtuqakautigivak- exDq8i4 g4gw9l w[Qxq5 ÍE/- providing us with enough food. We kaluarmat, aglumik nanihiguni nattiq- s?4vlx3mb i3o5 s6hq8k5. c˜6- never went hungry – but some Inuit hiurutiminik upalungaitijait. Ilaannik- t6√6hA xyxk5 Í6t/q5 xg3ix- did suffer hardship, famine, and kut nattiingnik malruungnik atauttik- Cu0J4 d9o3j5 ∫6yc5bo6t9lA. starvation. kut nattiqpakhuni. Ajunngittumma- wkw5 wcl4ys6X4ymJ5 bEs2 ee- Goose fat made good lamp fuel. riuhimajuq nattiqhiurnirmik. izk5 xStc5txo3izk9l. bwmw- When the migrating birds arrived Qaplunaarnik takujariuqhimavunga o6t9lA N5t6ys3F1k5 ˚2X4S5. in spring, Inuit went for goslings – ukiunguniahaaqtillugu ukiurjuanguhi- w5csmKz x∫bZ N5tvstQym?4S6 not laying females – with bow and majumi. Itipliarjungmi, qikiqtaup t[Z3i4. bEs3j5 x[lysEx6gcvst- arrow. The eggs were tasty, as was hinaani, tikilirakkit hunauvva qaplu- Q?4vlx3m5, x[lu4 NiyAi N5t6y- the fat, which they collected and put naangunniqtut. Ihumahimavunga aal- sDtui4 sXlzwt/q5. w˜8i4f5 N5- into pouches along with the intestines. launiinnit uvaptinnit. Sunauvva ukiin- †1i4 m9Î1i4 xbs5t4f5 N5t6X4hi. Wolf’s stomach and caribou throat nirmata tahirmi iqaluktuuttiap qaniani. xJ8q5g7mEsymJ6 N5t6ys3i3u4. made good pouches for goose fat. Ukiunguliraangat taikani iqalukhiuq- c2lˆ3i4 bf/Es6ymKz srsa- They boiled the fat and then drained pakkaluaraptattauq. Taiphumani pitik- ix~6t9lA srs3JxaymJu. wt2o- it into another pouch. They burned hiinnarnut angunahuaqpakhimavugut. x3J1u, er6bs2 yˆzi, troC4r5 it in the lamps when darkness came. Ataataga pitikhimingni nakharaluarmat. hNs=? c2lˆa8i6g5. whmymKz Inuit fished until the sea froze over Qaplunaat piumagaluarmagit angiq- ≈9Msiq8i5 s?2t8i5. hNs=? s®8- and the snow got deep. Then they tunga, qaujimannginniqhunga kipuuti- i3mb by3u wcl4©5tx2 cixi. headed to seal-hunting camps. I jumagamigit hiqquqtiutinik. Hiqquq- srsaoÇz5 bwvi wcl4ys6X4v- remember my father caught seals right tiutiup qarjukhaanik takujariurama lxC2b5bs6. bw2hmi Wt4¥8N3k5 away, male ringed seals. He would qimilruattiaqhugu. Ukiungugaluarmat, xaNhx6X4ymKA5. x∫bZ Wt4yu1i head straight to the ocean looking igluup qaangani nangiqhunga, ihu- N4nClx3m5. c2lˆ5 WJmZlx3mQ5 for seal breathing-holes, and if he maujaqtunga hiqquqtiuti una huvaliki- xq6gz, cspm8q8i6hz rÍtJm- found one he got his hunting tools aq atunngittuq – kihimik hunauvva ZuQ5 y6f6tsti4. y6f6tsts2 ready. Sometimes he got two seals atuutiqattiaqtut uplumimuluunniit. c3J4nzi4 bf/EsCm eu9Dx5t- at once. He was an expert. Hivulliqpaamik hiqquqtiutitaarama x6hA. srsaZlx3m5, w[¬2 çzi The first time I saw white men it inuit tiriganniarnik naniriaqturnirmik

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 47 Nq 6hz, whms/6gz y6f6tst was at the beginning of a long winter, qaujimaliqtut. Iqaluktuuttiap qikiqtar- sN h?orx6 xg8q5g6 — ryu4 at Itipliakyuk, on the shore of an juangani. Ataatama uqautingmanga, hNs=? x©tc5tx6g5 s2luj¬8•5. island. As I walked towards them I “talvali hiqquqtiutiqaliqtutit tuatituu- yK9o6Ùu4 y6f6tst∫Cm wkw5 realized they were white men. Back mik” amma angituinnaqtara – qaujima- tEZ8ix3i4 NiEx6g3i3u4 cspmo- then I thought it unwise to get close nanga mikittuuninganik, qarjuliqtuk- ~6g5. wcl4©5tx2 er6b3Jxzi. to white men – they were different harluunniit atauhiinnarmik. Nangmi- x∫bm scst1mz, “b9?o y6f6t- from us. I didn’t realize they were niq hiqquqtiutiqaraluarama quvianaq- stco6gt5 gxt©u4” x7m xqg- wintering at a lake in the Iqaluktuut- tuuhimavuq. Qaplunaaqaliqtillugu niu- w8N6bC — cspmNz ur5©izi4, tiaq (Cambridge Bay) area. In winter viqattaliqhutalu inuuhivut ajurnanngit- c3Jo6g4n3¬8•5 xbs¥8N3u4. N1ui6 that was where we did our fishing too. qijauhimajuq. Hiqquqtiutinik atuqhuni y6f6tstcClxCm dFxN6©ymK6. We were using bow and arrow then. ajurnanngitqijauliqhimavuq: nattiit c2lˆco6t9lA isFc5bo6hbl w˚- My father had his bow and arrows hiqinniqhiuqtut nutqangajut anguplugit yK5 xJ3N8q5e/symJ6. y6f6ts- with him. The white men wanted ajurnanngitqijauhimavut hiqquqtiuti- ti4 xg6hi xJ3N8q5e/so6ymK6: them and so I said yes, not realizing qarlutit. Qaplunaaqaliqtillugu ataataga N5†5 ye8i6ys6g5 k5czJ5 xa2- they wanted to trade their guns for umiarmik kipuutivvigihimajait, taipku- lQ5 xJ3N8q5e/symK5 y6f6ts- our bow and arrows. When I first saw nanik tuattumik hivuqaqtunik. Iluani tc3lt5. c2lˆco6t9lA x∫bZ su- ammunition I examined it carefully. iniqattiaqhimavuq. Taiphumani angi- x3u4 rÍt=FQym/q5, bw2fNi4 It was winter, and I was standing on jurjuangujaaqhimavuq. gx5gu4 yKc6gi4. wlxi wic5- top of an igloo, thinking the gun wasn’t tx6ymK6. bw2hmi xqJ3Jxa- of much use – but in fact guns are ÷6ymK6. very useful, right up to today. I got my very first gun near Victoria Island, about the time the Inuit had learned about fox trapping. My father said to me, “Now you will have a .22 rifle,” and I replied “Yes,” not knowing it was a small gun: you had to put one bullet in at a time. Owning my own gun made me happy and proud. When white men came and trading began, life got easier. Guns made hunting efficient. Getting basking seals was much faster when you had a gun. When white men arrived my father traded for a canoe, the kind with the pointed bow. It had enough space to move around in. Back then it looked so big.

r©1mΩq8i5 cspm/s8q5g5 su1m4©3usbw5 !(%)-u. An unidentified family at Umingmaktok in 1950. Kituungmangaanginnit qaujimajaunngittut Umingmaktuurmiutait 1950-mi. National Archives PA167669

48 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 „b x[oDw5©2 si4√3iz

PETER AGLIGOETOK’S STORY

PETER AGLIGOETUUP UNIKKAARNINGA

∫8N si4√6 n6rbsK6 W0JtQ9lQ5 This story appears courtesy of the Ta anna unikkaaq saqqitauvuq pijjutig- et3us5 w5b3iboEp5 wcl4©5tx3u Kitikmeot Heritage Society in illugit qitirmiut ittarnitalirijit kNK7u. Iqaluktuuttiaq (Cambridge Bay), Iqaluktuuttiarmi, Nunavummi. Nunavut. bw2hmigc6 w˚h4©t9lz koxi4- Taiphumanituqaq inuuhuktuutillunga ym2lz, xaNhx6t5tx?sNhx6hz A long time ago when I was a young nulianikhimaplunga, angunahuaqtitti- ryu4 xJDw6ym5tx8q4vlxCm xaN- man with a young wife, I tried to be avaunahuaqhunga kihimik ajuruiqhi- hx6t7mE4tg5. ys3Jtc8q8N2b GS2- a good hunter, although I didn’t mattianngikkaluarama angunahuaq- Msto5 w[F5H bw2hmi, Znø8bC3N- have the skills of a good hunter. timmariktitut. Hiurjutiqannginnapta bl, †c5tx6X8q8N2bl iec5tx6- There were no primus stoves, and (puplautilit igvit) taiphumani, gaahali- X8q8N2bl, wq9C5tx6X4vlx6Sz there was no gasoline, and hardly intararnatalu, tiiqattiaqpannginnaptalu yMu çJ3N6WxClx6t9lA. wkw5 any tea or southern food. I travelled niqiqattiaqpannginnaptalu, ingilratti- bwm8N wq9C?4ggcs1mb, bwµ4 comfortably in cold weather, like aqpakkaluaqpunga hilami qaajurnaqpi- wMsymKz. Inuit have for centuries. araluaqtillugu. Inuit taimanna ingil- wi3i8a6X9ox2lb, wq9C5tx6- Nowadays we travel more com- ravaktutuqaungmata, taimaak ilauhi- X4SA5 w˚y2t1i s2lusJ4f5. ˙3l fortably and live in a more modern mavunga. vmQ/so6gA5 s2lu, b9? bwµ4 society. It seems like we are being Inirninnguqpalliapluta, ingilrattiaq- whmQ/C. xg5tx6gi4 xaN˙tc- taken care of; that is how I feel now. pakpugut inuuhiptingni uplumiujuk- o6gA5 s2lusJ4f5. bw2hmio Ûnø8- We have convenient hunting equip- kut. Huurlu kamagijauliqtugut uplumi, c8q4vlxC2b, ys3Jtc8q8N2bl ment. Life has become modern. In talva taimaak ihumagijara. Atuttiaqtu- x7ml NiEx3NsoÇz5 GurQx3Ns- the old days when the trapping season nik angunahuutiqaliqtugut uplumiu- oÇz5H, ys3Jt∫Ex4n6 xJ3N6X4ymK6. arrived, it was hard to get a primus jukkut. Taiphumanili gaahaliinqanngik- NiEx3NsoÇz5, Ûnø8∫Ex4n6 stove and fuel. You had to provide kaluarapta, hiurjutiqannginnaptalu xJ3N6X4ymK6, w1ui4 N1ui6 ryu4 for yourself to make a living then. ammalu naniriarnauliraangat (mikigiar- WNhx3i4f5 w˚J1N6ymZ2b bw2hmi. When my wife and I began work- nauliraangat), hiurjutitaariakhaq ajur- bm8N cspm?9oxoC2f, koxCl ing a trapline on our own, by dog- naqpakhimavuq. s?zl NiEx6Xo~6ymKA4 ej4y4- team, we used two sleds and divided Naniriarnauliraangat, gaahaliintaa- ƒ4hk4, e1uK5 xF4hQ5 xgi5 NiE- our dogs between them. We had no riakhaq ajurnaqpakhimavuq, ingminik x6ys6gA4. Ûnøc8q5gA4, NiEx6- primus fuel, and we carried no food. nangminiq kihimik pinahuarnikkut g6ymZlxC7k4, cjtK[l x¥5 ieb- We piled one sled with heather or inuujungnaqhimagapta taiphumani. w5©2lt4. sycClxC7k4 w4hti4 driftwood, fuel for our woodstove. Ta manna qaujimavallialirapku, eJ1i[l wZF1u ßNdt4n2t1i x7m If you are short of primus fuel when nuliaralu uvangalu naniriaqpalihaaqhi- xuZw5gi4 W2lb cjts2 çzk5 travelling a short distance, like on a mavuguk qimukhikkuukhunuk, qing- wo2lQ5. bwµ4 ßNdt4nc5txo∂6- trapline, a woodstove is very handy mivut avikhugit atunit naniriaqhiuq- ymKA4.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 49 ci4gj5 xs9˜3li N4n3lA wZF4 and efficient. It will warm a tent in tuguk. Gaahaliiqanngittuguk, naniri- ∫7N eJ4g6g6 xg3ic5tx6g6 no time and cook meat quickly. aqtuqhimagaluaramnuk, qamutivuglu NiEx6gDF5, S2Mstg6gu4 wZFc3- During winter, after we finished ahiit niqitaittuuplutik. Uhiqaraluaram- lt5 xuZ4nD1N6gt5 s6h6nu4 ryu4 picking heather, we began trapping nuk ikhutinik qijungniglu igavingmi bm5fx5 wZF5 eJ1i4 xg6g5 xg3- fox. On our way back we visited other uunaqutikhaptingni amma amigaittunik ic5tx6g5 Nƒ2lt4. families along the way and set traps pipluta qamutiup qaanganut iliplugit. m9Î1i4 cjtc6hk4 xbsy6 eJ1- as well. It seemed that now we were Taimaak uunaqutikhaqattialiqquuqhi- k5 w4htk9l bb2lA ßNdt4n2t1k5, making a living. mavuguk. xs˜o6hbl NiEx3F2t1k5 bw2hmi Trapping went smoothly and for Qaniktumut aullaarluni nakharlugu tEZ8ix6bc6ym1m5. a year or so the price of skins was igavik taamna qijuktuqtuq aturniqatti- srsaoÇz5 w4htb3NshwÇz5, high – about $13.00 per pelt. At times aqtuq naniriaqturuvit, puplautituqtumik tEZ8ix6ys3i6 vJy5txo6hi, tE- it would drop to $3.00, very low. I igaviqarlutit amigakharungnaqtutit Z8ix6 xbsy6 xrgJxl4 ¢!#-∫M- couldn’t provide properly for myself uqhuqhamik kihimik tahapkuat igavit g6hi, srs3u xbsy3u4. w˜8i4f9l on that, even if I had a lot of pelts. qijungnik atuqtut aturniqattiaqtut xrq5 vb4X4ht4 ¢#-∫Mj5, xJ6n- But Inuit trapped foxes even though nakuuplutik. oDtQ?4ym/C. prices dropped. Now the fox trap- Malruungnik qamutiqaqhunuk atauhiq xgZ4n6∫DtQQxcCFs4 ys3Jtj5 ping days are over – and there are qijungnut ikhutinullu tataplugu uuna- s6h6nu4, x7ml w˚0Jt4n1i4 WQx- plenty of foxes. Since we are no longer qutikhaptingnut, aulaaliqhutalu naniri- c6ht4, ¢#-∫M5 xrrX9˜6ymK6. trapping, life seems a lot better. arviptingnut taiphumani tiriganniaqta- wkw5 ho tEZ8ix6ys6X4ymJ5 I bought myself a boat in the fall qaqhimangmat. xrr[oymZlx6t9lQ5. NiEx3i6 and it made life easier. Once I had Ukiunguliraangat ikhutitarnauhui- w˚0Jt4nE?o6hA, sW3ΩaoÇz5 a birchbark canoe. I have nothing raangat, tiriganniaqhiurniq kajuhittia- w4htb6Xo6SA5, xJ3N8q5e/s?4g6 against it – it was very useful in liqhuni, tiriganniaq atauhiq akitujualuk s6hwDti3u4 whm8q4vlx6hb. wM- the fall. 13-taalatuqhuni, ukiurmi atauhirmik. Ilaannikkullu akingit katakpakhutik 3-taalamut, ajuqhalirutigivakhimajara. Atugakhaqtaarutigigiaqaraviuk hiur- jutimut uqhuqhamik, ammalu inuujju- tikhangnik pigiaqaqhutit, 3-taalat akikipallaaqhimavuq. Inuit huli tiriganniaqhiuqpakhima- jut akikiglihimagaluaqtillugit. Naniri- arniq inuujjutikharivaliqhugu, upirnga- anguliraangat ikhutitaqpaliqpugut, ajurnanngitqijauvaktuq uqhuirutinirmik kv2Wx6 ∫8N ®9o3a/u ihumanngikkaluaqhuta. Ilagiiktunut !(@%-u x0pos6bsJ6. pulaariaqhuta nunanut aallatqiiktunut cspmAFs4 ttC3FQtA5. utiliqtilluta nanirialiqtuivaktugut, ammalu This boy was photographed at apquhaaqhuta hiniktaqpaktugut nani- Kent Peninsula in 1925. If you can identify him please riaqarviptingni. Talvali hunauvva inuuj- write to Inuktitut Magazine. jutikhaqhivugut ikajurniqattiaqhuni. Nukappiaq taanna Talvali tiriganniaqhiuqattaruiqtut Kiillirngujami 1925-mi tiriganniaqtaqattialiqhuni. Tiriganniaq- ajjiliuqtaujuq. Qaujimaguviuk hiuqattaruirniinnut nakuutqijauliqtuq. titirarvigitigut. Ukiakhaangutillugu umiaqtaarama nutaamik, ihuaqtuupluni. Qajaqtaaq- himaplungalu napaaqtuit amiinnut hanahimajumik, ugguarinngitara atur- niqattiarmat ukiakhaakkut. Apqutiqaq- huta taavunga, tikittugut Hiukittaar- mut amigaittunik aujivvigijavut. Umingmaktuuq angitqijaulirmat

L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA99160 L.T. nuuttugut tahamunga Umingmak-

50 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 ∫8N x3N6 rNs1mΩ6 cspm/s8q5g6 tuurmut. Tahamanilu tiriganniaqhiu- x0pos6bsJ6 ®9o3a/u !(@%-u. ≈˜{vusbw5 qattaliqtunga avani Kiillirngujami. do5bq8i4 xg6ymJ6. !(@) xg6t9lQ5 ∫8N Naniriaqtuqpalirama, nanirijjaqauliq- x3N6 x5N rør8Í4 Sx95-u4 xto4, ∫5hm r8us2 hunga, tiriganniat amiglivalliahimajut. rør8Í2 Xiz wkWxaJ6, swui4 mo4g6 d3l6©3j5 bwmw5gi4 do5b3i4 cspmQs6- Taimanganit ilatkat amigliplutik t5t9li x3Nk5 bwvi3usb3k5. !(#) xgo6- ukiuni taiphumani, inuuhiqaliqtugut t9lQ5 x3Nw5 xuh5 et3usi bwmw5gi4 uplumitut ammalu angunahuarniq nNc5b8ΩoMs6S5 co5bgc3u1i5 nNc5b- ajurnanngitqijauliqhuni. Inuuhivut aal- D1•o6ht4, x˜{vusbw5 do5bqÅ6 s∂i6ns1mb. lanngukautigivuq, ammalu ihuatqijau-

L.T. Burwash/National Archives PA99222 L.T. This unidentified woman was photographed at quuliqtuq taiphumanimit. Taiphuma- Kent Peninsula in 1925. She wears an Alaskan nitarnik aturaluarluta kihimik ajurnan- parka. In the 1920s Etna Klengenberg Bolt ngitqijaupluni ihuaqtuuhimavuq. introduced this style of clothing to women in Nunaqaqpaliqtugut Hiukkittaarmi Kugluktuk. Etna’s mother was Kenmek ukiunik qaphinikiaq. Umiarmik angit- Klengenberg, an Inupiaq from Point Hope who qijamik aquiqtuqtunga Kampanitkuti- had moved with her husband to Kugluktuk. By gut. Tikingmat, umiarmik nangminiri- the 1930s many women across the central arctic jaqaliqtunga uvamnut nakuutqijamik. were making the Inupiaq style clothing rather Aulajjutingit hukkaitqijaujuugaluat, than their traditional designs. The Alaskan clothing was said to be warmer. inuuhimnik taimaak hukkaitigijumik Taanna arnaq kinaungmangaaq qaujimajaun- pihimannginnama, kihimik atuliqhugu ngittuq ajjiliuqtaujuq Kiillirngujami 1925-mi. nakuugiliqtaraluara. Hukattuunngit- Alaaskamiutait qulittanginnik atuqsimajuq. tuugaluaq kihimi iluani ikumataqaqhuni 1920 Atuqtillugit taanna arnaq Etna Klengenberg Bolt-mik atilik, taatsuma Kinmiup nakuugijaraluara. Klengenbergup paninga inupiangujuq, uiminik maliktuq Kugluktumut taimaittunik Ukiut qaphit naahimaliqtillugit utiq- qulittarnik qaujimagiuqtittilluni arnanut taikanirmiutarnut. 1930 Atuliqtillugit arnait tugut Hiukkittaarmut, ammalu ukiuq amisut qitirmiuni taimaittunik sanaqattanngaalilauqput qalittatuqarmingnit naangmat ukiakhaanguliqhuni, naniri- sanaqattarungniiliqsutik, Alaaskamiutait qulittangiguuq uquuniqsaungmata. aqattaliqtunga Kiillirngujami. Uplunik qaphinik ingilrapluni kihimi tikitak- haugaluaq, ilaannikkut qingmit naalat- tiannginniinnut ilaannikkut qaajurnaq- Œ4gk5 S˜Ex6hb kNk5 ≈9M5´4gk5 Kingauk (Bay Chimo) was expand- pallaarnianut, ajurnaqhiqattaliqhuni, sto6t9lb NiExo6gw?4gA5, x7ml ing, and so we moved here. I started amma angunahuarniq hapirnaqpalaaq- x2d~6hb yi4b6X4gA5 NiExc3F- trapping down in the Kent Peninsula himajuq. Taiphumani angunahuaqti 2t1i. b9?o hNs=? w˚0Jt4n6yKA5 area, and as I accumulated more ungahiktumut aullaruni angilraujjiplu- wvJ3ic5tx6hi. traps I got more foxes. nilu pingahuinnarnik tiriganniarnik b9?o tEZ8ix6ysc5bDw6g5 As my family expanded over the amigaittuujaaqhimavut taiphumani. tEZ8ix6bc5txo6hi. tEZ8ix6- years we began to live a more modern Ta tqit qaajurnalaat tikittaraangata, ysc5bDw3•8k5 whx5e/so6g6. way of life and hunting became easier. tiriganniaqtaqattiaqpakhimavuq qakuq- srx4~at9lA sux6∫Cm k∫u4, Our lives changed dramatically, and tanik amma qingmit kamagijauttiaq- whx6©2li. c/6∫6ym2lzl NÙ6- it seems better now than before when himaplutik, unagurnaqpalaaruiqhima- gw5 xuq8k5 nNymJu4, s[AxE8qbC we were using the old techniques. vuq naniriaqhiniq amma taimanna xg3ic5tx3m5 srx4~4f5. x2dtc6hb Life is easier. pivaliqhuta. ∫Kz, tr5gA5 ysr5∫3j5 xuZw5gi4 We lived at Hiukkittaak for a Ukiunik amigaittunik tahamaniilirama xsp=FQ/K5. number of years. I bought a much ilataaqtunga Puglitkunnit Qijutkunnilu su1m4©6 xq5e/so3m5 ˚5gA5 bigger boat through the Hudson’s tahamani Umingmaktuurmiilirama. bnjz su1m4©3j5. bnmil tEZ8- Bay Company. Owning a big boat Taapkuallu uvangalu nangminiq qing- ix6ysc5bo6gz x?i ®9o3a/u. seemed better to me. It had an inboard miqauqtuugaluujugut. Hikulihaaraangat NiEx6g6XoCm, NiE0/cso6hz, motor, and although it didn’t go fast, Naujaarnuaqpakhuta, umiavut tatakhuni tEZ8ix5 xu[o?9oxymJ5. I was pleased with it. qingminik, namut turaariakhaptingni bwmzi5 wM5v5 xu[o2lt4 srsi After a few years we moved back nalunaqtuugaluaq qingmiqauqpalaarmat bw2hmi, w˚yco6gA5 s2lug5 to Hiukkittaak. When fall arrived aqupijuittuuplutik. Amigaittuungmata x7ml xaNhx3i6 xJ3N8q5e/s- that year I started trapping again qingmit. Ilatkalu uvangalu qingmiqau- o6hi. w˚yK5 ≈9M8avstQK6, down around Kent Peninsula. It raluarapta taiphumani.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 51 x7ml whx5e/s∂o6g6 bw2hmiu5. took days to get there, sometimes Tikinnapta Naujaanut, ukiuraaluu- bw2hmib3i4 xgClx3lb ryu4 xJ3- because of disobedient dogs and liqhunilu, tiriganniaqhiuruiraptalu, N8q5e/s2li whx6©ymK6. sometimes because of bitterly cold ajurnaruiqhimavuq. Tiriganniaqtaqat- kNc6Xo6gA5 ys4r5∫3u srsi4 weather. This was a time of hard- tiaruiqtuq, ilaannikkut ukiukkut tiri- c2yirx6. sux3u4 xq5e/u4 xd- ship, and in bad weather hunting ganniat angujakhaujuittuuvaktut. w6g6gz v7Xi5ftA5. tr1m5, su- was impossible. In those days it was Ilaannikkut ajurnaqpakhimavuq. x3u4 N1uiE/co6gz s?7k5 Nƒ5- common to travel a long distance Ilaannikkut qaajurnaqhiliraangat e/u4. xsM0Jtq5 h4vw5e/sÔZlx5, only to arrive home with just three unaguiqhiqpakhuta naluhimajut. w˚y7i4 bwµ4 h4vwtQJu4 Wym8q8- or four foxes. Turaaqtaptingnut tikinnahuaqhuta Nm, ryu4 xgo6hA NƒQo6bClxC. During the coldest months, when qagliliqhugu qaajurnaqpiaraangat, hv5©8q5©Zlx6 ryu wlxi wfm- white foxes were plentiful and the qingmit tikittiaqpaktuugaluat, talvali bc6hi NƒQ/ClxC. dogs were well taken care of, setting atuqpaliqtavut maanna. srs5 c2y5 ˆymo6t9lQ5 st6gA5 traplines wasn’t so tiring. It became Qingmillu hikituullu ingilrajjutitu- ys4r5∫3j5, x7ml srs6 ˆ1m5 sr- a normal routine. arijavut. Nakuujut aturniqattiaqtullu x4~ao6hi, NiExc5bo6gz ®9o3- My relatives, Puglik and Keyok, ammalu hukajut qaniktumunngauli- a/u. s2li4 c2yi4 wq9C2li and I had many dogs. Once during raangapta tamaanngat. Aullarutigivak- ryu trb4nsZlx6, w˜8i4f5 e1u5 early freeze-up we made our way tavut turaaqtaptingnut. ˆM5tx8q8•8k5 w˜8i4f5 çJ3N6X9- down to Nauyaaq. My boat was full Turaaqtarnut aullaaliraangavit nut- ˜3iz k5, xJ3N6yc5bo6hi, x7m of dogs – it became impossible to see qarnanngittuujaqtuq, ungahiktumut xaNhx3i6 nW3N6X˜6ymJ6. bw2- where you were going because there aullaaraluaruvit hikituukkut. Ilaannik- hmi xaNhx6t szy4gj5 xs9MDi were so many and they wouldn’t kut ungahitqijamut aullaaqpaktugut xq9Cs0p2lil Wzhw8N3i4 tEZ8- sit down! qaajurnaqpiaraangat hikituullu aullaat- ix3i4 xuZw5©÷6ymK5 bw2hmi. With a snowmobile you can travel tianngitillugit ammalu tuhaqtittijjuti- b5e5 çJ3N˜5 tr5bÇzb, tEZ8- quite a distance. If you have gone a qatuinnaqtut naalautinik Iqaluktuut- ix6bc5tx6X4ymK6 cf6bi4 x7m long way during the coldest months tiarmit tahamunga. e1u5 vmQ/s5tx6ym2lt4, sNA3N6X- ˜Dw6ymK6 NiEx6yi6 x7m bwm8N W?o6hb. srsi4 xuZw5gi4 bnm•oCm wM- ∫6gz S[o5f8i5 eJ5f8il bnmi su1m4©3¨oCm. ∫2fx9l s?zl N1ui6 e1ucs6©Z¬JA5. yfo~Çz5 Ns÷3kx6X4hb, suxK5 bb4hi e1- ui4, Nj5 gÇEx4n2t1i NlN6©- Zlx6 e1ucs6X˜3m5 xdWJw5©2- lt4. xuZw5©1mb e1u5. wM5vl s?zl e1ucsClxC2b bw2hmi. tr8N2b Ns÷k5, srsÇll tro3m5, tEZ8ix6ysDwC2bl, xJ3NDw6ymK6. tEZ8ix6bc5txDw6g6, w˜8i4f5 and your snowmobile isn’t running Inuit atuqhimajait tamanna. Inuk srs4f5 tEZ8ix5 xa/4nsJw5©- properly, you can communicate by hikituukkuuruni ajulirunilu, qiniqtau- ?4g5. w˜8i4f5 xJ3N6X4ymK6. radio with Cambridge Bay from this kautigivaktuq. Utiqtitaugaangat naku- w˜8i4f5 çJ3N6yoÇz5 sNAw6- area. Inuit have found this very useful. ulunilu quvianaqpuq. Ammalu aullaaq- y6X4hb NlymJ5. gÇ6b2t1k5 tr8- If a traveller’s snowmobile breaks tuq tikittaraangat turaaqtaanut, quvia- Nhx6hb c[oo6hA çJ3N6WxÇz5, down someone will start looking for naqpuqtauq. Humituinnaq nanijauju- e1u5 tr55tx6X4©Zlx5, b9?o him right away. qaliraangat tammaraluaqhimaguni, xg6Xo6bK5 µ8N. When a traveller is brought back huurlu angunahuaqtit, tuharlunilu e1u9l yr©9l wq9C0JtgxE- safe and sound it is a good feeling – nanijauniinnit ungahiktumunngauga- /K5. NƒJ5 xg3ic5tx6g9l x7ml just as it is when you hear a traveller luaqhutik quvianahivakpuq. hvJ5 ci4gj8zsoÇz2b bµ8z5. has reached his destination. This is Inuit ilihimajakkat Tahirjuarmiutait xs9MDtQ?4bK5 gÇ6b2t1k5. even true when you hear about people Hanningajurmiutait, inuit ilait qauji- gÇ6b3k5 xs9˜oÇzF5 k5c3N8- in other places – including hunters majaujut. Hikituuqanngitillugit naa- q5©/6g6, szy4gj5 xs9˜ClxDF5 – who were lost while travelling a lautiqanngitillugillu huliraalu, aullar-

52 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 yr©4f5. w˜8i4f5 szy5e/j5 xs9- long distance and have been found. naqhiliraangat ammalu tiriganniaqhi- ˜6X4gA5 çJ3N6WxÇz5 yr©9l xs9- I know Inuit who used to live urnaruirnialiraangat, inuit qanurliuri- ˜5tx8qt9lQ5 x7ml gn6t5t0Jt- inland, in the Contwoyto and Garry akhaq qaujimajuujaqhutik. Nunamin- cgw8N6g5 ˆMsti4 wcl4©5tx3u5 Lake areas. In the old days they didn’t ngaaqhutik hinaaliaqhutik uqumaitunik bmsz. dress in fabric. Their clothing and uhiqaqhutik. Qaajurnaqpiarninganilu wkw5 xg6ym/w5 bm8N. wk4 kamiks (boots) were made of caribou qingmit ilaita angijualuuplutik humut yr©4ƒDi xJoDil, ei6bsvstQ?4- skins. They were warmly dressed. turaariakhaq ilihimattiaqhutik, uhijaq- g6. st6tbsÛz5 Nƒlil dFx- They didn’t have canvas tents in tik uqumaittualuugaluaqhutik, illuarijait N6S6. x7ml xs9˜6g6 tr5bÇz5 those days; when travelling they took taapkuat. gÇ6∫k5, dFxN6S6bs6. hugw8N6 their heavy caribou skin tents along Inuit ilaitattauq takuhimagapkit uhi- Ni/sJcoÇz5 b7mClx6ymAi, ˙3l and set them up when they stopped. qaqhutik uqumaittualungnik, nuna- xaNhx6t5, gn3lil Ni/siq8i5 Skin tents were their only shelter; minngaaqhutik hinaamut tupikhaqaq- szy4gj8zsZlx6ht4 dFxNy?4S6. nowadays they no longer use them. hutik uvvaluunniit tuktuup amianik, si2√6 £@ These days Inuit are using canvas tents aullaliraangamik atuqpakkaluaramik wkw5 woym/4v5 by3Jx3usbw5 and their clothing is made of cloth. tupirnik tuktuit amiinnut hanahimaju- n8izJ3usbw5, wkw5 wMw5 cspm- Long before snowmobiles and nik aturlunijjuk nutqangaliraangamik /sJ5. yr©c8qt9lQ5 ˆMstc8q- radios, when it was time for travel- tangmaaliraangamik. Taiphumani t9lQ9l hoÇl, xs9M3N6yoÇz5 ling and the trapping season was tupiqaqpakkamik tuktuup amiinnaanik. x7ml tEZ8ix6ys3NDw3ixoÇz5, almost over, it seems the Inuit knew Ta lvali atujuittuuliqtut tupirnik amirnut wkw5 ck3osEx4n6 cspmÔ/6ht4. what to do. When they travelled from hanahimajunik. Taiphumani gaahalinta- kNu8Ω6ht4 yˆox6ht4 w4bE4gi4 inland to the coast, they hauled qannginnamiglu inuit uunaqhautiqaq- syc6ht4. çJ3N6Wx3izil e1u5 enormous loads – I have seen them. hutik qijungmik atuqtunik ammalu wMwb xqJx¬2lt4 hj5 gÇEx4n6 Some of their dogs were large and tuavijuittuuhimaplutik. Niqillu igaha- woym5tx6ht4, sy/6t4 w4bE4gx- strong. They could manage even raitpakhimavut qilammik igaviqaqhuni ¬Zlx6ht4, w9lxE/w5 ∫2fx5. the most heavily loaded sled. They qijuktuqtumik. wkw5 wMwb5bs6 bfymZ2r5 sy- were also intelligent – they knew Tupit taipkuat nappaqhimaliqtillugit c6ht4 w4bE4gxl1i4, kNu8Ω6ht4 which way to take you. uunaqhiharaittuuvaktut qijuktuqtutigut. yˆj5 gW4nc6ht4 s=?¬8•5 g4©2 Long ago there was no gasoline Uplumili inuit qaplunaaqtainnarnik xuxi4, xs9MoÇzu4 xg6X4vlxCu4 and there were no motors. Unlike tupiqaqpaliqhutik ammalu annuraangit gW3i4 g4gw5 x¨8k5 nNymJi4 xg3- today, you would not rush into qaplunaaqtainnauplutik. li0J4 k5czoÇzu4 b1µoÇzu4. things as you travelled along. Taiphumanili inuit Tahirjuarmiutait bw2hmi gWc6X4vu4 g4©2 x¨8ˆi4. Hanningajurmiutaillu annuraaqaqhi- b9?o xgJw5©o6g5 gW3i4 xu3k5 majuittuugaluarmata qaplunaaqtarnik, nNymJi4. bw2hmi Ûno8bc8q8Nu[l tuktuup amiinnainnut annuraaqaqhutik wkw5 ßN6nstc6ht4 eJ1u4 xg6- kamingilluunniit, annuraaqhimattiaq- gi4 x7ml gxFJw5©ym2lt4. ie9l paktuvinit. wZnCw5X4ymK5 eM7u4 wZFc6hi Uvagulli ammalu kingullikkat, ilihi- eJ4g6gu4. mavunga annuraaqajuittuulirmata tuk- gW5 bw2fx5 N2X6ymo6t9lQ5 tunik, kihimik inuit taiphumani amirnik ßN6ynCw5©?4g5 eJ4g6gtA5. s2l- annuraaqaqpakhimavut. Ilaitalu arnaq- uo wkw5 c2lˆ6bw8N3i4 gWc6- Eskimo Fox Trapper hiutauplutik ilaitalu angutihiutauplutik. Xo6ht4 x7ml x8kÇq5 c2lˆ6- bw8Ns2lt4. bw2hmio wkw5 by3Jx3usbw5 n8izJ3usbw9l x8kÇc6ymJw5©- Zlx3mb c2lˆ6b3i4, g4©2 x¨8- Nw8k5 x8kÇc6ht4 vuq9¬8•5,

x8kÇ6ym5tx6X4gFi5. Cape Dorset Mikkigak, Oqutaq, s?A9o x7ml kv6y4v5, woymKz x8kÇcJw5©o3mb g4gi4, ryu4 wkw5 bw2hmi xu3i4 x8kÇc6X4ymK5. wMwbl x3N6ysbs2lt4 wMwbl xatysbs2lt4.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 53 W8axZ4n5 scsyo5 ≈e4bq5 ÷N5 mfC

WORD GAMES by Janet McGrath

PINNGUAGAKSAT UQAUSILIT Aaqiktangit Janet McGrath

Nu et3us5 kNz8i? Places in the Kitikmeot Nani Qitirmiut Nunanganni

sfx5 et3us5 kNz8i N•2X5V Match the English place-names to Ukuat Kitikmeot nunangani naniippit? wk4tg5 xtq5 c9lˆtg5 xtq8k5 the Inuktitut names in both syllabics Inuktitut atingit qallunaatitut atingit NlNw4r5. and Standard Orthography. nalunaikkit.

Contwoyto Lake Tahirjuaq ®o3a/6 Gary Lake Qurluqtuq by3Jx6 Ellice River Hanningajuq ƒNJ4 Bloody Falls Kuugjuaq d3l6g6 Tr ee River Qurluqtuarjuk n8izJ 6 Perry River Kuunajuk d3l6gx3J4 Kent Peninsula Kiilirngujaq ƒ[Jx6

54 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 scsy5 ei3lQ5

Word Search

Uqausit Qinirlugit

xs/4 f5 bh uj7 5 ufdf5 xw/sZ8k4 fxibw 5hmi lbFKNhdbs 8q5 g63 nc yK9o5z∫4fkz5LoA9w WQaZ 14 µ8 NokIcg/lg uw˚y 3 u1i4 SXbm0 /f6 q∑am e C s j ∑5 t x 6 k J ¬X tah j t x Ï b Ô 6 i D F A NMM j∂dybigsF6eswKDss upaAz3 ssyitKmJm63 hJfgvbibtuxs47 jym m6tEJ5 jmyra¬z62mb 9KNEAcWFSwdMZiIJ6 JhNs=?jIEerwjmJ5k ioih N= h y bbr y xioKl Jrdxhw˜4 d69 k9koly rtwsyxaN˙bs?Ms6g5

xwFo1usbFix¬Zmo icwg6XMs3mb ∑5tx6 isF6tbco3m5 yK9o5 xhw˜4 xw=?c5b3ixCu4 xaN˙bs?Ms6g5 hdbs8q5g6 ryxio n9lf¬Ms6Ms6ymJ5 bm0/ xw/sZ8k4 ∑a6ƒpJ6 w˚y3u1i4 xs/4f5 µ8No ∫4fkz5 bw5hmi hNs=?

scs¥5 ei3lQ5, w[lo1usbs2 Find the syllabics word Uqusiit qinirlugit, wkgcs2 Îy wc9oÔ2 phrases. They are from the Iglulingmiutaup inutuqaup si4√zi8Ω6g5. wMq5 interview with Igloolik elder Rosie Iqallijuup unikkaan- grjx6Lt4 wMq5 Rosie Iqallijuq. They all read ganinngaaqtut. Ilangittuki- sFzi4ƒ6g5 wMq5 d7jx6g5 up, down, or diagonally. muaqsutik ilangit uvin- wMq9l x7jx6g5. ganikkuuqtut ilangit qum- See answer key page 80. muaqtut ilangillu ammuaqtut. cspQx3F4n5 m4WÇu *)-¨5g5 Qaujigiarviksat makpiraami 80-miittut

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 55 wk4tg5 wo8ixDt4n5

Learn Inuktitut!

Inuktitut Ilinniarutiksat

w[l xat Nk6 iglu anguti nanuq anguti = boy/man/man nanuq = polar bear

xat w[los6g6 anguti igluliuqtuq os6 -liuq- to make (makes) -g6 \ -tuq he/she/it

xat w[lu8Ω6g6 anguti igluminngaaqtuq -u8Ω6g6- \ -minngaaq- to come from (or out of)

xat w[lc6g6 anguti igluqaqtuq -c6- \ -qaq- to have (has)

56 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 xat w[lc8q5g6 anguti igluqanngittuq -c8q5- \ -qanngit- doesn’t have

Nk6 xatu4 bfJ6 nanuq angutimik takujuq -u4 \ -mik (object marker*) bf- \ taku- to see (sees) -J6 \ -juq (same as -tuq, he/she/it **)

xat Nk3u4 bfJ6 anguti nanurmik takujuq nanuq + mik (q softens to an r = nanurmik before an m)

* The subject of a sentence is the person or thing doing the action. The object is the person or thing being acted upon. In this case, the action is seeing. Who sees whom? The one with -mik on the end is the one seen. ** taku- ends with a vowel so we use -juq. -liuq- ends with a consonant so we use -tuq. Both -juq and -tuq mean the same thing: he/she/it. -juq is for vowel endings and -tuq is for consonant endings.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 57 wkw8N6g5 scsy5

Inuinnaqtun Dialect

Inuinnaqtun Uqausit

sfx5 wkw8Nw5 scsyqt©6g5 gr9MEq8i5 cspmF5V If you aren’t sure what these words are in Inuinnaqtun, scsy5 xg6bsJ5 /wuy bwXNs2 si4√zi4 x7ml „b take a guess from the three options. The words all x[oDw5©2 si4√zi4. iDxE5 grQ9MEZ/6bqi5.... appear in the stories from James Taipana and Peter Agligoetok. wH çJ3N6g6 !H çDuN6g6 A) qaajurnaqtuq @H cJ6 mm6g6 1) qaaruminaqtuq explosive #H w4®Çl 2) qajuq mamaqtuq delicious soup 3) ikkiiraalu very cold WH ys3J4 !H ysCsy=F4 B) hiurjuk @H w4g©6g6 hÍÔ5 1) siurausivvik container for sand #H ystj5 Wsonst5 2) iktutuuqtuq supuujuut primus stove 3) siutimut piulisautit ear decorations tH y6f6tst !H ¥6f6g3F4n6 C) hiqquqtiuti @H i0/st 1) siiqquqturviksaq place to kneel #H drst 2) nijjauti accordion 3) qukiuti gun rH xuZw5g5 !H xuh5 D) amigaittut @H c5¥8NsJ5 1) amisut many #H ˆ7m4g5 2) qatsiinnaujut not very many 3) naammaktut enough QH NiEx6g6g6 E) naniriaqtuqtuq !H ei6g6 1) qiniqtuq searching @H urQx6g6 2) mikigiaqtuq trapping #H Sw0JC6g6 3) puijjuraqtuq swimming uH ≈9M5´4g5 F) aallatqiiktut !H x9Mw5 eg3z‰4g5 1) allait qiturngariiktut an Indian family @H x9MDt4n5tx?w5 2) allarutiksattiavait good wiping cloths #H x0pŒ8q5g5 3) ajjigiinngittut things that are different iH NƒJ6 G) nakuujuq !H Nd/3N6g6 1) naqujarnaqtuq unappetizing @H ˆ7m4g6 2) naammaktuq good

#H NfzJ6 3) nakungajuq cross eyed

answers: A) 3 B) 2 C) 3 D) 1 E) 2 F) 3 G) 2 G) 3 F) 2 E) 1 D) 3 C) 2 B) 3 A) answers: M0t H# H@ H# H! H@ H# H@ iH # uH @ QH ! rH # tH @ WH # wH NMs0Jt5

58 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 Ukuat Inuinnait uqausingitituuqtut tukillaringinnit qaujimavit? Uqausit atuqtaujut James Taipanaup unikkaanganik ammalu Peter Agligoetup unikkaanganik. Niruarit tukigillarigajaqtanginit....

A) Qaajurnaqtuq E) Naniriaqtuqtuq 1) Qaaruminaqtuq 1) Qiniqtuq 2) Qajuq mamaqtuq 2) Mikigiaqtuq 3) Ikkiiraalu 3) Puijjuraqtuq

B) Hiurjuk F) Aallatqiiktut 1) Siurausivvik 1) Allait qiturngariiktut 2) Iktutuuqtuq supuujuut 2) Allarutiksattiavait 3) Siutimut piulisautit 3) Ajjigiinngittut

C) Hiqquqtiuti G) Nakuujuq 1) Siiqquqturviksaq 1) Naqujarnaqtuq 2) Nijjauti 2) Naammaktuq 3) Qukiuti 3) Nakungajuq

D) Amigaittut 1) Amisut

2) Qatsiinnaujut 3) Naammaktut 2 G) 3 F) 2 E) 1 D) 3 C) 2 B) 3 A) Nalaujjutit

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 59 scoµZ4n6 si4√6bsJ6 ƒ0Jxu — xsMpi5 x7m whms/3i5 ttC6t gxt m˙3 euDx6bz usE √X8©3

BOOK REVIEW Kuujjuaq: Memories and Musings by Dorothy Mesher Reviewed by Mary Carpenter

UQALIMAAGAKSAQ UNIKKAAQTAUJUQ Kuujjuami – Aulajinit amma isumaujarnit, titiraqti Dorothy Mesher Qimiruaqtanga Mary Carpenter

n6r5gcobw8N6S6¡ gn3i6gxl1i4 At last! A fascinating autobiography Saqqittuqalitainnaqpuq! Tusarniqtua- si4√6g6 w˚y3ui4 x3N6 kNF1- of an Inuk woman from Nunavik. lungnik unikkaaqtuq inuusirminik usb6. gxt m˙3 — g~ps9li, Dorothy Mesher – translator, arnaq Nunavingmiutaq. Dorothy g~pi4 vmc5b6hi, u6h6tsJ6, supervisor of translators, seamstress, Mesher – tusaajiulluni, tusaajinik wo8ix6t5tps9li hDy3i4, xsMt5- primary school teacher, group home kamaqattaqsuni, miqsuqtiujuq, ilinni- tps9li xq3Cu4 gJ3u=FsJu4, co-ordinator, chaperone at the Arctic aqtittijiulluni surusirnik, aulatittijiullu- srs6b6gu W8ax6gcÇz9l W8a- Winter Games, member of many ni angirramik tujurmivviujumik, ukiuq- x6gi4 vmc5b6hi, wMQ/scbs9l- influential Inuit boards, grandmother, taqtumi pinnguaqtuqaraangallu pinngu- il wkw5 vtm=Fq8i WJ1N3ic5t- and writer-activist – was born in aqtunik kamaqattaqsuni, ilagijauqataul- x6gi4, xˆN5txE/s9li, x7m Tasiujaq on the Ungava Coast of lunilu inuit katimavvinginni pijung- ttC3i4f5 W?9oxt5tps9li — w˚- Quebec in 1933. She wrote Kuujjuaq narniqattiaqtunik, anaanattiarijaulluni, o6g6 bys/3u s8Ω?u fXw1u – Memories and Musings for the young amma titirarnikkut pivalliatittijiulluni !(##-at9lA. ∫{huz scoµZo- Inuit so they would understand their – inuuliqtuq Tasiujarmi Unngaavami sMs6S6 wkw5 m4f4gw5 grysmi6- elders a little better, and appreciate Kupaingmi 1933-ngutillugu. Taassu- nsd9lQ5 w8Nsi6nE/q8i5, x7ml the changes in the Kuujjuaq area minga uqalimaagaliulauqpuq inuit gnsmd9lQ5 xy0p6X9oxisMs6gi4 between the 1930s and the present. makkuktuit tukisiumaniqsauqullugit ƒ0Jxu !(#)-w5 xg6t9lQ5 s9luj5. It is time for we Inuit to take a innauniqsarijanginnit, ammalu tusau- w˚JtA5 w˚y5t8i4 bf5txExc- look at ourselves, not just individu- maqullugit asijjiqpallianiulauqtunik o6SA5, wk4 xbsygw8Ns8q9li ally and collectively, but also histor- Kuujjuami 1930-it atuqtillugit ullu- bm5t8igw8Ns8q5gu¬8•5, WMs6y- ically. Mesher has contributed to mimut. mJi4 bf5txExcoC5b. ∫8N m˙3 this development with Kuujjuaq – Inuujutigut inuusittinnik takuttiari- ttC6bz bmgjz W?9ox0JtQ/s5- Memories and Musings. aqaliqpugut, inuk atausituinnaunngil- tx3ix6S6. I came across this little book and luni tamattinnituinnaunngittumiluun- ∫8N scoµZfl4 NiyZ4f x7m met the author last year through her niit, pilauqsimajunik takuttiariaqaliratta. ttC6bzl x3Çi cspc5bstMsC8k4 daughter, Joanne. I was teaching two Ta anna Mesher titiraqtanga tamatu- Xiz, Jx8u4 xto4. wo8ix6t5tM- anthropology courses at Concordia munga pivalliajjutigijauttiarniaqpuq. sCm wo8ixDto1i4 wo6fygcoEi3- University in Montreal and Joanne, Taanna uqalimaagakuluk nanisigak- u4 yM5g6n3Fxl1u √8fxtxu4 bw/- then in her final year at McGill, ku amma titiraqtangalu arraani qauji- sJu4 µgExou x7m ∫8N Jx8 was in one of my classes. I was so qattautilaurannuk paninga, Joannemik x3ÇAzi ra9o6Ùu4 wo8ixClx3m5 impressed with the book and the atilik. Ilinniaqtittilaurama ilinniarutil- µQx9u, x7ml wo8ix6tQMsC4f. Nunavik students’ serious attitude ingnik iliqqusituqalirinirmik silattuq- scoµZ6 WsQ5txClxC4f x7ml toward learning that I assigned sarvialungmi Concordiamik taijauju-

60 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 Kuujjuaq – Memories and Musings as mik Montrealimi amma taanna Joanne required reading. I am pleased to arraagungani kingulliqpaamik ilinniar- report that it generated vigorous aluarmat McGillmi, ammalu ilinniaq- interest from Concordia students! tigilaurakku. Uqalimaagaq piugittiara- Many of them said that Mesher’s luarakku ammalu Nunavingmiutait book enriched their understanding ilinniaqtit ilinniarumattiaqattarninginnit courtesy Dorothy Mesher of Inuit. upigigakkit taanna uqalimaagaq atuliq- Mesher grew up in the time when para ilinniaqtilimaakkat taassuminga the young listened to and learned uqalimaariaqaqattaliqtitsugit. Ammalu from their elders. She writes, “Old ilinniaqtit aksualu piugiqattarmijangit! people would point out the faint Amisut uqalauqput inungniguuq tuki- caribou trails that were still visible sisimaniqsauliqput uqalimaagaq uqali- on the tundra. They’d tell us, when maaqsugu. those trails have been covered by the Taanna unikkaaqti Mesher pirurni- mosses and plants, then the caribou kuungmat taitsumani inuit suli mak- will come again, and they did, just kuktuit naalaqattalauqtillugit angajuk- as the elders had predicted.” It was siqutinginnit inutuqaqutinginnit. Titi- a time when Inuit were entitled raqpuq imaak, “Inutuqait tikkuaqatta- gxt m˙3 x9MFzi ƒ0Jxu under the laws of nature to grow laurmata tuktuit aqqutigijavininginnit Dorothy Mesher at her office in Kuujjuaq. and to thrive. tautungnarajaatuinnaqtut nunami. Dorothy Mesher allavingani kuujjuami The Inuit of Mesher’s youth were Uqautilauqsunitigut, tamakkuaguuq inventive. They would cut the thumb aqqutiujut pirurviusimaliqtillugit qua- off an old leather mitt and turn it jautinut manirnullu, tuktuit utiru- kNF1usbw5 wo8ix6t5 wo8ixDm5- into a nipple for babies to drink from. maaqput, sunauvva utirniqsutik, uqau- txc5b3iq8i5 sWQZ4r5 ∫8N sco- Young Dorothy’s brother Fred made singit nalauttiaqsutik.” Taitsumani µZ6 xgo6XC wo8ix6toµ4v5 ∫{h- her first pair of knitting needles from inuit nunaup maliganginnik malittiaq- uz scoµExcc5bo6t5hQ5. x7ml the heavy wire used to wrap tea boxes. sutik pivalliattiarungnalauqsimavut. wo8ix6t5 x4hxl WsQc5b3u/q5¡ Alec Gordon of Kuujjuaq impressed Inuit taitsumani Mesher makkuk- xuh5 scMs6S5 wk1iÅ6 gryy- everyone by designing the first tuutilluni isumatujualuulauqsimavut. mi6nso6S5 scoµZ6 scoµ6hA. wooden door for his tent. And Suurlu qisingmut sanasimajumik pua- ∫8N si4√6t m˙3 WD3iƒ1m5 when Inuit hunters and trappers luup kullunganik nakatiqsutik surusi- bw5hmi wkw5 ho m4f4gw5 ˆMc5- found the huge rubber weather bal- laarmut amaamautigijaulluni. Aninga- bMs6t9lQ5 xzJ4ydtq8i5 wkg- loons on the tundra, they brought guuq sanajjutilauqtanga nuviqsaaqsiu- cdtq8i5. ttC6S6 wµ4, “wkgcw5 them home and the women recycled tinik tiiqautit savirajangit qilagutingit t4fxc5bMs3mb g4gw5 x6ftQ/F- them into diapers and sheets. A atuqsugit. Ammalu tainna Alec Gordon iq8i5 bsg1NC÷gw8N6g5 kNu. tenacious, practical, and adaptable sivulliqpaangulluni Kuujjuami paaliuq- scstMs6hitA5, bm4fxÅ6 x6ftsJ5 people? Indeed! tuviniq qijungmut tupirminut, ammalu WD3Fsymo6t9lQ5 dx/stk5 mi3k9l, The writer’s early role models inuit angunasuaqtit mikigiaqtillu nani- g4gw5 stDµ6S5, hNs=? st3i6ht4, nurtured and sustained her. Mesher’s siliraangata silalirijit puviqtarjuanginnit scsyq5 NMs5tx6ht4.” bw5hmi genetic mother was Alice Berthe, an qaaqtisimajunik nunami angirraujjiqat- wkw5 kNs2 moZq8i4 mo5tx6ht4 independent woman who was not only talauqtut atuqsugit quingilitarnut (mak- W?9ox5txD1NMs6ymK5. a good sewer but also built houses kanut) ammalu allinirnut (iglirnut). wkw5 bw5hmi m˙3 m4f4©t9li for herself and her children. She Aksuruinnaqpaksutik, isumatuullutik, whmgJx¬Ms6ymK5. ˙3l ey1j5 started a diary in 1928, sewed its pivallianginnarungnanngikkaluaqpat? nNymJu4 Sx¬2 f9lzi4 Nvt6ht4 binding by hand, and over the next Iimmarik! hDy˜3j5 xµmstQ/s9li. xizÅ6 twenty-five years filled it with many Titiraqtiup surusiunirminik piruqsi- nN0JtMs6bz kF6~6ysti4 †cst5 details of her life. Berthe spoke only aqtaulaurmat nagligijauttiaqsuni pijjuj- nFC/q5 eMAtq5 xg6hQ5. x7ml Inuktitut. “My mother, like most of jauttiaqsunilu. Anaanammaringa Alice bw8N ≈M4 Axb8 yK9o6Ùa9li the people at that time, was very Berthe miqsuqtittiavaulluniguuq, iglur- ƒ0Jxu Ùos6gFi6 eJ1j5 gW3uk5, religious. Even today, it is still her jualiuqattalauqsunilu surusingitta x7ml wkw5 xaNhx6t5 urQx6- grandchildren, in Tasiujaq, who hold angirraksanginni. Titiraqpallialilauq- t9l NiyoÇzb yMoEp5 SF6b3- the [Anglican] church together there.” puq 1928-mi, paipaallu miqsuqsugit Jxq8i5 ç6tymJi4 kNu xq3- The strengths Mesher acquired from aggakkut, ammalu titirarvigivalliallugu

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 61 arraagu 25 iluani inuusirmini unikkaa- qattaqsuni. Inuktituinnaq kisianik uqarungnalauqpuq. “Inuit taitsumani ukpiqtuuniqsaulaurmata, anaanagat- tauq ukpiqtullariulaurmat. Ullumilu- unniit anaanama irngutangit Tasiujarmi Courtesy Dorothy Mesher tuksiarvilirijiujut.” Taanna Mesher asuilaa anaanamini sannginiqtaalauqpuq taqaq- quinirmik, nagligusungnirmik, aanni- aqannginnirmik amma pijaksalirittia- rungnarnirmik. Mesherup ataatammaringa atiqalauq- puq Arthur Karlsenmik Norwaymiu- taulluni tariup akiani, tiguarijautitaul- luni taakkunungat Billmut Susanmullu Edmunds-kkunut. Ugguarusulaunngit- tuq tiguarijaunirminut kisianik imminik ugguarusuliqpuq tusaattiaqattalaun- gxt wMQ/q9l ƒ1u !(#*-at9lA. gxtsK6 ∫8N gW3u5 Ùu5 bsg4gfl4. ngimmat tiguaqsingata unikkaaqtaralu- Dorothy’s family at False River in about 1938. Dorothy is the small child peeping out angani ataatallaringata miksaanut. of the tent. Aksut ataataqaraluaqpuq tiguaqsimik Dorothy ilagijangillu Kuungmi 1938-ngutillugu. Dorothyuvuq taanna tupirmit paamit taatsumanik Billmik! Uqalimaagarmik tautuktukuluk. niuviutilauqtanga niviaksaangulluni Alice in Wonderland-mik unikkaanguju- mik. Tiguaqsinga inuulilauqpuq 1888-mi Cs0pc5bMs6g5 xg6hQ5 dwqob3k5 her mother as revealed in this book Kuujjuami ammalu qallunaatitut inuk- Gm4vk5H x7ml x9oi3k5 Gw[o3k5H. were the gifts of stamina, tenderness, titullu ajunngittiaqsuni. Angajuqaangit x4hDw8N6X4ht4, whm©9lt4, W?9o- health, and responsibility. tariup akianinngaaqsutik Scotlandmit, xq8ND1N8q4vlx6X5V ∑7mE4¡ Mesher’s genetic father was Arthur ataatangalu niuviqtiulluni. Taanna ttC6ts2 hDysi3ui4 WD6yx6b- Karlsen, a Norwegian, who gave her Stuart Edward White titiralauqpuq sMs3m5 N[oQ/s5tx6hi W0J0/s5t- as a baby to Bill and Susan Edmunds. upigusungnirminik niuviqtit miksaanut x6hil. xˆN7mEz ≈M{ Ít u6h6- There is no bitterness here, just regret uqalimaagaliangani Call of the North, t5tx?s9liÅ6, w[l3Jxosc5bMs6- that she didn’t listen closely enough ammalu Mesher uqalimaaganganik hil hDyq5b xq3C4nq8i. ttC6- as a child to stories about Karlsen uqausit ijjuaqtausimajut: X9oxoMs6S6 !(@*-u, XwÙ9l u6- from her adopted dad, Bill Edmunds. h6hQ5 x[Z4f5, x7ml ttC3FQ?9ox9- She was a lucky girl to have had “Angutit nunaqanngittuit inui- lA x3ÇA @% wlxi w˚y3ui si4- a dad like Bill! He bought Mesher larmiittuit, tasirni, kuungni, √c5b6hi. wk4tgw8N6 ryxi4 sc- her first book, Alice in Wonderland. napaangtulingni; angutit Guu- D1NMs6S6. “wkw5 bw5hmi s4W6- Edmunds was born in 1888 in timiluunniit ukpirusunngittuit ©i6nsMs3mb, xˆNZ5bs6 s4W6g9- Kuujjuaq and he was fluent in English tatamigusulauqput nunaup san- MEsMs3m5. s9lu¬8•5 xˆNm w3a- and Inuktitut. His parents had come ngininganik pijungnarninganilu. bq5 bys/3u g4yx3FoEpsJ5.” ∫8N from Scotland, and Edmunds, like Kampanilu uumajuujaaqsuni. m˙3 xhw˜ xˆNui n8qi6∫Ms6S6 his father, worked for the Hudson’s Kampanikkut niuviqtinit upigi- bc6fwi3u4, N[oAh1i3u4, ≈8ixc8- Bay Company. Stewart Edward White jaunirijanginnik nunarjuit, sivuli- q8i3u4 x7m W/4noE5txD1N3i3u4. wrote an apt testimony to the men uqtit, aviktuqsimajuilluunniit m˙2 x∫b7mEz xtcMs6S6 ≈©3 of the Hudson’s Bay Company in namituinnaq upigijauniqalaunn- √9 n8u4 kxÏusbs9li bEs2 xrxi, his book The Call of the North, and gittuilluunniit taimaatigi.” tAxE/stbs9li ∫4fkz5 Wx9j5 Mesher quotes it: ˙n8j9l x5m8-4fk5. s[AxDhMs8q5g6 Niuvirvit kampanikkut Mesher inu- tAxE/si3uk5 ryxi4 w7ui4 s[Ax- “Men who had no country usinganut aktuisimajurjuangunnirmata. Dho6S6 g~5txc5bMs8q7m tAx6- cleaved to her desolate posts, her Tamakkuat niuviqtit pijungnarniqalaur- yzb si4√6bClxzi x∫b9MEzb lakes, rivers and forests; men mata tuniuqqainirmik ajuqsaqtuqsiu- u4~k5. who had no God bowed in awe tinik inutuqarnut ajuqsaqtunut. Isuaq-

62 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 x4h5 x∫bcClx6S6 tAx6yu4 before her power and grandeur. saiqattalauqsutik aanniaqtunik ammalu ∫5hmi4 Wx9u4¡ scoµZ3u4 isFs- The company was a living thing. kigutilirijigijaullutik, ammalu tusaqtit- tMs6bz iFx4~a9li Alice in No country, or leader, no state tijiullutik naalautikkut. Ataatanga taan- Wonderland-u4 si4√aJu4. tAx6- ever received half the worship na Edmunds Nunavingmi niuviqtiuju- yz w˚oMs6S6 !***-u ƒ0Jxu her sons gave her.” tuqaulauqpuq. Umiaqalauqpurlu angi- x7ml c9lˆtg5 wk4tg9l xJ8q5- jumik, qaujimalluniuk upigilluniullu tx6hi. xzJçq5 bEs2 xrxi8- The Hudson’s Bay Company was qiniqti titiraqti Peter Freuchen, Mesher Ω6ht4 y4v5M8u5, x∫bzl isF6- a major influence on Mesher’s life. niuvirutijangalu sivulliqpaamik paisi- ts9li. ∫8N y©?3 x5Kx5 sxw5 The “Bay Boys” had the power to kuumik, aupaqtumik qamutiliurujjillu- ttCMs6S6 sWAh1i3ui4 isF6t5 hand out relief to any old people niuk usiqarungnaqtumik “sikumik u4~k5 scoµZoxzi Call of the unable to take care of themselves. uqumainnilingmik 100 paunnik”. Aju- North, x7ml m˙3 scoµZzi4 They acted as doctors and dentists, riqsaqtitanga tiriganniaqsiurnirmik scsy5 w0Jx6bsymJ5: and transmitted messages on the kisianik ingminik mikigiarungnalaun- wireless radio. Edmunds worked for ngittuq qallunaanguninganut. “xat5 kNc8q5gw5 wkwM- the Company for many years in Anaanangattauq tiguaqsinga Susan- 3¨5gw5, by3i, ƒ1i, NÙ1go1i; Nunavik. He owned a Peterhead mik atilik aktuiniqalaurmijuq Dorothy- xat5 Åtu¬8•5 s4WDh8q5gw5 boat, he knew and admired explorer mik niviaksaangutillugu. Susaup anga- bbuAhMs6S5 kNs2 n8qizi4 and writer Peter Freuchen, he bought juqaangit tuqulaurmatik mikittuutillu- WJ1N3izil. v7Xil ßmÔ÷6hi. Mesher her first bike, and he had a ni ammalu tiguarijaulluni qiturngariik- v7Xi4f5 isF6ti5 sWQ/si- red sleigh made for her that could tunut sialaarijaunniqsuni. Pittianngi- E/q8i4 kN3Jw5, yKos6t5, “hold a 100 lb sack of ice.” He showed tauninganut inuusirminik quviasulaun- xF4g6ymJw9¬8•5 Nugw8N6 Mesher how to kill a fox but he was ngittuq, Mesher titiralauqpurlu: “taimai- sWQ/sicMs8q5gw9¬8•5 not allowed to trap furs because he tauninganut pirulauqpuq innaruliqtil- bwµtQ.” was “not classified as an Indian.” lugu iliranalauqpuq quviasunngitsu- Her adopted mother Susan was nilu.” Susan isuaqsautiliuqattalauqpuq isF3F5 v7Xi4f5 m˙3 w˚yzk5 an interesting influence on the young quiqtuqtunut imaak: “maalaasas qalaaq- x4gwymJ3Jxa8i3mb. bm4fx5 is- Dorothy. Susan’s parents had died titsugu sitilirninganut ammalu misut- F6t5 WJ1N3icMs3mb gis6vwi3u4 when she was young and she was sugu igavit gaasaliinsanginnut.” xJ6n6g6ysti4 wkgc3k5 xJ6n6- adopted by a family who treated her Pijaksangit amisualuulauqput! gk5. whx6nwc5bMs6ht4 ≈8ix6- like Cinderella. This mistreatment Ammalu Mesher inuusirminik silattuq- gi4 x7ml rAtoEpQ/s9lt4, x7ml left its bitter stamp, Mesher writes: sivalliajjutigijangit. Surusit Nunavingmi gn6t5tps9lt4 ˆMst4f5. x∫bz “Therefore, she grew up to be a taitsumani imiqtariaqaqattalauqput qattait ∫8N x5m8 kNF1u isF6tsJgc- rather stern and unhappy person.” ajjaqsugit kinngakkut, qijuktaqattaqsu- Susan’s cough remedy is worthy of tik, mattitautillu (nuluat) kamagillugit. note: “She would boil molasses and Kisianiguuq kinguningani ugguarusu- make a hard candy and then dip that lilauqpuq “sunatuinnait pijautuinna- into a little bit of kerosene.” gaksaulirmata”, ammalu inuit “imminik Chores! Mesher had plenty – and pinasuaqattarungnailisivalliallutik”, they were character builders. The ammalu “ilillutik pijjujjauqattarnirmik.” children of Nunavik in her day carried Ullu ilangani aujautillugu 1941-mi water in pails up and down hills, Nunavingmi qimmit qiluktualuugalu- gathered firewood, and tended nets. aqput qilangmi sungiunanngittuqar- Later, she laments, life changed so ninganut. Inuit “ullaumajut kappiasuk- Courtesy Dorothy Mesher that “everything was free”, and the tualuullutik. Amisullu qiamajualuit.” people began “losing any sense of Amialikamiut unataqtuksaqutingitta being personally responsible” and qangattasuungit minniqput, angaju- started “learning to be helped.” qaangittalu Roosevelt irninga ilaulluni. One summer day in 1941 the Qiniraluarmata nunamik mivviliurvik- furious howling of the Nunavik samingnit qangattasuut aqqusaaqatta- dogs signalled a strange visitation qullugit uqsuqtaarlutik tariup akianu- gxt x7m xiz bµi !(#(-u. from the sky. Inuit were “running arnialiraangata unatarviujumut nunamut. Dorothy with her brother Fred, about 1939. around feeling very scared. A lot of Mesher sulijumik uqalauqpuq, “taiman- Dorothy amma aninga tamaani 1939-mi. them were crying.” The American ngalimaaq inuusivut asijjiqtualuuvuq!”

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 63 sMs6S6. suxcMs6S3l xqJu4, military planes landed, with President Amialikamiut unataqtuksaqutingit cspm9lis4 sWQ9lis9l ei6t Roosevelt’s son among those on board. taikaniilirninginnut Mesherup ataatan- ttC6t „b KDw4v8, m˙3 isFDt- They were looking for suitable terrain ga niuviqtiujungniiliqsuni unataqtuk- /zl yK9o6Ùu4 Xwyƒu4, xsX6gu4 for an airforce base where their air- salirijini amialikamiuni iqqanaijaqsuni. cjtosD0p9lis4 sycD1N6gu4 planes could land and refuel on Amialikamiutait inungnik sungiugu- “yfu4 sdmw8io1u4 !)) Xs8i4”. their way to the war in Europe. As suliqtittijuvinit uqummiagarnik, luuk- xJE6n6tbz tEZ8ix6ys3i3u4 Mesher eloquently states, “From taanik, tarrijautinik, painik nirijaksanik, ryxi4 w1ui4 urQxD1NMs8q5g6 that point on our lives immediately ammalu puluattinik (siggalianik) aki- c9lˆaizk5. changed!” qaqtigilauqtunik “.10 Taja siakulungnik xˆNz5bs6 tAx6yz ˙n8-u4 The American presence stimu- siggaliaqaut atausiq, ammalu iluittut xto4 x4gwicMs3uJ6 gxtu4 iF- lated her father to leave the Hudson’s atausirmik taalamik.” Mesher pusikaa- x4~at9lA. ˙ns2 xzJçq5 gdM- Bay Company and to work for the taarvigilauqtangit atiqaqtitanganik s3mt4 ur5©t9li x7ml tAxE/s9- Americans. The Americans intro- taamimik. Siurarmik katiqsuiqattalauq- li eg3z‰4gk5 yx˜E/s8i6hi. duced the Inuit to candy, doctors, puq pusikaup anarviksanganik. Kisianik W5tx8qbsizk5 w˚y3ui4 dFxh- movies, pies, and cigarettes which pusikaa tuqutaulauqpuq miqqungalu Ms8q5g6, m˙3 ttCMs6S3l: “bw- cost “10 cents a package or one dollar nasaliuqtaulluni. mwbsizk5 WDMs6S6 w8NDo6t9lA per carton.” They gave Mesher her Amialikamiut qangattasuungit tiki- woCNMs6S6 dFxh8q5hil.” ˙n8 first cat which they named Tommy. laurmata, inuit qanimajualuulilauqput whx6nstosc5bMs6S6 dw6g6gk5 She collected sand for its litter box, Ungaavami – kisianik amialikamiutait wµ4: “µ˜n{ c˜6t5hA yto3izk5 but the cat was killed and made into tikilauqtinnagit kaaktuqaqtualuulauq- x7ml uh5hA wZF5 Ûnø8nq8k5.” a “Tommy-cat-hat!” put: “...Amisummarialuit tuqulauqput W/4nq5 xuhx¬Ms6S5¡ x7ml Shortly after the American planes kaaluamut nunami Aupalungmik tai- m˙3 w˚y3ui4 yM5g6y?9ox0JtQ/q5. arrived, a serious flu epidemic rav- jauliqtumi ullumi.” “Aanniaqattarniq hDy5 kNF1u bw5hmi wu6bExc- aged the Ungava Coast, but severe tuquniq, kaavijjuaqattarniq, tamakkuat c5bMs6S5 c5bw5 x0/6hQ5 r8z4f5, famine had been in the works there ililauqsimavakkat surusiullunga.” eJ4bc5b6ht4, m5tbst9l Gklx5H long before the arrival of the Mesher ippinattiaqtumik titiraqsi- vmQ9lQ5. ryxiÅ6 raizi s[AxD- Americans: “…many, many people mavuq imaak: hoMs6S6 “hNgw8Nw5 W/sgw8NZ4- died from starvation on about the nso3mb”, x7ml wkw5 “w7ui4 WN- same site where the Aupaluk com- Inuusinnik, ammaluunniit suli hxc5bD1Nwoy?9ox9lt4”, x7ml munity stands today…Sickness and maanna nunagijannik, ilittisi- “wo9lt4 W0J0/sc5b3i3u4.” death, hunger and starvation, were malauqpugut inuunirmik aksu- s9l wMzi xs/st9lA !($!-u things that I learned about very rurnalaangujumi silarjualimaami. kNF1u e7u5 el4gx¬Zlx6S5 early in life.” Kisianik ullumiuliqtuq arraaguit

gxt x7m wMQ/q5 ßuz gWcMs6S5 x3ÇAu4 xbsy3u4 ƒ0Jx3j5 k4tMs6t9lQ5 u=Fc6gj5. nsu3u: oy ≈∫7{. bo6Wu: gxt m˙3 Dorothy and her family lived in this tent for about a year after they moved to the new air base at Kuujjuaq. Left: Lizzie Adams. Right: Dorothy Mesher. Dorothy amma ilagijangit uuminga tupiqalauqput arraagumik atausirmik Kuujjuarmut nuktilauqtillugit mivviqaqtumut. Saumirmi: Lizzie Adams. Taliqpimi: Dorothy Mesher Courtesy Dorothy Mesher

64 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 eM1u hqsN8q5gc3izk5. wkw5 “s9MsmJ5 v2Wxh4gx¬9lt4. xuh9l exmJxlw5.” xuxovus5 sNb6g4- ndtq5b cz5b˙q5 u8i6S5, xz- Jçq5bl ÎnFs9 w3iz wMs9li. eiClx3mb kNu4 u=Fos3F4nu1i5 cz5b˙5 x6f~c5bd9lQ5 s6h6∫3- Courtesy Dorothy Mesher lt4 bEs2 xrxkx3ixoÇzb sN- b3FsJj5 kNj5. m˙3 hoJu4 sc- Ms6S6, “bwm8zoµ6 w˚yK5 xy0- p6gx¬K6¡” xuxovus5 sNb6g4ndtq5 bwv- •o3iq8k5 m˙2 x∫bz isF6t- sJ1•o6hi sNb6g4noEpi xux- ovusi w6vNw/6hi. xuxovusbw5 wk1i4 hqsAho6t5tJFi5 sd7u- xZ3i4, ¬4∫i4, b3E/sti4, Xwi4 iE/4ni4, x7ml Slx5ti4 Gy[Zo- gWs2 wlxi u5b3Fs2 ciz•5g6. xi4H xrc6tQMs6gi4 “.!) b/ Inside the family tent at the base. yxfl1i4 y[Zoxcs5 xbsy6, x7ml Tupiup iluani mittarviup qaninganiittuq. wlw5g5 xbsy3u4 ∫Mu4.” m˙3 Sy- √∫3FQMs6bq5 xtc6tbzi4 ∫u- u4. ysC3u4 vt6hwc5bMs6S6 Sy- Mesher boldly states: qatsikuluit naasimaliqtillugit inu- vs2 xN3F4nzi4. ryxi4 Sy√ gdb- usivut “ajurnanngititausimanin- sMs6S6 u6fzl Nnos6bs9li. In my own lifetime, and right ganut” uvikkavut piruqtuit piti- xuxovus5 cz5b˙q5 trMs3mb, here where I still live, we were tauluaqsutik pijjujjauluaqsutik, wkw5 cimJx¬oMs6S5 sΩ?u — accustomed to living in the hardest, ammalu ikajuusiaqattarnikkut ryxi4 xuxovusbw5 trMs6t8NQ5 harshest, most difficult conditions inuuliqtuit. √4gx¬icMs6S5: “...xuh7mExlw5 known to any people in the world. gdMs6S5 √lxj5 kNu xsXl1u4 Now, only a few years later, the liv- Mesher titiraqsimangmijuq inuusiri- bw/so6gu s9lu.” “≈8ixc5b3i6 ing has become so “soft,” so “easy,” lauqtaminik Labradorimi nunagilaur- gdi6, √F0Jxc5b3i6, bm4fx5 that many of our young people magu ukiunik 29-nik ammalu piruq- woMs6ym?4v5 hDys9lz.” are growing up to be spoiled, to sailluni surusirnik 14-nik. Summakkiaq m˙3 w2WN5tx6gu4 ttC6ymK6 be pampered, to be dependent uqausiqanngittialauqpuq uimik uvvalu wµ4: on all kinds of handouts. surusingitta ataatanginnit. Uqausiqa- lauqpuq Goose Bay sunanik piugija- w˚y8i4, x7m¬8•5 ho µ8N kN- Mesher writes about her life in qalaurmangaaq: illuup iluaniisuunik Q/8i4, wo5tymMs6SA5 w˚i3u4 Labrador where she stayed for twenty- piruqsianik, akinnarmi qaarijausuut xhD3N˜aJu yM3Jxoµu. ryxi4 nine years and raised fourteen chil- nunaranngualit, ammalu imalituinnari- s9luso6g6 x3ÇAw5 c5yflw5 dren. It is an interesting fact that at alit cake-liurutiksait. ˆymo6t9lQ5 w˚yK5 “xJ3N8- no time does she mention a husband Kuujjuarmut utilaurmat arraaguit qtbsymizk5” sF4vK5 WD6- or the father of her children. She lets 29 naasimaliqtillugit, ujjirusulauqpuq gw5 Wtbslx6ht4 W0J0/sl- you know what impressed her in ajjiujungniiqtunik. Suurlu arnait atuqat- x6ht4, x7ml wvÔyxc5b3i4f5 Goose Bay, Labrador: house plants, tarungniiqsimavut ulikattangnik aupaq- w˚o6gw5. flowered wall paper, and cake mixes. tunik uinginnit tunirrusiasuurijangit On her return to Kuujjuaq twenty- katititautillugit. Tauqsiqatiqaqatta- m˙3 ttC6ym1uJ6 w˚yEMs6bui4 nine years later, she noticed changes. rungniiqtuit allanik naskaapinik, mak- ˜SCgxu kNQMs3mA srsi4 @(-i4 Women were no longer wearing the kuktuulluni iqqaumannirmat inuillu x7ml WD6nw9li hDy3i4 !$-i4. red shawl which their husbands pre- naskaapillu tauqsiitillugit tukisiturau- h7mrx6 scsyc8q5txMs6S6 swu4 sented to them as a bridal gift. There tiqattalauqput aggakkut tukiliuqsutik, s=?l hDyq5b x∫bq8i5. scsy- was no more trading between Inuit uqausiqaqatigiilaunngimmata. Imia- cMs6S6 Å{ Xwu hNi4 WsQ/cM- and Naskapi, who did not understand lungmik imiqattaliqsutik ammalu aan- s3mΩ6: w9¬2 wlx•˙i4 WD6yxi4, each other’s languages and had used gajaaqtuqauqattaliqsuni; inuillu nuila-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 65 ∫8N x0pos6bsJ6 !($^-u. nsu3u5 bo6Wj5: oy Axb8 xiui4 tAux6g6 ©µu4, /y Axb8, kxm8 h9l, x7m gxt !$-i4 srsc6hi. This photo was taken in 1946. Left to right: Lizzie Gordon holding her brother Tooma, Jessie Gordon, Norman Hubloo, fourteen-year- Courtesy Dorothy Mesher old Dorothy. Taanna ajjiliuqtaujuq 1946-mi. Saumirmit taliqpimut: Lizzie Gordon animinik tigumiaqtuq Toomamik, Jessie Gordon, Norman Hubloo, amma Dorothy 14-nik ukiuqaqsuni.

xr8N3u çE/s˙5 kNC8axo5, x7ml hand signals during trading. Drinking qaqattaliqsutik tiriganniat miqqungin- wmogw8NExo5 ®[osDt4nw5. and drunkenness had become com- nit tiriganniarnik tauqsiiqattarungniiq- ƒ0Jx3j5 stMs3m5 x3ÇAw5 @( monplace; people were wearing fox sutik, ammalu qimmit miqqunginni ˆymo6t9lQ5, s0pDhMs6S6 x0ps- furs instead of trading them or using nuilaqaqattarungniiqsutik; uiviitituuq- J1•6gi4. ˙3l x3Nw5 xgc5bD1- the reliable dog fur on their parkas; paktunik qallunaaqtaqauliqpuq qallu- •6ymK5 sov5b1i4 xsX6gi4 sw- there was a strong presence of French- naatitut uqallattiarungnanngittunik; q8i5 gi3Dyx˙E/q5 vttbst9lQ5. speaking people whose English was ammalu Makivikkunni timigijaujurjua- bs6yctcc5bD1•6gw5 x9Mi4 N{√- poor; and there was the looming pres- mik pitaqaliqsutik, 1979-mi angirniliu- Wi4, m4f4©9li w6vsm8i3m5 wkw9l ence of the Makivik – meaning “Stand lauqsimaninginnut Nunavingmi nuna- N{√W9l bs6¥t9lQ5 grygCstc5b- Up” – Corporation, a result of the taarniup miksaanut. Imaak uqausirisi- Ms6S5 x[Z4f5 gros6ht4, scsyc- 1975 James Bay Northern Quebec majangit: “Ilaanikkut isumaqattaqpun- ctŒMs8q7mb. wuxl1u4 wuc5b- Agreement. She indicts them with this ga Nunavingmi aksuruutiqalualiqsima- o6ht4 x7ml ≈z÷6gcsc5bo6hi; sting: “I sometimes think that the prob- vugut pijjutigillugu taanna nunataar- wkw9l kwMcc5bo6ht4 tEZ8ix5 lem throughout Nunavik is the James nirmut angirnijuangujuq. Inuusittinni u6fq8i5 tEZ8ix3i4 bs6¥c5bD1- Bay Northern Quebec Agreement. pijjujjauluaqattaliratta amisutigut.” •6ht4, x7ml e7u5 u6fq8i It has spoiled so many of us!” Mesher kisianik uqalaurmat inuit kwMcc5bD1•6ht4; swÏt©6X4gi4 Mesher shows her naïveté when gavamaksalirilirmik piliriaqarumanngin- c9lˆ6bcso6S6 c9lˆtg5 sc9M5- she claims that Inuit are disinterested niraijangit. Ippigusulauqpunga titira- txD1N8q5gi4; x7ml mrF4f8i in politics. She got my attention when laurninganut imaak, “Nunavingmiut tuQ/sJ3Jxu4 Wbco6ht4, !(&(-u she wrote, “If the Nunavik Inuit inuit Kupaingmit avingnirutik ilagi- xq3iosMs6ymiq8k5 kNF1u kN- separate from Quebec it might be jauliqtuksaugaluat Labradorimiunut.” ∫3is2 u4~k5. wµ4 scsyEym/q5: logical that they’d become a part Uumatikkut quaqsaalauqpunga titi- “w˜i4f5 whmc5b6Sz kNF1u x4h- of Labrador.” rarninganut makkuktuutilluniguuq Îtclxo6ymKA5 W0JtQ9lA ∫8N The writer made my heart shiver uqausiqtaqalaunngimmata anger-mut kN∫3i3j5 xq3iJxaJ6. w˚y5t8i when she wrote that in her youth (ninngaumanirmut). Ullumiujurli uqau- W0J0/slxc5boC5b xuhtA5.” there was no word for anger in siit amisualuuliqput tamatumunga tuki- m˙3 ryxi4 scMs3m5 wkw5 Z?- Inuktitut. Today, there are over 400 liuqtunik 400 ungataaniittunik atuqsi- m4noEo3u4 WoExcDm8q8iCw/q5. words for anger used in workshops mallutik mamisarnirmut katimaniqaq- w2WAhMs6Sz ttCMs3izk5 wµ4, conducted in the Ungava commu- tillugit Ungaava nunaliqutinginni. “kNF1us5 wkw5 fXw1u5 xF1iDt4 nities. My experience in the wilder- Qaujimavunga ilittisimagama nunami- wMQ/so6g4nsZlx5 ˜SCgxEusk5.” ness with animals has taught me that illunga uumajuqaqtuni, inuit taimaak ßmt4f5 dx6~Ms6Sz ttC3izk5 when people have wounds this bad, aanniqsimaluarnikkut ippigusuluaqtut m4f4©t9liÅ6 scsy6bcMs8q7mb you can smell them coming. It takes inuusirmini, naimannaqattaqput qailiq- anger-j5 Gi8zsmi3j5H. s9lusJ3o courage to do what Mesher and many tillugit. Kappiattaittut Mesher amma scs¥5 xuhx¬o6S5 bmgjz tro- Inuit are doing in Nunavik by helping inuit Nunavingmiutait inuqutiminnit s6gi4 $)) sz∫•5gi4 xg6ym9- to heal their people. It takes courage, ikajuqtuingmata mamisarnirmut. lt4 mun3i3j5 vtmic6t9lQ5 sΩ? and naked honesty – and that’s what Sannginiqarnikkut, ammalu sulijumik kNodtq8i. cspmKz wo5tymZm it took to write this book. uqarungnarnikkut – taimaittumik uqa-

66 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 kN¨9lz ßmJc6gi, wkw5 bwµ4 It takes courage to say as Mesher limaagaliuriaksaq. ≈8i6ymlx3i4f5 w2WAhlx6g5 w˚- does: Sannginiqarnikkut kisianik Mesher y3ui, Nwm8Nc5b6S5 cwo6t9lQ5. imaak titirarungnalauqpuq: v2Wx5bw5g5 m˙3 x7m wkw5 kNF1- “In anybody’s real world any- usbw5 wkdtu8i5 wvJ6gw1mb where on the whole earth, “Sulijumik inuugutik silarjuami mun3i3j5. n8qic3i4f5, x7ml ho- there is the need to struggle in namituinnaq, inuuniarutik aksu- Ju4 scD1N3i4f5 — bwmw5gu4 order to survive. How can any ruriaqaraluaqput. Namituinnaq scoµZosEx4n6. society “make it” without such inuuqatigiit qanuq “pivalliat- n8qic3i4f5 ryxi4 m˙3 wµ4 struggle?” tiarungnaqpat” aksuruqattan- ttCD1NMs6S6: ngikkutik?” It takes courage to write this: “hoJu4 w˚At4 yM3Jxu Nu- Ammalu sannginiqarninganut imaak gw8N6, w˚ixDt4 x4hDEx- “Anyway, one thing is for sure; titiralauqpuq: cClx6S5. Nugw8N6 w˚ctŒ5 there will be a very harsh ck6 “W?9ox5txD1N6X5” awakening before long. There’s “Kisianik atausirmik nalunan- x4hDc5b8q4ft4V” a time coming when the tax- ngittuqaqpuq; aksuruqtitaulutik payers or politicians will turn uitatitauniaqput qaniktukkut. x7ml n8qic3izk5 wµ4 tt- off some of those taps. There Ta makkuat taaksinik akiliisuut CMs6S6: will be a rude awakening when uvvalu sivuliuqtit tamakkunanik those times come. There’s a ikajuutinik nuqqaqtittilaaqtuit “ryxi4 xbsy3u4 NlN8q5- lot of things I wouldn’t want ilanginnit. Inuit uitatitaukautig- gc6S6; x4hD6tbslt4 swbt- to go back to, but the new iniaqput taimailiuqtausimaliqtil- bsix6S5 ci4g4f5. bm4fx5 way, this fast and easy way, is lugit. Amisunik atuqsimajannik ∫4yi4 xrø˙5 s=?l yKos6t5 all headed for a big downfall.” atukkannirumanngippunga, kisi- bm4fNi4 wvÔti4 k6v6t5t˜6- anik ullumiujukkut inuusiqarni- gw5 wMq8i5. wkw5 swbtb- Courage anyone? Mesher has vut ajurnanngiluaqtualuuninga- svstQix6S5 bwmwos6bsy- shown the Inuit that our lives as we nut tamanna kataksimalirutigijau- mo6t9lQ5. xuhi4 xg6ym/8i4 once knew them are over, and it is tuinnariaqaraluaqpuq.” xg4v8iDm8q2Sz, ryxi4 s9l- now time for the young to “make usJ4f5 w˚yc3iK5 xJ3N8q- the endings!” lx6gx¬izk5 bm8N vb4ymo- Kina sannginiqaqpa? Mesher inungnut DtQ/sgw8NExcClx6S6.” Kuujjuaq – Memories and Musings takutittisimavuq qanuq inuusivut sungiu- by Dorothy Mesher gilauqtavut atulauqtavut pitaqarungni- rN n8qic6XV m˙3 wk1k5 bf- with Ray Woollam iqput, ammalu makkuktuit “sivuniksa- t5tymK6 ck6 w˚yK5 hqsQMs6- Unica Publishing Co. Ltd. 1995 liuriaqaliqtuit!” bK5 xgMs6bK5 WbcD1•6S5, x7ml P.O. Box 369, Duncan, B.C., m4f4gw5 “yKi4nosExco6gw5¡” Canada V9L 3X5

KC5 “g~pfl4” wuZc6g¨5g6 u=F1u. niz•5g6 Ôn2 XX4. Fred “the little translator,” perched on the Coke bar at the base. Beside him is Joseph Papak. Fred “tusaajikuluk” imigaqaqtumiittuq mivvingmi. Saninganiittuq Joseph Papak Courtesy Dorothy Mesher

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 67 s/Cw5 xsµ˙5 si4√6g6 dmz5

BURNING STONES told by Komangat

UJARAIT AUMAASUUT Unikkaaqtuq Komangat

si4√6 ∫8N n6rtbsK6 xq3iq8k5 We reprint this article with the kind Unikkaaq taanna saqqititauvuq w{r∆4f5 Eskimo-4f5 scoµZ4noEp5 permission of Eskimo. angirninginnut Eskimo Magazine-4f5 uqalimaagaksalirijit. bw5hmixl c9lˆ6bcMs8qt9lA A long time ago, before the whites ho isF6ti4 Ns÷i GxwFo1uH, set up a trading post at Repulse Bay, Taitsumanialu qallunaaqtaqalaunngitil- Wz˙JtA5 — kbCEx6, xfxw8k[l the three of us – Nutarear, Akoainuk, lugu suli niuviqtinik Naujaani (Aivi- x7m s?z — xs9˜c5bMsC5b and I – would travel from Igloolik lingmi), pingasuujutigut – Nutarariaq, w[lo1u5 ct4bo1j5, w7mç %)) to Fullerton, about 500 miles, to Akuainnuglu amma uvanga – aullaa- mwoi4, bs6y/6g6Lb tEZ8ix3i4. sell our fox skins. I was young in qattalauratta Iglulingmit Qatiktaling- m4f4©MsCm bw5hmi v2Wxhc5bMs6- those days and wasn’t a bit afraid mut, immaqaa 500 mailinik, tauqsijaq- ym8q5gz szy4gj5 xs9MEx4n6. of such a long journey. tuq&uta tiriganniarnik. Makkuktuu- s8k4 wMzi trMsC5b s4fy4n- One night we arrived at the laurama taitsumani kappiasuqatta- o1j5, x7ml trC3u ct4bo1u b1µ3- entrance of the bay where stones lauqsimanngittunga ungasiktumut can be found for making pots aullariaksaq. (Ukkusiksalik - Wager Bay). We Unnuk ilangani tikilauratta ukkusik- decided to camp out on a point. salingmut, ammalu tikirarmi Qatik- Just as we began to test the snow talingmi tangmaarnialauq&uta. Aputi with the idea of building an igloo, uuktaraliqtavut igluliurutiksattiavang- one of my companions noticed mik qiniq&uta, ilavut nalliakiaq ujjiri- a wooden shack, probably aban- lauqtangit iglualaaqtaqarmat qijung- doned by whalers or explorers. We mut sanasimajumik qimaktaviniqquuq- approached it at once and entered tangit arvirniaqtit uvvalu qiniqtit. Upak- without trouble. The interior was sikautigijavut isituinnaq&ugu. Iluani empty except for an old stove and sunataqalaunngittuq kisianik igavivinir- asmall quantity of coal. We had mik ammalu aummagaksakulungnik heard about the back stones that the paungnik. Tusaumasimagaluaratta qal- Burwash, National Archives of Canada PA99288 whites burned in the iron boxes and lunaat atuqattarmataguuq qirniqtunik also about their oil that caught fire ujarangnik aummaasuunik igavingni so quickly, but we had never seen savirajaksamut sanajausimajunut, am- them and the whole idea was a little malu tusaumagillugit uqsurjuaqtaqar- dmz5 w[lo1u !(@^-at9lA. foggy in our minds. But what a ningit ikuallaksaraittunik, kisianik Komangat at Igloolik in 1926. windfall. We could have a stew and takulauqsimannginnattigut ammalu Komangat Iglulingmi 1926-ngutillugu. sleep warmly in the white qanuittuullarigiaksanginnit nalugaluaratta.

68 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 dmz5 ∫8N si4√Ms3mA w4yC3Jx3j5 ∫5hjz x∫b †tj5, ttC6his4 c9lˆt©6his4 n6rbsMs6hi scoµZ3j5 w{r∆5 si4√q8k5. n6rQsMs6S6 µ5y !(%$-u sfx5 x0p8ax5 wMs9lt4: Komangat told this story to Théophile Didier, O.M.I., who recorded and translated it for Eskimo Magazine.

It first appeared in Eskimo in March Deschâtelets Archives (Komangat) 1954, along with these photos. Qumangat taanna unikkaalaurmagu iksirarjuarmut taatsumunga ataata Didiermut, titiraqsuniuk qallunaatituuqsuniuk saqqitaulauqsuni uqalimaagarmut Eskimo unikkaanginnut. Saqqigiulauqpuq

maatsi 1954-mi ukuat Richard Harrington- Diocese of Churchill Hudson Bay (Fr Didier) ajjinnguat ilaullutik

dmz5 x∫b †t Komangat Father Didier Qumangat Ataata Didier ixMs6Lb. xSt ß4bCo6bK5 w[l- man’s house. Kisianik quviasuktualuulilauqpugut osDt4n5tx?1u4 ei6Lb, wMK5 We brought our baggage in at a uujuliurungnarniaratta uqquujumilu N9oxrx6 s0pEMs6bq5 w[lx˜6- smart clip, slid the sleds onto the qallunaat iglungani sinittiarniaratta. bc3m5 eJ1j5 nNymJu4 em4bFi6- roof, fed the dogs, and then dis- Piqutittinnik aik&iallalauqtugut ƒ6bq5 x3F3ix6t5 s=?l ei6t5. cussed how best to light the black tuaviq&uta, qamutiiglu aaqik&ugit sX4yvstQ/K5 wygw8N6LA. wlxi stones. Prudence was required in igluup ittangani, qimmit nirikkaq&u- hNbcMs8q5g6 ryxi4 wZFFi3u4 case the coal should catch fire too git, uqaqatigiiliq&utalu qanuq uja- x7ml xs7mZ4nfl1i4 Xs1i4. gn- rapidly and even explode. We put rangnik tamakkunanik aummaaliqtit- smymZlxC5b c9lˆ5 xgc5b3mbÅ6 afew pieces in the stove. We found tiniarmangaattinnik. Ujjiqsuttiarasu- e3i6gi4 s/C1i4 xs7µ˙i4 wZF1i some matches there too, that we giaqalauqpugut ikikautiginniqpata nFC/4nj5 nN/symJk5, x7ml gns- knew how to handle. Ittuksarjuat uvvalu qaarajaqpataluunniit. Ujarangnik mQ9lQ5 s6h3Jx6bc3iq5 wfx9M4- had even brought some from qatsiinnarnik igavingmut aaqiksilauq- nCw5gi4, ryxi4 bfMs6ym8q8N5tA5 Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet) which he &uta, ammalu taikani ikkititaqarnirmat x7ml ckw5©9MEQx4nq8i5 NlZl- slit in four to make them last longer. ikkitilirinirmilu qaujimalluta. Ittuqsarjuat xC5b. ryxi4 dFxh4gx¬oMs6SA5 They were a little damp, but strik- taanna naksalaurmaluunniit Mittimata- ßJosD1N3ixC5b s6ƒJul c9lˆ5 ing a flint got one to flame up. I lingmit qupiqattaq&unigit atausiq sita- w[lz i yi5tx3ixC5b. dropped it quickly into the stove, mannguqti&&ugu pituarillugit. Qausi- Wdt5t8i4 xs4Ox9Ms6gA5 gx- closed the top and scurried away to ralakkaluarmata kisianik innit kasuk- F6Lb, cj†[l ≈e4LQ5 w[¬2 w5b- a safe distance. After a few minutes, tuq&ugit ikkiti ikkitijavut. Igikautigivara zi, e7u5 iE4v6LQ5, scctŒo6- seeing nothing and hearing nothing igavingmut, igaviup matunga matukau- Lbl ck6 s/C1i4 bm4fNi4 xs7- we crept up one after anotherm tigillugu, qimaasillungalu. Utaqqikain- µo6t5tix3mΩ5t8i4. s0p6h5tx- cautiously. Niglijualuk - icy. Finally, naq&uta, qanuiliuqtuqannginnirmat ChQxcMs6SA5 wrvstQ8i6Xb s=?l Akoainuk, who doesn’t frighten tusaqsaujuqanngimmallu tirliaq&uta çC/6Xb¬8•5. s/C1i4 c5¥8N3i4 easily, peeked under the cover. utiqpalliasivugut. Niglijualuk. Asuilaak wZF1j5 ≈e4yMs6Lb, x7ml bwvi “Sunauvva”, he said. “Qamittuq. - Akuainuuk, kappiasuliqsarainngittuulluni w4rtbc3i3m5 w4rtoEi3ul cspm9- it’s out.” igavingmut takugiaqsivuq. Uqaq&uni, lb. w5g6n3Jx5 ∫8N N4nMs3m¬8•5 No wonder, said Nutarear, “the “Sunauvva, qamittuq.” u5tmbo1u5 dWc5b6LiQ5 xbsy6 match was too small. It must have Nutarariaq kiulluniuk, “Upinnarani, ybm8a6tPLA WgxE9lQ5. csyCM4v- gone out as it fell.” ikkitivut mikiluaqqaummat. Qaminnir-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 69 lx3mb ryxi4 w8i5 vh4g6LQ5 w4rt He got the package of lamp wick maqqai igitautillugu.” w4rt/K5. wQvstQ?C wZF1j5, wZFs2 moss, lit a wick, slammed the cover Tigusilluni qulliksanut manirnik, mgz mgvstQ9lA, eµy9lzl. sb6- back on, and hurried to join us at manirmik ikittilluni igavingmi, matullu- rvw8N6Lb, ckwos6gc8q8i3m gn6- the door. niuk tuavialuk&unilu ullaksijuq paamut. nsJc8q7m9l t3ox6Lb st6X9ox- “By the way, you wouldn’t have a Apirillunitigullu “Tipaakikuluktaqa- yKA5. i[oJxl4. xhw˜4 xfxw˚4, spare pinch of tobacco? Thanks! “ rajanngikkaluaqpisi? Qujannamiik!” v2Wxho6nCw8q5©9li wZF1j5 bfQ- We wait a while. utaqqiallalaukkanniliq&utalu. x6yK6. sc6Li, “hNs=?, cu5g6.” Seeing no change, we go back Sujuqanngiinalualirmat, isikkanni- kbCEx6 rs9lis4, “SW8NCi, and feel the stove again: just as cold liqpugut igavik aktuq&utigu: niglinaqtuq w4rtK5 urlx6vs7m5. cu8i3m6vw as before. Under the lid cover… suli taimaatut. Matuiq&utigu...sunauvva wQbst9lA.” Sunauvva qamittuq! qamittuq! tAy9li d9o4nk5 mi3i4, mi3u4 “Pass my pipe over please. A match “Supuuqtuutiga qaigu. Ikkitimiglu wr5t9li wZF1u, mg9lis4 gxFx- or two also.” marruungniluunniit.” l4Lil s9M4yJ6 Ùj5. “Now,” said Akoainuk, “it’s my Akuainnuuk uqautillunitigut “Maanna xWE9litA9l “tÙrfl4bcC/8q4- turn. You boys don’t understand how uukturiaqaliqpunga. Ilissik tukisinngit- vlx6WyV d/8N¨4¡” sb6rx9MMs4- white man’s things work. Can’t you tualuugatsik qanuq qallunaat piqutin- v8io6Lbl. see that little box down below? That’s git atuqtaugiaqarmangaata. Takunngin- hJc8Â8Nlxo3m5, wy4v8io6SA5 where the moss should be to light the natsiuk taanna puuq ataaniittuq. Maniq wZF4 x4g6LtA: i[oN6g6 ho bw- fire.” He puts a handful of burning tagvunga ilijaujariaqarmat ikittijuma- µg5. mgw6LtA...hNs=? cu5g6¡ moss there – with the same results. gutsiuk.” Manirnik ikittunik tagvunga “hÍ6©tZ cwA. w4rtu[l m3Î1i- We sprinkle seal oil liberally all ilisigami kisianik – sunnginniq&uni. ¬8•5.” over the coal to make it catch fire. Natsiup uqsungani kuvisiliqpugut xfxw8˚4 scst9litA5 “µ8N ß4- Nothing doing. taakkuat ujarait qaanginnut ikittiarung- gExco6Sz. wo{y4 gry8q5gx¬Z5- Finally I gave up, went and got naqsiqullugit. Sunngimmaringmijut. y4 ck6 c9lˆ5 Wdtq5 xg6bs- my stone lamp, perched it on the Asuilaak sapiliratta, qullira aik&iliq- Qxc3mΩb. bf8q8N5ys4 ∫8N Í6 stove, and lit that. tara, igaviup qaanganut ilillugu ikitti- x∫•5g6. mi6 b=Kz wo/s/E- But it was quite late before we got aq&ugulu. xc3m5 wr5tJmA5ys4.” mi3i4 wr5- our broth hot enough. And I never Kisianik unuaraaluuliqtillugu qajuli- gi4 b=Kz woyZu ryxi4 — got so cold as that night, lying near uqtavut qalaaqsittialitainnalilauqpuq. h8q8iPLi. the stove, on the floor of that white Ammalu taimaatigi qiutigilauqsimann- N5ys2 s6hzi fFyo6SA5 ∫4fx5 man’s house. gittiaqpunga, igaviup qaningani nal- s/Cw5 çq8k5 wr5txD1N6yd9lQ5. langallunga qallunaap iglungani. h8q7mE1uJ5. xhw˜4 nWoC5b, d9oC xw4Oo6- bC, wZFs2 çzk5 wo9lA wr5t- x6LAl. ryxi4 skxǬo6t9lA cJos6- bK5 c˜6y5txobw8NoMs6S6. x7ml bwµtQ estQMs6ym8q5tx6Sz, wZFs2 cizi N9Mz9lz c9lˆ2 w[lzi.

70 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 ˆ7mgw8N6gu4 iec3li Wsi6nsK6 si4√6g6 Mi wMYn4 gryQxDt4nu4 ttC6g6 uxE √X8b

ENOUGH IS AS GOOD AS A FEAST told by Lennie Elangasak introduction by Mary Carpenter

NAAMMATUINNAQTUMIK NIQIQARLUNI PIUNIQSAUVUQ Unikkaaqtuq Lennie Elangasak Tukisigiarutiksamik titiraqtuq Mary Carpenter

srs6b6©2 sxoixi ƒZ3JxÇl The Mackenzie River is the Northwest Ukiuqtaqtuup ualiniani Kuugarjuaraalu mv8yu4 bw/sJ6 ƒ1i4 xq˜a9li Te rritories’ major waterway and the Mackenziemik taijaujuq kuungnik angi- kN5yx3u, x7ml si4√6gx3i si4- source of many of its folk tales. It repre- laangulluni Nunatsiarmi, ammalu unik- √aym?4S6. grc6tbs1m5 ßmi3u4 sents both life and death, as it is a well- kaaqtuarni unikkaangusimavakpuq. Tuki- gdi3ul, w˚0JtQ/s9li, d6b3- spring, a sewer, and a tomb. qaqtitaungmat uumanirmik tuqunirmilu, Fs9lil wlFc3Fs9lil. This is an old Inuvialuit fable told inuujjutigijaulluni, quqtarviullunilu ilu- ∫8N si4√6gxgc6 wkFxlw5 by the late Lennie Elangasak. It is a viqarviullunilu. si4vsyEym/q5 Mis2 wMznFis2 story of a hunter’s growing obsession Ta anna unikkaaqtuatuqaq inuvialuit si4√6bz. xaNhx6t xbsy6 with cannibalism. During times of unikkausirisimajangit Lennieup Elanga- wk1i4 iEJmw8No6ymizi4 si4- severe famine, cannibalism apparently saviniup unikkaaqtanga. Angunasuaqti √6bsK6. wkw5 bw5hmi √F0Jx6- was practised by Inuit. atausiq inungnik nirijumainnaliqsima- gcc5boÇzbÅ6 hNs=? wk1i4 In this tale a hand appears out of ninganik unikkaaqtauvuq. Inuit taitsu- iEc5bMs6ym1mb. nowhere, informing the listener that the mani kaavijjuaqtuqaqattaliraangataguuq x[Z1uÅ6 Nr4rx6 n6r5gcvstQ- teller is a shaman; in the Old North sunauvva inungnik niriqattalauqsi- ymMs3m5, si4√3u4 g~J6 cspmd9- they were the ones to deal with the evil mangmata. lAÅ6 si4√6g6 ∫8N xz4ƒa8i3m5, spirits. In Inuit mythology, hands played Aggangmiguuq nakikkiaq saqqittuqa- srs6b6gu bw5hmi xz4fw5 vmQ- a significant role. It was by losing her kautigisimalaurmat, unikkaarmik tusaa- /cc5bMs3mb ©3z3k5 v2WxN6gk5. hands that the Woman Beneath the Sea juq qaujimaqulluguguuq unikkaaqtuq wkw5 si4vsyq8i5 x[Zw5 grc6t- – known by many names, including taanna angakkuungunnirmat, ukiuqtaq- bs8i3mb W7mEsJu4. koxÔ2 s=?l Nuliajuk, Takannaaluk, and Sanna – tumi taitsumani angakkuit kamagijaqa- bv8ˆ¬2 n8Ns2 x[Zw/6bsMs3izk5 severed her connection with the human qattalaurmata tuurngarnik kappianaqtu- ©3z8aoMs6ym1m5 bEs2 x∫i. world. Angakkuit (shamans) also spent nik. Inuit unikkausinginnit aggait tuki- xz4fw9lÅ6 b4Xsz s9lEx3k5 bs5- a lot of time looking up at the stars, as qaqtitaunnirmata pimmariujumik. Nulia- gw8Nc5b3i3mb5bs6, ˙3l xattg5 does the man in the story. This tale shows juup uvvalu Takannaaluup Sannaup si4√6gxu scsyE/sJtg5. si4√3u4 the Old North Inuit fears of separation aggaijaqtaulaurninganut tuurnganngu-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 71 ∫5hmi s0p3N6gc6S6 wkw5 bw5- from family, community, and the human lilauqsimangmat tariup ataani. Angak- hmi v2WxQc5bMs6ymi6nE/q8i5, world. The torment centres on two uni- kuilluguuq takpaunga ulluriarnut taut- wMcD1•6tbsi3u4, kNocctc- versal human failings – pride and greed. tuinnaqattarnirmatattauq, suurlu angu- D1•3i3u4 x7ml w˚ctcD1•3i3u9l. With the arrival of Christianity, it tititut unikkaaqtuami uqausirijaujutitut. x4hDE/sJ5 xJ6ym0JtQns˙5 m3Î4 — was no longer necessary for Inuit to kill Unikkaarmik taatsumani ujjirnaqtuqaq- ˆM8q8i6 x7ml WJmlx3i6. their children in times of starvation. puq inuit taitsumani kappiagiqattalauqsi- s4W6©o3i3u4 xgoc5bMs6ymo6- Christianity taught the Inuit of the maniqsarijanginnit, ilaqarungniiqtitau- t9lQ5 wkw5 hDy3u1i5 g∂5tc5b- Old North that male and female were nirmik, nunaliqaqatiqarungniirnirmik D1•oMs6ymK5 √F0Jx6gcoClx6- equal in the eyes of God. This idea that ammalu inuuqatiqarungniirnirmillu. t9lA. fCw{gyusbsMs6gw5 bw4fx5 young girls were equal to boys was a Aksururijaujut ajuqsimajjutigijausuut bw5hmi srs6b6gu xJE6hwoM- very difficult concept for the Old North marruuk – naalannginniq ammalu s3mb wk1k5 x3Nw9lÅ6 xa†9lÅ6 Inuit to grasp. pijumaluarniq. x0pŒu4 Åts2 bsg4bw5. wkw5 Old Man Lennie became an Anglican Ukpiqtuulirnirmik atuliqattalauqsi- yK9osi6nsMs6gw5 bw4fx5 s4WD- lay minister in Aklavik, and in the story maliqtillugit inuit surusirmingnit tuqu- hMs8q7mb x3Nw5 xattg5 you can tell he was struggling with uttiqattarungniililauqsimavut kaavi- WstQ1mb. restraints advocated by Christianity. jjuaqtuqaliraluaqtillugu. Kuraistusimiu- w5©J6 ∫8N Mi xJE6hwpk5 My grandmothers were of his genera- taulauqtuit taikkuat taitsumani ukiuq- wvJ6tsoMs6ymK6 x4I3F1u, x7ml tion and they both revered their Bibles, taqtumi ajuriqsuililaurmata inungnut NlN8q5g6 si4√Clx6t9lA fCw{- given to them by the missionaries like arnailluguuq angutiilluguuq ajjigiimik gyusbw5 moZsd/q8i5 moZh1- a new amulet. Perhaps my Old North Guutiup tautuktait. Inuit sivulliuniqsau- izk5 whwA˙tcMs3i6S6 si4√6- elders felt liberated by embracing the lauqtuit taikkuat ukpirusulaunngimmata bui4. xˆN5tx4v4 m3Î4 srsctQo- new religion which offered freedom from arnait angutititut piutigingmata. Ms6bq5 ∫8N, x7ml w0J3Nw5gu4 the many rules, taboos, and fears that Ittuujuq taanna Lennie ajuriqsuijinut W8NE/clxMs6Í4, gi3DyxE8i6bq5 governed traditional life. ikajuqtiulilauqsimavuq Ak&arvingmi, g4yx6t5tpsçMs6gi5 ˙3l k∫u4 Lennie Elangasak married a ammalu nalunanngittuq unikkaaraluaq- Wg6fttg5 xgo6hi0J4. w7mç yK9- Gwich’in woman named Sarah from tillugu Christusimiutait maligauqujan- oEMs6b4v5 s?8i5 xzJ4ysJ5 Fort McPherson. They had three sons: ginnit maligasungninganut isuigusuuti-

72 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 e9Mw6bsAhMs3i6S5 k∫u4 s4W3- Archie, Edward, and the late Timothy; qalaurniqpuq unikkaaqtaminik. Anaa- ico3i4f5, wo6fygcq8i5 moZc- and two daughters, Persis and Winnie. nattiakkak marruuk ukiuqaqatigililauq- lxMs3iq8k5, tEA˙tc6ht4, x7ml Old Man Lennie lived in a time tangit taanna, ammalu ijjurnaittumik v2Wxh4tbsc5blxMs6ht4. when his generation of Inuvialuit pinnarijaqalualauqpuuk, tunirrusiarin- Mi wMzh4 ∫8N koxiMs6S6 were comfortable in calling themselves niqtangit tuksiaqtittijiuqqaalauqtunit x9Mu4 ysCu4 xto1u4 Kx3 m4n8- “Huskies” or “Eskimos.” He owned a suurlu nutaamik pituqqutititut atuliq- usb3u4. Wzhi4 w3i6∫6©4: ≈5t, schooner called Reindeer, which he used sunijjuk. Immaqaa sivullirilauqtakkat w5Kx35, x7ml tjtFi6; x7ml to travel to Banks Island to hunt and uvannit angajuksiujut qillaiqtaugusulau- Xic6ht4 m3Î1i4: Ín{ x7ml swi. trap during the winter months. He rniqput nutaamik ukpirniqalirnikkut, w5g6 Mi ∫8N w˚Ms3m5 wkFx- shared his bounty. iliqqusituqanginnit maligaqalualaurni- lw5 w7ui4 xa6g6gCstc5bMs6- nginnut, tirigusuutiqaqsutik, ammalu t9lQ5 “Bx{ri4” s=?l “w{r∆i4”. Mary Carpenter kappiasuktitauqattalualauqsutik. suxcMs6S6 x5t6bzi4 Cw8ts3u4 Lennie Elangasak taanna nulianilauq- Gg4ga÷6g6H, xgc5b6bFiE9lis4 puq allamik Saramik atilingmik Fort xaNhQxÇz5 er6b3Jx3j5 ßmJ6- Once upon a time there was a Husky McPhersonmiutarmik. Pingasunik irniq- ysEx6hi urQx6hil srsaoÇz5. family living on the coast, consisting taaqtuuk: Archie, Edward, ammalu xa/zi4 xuç5txc5bMs6hil. of a father, a mother, and two chil- Timothyviniq; ammalu paniqaqsutik dren – the elder one a girl and the marruungnik: Persis ammalu Winnie. uxo √W8b younger one a boy. The father was a Ittuq Lennie taanna inuulaurmat skillful hunter and he liked his work inuvialuit imminik anguqtuqturauti- so much – or else he was greedy – qattalauqtillugit “Huskynik” uvvalu bw5hmi eg3z‰4gcMs6S6 kN- that he went out hunting every day, “Eskimonik”. Umiaqalauqpuq attiqtan- c6gi4 yˆu, x∫bc6ht4 xˆNc6- even when he had lots of meat ganik Reindeermik (tuktungujaaqtuq), ht4 m3Î1i[l hDyc6ht4 — xzJ4- already. In the winter he went hunt- atuqattaqtavinirilluniuk angunasugia- y6 x3Ns9li kv6y6 xabs9li. ing seal. During the night he would raangat Qikiqtarjuarmut uumajuqsiuri- x∫bq5 xJ8q5gx¬Ms3i6SÎ6 stay up and set his two nets and then aqsuni mikigiaqsunilu ukiunguliraangat. ßmJ6ys3i3u4 x7ml dFxQc5bl- sit and watch the stars, and when he Angujanganik amiqqaattiaqattalauqsunilu. xMs6his4 — s=?l WJmlxgw8- came home he would tell his wife to N3 i3m5 — csbµ6 csbµ6 ßmJ6y- go out to the nets and bring in the Mary Carpenter sExc5bw8NMs6ym1m5, iebc5txC- seals that he had caught. He made lx6t9lA¬8•5. srs4f5 N5t6ysE- four big stages for the meat and seal xc5bMs6S6. s8k4f5 WÛc5bMs6hi and fur which he killed; then when he Taitsumani qiturngariiktuqalauqpuq klx4 m3Î4 ≈e9lQ5, w4y¿3lil had got enough seal his wife would nunaqaqtunik sinaami, ataataqaqsutik s9lExk5 Xsz bsgc5b6hi, x7ml tell him to quit hunting because they anaanaqaqsutik marruungniglu suru- xq3CsgxÇz5 koxzi4 toy9li already had too much, and there siqaqsutik – angajuksiq arnaulluni nukaqsiq angutaulluni. Ataatangit ajunngittualuulaurniqpuruuq uuma- juqsiurnirmik ammalu quviagiqattalu- alauqsuniuk – uvvalu pijumaluatuin- narnirmat – qautamaaq qautamaaq uumajuqsiuriaqattainnalauqsimangmat, niqitaqattiaraluaqtilluguluunniit. Ukiuk- kut nattiqsiuriaqattalauqpuq. Unnukkut pigaaqattalauqsuni nuluak marruuk aaqillugit, iksivaarlunilu ullurianut paunga tautuqattaqsuni, ammalu angirrautua- raangat nulianganik tilisilluni nuluanik takujaqtuqujilluniuk nattiillu angirrau- tilugit. Pirujanik sitamanik angijunik sanalauqpuq tuqqurviksanginnit niqiit natsillu niqingit ammalu amit qisillu tamakkuat; nattiqtaqattialiqtillugit nuliarminik uqaujjauvuq angunasulu-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 73 aqattaruniiqujaulluni niqitaqalualirmata, ammalu kikkunnut nirijaujjaanngim- mata. Kisianik asuilaak angirraqsima- gunnalaunngittuq, uumajuqsiuriakkan- nituinnaqpaksuni taimaattainnaq. Unnuk ilangani suli nattiqsiuriaqtu- lirmat, nattiqtualuulluniguuq amisunik. Nuluanut ajjigiinngittunut upaqattaq- suni, ullurialluguuq tautuqattaqsugit, ammalu ullaarulirmat qaummalirmat kaaliqsuniguuq. Nuluarnik aaqiksina- suaqtillugu niriuginngitanganik piju- qalauqsimavuq: saqqittuqakautigili- lauqpuq puugutarmik niqiqaqtumik igasimattiaqtunik. Uunaqtualuguuq igavingminngaasaattiaqtutitut. Qila- mikuluguuq niriliqpanga, nirituarma- gulu mamattiaqtumik nirinnirmat uqaqpuq, “Ilaak! Niqi una mamaqtu- aluk!” niqi nunguttiaqsuniuk nuluar- klxi4 bf/6gdp9lis4 N5†9l was nobody to eat the grub. But he mut asinginnut takugiaqsuni. Tikim- xq3CstlQ5. WD/i4 ybmi4 xq- would not stay home and went on magu angutiup agganga saqqikautigi- Ji4 nNMs6S6 g6f3F4nq8i5 i´5 hunting as usual. vuq nilliajuqaqsunilu imaak, “Nirisi- N5y9l ieq5 x7ml xu5 ey9l One night he went out hunting mavutit inuup niqinganik!” bm4fx5; N5t6bc5txo6t9lQ5 kox3- seal again, and he killed a lot of seal Asuilaak taqajualuugaluarmat, ui4 scs0/sK6 xaNhlxc5bD•- that night. He kept going back and angirraulirialilauqpuq sinigiaqturniaq- d/s9li iebclxo3mb, x7ml forth from net to net, and in between suni. Nuliangata apirijanga suuq aku- r4f8k5 iE/s0÷8q7mb. ryxi4 xh- he watched the stars, and towards niluaq aullaqsimalaurmangaaq kisianik w˜4 xq3C6ymA8NMs8q5g6, ßmJ6- daylight he began to feel hungry. kiulluniuk, “Sunngittunga”; kisianik ysEx4v8igw8N6X4hi bwµ5bw8N6. He was busily fixing one net when a ullaarumitaqulirmagu nirinngimmarik- s8k4 wMzi ho N5t6ysEx6g- strange thing happened: a dish came tuq. Taima suli nattirnik aiksiliqpuq o3m5, N5t6gx¬9liÅ6 xuhi4. kl- from one of the holes of his net, and qaujisarumalluni suuq nirinngimman- xk5 x0pŒ8q5gk5 sXc5b6hi, s9l- it was fresh-cooked meat. Steam was gaaq, kisianik qaujijungnalaunngimmat Ex 9lÅ6 bsgc5b6hQ5, x7ml s9˜- hissing from it, as though it had just sulaurmangaaq. Asuilaak suli taimaak Do3m5 cs7mo3m5 √o6hiÅ6. klx3i4 come out of the oven. It did not take angirraujjilauqpuq niqinik, taannalu angut ≈e4yNhx6t9lA iEsQ8qbzi4 him long to get to work on it, and aullakkannilirilluni uumajuqsiuriaqtuq- WJcMs6ymK6: n6r5gcvstQoM- as he ate he smacked his lips, saying, suni. Taimaatsainnaq nattiqtualuulauq- s6S6 ÍAb3u4 iec6gu4 wZym5- “Boy! this meat has a good flavour!” puruuq, suliluguuq taimaak ullaarulir- tx6gi4. ßN6gxlÅ6 wZF1u8Ω~5- He finished all the meat and after that mat puugutarmik saqqittuqalaurmijuq. tx6gtg5. eMuflÅ6 iEo6Xz, he looked at the other net. When he Anguti uqaqpuq, “Qujannamiik ! Kaak- iEgx3mAl mm5tx6gu4 iE8i3 m5 arrived he saw a man’s hand thrust kaluarama.” Nungungmagulu uqaqtu- sc6S6, “w˜4¡ ie sN mm6gxl4¡” through the ice and heard a voice qakkannilauqsuni inuup niqinganik ie ka5tx6his4 klx3j xyq8k5 say, “You have eaten a man’s flesh!” nirijualuuniraqtaulluni. Angirraum- bfQx6hi. tr7mA xats2 x[Zz By this time he was tired, so he mallu nulianganit apirijaugilluni suuq n6rvstQK6 i9oxJc6hil wµ4, went home to sleep. His wife asked aullaqsimajutuqaulualaurmangaaq “iEymKt5 w˚2 iezi4¡” him why he had stayed out so long ammalu suuq nirijumanngimmangaaq. xhw˜5 bcJx¬Zlx3m5, xq3Cso- and he replied, “Oh, for nothing”. Pingajuanik taimaak aullakkanniril- ExoMs6S6 yiQx6g3ix6hi. ko- But when she offered him breakfast luni, suli kaaksunilu, kisianik puugu- xzb xWE/z ˙6 xfilx6 xs9- he would not eat. His wife went to tarmik saqqittuqakkannilaunnginnir- M6ymMs3mΩ6 ryxi4 rs9lis4, get the seals, and she examined them mat. Nilliavuruuq, “Suuq saqqikkan- “h8q5gz”; ryxi4 s9˜Dubdo3mA to see why he would not eat, but she ninngilatit?”, kiujuqalaunngitsunilu, iE8q7mE4g6. bwm ho N5t3i4 could find nothing to explain it. When ullaarulirmallu kaaktualuulluni. Angir- xw4yo6S6 cspnDm9li ˙6 iE8- she had brought the load home, he rauvalliatillunilu isumajuq, “Suukiaq

74 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 q7mΩ6, ryxi4 cspJ1NMs8q7m5 went out hunting again. Again he got isumaalukpunga? Paniqaqpunga: niri- hMs3mΩ6. xhw˜4 ho bwµ4 xq3- lots of seal and again the same odd jungnaqtarali.” Asuilaak iglungani Cs0pMs6S6 iei4, ∫8Nl xa5 thing happened: in the morning the takujungnaqsilituarami tuqsulaaliqpuq, xs9M4v8ioE9li ßmJ6ysEx6g6hi. dish appeared as before. The man “Paniga takujumajara.” Anaanangata bwµ5nw8N6 N5t6gx¬Ms6SÎ6, ho- said, “Thank you! I’m hungry.” After tupaaqsuniuk uqautilluniuk, “Ataatait lÅ6 bwµ4 s9˜Do3m5 ÍAb3u4 n6r5- he had eaten he was again accused takujumanniqpaatit!” Paningallu anitu- gcMs3uJ6. xat sc6S6, “d/8N¨¡ of eating a man’s flesh. When he armat ataatangata tigulluniuk tuqullu- √4vlxCm.” ka1mAl sc6gc4v8i- went home his wife asked him why niullu. Nuliangalu qialiqsuni, kisianik Ms6hi w˚2 iezi4 iEJx¬iC6- he had been away so long and why angut uqautilluniuk, “Qiattailigit qia- bs9li. xq3Cs7m9l koxzi5 xW- he would not eat with her. guvit tuqutiniaqtaalugijagittauq!” qia- E/sQ9li ˙6 xs9M6ymJgcslxM- Now the third time he went out jungniiliqsunilu. Angut taanna nuliani s3mΩ6 x7ml ˙6 iEJm8q7mΩ6. he was hungry as usual, but the dish tilisilluniuk igaqujilluniuk paningitta WzJxi4 bwµ4 xs9M4v8iE9li, did not appear. He called and said, niqinganik iganngikkuniulu tuquniar- ho √4hil, ryxi4 ÍAb3u4 n6r5- “Why do you not come out again?” magu, asuilaak nirijualuulauqsunilu, gc4v8iMs8q8i3m5. i9oxKÎ6, “˙6 but there was no response, so that amiakkuqaarjuktilluniuk, sinigiaqtuliq- n6r4v8i8qMt5V”, rsJcMs8q5hil, before morning he was really hungry. sunilu. Tupatuarmat nirijaraluani nun- s9 ˜Do3m9l √4gx¬9li. xq3Cs?9- Then on the way home he thought, guuttilluni nuluarminik takujaqtuiliril- oxt9lil whmJ6, “˙rx6 whµl4- “What am I worrying about? I’ve got lunilu. Unnulimaaq pigaaqsuni uuma- SzV Xic6Sz: iEJ1N6bCo.” a daughter, I can eat her.” So when juqsiuqsuni, ullaarutuarmalu puugutar- xhw˜4 w[lzi bfJ1N6yogxCu he came within sight of the house he mut tuqsulaaliraluarilluni: puugutarmik g6h˜o6S6, “XiZ bfJm/C.” xˆ- called out, “I want to see my daugh- saqqittuqalaunngimmat uqaqpuq, Nzb gÙ6his4 scst9lis4, “x∫- ter.” Her mother woke her up and “Qanuinngikkaluaqpurli! Angirratuin- bw5 bfJm8i6Ùt5¡” Xiz9l xig- said, “Your father wants to see you!” narlunga surusirmik tuquuttituinna- x3m5 x∫bzb tA9lis4 gd9lis9l. and when the daughter went out her rungnaqpunga!” irnirminik tuquuttil- koxzl exo6hi, ryxi4 xa5 father grabbed her and killed her. luni igaquliqsuniulu nuliani, ammalu scst9lis4, “ex5bwoQ5 exAF5 His wife started to cry, but the man nukappiarmik nirisilirmat nuliani niri- gdtix6∫lQ/Q5bs6¡” exJ1•o6- said, “Don’t cry or I’ll kill you too!” qatauquliqtanga, kisianik niriqatauju- hil. xa5 ∫8N koxi toy9lis4 So she quit crying. The man told his mannginniraqsuniguuq. wZdp9lis4 Xiq5b iezi4 wZ8- wife to cook the girl or he would Nirijualuulaurniqpuruuq, kisianik q4fisl gdix3mA, xhw˜5 iEJx- kill her, then he had a good meal, amiakkuqaqsuni, taimalu sinilirmat ¬Ms6hil, xux4fç3J4t9lis4, yiQ- leaving some uneaten, and went to tupaksunilu nirijaraluanganik nungu- x6go6hil. gXgx3m5 iE/Clxi bed. When he got up he finished uttilluni uqaqsunilu, “Taanna suvaliki- kå5t9li klx3ui4 bf/6gwoE9- the meal and went to his nets again. aq mikiluaqpuq!” Uumajuqsiuriaqtuk- lil. s8koµ6 WÛ6hi ßmJ6ys6hi, He hunted all night and towards kannilirniqsuni ammalu kaaliqtillugu puugutarmik saqqittuqalaunngikkalu- aqsuni. Isumalauqpuq, “Kaaguman- nginnamali, nuliara nirinialiqtara!” Kisianik angirrautuarmat nulianga uqautivaa, “Tukiirutittiaqsimavutit tamattinni niriniaqtualuujutit!” Qima- aniksaminik parnaliqpuruuq, unnutu- armat, aullaqsimalituarmat iglumit anivuq uangnarmut turaangalluni ullaksuni avaluamaqqaaqsugu iglu marruiqtaqsuni, inungnik qiniqsuni. Utimut avaluamakkanniqpaa marruiq- taqsuni, aulasilluni. Iglumullu utirniq- suni uqaqpuq, “Qanukiaq piniaqpun- ga!” Qanaangnik marruungnik tigusi- lauqpuq tuqsungmit ammalu nunaup ataanut puarrijaqsuni iniksaliuliqtuq, tuqqurvigilluniuk imarmik niqiniglu ijiqsimaviginiarmagu uini angirrauliq-

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 75 s9 ˜Dgx3ml ÍAb3j5 g6h˜oClxE9- morning called for the dish again. pat. Taima angirrauniaqquuliraluarmat li: ÍAb3u4 n6r5gcMs8q7m5 When no dish appeared he said: qullirmik ikittivuq angirraqsimannguar- sc6S6, “ckw8q4vlx6S3o¡ xq3- “That’s all right! I’ll go home and kill niarami, ijiqsimaliqsunilu iniksaliuq- Cgw8N3lz hDy3u4 g∂5tgw8ND1N6- another child!” He killed the boy and taraluamini. Sz¡” w3i3ui4 g∂5t9li wZdo6h- told his wife to cook him too, and Uinga angirrauvuq, kaaksunilu isl koxi, x7ml kv2Wx3u4 when he started to eat the boy he told taimaattainnaq. Nuliarminut tuqsu- iEyo3m5 koxi iEcbsdo6bz, his wife to try some, but she refused. laaliqpuq, “Aninngikkuvit tuquniaq- ryxi4 iEcbsJm8q8iC6hiÅ6. He had a hearty meal, leaving a iEJx¬Ms3i6SÎ6, ryxi4 xux4- piece uneaten, and when he woke fc6hi, bwml yio3m5 gX4hil up from his sleep he finished it all iE/Clxzi4 kå5t9li sc6hil, and said, “There’s not much to that!” “∫8N h?orx6 urlx6S6¡ ßmJ6y- He went out hunting again and when sEx6g4v8io3i6hi x7ml √o6t9lA he was hungry, there still being no ÍAb3u4 n6r5gcMs8q4vlx6hi. sign of the dish, he thought, “There’s whmMs6S6, “√Am8q8Nmo, koxC no use for me to be hungry. I’ll eat iEixo6bC¡” ryxi4 xq3Csgx3m5 my wife!” But when he got home koxz scst¿, “g®Dt5tx6ymKt5 his wife said, “You’re crazy! You’re bm5t8i iEix6gx¬Jt5¡” eµi4- going to eat us all!” She decided to nui4 X3No6SÎ6, s8kgx3m5, xs9- run away, so that night, after he had M6ymogx3m5 w[lu5 xiK6 sx1N3j5 gone hunting, she left the house and gÇz9li s9M4hi x?lxmç6hA w[l went towards the west, after circling m3 Dw6b6hi, wk1i4 ei6hi. stj5 the house twice in hope of finding x?lxm4v8i6Ù m3Dw6b6hi, xsM- people. After she had gone so far y9li. w[lj9l st3i6hi sc6S6, she took the same steps back to the “ckrx6 Wix6Sz¡” cˆ1i4 m3- house, went round it twice, and set Î1i4 tAyMs6S6 g6h1u5 x7ml off again. When she came back she kNs2 x∫k5 Sx3E/6hi wi4nos- said, “I’ve got to do something!” She o6g6, g6f3FQ9lis4 wm3u4 iei[l took two poles from the porch and wp6ymFQix3mA swi xq3Cso6X5. dug a hole in the ground, and this tagit!” Nulianga aninngimmat, iglu- bwm xq3Csix∂oClx3m5 d9o3u4 she stocked with food and water so mut itiqpuq, kisianik sunauvva nulianga wr5tK6 xq3C6ym8ax3ixCu, that she could hide there when her iluaniilaunngimmat. Imminut uqaqpuq, wp6ymo6hil wi4nos6bClxui. husband came home. When it was “Ijiqsimanasuaqtualuuvit? Naniniaq- swz xq3CsK6, √4hil bwµ5- time for him to come home, she fixed tagit tuquniaqtagillu. Kaaktualuugama.” bw8N6. kox3uk5 g6h˜o6S6, “xi8- the lamp as if she were at home, and Igluup iluani naninngimmagu anilluni q4fF5 gdix6bQ5¡” koxz xi8- then she went into the hole. qiniliqsuniuglu niqit tuqqurvinginnit. q7m5, w[lj5 wt6S6, ryxi4 hN- The husband came home, and, as Nulianga pitaqanngittiarmat. Uqaqpuq, s=? koxz wlx•Ms8q7m5. w7uk5 usual, he was hungry. He called his “Immaqaa qimaalauqpuq. Tuminganik sc6S6, “wp6ymNhx6gx¬F5V Ni- wife and said, “If you don’t come out, qinilirlanga.” Tumingani asuilaak ix6bQ5 gdix6bQ9l. √4gx¬Zm.” I’ll kill you!” When his wife did not nanisilluni imminut uqaqpuq, “Pasi- w[¬2 wlxi Ni8q7mA xi9li ei- come out, he went into the house, nialiqtagit qimaajarasuaraluaravit. Kaak- o6his[l ie5 g6f3Fq8i5. koxz but there was no sign of her. He said tualuulirama.” Tuminganik maliksuni Wbc8q5tx3m5. sc6S6, “w7mç to himself, “Trying to hide, are you? utililauqpuq iglumut, uqakkannirilluni, eµMs6S6. guzi4 eio3Mz.” I’ll find you and kill you. I’m get- “Piniaqtaalugivagit!” guzi xhw˜4 Niy9li w7uk5 ting hungry.” He didn’t find her in Asuilaak qiniinnaqsuniuk kaaktur- sc6S6, “Xyixo6bQ5 eµ/ChxCl- the house so he looked around the juaraaluulirmat nattiqturasuliqsunilu- xCF5. √4gx¬oCm.” guzi4 mo4hi four stages that he had filled up with guuq kisianik narrugilluniuk. Inuktu- stoMs6S6 w[lj5, sc4v8iE9li, meat. There was no sign of his wife. rumatuinnaliqpuruuq. Panaminik ipik- “Wix6∫lQ?Q5¡” He said, “Maybe she ran away. I’ll sailiqsuniguuq uqaqsunilu, “Taanna xhw˜4 e•8N6his4 √4g3JxǬo3m5 look for her tracks.” At last he found panaga ulirnikkutigut kaimillugu N5t6gCho6hilÅ6 ryxi4 N3DQ9li- her tracks and he said to himself, “I’ll naimajungnarmangaaq nuliama aun- s4. wk4gDmgw8No6SÎ6. XNui4 get even with you for running away. ganik!” Igluup silataagut taimailiuqsuni wW4nwo6hiÅ6 sc6hil, “∫8N XNZ I’m getting hungry.” He tracked her naukkutuinnaq kisianik naninngitain- so3i4ftA5 vwu9lA NwmJ1N3mΩ6 back to the house and said, “I’ll catch naqsuniuk. Taimalu niqiliurvigiqatta-

76 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 koxm xszi4¡” w[¬2 yM∫A5 bwm- you yet I tell you. I’m getting hungry.” lauqtanganut tikilaurmat panangatagu- wos6hi Ns4fgw8N6 ryxi4 Ni8- He followed the other trail and uq uqautivaa nuliangata tigusilaurnir- qbw8N6his4. bwml ieos3FQc5- then went back to the house and he mat qanaangnik marruungnik, kisianik bMs6bzk5 trMs3m5 XNzbÅ6 repeated, “I’ll get you yet!” qanaak taakkuak uajarungnalaunngim- scst¿ koxzb tAyMs3i3m5 cˆ1- By and by he became so hungry magit. Isumalauqpuq, “Surusiiqqait i4 m3Î1i4, ryxi4 cˆ4 ∫4fx4 sx- that he tried to eat seal meat but he aunginnik panaga naimanniqpuq /D1NMs8q7mQ5. whmMs6S6, “hD- could not stomach it. All he wanted tamaani igajaulaurmata.” ¥6vw5 xsq8i4 XNZ Nwm8i6S6 was human meat. So, he started to Inuup niqingani pijumajualuulir- bµi wZ/sMs3mb.” sharpen his knife and he said, “I’ll ninganut imminik niqiminik kisianik w˚2 iezi WJmJx¬o3izk5 take my knife and push it between nirilirluni pijungnaqsimavuq. Nukimi- w7ui4 ieui4 ryxi4 iEo3li the cracks and see if it can smell the nut kapisiqattaqsuni naukkut piiqsi- WJ1N6ymK6. kruk5 vWyc5b6hi blood of my wife.” He went all around niarmangaaq, kisianik aannirnaluaqat- Ns4f5 „6yix3mΩ6, ryxi4 ≈8i3- the outside of the house without any tarnirmat. Kisianiguuq niukkut aannir- Nlxc5b3i3m5. ryxiÅ6 is4f5 result. Then he came to the porch naluannginniqsaulaurmangaaq, niuni ≈8i3Nlx8q8i6nsMs3mΩ6, isi where she used to do the cooking. piiqsivvigililauqtanga niqimik igajak- „6y=FQoMs6bz ieu4 wZ/4nu4, His knife told him that his wife had samik, auglu aluksuniuk; mamarillu- xs[l xl4his4; mmE9lis4. wZo6- moved two of the logs, but the logs niuk. Igaliqtangaguuq mamarittiaq- bzÅ6 mmE5tx6his4. ryxi4 wM- were solid again and he could not suniuk. Kisianik ilainnanganik niri- w8Nz i4 iEMs6S6, sw3zo3iCu, move them. He thought, “It must be lauqpuq, uirngalirnirami, uqaqsunilu, sc6hil, “xux4f ∫8N iEix6bC the blood of the children she cooked “Amiakku taanna niriniaqtara tupatu- gXgxDm.” yio6hil. ryxi4 yi4- here that the knife can smell.” aruma.” Siniliqsunilu. Kisianik siniktil- t9li wtZzbÅ6 w[lx wfx9M4g- He was so hungry for human flesh luni itigangataguuq iglua ikuallaktu- jx3i6hi, wZ/so6hilÅ6. koxz- that he decided there was only one muarniqsuni, igajauliqsuniluguuq. bÅ6 wp6ym=FQ/ui5 bsg4vlx3mA; thing to be done. He must eat a Nuliangataguuq ijiqsimavvigijaminit wtZzÅ6 wZo6g6 Nwm8No3m¬8•5 piece of himself. He kept poking his tautukkaluarmagu; itigangaguuq

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 77 ryxi4 gX8qbw8N6hi, xhw˜4 whm- flesh to see where to cut it, but it igaliqtuq naimannalirmaluunniit o6S6 wt3li ryxi4 gÙEx6gEx- hurt him too much. At last he found kisianik tupanngitainnaqsuni, asuilaak c6bz. wt6hiÅ6 g6h˜3FQ¿, he could bear it when he cut the isumaliqpuq itirluni kisianik tupaariaq- “i´5 wZ/symK6, g®Dtp¡ gXQxc- muscles on his leg. He hacked off a turiaqaqtanga. Itiqsuniguuq tuqsu- o6St5 w7ui4 iEo3lt9l¡” x3N6 piece and licked up the blood; that laarvigivaa, “Niqiit igajausimavuq, wp6ym=FQ/Clxui5 xi5tx6hi ryxi4 tasted good. Then he roasted a piece tukiirutiji! Tupagiaqaliqputit imminik sx/8q5tx6hi ∫8N xa5. of the flesh on the fire, and he enjoyed nirilirlutillu!” Arnaq ijiqsimavvigijaralu- koxz xs9MyK6 si4√Ex6gC- it very much. He only ate part of it aminit anittiaqsuni kisianik uajanngitti- ho6hi w˚ctQ/q8k5 ryxi4 szy- because he was feeling sleepy, and aqsuni taanna angut. ZM4gu4 kNcClx3mb, x7ml s4WE- he said, “I’ll save a piece to eat when Nulianga aullasivuq unikkaariaq- Ms8qbq5 ∫8N x3N6. scMs6S5 I wake up.” He fell asleep. But while turasuliqsuni inuuqatigijanginnut w7uiÅ6 swi g∂5tiC6hA. scst- he slept, one foot fell into the fire kisianik ungasigalaktumik nunaqaralu- /q5 bf/6gd9lQ5 wtZz ßymJxl. and began to singe. His wife was armata, ammalu ukpirilaunngitangit bf/6g3i6S5 xa5 gdz5tx6hi watching him through the cracks; taanna arnaq. Uqalauqput imminiguuq s/C4tg5. she smelt the burning foot but he uini tuquuttiniraqsugu. Uqautijangit bm8N si4√6 grc6S6 wµ4: w˚- never moved, so she thought she takujaqtuqullugit itiganga uusimajualu. Nhxc5bExc6St5 xg3lt5 xgZ4n- had better go inside and wake him Takujaqturniqput angut tuqungattiaq- E/3i4, hNi4 WJmlxc5b6bwol- up. She went in and called out, “Your suni ujaraktitut. t9l¡” meat is roasted, you crazy man! Time Tamanna unikkaaq tukiqaqpuq imaak: to get up and eat yourself!” She came Inuunasuaqattariaqaqputit aturlutit out from her hiding place but he atugaksarijarnik, sunanik pijumalu- still never moved. aqattaqtaililutillu!” Then the wife set off to find the neighbours and tell them what had happened. They lived twenty miles away, and of course they did not believe her. They said she had killed her husband. “Well, you go and see him with his foot all burnt,” she said. And the people went – and found him dead as a stone. And the moral of the story is this: always try to get by with what you’ve got, and don’t be greedy!

78 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 x0p8ax5

ILLUSTRATIONS

AJJINNGUAT m4WÇ6 52 page 52 makpiraaq 52 xg6bsi4nzi4 xq6bq5 “e- Permission granted, “West Baffin Atuqtauniksanganik angiqtangit r6∫l7u sx1Nzius5 fxX4foE- Eskimo Co-operative Ltd/Ohotok “Qikiqtaalummi uangnanganimiut pq5\sd6g6 urZ6, “wk4 tEZ8- Mikigak, “Eskimo Fox Trapper” kuapakkulirijingit/Ohotok Mikigaq, ix6ys6tsJ6” s/C3j5 nN8a- Stonecut, 1961 “Inuk tiriganniaqsiuqtiujuq” ujararmut x6bs9li xux6bsif, !(^! sanannguaqtaulluni amiaqtauniku, 1961 pages 9, 11, 51, 71, 72 m4WÇ6 9, 11, 51, 71, 72 Armand Tagoona/ makpiraaq 9, 11, 51, 71, 72 x3m5 bA3ˆ6\ Inuktitut Magazine Armand Tagoona/ wk4tg5 scoµZ4nox6 Inuktitut uqalimaagaksaliaq page 58 m4WÇ6 58 François Quassa/ makpiraaq 58 KC8hx dxn\ Inuktitut Magazine François Quassa/ wk4tg5 scoµZ4nox6 Inuktitut uqalimaagaksaliaq page 7 m4WÇ6 7 Eric Anoee/ makpiraaq 7 wsE4 xkw\ Inuktitut Magazine Eric Anoee/ wk4tg5 scoµZ4nox6 Inuktitut uqalimaagaksaliaq pages 8, 55, 56, 73, 74, m4WÇ6 8, 55, 56, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 makpiraaq 8, 55, 56, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 Illustrations by Heather Campbell 75, 76, 77 ttCs/6bq5 B≈©3 √7Í9 Titiraujaqtangit Heather Campbell

Heather Campbell B≈©3 √7Í9 Heather Campbell lives in Ottawa Heather Campbell ∫8N B≈©3 √7Í9 xg¿u kNc6g6 but is originally from Rigolet, Taanna Heather Campbell Ottawami ryxi4 MSCgxEusbs9li rrx3- Labrador. She has a Bachelor nunaqaqtuq kisianik Labradorimiu- usbs9li. wo8ixMs6ymK6 is?- of Fine Arts from Memorial taulluni Kikiarmiutaulluni. Ilinnia- s˜8u yM5g6n3Fxl1u5 bwvi NlN- University of Newfoundland. lauqsimavuq Newfoundlandmi silat- w4fb6∫6ym9li xux6boEi3u4. Heather is primarily a painter tuqsarvialungmit taikani nalunaikku- xuxc5b3i6ns˙6 ryxi4 ttCs/- but she also draws and carves. taqtaaqsimalluni amiaqtalirinirmik. c5b3uJ6 x7ml nN8axD1N6hil. Amiaqattarniqsausuuq kisianik titirau- jaqattarmijuq ammalu sanannguarung- naqsunilu.

86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 79 lw svo6 Looee Okalik Looee Okalik wk4tg5 scoµZ4nos6t5 d/oAh5- Inuktitut thanks former editor Looee Inuktitut uqalimaagaksaliuqtit qujali- tx6S5 lw sco3j5 x3ÇAi4 xuhi4 Okalik for her years of dedicated gusuttiaqput Looee Okalirmut arraa- x4hDc5bMs3izk5 scoµZ4noE9li. service to the magazine. We wish gunik amisunik aksuruqattalau- x4hNw6XK5 W?9ox5txd?K9l her well in her new job at ITC. rninganut uqalimaagaksalirilluni. w6vNw/zi k∫u bW‰4n4f8i. Aksunaiqpavut pivalliattiaquvavullu iqqanaijangani nutaami Tapiriiksakkunni.

80 wk4tg5 86 • 2000 cspQx3F4n5

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86 • 2000 INUKTITUT 81