HARRY GOLD Told Hisrother Thathe Wasthe Manto Whcm KLAUSFUCHS Gave the InfonAtionon Theatomic Bomb.Relative - 5 to Goldstrip to Santafe,N.M

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

HARRY GOLD Told Hisrother Thathe Wasthe Manto Whcm KLAUSFUCHS Gave the Infon�Ationon Theatomic Bomb.Relative� - 5 to Goldstrip to Santafe,N.M FOIA. ROSENBERG ET LE DE 5&#39;6&#39;1?/PT/O/V L T NO 65 I OLUM E N0 wr-&#39;r.---= -.1; 1:."---: A" .- »~=,:i?¢ _-5:.-..&#39; J}--if-8"?1:}. H _ I" !~,,. 4:" "}.:~;.-,-¢*&#39;- ,-=3-T, , . SERIAL -f-4.-*»?&#39;?" &#39;-&#39;-&#39;w-":*.:5..._ 1 .- : &=~~.:* E _._ £6, ~ +501" P"&#39; ./ .Sf 5, ~ - -- . :;.1",{. ..¢_ Y." "&#39;§"&#39;r.. _&#39;--* &#39;41..5&#39;.&#39;§ ._§-1---. ;.~- -~ -1&#39;-&#39;I &#39; . _ -&#39; &#39;r N Q LTIQE THE BEST COPIES OBTAINABLE ARE INCLUDED IN THE REPRODUCTION OF THE FILE. PAGES INCLUDED THAT ARE BLURRED, LIGHT OR OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO READ ARE THE RESULT OF THE CONDITION AND OR COLOR OF THE ORIGINALS A PROVIDED. THESE ARE THE BEST COPIES AVAILABLE. * if i i _* 7 W n FD-503 hmlllry12-1s-11: Imt h . oi File No: Q Re: __ I Date: : I." 7,; i. 7 _L,7,¢=- *7 __ WW jgexv/M We/_<. /eesig; _ - f iinpnth/year! W s i Deecriptiop i 92 Exem|:I_.iona used er. to whogn referred . i Serial *_ Date § i Typeof com:q§gn1cat1on, to, from! W Actual lBelemed92 W ldentxfystetute 1f b!!c1f.ed!_ _ W 7 F I . I I I; /575 ;;31-5» /6//4105&#39; el/?>92 &#39;* W 1//7 19 67¢ é"70W A/Avj &#39;1 . s 7 92//&#39;.-2:? &#39;56 [/rc49- nwnaum/ya Q V Z /W r . i 3 s _ _ _ K 3 ,. A n. t | 5 r&#39;- v 92IuI" L i *_ " 3 0 0 Liv-" D /v~°- /I7 "$&#39; TL Y 1 ...,=,.,, I X W, ,_, __ 92 e _ _ &#39;&#39; &#39; -...&#39; . &#39; P I &#39;." - . &#39;:&#39;*" K _ ,= * "_&#39;&#39; &#39;_ - H &#39; - *, " _. 92 &#39;&#39;...- ""&#39;:. &#39; --f_ .&#39;". .. 0 , &#39;__-_ _ ; __ ..,.-_ . _ &#39; - ..= .. - 0- -. ...,._.. _.._.... .._,,. ; _ _-3, _ _ . _ - _ U _ 1.. &#39; ..; 1 _..*" "" --" &#39;.;_ " _, "- - _ &#39;--... -.- - --------¢---= - - --u--no--..i._-. 1 ___,._-.. .-_ I.-._. -.-__... U. ... -.-... .-..-.. &#39;_-J-.- .-...._--92-.-----. - p.---....-.._-..-.. &#39; ..... -,__. _ .._ _._&#39; __ , . _ r" . .- &#39; ;;_ __ mma,,§ ¢Q1¢$E * - W "*__, __ _&#39;_- &#39; nswmzx mironx Fe . 65-we ~ m -&#39;- H" 7;-C71; I. I: : "|:| &#39;5 00 2&#39;11 .100] J-gu: 1| . ./ p ._ . -. has _ mm , ,.. ...__._..._,.-.... ._ t- &#39; &#39;f: &#39; ,,&#39; - "--= ere - I-D;Ia.soHem&#39;yGoHenri, &#39;=- . " S, 0lOdn1t8_-.- &#39; ESPIOHAEQ I Fra ":4" P:a_L-kgas o lg_r_,_Q.n.u. °&#39;= nd . 5 1 "" . &#39; &#39; . _ 1* - p_. numssaowuomsnnlsm" I _ mm com bornin sum-u-mm, 12/12/10. Naturalized - *&#39;Y%&#39; by isedderivation 6/6/22, Certificatethrough no. 1591.271»SAM father, Residcdwho GOLD,6623 - was-naturalp - N Kindred Street, Philadelphia, Pa, and employed at Phila- "-Z: delphia General Hospital since 9/ 20/LB as chemist. Pres- -; ently sorying incapacity ofChief ResearchChmiste &#39; &#39;t? 7 I Q Brother,:,-&#39;JOSEPiI,an mloyee of l_~IavalAir Supply Depot, .., , , ~92Q Philadelphia, and father,SAM, ca&#39;bd.netmaker, a - * reside &#39; 6823 Kiixired Street with subject. GOLD attended Public School Systan in Philadelphia, being graduated in 1930. -9 Attended two years at University of Pennsylvania and c 3&#39; _.§ plated work toward dipléama.at Drcxel Institute" of Technology, ° - _ t -- being graduated in 1936. In 19141; tookevening courses at J jg &#39; _ . * _ St. Joseph&#39;s College.Was employed1928 to 1938by Pennsyl»-__ S A i ~ " venia Sugar Canpany asAssistant Chanist and Laboratory _ - Assistsfrtq From193B to Il.9hO subject attended Xavier Urverh * 1" Mn ty "Ginci.Imat:I., Ohio,secmdng degree. a mmwho to . _&#39;_ BarbFm 1/L6 employedby Pennsylvania Sugar Canpsw and afiliates &#39; . .... w};|ge1;.&#39;;chmiste ALI.persons interviewedat that placeof @p $" - - ..&#39; MP1" . ,4 DESTROYED _ .;..|.- , . 1D»-/&#39; J "T/__4 Forwarded:"on I&#39;:|l 4 &#39;10"_.___ 1,_ I, 19&#39;is ChargeJ -Z _ I _ - °"=om 1; _ . _ h . &#39; T3 p I 11*" Q been._, es-saws!1- 2 mpou. - -- _ &#39;1"i _f ,-dew. - .2»;¬u,.£_. 1 - §%°"e"i-&#39;°" " ,|._!YIRECOREI 2 Ba1timors I.n£0¢!5 New m-1; 5-15321;! &#39; Jun - 1950&#39;_- zmrm2 Boston 2Spring.eld2 Sanirancisco Info-! &#39;- 3 -. &#39; &#39; " e.- "ID J] S 2 Gincimati.hicase . h 2 PhiladelphiaWash.|.I8ton Field . S - . , - "- 2 DMD! . I 92 -&#39; &#39; &#39; . - _ - -.-. _ II V "I" -&#39;92 i 1 &#39;/ =$-5,,»-:1-5 P 4:-¢=».>¢¢1-l-1%;/i-==¢~¢-»I&#39;?~-r!. ¢ 5-__ ,3 IJ &#39; __./-&#39;,, cc>1=»&#39;»1*fT 5 [/&#39;,&#39;¢..___j6,»-H/_,i??...., uu/éséil - Waw-F"&#39;~*~ we *3_ S /_ 92 La;/,.»; I &#39; """"""" &#39; "&#39; - - II&#39; -- -. -.-.-~ - --,o-».._,....-.... _..- _, - - 1 - - I ----- _ -- .--- - - -; -- ,-.-,.-....--.,..-:---_ - ,,.... _-.-_,., _ ,,.._--._ _ . _.,_ _ ,.___ Z u <1 f " .;.. 1 = 1 4 . l : ;.J Philadelphia_ I H 65-14301 4 _ _ W fileI ~ .. _ . ment unableto furnish aqpinfomation whichwoul corroboratehis espionage activity,with exceptionof payroll records reflectirg -i. .4 that week ending 9/10/mtsubject onwas vacation, and 9/17/L5subject wason vacation. EmployeesPhiladelphia of GeneralHospital, Phila- delphia, Pa.,can xrnishno information pertinent this to inquizy. Philadelphia confidentialinformants reportno knownCcmzunist Party activity onpart ofxtuaaax com.On 5/15&#39;,19,21/50&#39;1nte1-etewe of man! GOLD conductedwere Philadelphia in Officeof FBI. Subject requested that interviewscheduled 5/20/50 for postponed be as he was physically ortired. associated Duringwithinitial EIJILinterview,JULIUS GO deniedE£t..tU;>%&#39;CI-IS.Onever 5/22/SO havirgGOLD,known, metafter having givenwritten consent&#39;fora searchof his premises 6323 at Kindred Street,Philadelphia, admittedbeirg the person whomto KLAUS FUCHS passed information. Aftercompletion search of andarrival at the PhiladelphiaOffice _FBI,of GOLDfurnished a ten-page signed state- ment whereinhe admitted his guilt. This statement has been set out verbatim. also Heexecuted a signedstatement expressingwillingness muto rennin detailswithof Aitentss activities. of FBIfor a J¬X3lIP§%G!LD, period of&#39;time whichof subject,furnish into ep- brother peared office.at HARRY GOLD told hisrother thathe wasthe manto whcm KLAUSFUCHS gave the infonationon theatomic bomb.Relative - 5 to GOLD&#39;strip to Santa&#39;Fe,&#39;N.M. Septsnber 191.5, guestin cardsof w-"-&#39;=. J;-._._.- . Palmer House,Chicago, Ills,and theHilton Hotel,Albuquerque, N.ll., 5-. L 4 reflected residenceon 9/16,17/h5 and 9/19/I45,respectively. FBI : Laboratory conductedhandwriting comparisonsand concluded subject. HARRY GOLD signedguest residence cards bothat places.On 5/23/50 a complaintwas swornto before USC,&#39;EDNY, subject charging with violation ofSub4.>ecticn Title A, 32, Title SO,U.S. Code. It hearu 1:»; washeld 5/23/50before FederalJudge J.u11~:s P. McGR.ANERY,EDPa. Sub1ect&#39;attime thisadmitted identity, andin defaultof bail set at ..lO0,000,was remandedto custocw of USE. GOLD duringthe period following hisconfession £5.11-nishedhas informationre hiscontacts with Dr.FUCHS. has Healso lrnished information concernizghis beingespionagesu orssnnzjygmv and has tents.-92NAI&#39;OLI nw. identified two ofthan as , -- " -P-L DETAIIS: - 411- smntmmbP§NNSYLV."d§A_ and thewriter. This isa joint report ofSpecial AgentYEILLIAH B WELTE. &#39;,- JR . §2_ &#39; I- S :5? __ _ _ 7 are - ___"_ _. e..__-92---=--n-.-92-92--P rm-_&#39;---" ~I"-" " ""&#39; _____r_______f___ ~ L »~***1ta&#39; I I 2&#39;, i 3. PH 65-M307 ""&#39; -0- 5 : &#39;&#39; mamorcommns &#39; &#39;;__92 I mszs FOR Jlwnsrlcurron 5 , 11 mcxmwuun &#39; OOOIIIOIIIIIOIIIIIO.III.I&#39;OII.OO.I &#39; ~ 4. nmnmm CITIZENSHIP &#39;5 " B0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 1. r Father - S-All GUI-D, &#39;8-R3 SAHSQN GULDNITZKI, &#39; B . 2- BIOthBl. JOSEPH GOLD; aka YDUSEF 0000000000-0&#39;00 GQLD 0.0.00 109 c. nssmsucss &#39; " O00IOQIIIQIIOIIOIOIQIIIIUQIIDOICI B 1 D. OCI.UI.OI.IQIIIOIII.OQIIOIIOQOIIOIOIIIIOIIII 10 University Of 000000000000000000 4 2. Drexel Institute of Technology .............. 3. St. Joseph&#39;s Colle e 8 000000000000000000000000 E. MEMBERSHIP IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES 16 4 .4 .-0. &#39;.,_ .._ - - F0 000I000l000IIOlIOIIOOIIOll000IIO000OO00000 16 1. P ennsy 1vanla &#39; Sugar - &#39;Company and Affillated C0mP¬I-ni8S 00000000000000000000000000000000 . &#39;30 20 ASSQcj-ates 00000000000000000 00000000000000011:0 0. szmcrm ssnvrcs asconns h7-0 HI .Q..I......I.Q.I.I.I........IIlIIU.I...II..IlQIQQIIIIQQ II Q.I..IQIII...&#39;IQIIQIQUIOIIICIIQQII JO IQIIQIQIIOIIIISQO-IIOIOQIOOIIIUIIIQQOIIIIII III nrrznvmws wrrn mam: com PRECEDING mmsr 55 Iv mumas wmr EMIL mms mas FUC 560 A. HARRY GOLD&#39;S VERSION ..........-H" I5 IIIOIIIIUIIIIOIIOUQIQ &#39; .....&#39;...I....... &#39; - 2Q 10 Search and Admission Deni-318 0000000 00000o:0:00o0000000:00000 00000000000000 _ -- - 3 - - ~ .0 » S "ET of _ i7 7 gr _ W i i 7;v___:V _ 7 _ W _ _ H __ ___ _-_-=._.__-&#39;_.. __ __ _ _____ _____ ,,_ ..v.f..-.. ,--..-- - .- .._ -.-_. -.-- . - . &#39;_ .- . &#39;.-; 14 .-,. - I -. &#39;~ ~ &#39; _ - - _ ; ..,.,..-1..-... , ..-. - __, . ... -.., t__.,-..-_-. __ ..-. IIU5d--I0PI--PTIQ.-fl &#39; .. _ _ . 1 .--"_»- .&#39;- &#39; I PH 65-1007 &#39; &#39; !. H . _&#39;1:_gbIlia_;o£&#39;E_<g1tenti_ Pagg _Continug!_ 92 Bu 000000on|Q0llOOIAOOOlc0f0o00n| U O. PROSINUTIVB ACTION .. QIIQQIUQIIIIIOQOQIOIIOQIOQQQOQII V0 QQQQQQQUOOOOOIOQOQQIQQI000000000 71 - A. PENNSYLVANIA-SUGAR comm ma 71 1. GO]-d.&#39;S Version 0&#39;00-0-0000o00;;::::::::::: 2. C°r&#39;I&#39;°bOIG.t1V&#39;B Evidence QIIOOIIIIIQIIIIO 11 11_ B- UNKNOWN AMERICAN #1 - Syracuée, N.Y., $11I1&#39;Im8I&#39; 19112 to P°5Si-bl? Winter OOIIIOOOQIIOOOIIOOOIIOOIOOIIQ71 C.
Recommended publications
  • 46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (Testimony to Be
    46 ROSENBERG GRAND JURY WITNESSES (testimony to be released September 11, 2008) Government is not releasing testimony of William Danziger, Max Elichter, and David Greenglass The descriptions provided below are based on available evidence. Additional details will be added after the transcripts are reviewed. 1. Ruth Alscher Ruth Alscher was Max Elitcher’s sister‐in‐law. She was married to his brother, Morris Alscher. In interviews with the FBI, Max and Helene Elitcher said that Ruth Alscher attended a party in 1944 in New York with them that was attended by three individuals who the Bureau suspected were Soviet agents: Julius Rosenberg, Joel Barr and William Perl. She also attended parties at a Greenwich Village apartment that Barr and another Soviet agent, Alfred Sarant, shared. Ruth Alscher was a friend of Bernice Levin; Levin was identified as a Soviet agent by Elizabeth Bentley. Assistant U.S. Attorney John W. Foley confidentially told the FBI in 1951 that Ruth Alscher had asserted privileges under the Fifth Amendment when called to testify to the Rosenberg grand jury. At the time of the Rosenberg/Sobell trial, Morris Alscher had died, leaving Ruth Alscher with three small children. 2. Herman Bauch [no reference] 3. Soloman H. Bauch Lawyer for Pitt Machine Products; where Julius Rosenberg worked. On June 6, 1950, Julius authorized Bauch to empower Bernie Greenglass to sign company checks, telling him that the Rosenbergs were contemplating a trip. 4. Harry Belock One of Morton Sobell’s superior at Reeves Electronics in June 1950 when Sobell fled to Mexico. 5. Dr. George Bernhardt Bernhardt testified at the Rosenbergs trial regarding plans of the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell to secure travel documents and flee the country, possibly to Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewed Petition for an Order Directing Release of Remaining
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ) IN RE PETITION OF NATIONAL SECURITY ) ARCHIVE, AMERICAN HISTORICAL ) ASSOCIATION, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LEGAL ) 08 Civ. 6599 (AKH) HISTORY, ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN ) HISTORIANS, SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ) ARCHIVISTS, AND SAM ROBERTS ) FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF ) GRAND JURY MINUTES ) ------------------------------------------------------------------------) RENEWED PETITION FOR AN ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF REMAINING GRAND JURY MINUTES AND TESTIMONY BEFORE THE SPECIAL GRAND JURY CONVENED IN 1950-1951 PERTAINING TO THE INDICTMENT OF AND CONVICTION OF ETHEL AND JULIUS ROSENBERG Petitioners, a coalition of historical organizations and a journalist, hereby renew their Petition to seek release of the remaining grand jury records relating to the Cold War prosecutions of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg. In response to Petitioners’ 2008 initial request, this Court issued two related Orders directing the release of most, but not all, of the minutes and testimony sought by petitioners. The Court’s first Order directed the release of the testimony of 36 Rosenberg grand jury witnesses who were deceased or had consented to the release of their testimony. But the order denied the Petition with respect to the testimony of David Greenglass, Ethel Rosenberg’s brother and the prosecution’s key witness against Ethel, because he had “expressed his objection to the release of his testimony.” See Order Regulating Proceedings, In re National Security Archive, (S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2008 (entered under Misc. No. 11-188 (Part I)) (hereinafter “First Order”). The Court’s second Order granted the Petition with respect to the Rosenberg grand jury witnesses who could not be located and the testimony of witnesses who appeared in the grand jury proceedings that led to the indictments of Abraham Brothman and Miriam 1 Moskowitz.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reevaluation of the Damage Done to the United States by Soviet Espionage April Pickens James Madison University
    James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal Volume 4 | Issue 1 2016-2017 A Reevaluation of the Damage Done to the United States by Soviet Espionage April Pickens James Madison University Follow this and other works at: http://commons.lib.jmu.edu/jmurj Recommended Chicago Citation Pickens, April. “A Reevaluation of the Damage Done to the United States by Soviet Espionage". James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2017): 56-64, accessed Month day, year. http:// commons.lib.jmu.edu/jmurj/vol4/iss1/5. This full issue is brought to you for free and open access by JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JMURJ Popular opinion and many historians portray the effects of Soviet espionage on the ABSTRACT United States as disastrous. Although covert Soviet efforts undeniably harmed America, their extent and gravity has been greatly exaggerated. This paper evaluates primary and secondary sources on the subject to strike a delicate balance between minimizing and inflating the effects of Soviet activities. It acknowledges that espionage did some damage, but questions the legal status, extent, and effect of much of the Soviets’ “stolen” information, ultimately arguing that most Soviet espionage was actually more harmful to the Soviet Union than to the United States. RUSSIAN COLONEL IS INDICTED Any argument downplaying covert Soviet endeavors HERE AS TOP SPY IN U.S.1 must begin with an admission that some espionage unquestionably led to detrimental consequences for CHIEF ‘RUSSIAN SPY’ the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rosenberg Trial – Was Justice Fairly Served?
    Educational materials developed through the Howard County History Labs Program, a partnership between the Howard County Public School System and the UMBC Center for History Education. Cold War Case Files: The Rosenberg Trial – Was Justice Fairly Served? Author: Andrea Orndorff, Marriotts Ridge High School, Howard County Public School System Grade Level: High Duration: Two-three 50-minute class periods Overview: The Rosenberg case remains among the most controversial in American history. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were put to death for espionage on June 19, 1953 at the height of the Cold War. Considering the social and political climate of the early 1950s, it is important to ask whether justice was fairly served. Were the Rosenbergs guilty as charged and the death penalties appropriately imposed, or were they victims of McCarthy-era fear and hysteria? History Standards National History Standards Era 9: Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s) Standard 2: Domestic policies after World War II Standard 2A: The student understands the international origins and domestic consequences of the Cold War. Explain the origins of the Cold War and the advent of nuclear politics. Historical Thinking Standards Standard 5: Historical Issues-Analysis and Decision Making Identify issues and problems in the past and analyze the interests, values, perspectives, and points of view of those involved in the situation Evaluate alternative courses of action, keeping in mind the information available at the time, in terms of ethical considerations, the interests
    [Show full text]
  • A Highly Controversial Case of Espionage—A Summary June 19
    A Highly Controversial Case of Espionage—A Summary June 19 In the 1950s, the case of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg was highly controversial. It remains so today in many quarters. There is a strong SIGINT connection to the case. Recently, when reviewing some past History Today articles, we realized that, at least partly because this daily feature was much shorter a few years ago, we had treated this important case, and the related case of David and Ruth Greenglass, in a rather fragmented way. So, today, we are going to present a unified summary or wrap-up of what everybody ought to know about the Rosenberg case and its SIGINT connection. Project VENONA was an effort by NSA (and its predecessors) from World War II until about 1980 to exploit espionage communications to and from the Soviet Union. Messages sent by the Soviet espionage organization best known as the KGB had begun during the war. These messages had been enciphered on a one- time pad and initially were considered unbreakable; however, shortly after the war, analysis showed that the Soviets had misused their own system, and at least portions of messages could be exploited by cryptanalysts. Eventually, all or parts of about 3,000 messages, sent to and from Moscow from 1942 to 1946, were solved. These decrypts provided real insights into the North American operations of the KGB and were shared with the FBI—under an agreement that stipulated the decrypts could be used to stimulate investigations, but never were to be used in court or otherwise made public.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century Julia S
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2015 An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century Julia S. Shively Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Shively, Julia S., "An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century" (2015). Honors Theses. 391. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/391 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Analysis of Soviet Spy Networks in the United States Throughout the Twentieth Century By Julia S. Shively ********* Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History Union College June, 2015 Chapter 1: Spies Before the War The Soviet Union and the United States have always had a complicated relationship. When the Bolshevik Revolution of 1921 brought the communist party to power in Russia, the United States government did not recognize the new regime. The communist ideologies of the newly established state did not line up well with the democratic ideals of the United States. These new communist principles threatened the strength of the American system, as labor disputes and the Great Depression gave citizens reason to question capitalism’s effectiveness. The fear of this system grew as the world progressed through the twentieth century when the Soviet Union shifted from ally to enemy in all but a few years.
    [Show full text]
  • Y-12 and the Hydrogen Bomb
    Y-12 and the Hydrogen Bomb A major increase in nuclear weapons work came to Y-12 directly after the first Soviet Union nuclear test on August 29, 1949. Y-12 was already the main source of machining and manufacture of the necessary nuclear parts for the weapons being stockpiled and for the tests being conducted. By the time the Soviet Union exploded its first test, the United States had already exploded six. The soviet test, learned by US intelligence to have been a replica of Fat Man, hastened the investigation into espionage. The summer of 1950 saw Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Harry Gold and David Greenglass arrested as spies. Klaus Fuchs, the person who gave the plans for Fat Man to the soviets, was also arrested early in 1950 in Great Britain and sentenced to 14 years in prison. He served nine years. Discussion of the need for a thermonuclear weapon began anew in 1949 when Edward Teller returned to Los Alamos at about the same time as the Soviet Union’s first test. Teller had earlier argued for the more potentially powerful weapon, but Robert Oppenheimer had refused to depart from the agreed upon atomic bomb designs using uranium for Little Boy and plutonium for Fat Man. After the Soviet test, Teller immediately began to push for the greater yields of explosive energy possible with the fusion of hydrogen. Oppenheimer was among those who continued to oppose the development of the hydrogen bomb. An increase in the production of uranium and plutonium was approved leading to additional increased workload for Y-12.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism and Soviet Espionage in the 1940S Ellen Schrecker
    NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW Volume 82 Number 5 Law, Loyalty, and Treason: How Can the Article 10 Law Regulate Loyalty Without Imperiling It? 6-1-2004 Stealing Secrets: Communism and Soviet Espionage in the 1940s Ellen Schrecker Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Ellen Schrecker, Stealing Secrets: Communism and Soviet Espionage in the 1940s, 82 N.C. L. Rev. 1841 (2004). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol82/iss5/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STEALING SECRETS: COMMUNISM AND SOVIET ESPIONAGE IN THE 1940s ELLEN SCHRECKER' The fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War liberated thousands of pages of previously secret records. Coming from both sides of the former Iron Curtain, these materials have greatly expanded what is known about the long-hidden world of Soviet policymaking. The most sensational of those releases dealt with the Kremlin's espionage operations at the time of the World War II, revealing that somewhere between one and three hundred Americans and others gave information to Soviet intelligence agencies and that the Communist Party officials recruited many of these people. This Article examines this new material in order to understand espionage and the questions it raises about individual loyalty and disloyalty. It explores the activities of the main espionage networks and assesses the motivations of many intelligent and idealistic men and women who willingly entered the murky world of passwords, covernames, secret cameras, and all the other accoutrements of tradecraft or conspiracy that KGB operations required.
    [Show full text]
  • Harry Gold Held Neurotic in F.B.I. Rosenberg Files
    S THE NEW YORK TIMES, SA Ti Harry Gold Held Neurotic In F.B.I. Rosenberg Files NYTimes RW epf.0 6 AWS WASHINGTON, Dec. the revolutionary with exagger- Harry Gold was described as a ated ego and oversensitivity, neurotic and hostile personal- reVressed hostility. ity with traits adding up to "His early history with eco- "imbalance" in a court-ordered nomic difficulties and racial psychiatric report six months prejudices, peer religious in- before his testimony in the trial fluence and a mother with early of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. radical political ideas—all have The testimony of Mr. Gold, a added to his imbalance. conferred atomic-spy courier "His :fanatic drive when he for the Soviet Union, helped thought he was right made bring about 1951 death sen- him totally oblivious of every- tences for the Rosenbergs and thing." a 30-year prison term for Other documents showed re- Morton Sobell for conspiracy to peated but unsuccessful efforts commit espionage. by the F.B.I. in the early years A summer of the psychiatric of Mr. Sobell's imprisonment— report turned up today among he served nearly 18 years—to 29,000 pages of Federal Bureau induce 'him to give up his of Investigation files released protestations of innocence. on petition of Michael and Unlike the Rosenbergs, Mr. Robert Meeropol, the Rosen- Sobell did not testify at his bergs' sons, who hope to trial. He would have faced demonstrate their parents' in- problems explaining an alleged nocence. "flight to Mexico," which he Mr. Gold testified In March said in a recent autobiography 1951 that he had obtained had been motivated in part atomic information from David by a hope to avoid possible Greenglass, another major perjury charges for a false anti.
    [Show full text]
  • RS#04 Timeline of Events
    Educational materials developed through the Howard County History Labs Program, a partnership between the Howard County Public School System and the UMBC Center for History Education. Resource Sheet #04 Timeline of Events Arrests and Trials (Rosenberg Case) Historical Context WWII 1941 – Nazi Germany implements the “Final YEARS Solution to the “Jewish problem” June 22, 1941 – Hitler invades USSR December 7, 1941 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, and U.S. enters WWII as Soviet ally February 2, 1943 – Germans surrender at Stalingrad April 12, 1945 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies and Harry S. Truman becomes president May 8, 1945 – Germans surrender to Allies July 16, 1945 – First atomic bomb exploded, Alamogordo, NM August 6, 1945 – U.S. drops A-bomb on Hiroshima September 2, 1945 – Japan surrenders, WWII ends POST- 1947 – Attorney General’s list of subversive WAR organizations compiled YEARS 1947 – House Un-American Activities Committee begins investigation of Communists in Hollywood 1945 August 29, 1949 – First atomic explosion in USSR to October 1949 – Communist Mao Zedong 1950 proclaimed the establishment of the People’s Republic of China 1950 February 2, 1950 – Klaus Fuchs arrested in 1950 – Congress passes Internal Security Act giving London and confesses the government the power to detain, deport, and March 1, 1950 – Klaus Fuchs found guilty and revoke the citizenship of suspected subversives sentenced to 14 years January 1950 – Alger Hiss, an important May 23, 1950 – Harry Gold arrested and government official, was accused of being a Soviet confesses spy and convicted of perjury June 16, 1950 – David Greenglass arrested February 1950 – Joseph McCarthy accuses U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Unquiet Death and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Cold War – Rosenberg Timeline
    The Unquiet Death and Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Cold War – Rosenberg Timeline • July 24, 1945 –Truman informs Stalin at • May 31, 1949 – Alger Hiss’s perjury (espionage) Potsdam Conference about A-Bomb trial begins • August 6, 1945 – B-29s dropped a uranium • August 29, 1949 – Soviet Union tests its first gun-type bomb ("Little Boy") on Hiroshima. atomic bomb • June 24, 1948 – Berlin Blockade begins. • October 14, 1949 – top Communist Party-USA leaders convicted in Dennis case. • August 16, 1948 – Harry Dexter White, former Treasury Department official and architect of • January 21, 1950 – Alger Hiss convicted after World Bank and International Monetary Fund, second trial for perjury dies of a heart attack shortly after grand jury investigation of his spying for Soviet Union. • February 2, 1950 – Klaus Fuchs, atomic spy, arrested in Canada • April 4, 1949 – NATO formed The Cold War Cold War – Rosenberg Timeline • February 9, 1950 – Senator Joseph • April 5, 1951 – death penalty imposed on McCarthy in a speech in Wheeling West Rosenbergs Virginia claims there are 205 Known communists working in the State department • November 4, 1952 – Eisenhower elected president (takes office January 20, 1953) • June 25, 1950 – Korean War begins • June 19, 1953 – Rosenbergs executed • July 17, 1950 – Julius Rosenberg arrested • July 27, 1953 – Korean War armistice ends hostilities. • March 6, 1951 – trail of Rosenbergs and Martin Sobell begins Julius Rosenberg, May 12, 1918 – June 19, 1953 born New York City of Polish Jewish immigrant parents electrical
    [Show full text]
  • Unlocking the Ts: Spies Revealed in Venona Code Mostly Eluded
    - -- A18 WEDNESDAY, DEMBER 25,1996 a Unlocking the ts: Spies Revealed In Venona Code Mostly Eluded ges '.1;11951, FBI Confronted Hall and Sax, but Couldn't Show Its Proof theit80 or so people who were iclenti- aviet agent corned "Mlact" (Kus- By Michael Dobbs fien.as Soviet agents, fewer than 10 ahjIfor 'youngster"). According to So- t Washington Post StaffWriter. were ever successfully prosecuted. wet intelligence documents, "Mlad" •±- The Fl3rs failure to bring charges tip-lied off the Kremlin about the test- agent Robert McQueen was *gains! Hail and others raises ques- , i of the first American atomic bomb. Coim that the young man he had , tions about the value of top secret in thily 1945 and handed over a rough *heed to accompany him to FBI head- fennation. In the, len tun, some ex!. theprint of the device to his Soviet %afters in Chicago was a Soviet spy. WO believe, Vellnin MaY:Prove,t0 be contacts. Burgle aho knew that proving the More useful. to historians seelon- g to =tmerican and Russian documents -tharge of espionage in front of a jury write the defuitive story of a canto- Skate that the Soviets had five or six could be enormously difficult ierwal period in American history than illtirmants at Los Alamos, the most ,The case against Theodore Alvin irvias to the US. government at the important of whom was the British nu- IRA-seemed clear enough. Intercepted clear physicist Klaus Fuchs, who con- tiCreinlin cables showed that he had Venona shiiiis is that prose: Itoiiesed to espionage in 1950 and was handed over top secret information to entF8 spies n§ verY, very-tough," said to 15 years in prison by a the Soviets while working on the Ivey ICIehr, author of "The Seaet 88tish court The documents suggest !atomic bomb project, at Los Alamos, Worfil of American Communism" and a t, t; provided the Soviets with 41.M., during the, last, few months of professor of political science at Emory urufloantly more information ahout ...WOW.
    [Show full text]