ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain

Home , Alfred Waterhouse, Howard Colvin, John Summerson, Nikolaus Pevsner

Volume 44:2001

The Alice Davis Hitchcock Medallion is presented annually to authors of outstanding contributions to the literature of architectural history. Recipients of the award have been:

1959: H. M. COLVIN 1980: ALLAN BRAHAM i960: JOHN SUMMERSON 1981: HOWARD COLVIN 1961: KERRY DOWNES 1982: PETER THORNTON 1962: JOHN FLEMING 1983: MAURICE CRAIG 1963: DOROTHY STROUD 1984: WILLIAM CURTIS 1964: F. H. W. SHEPPARD 1985: JILL LEVER 1965: H. M. & JOAN TAYLOR 1986: DAVID BROWNLEE 1966: NIKOLAUS PEVSNER 1987: JOHN HARVEY 1967: MARK GIROUARD 1988: ROGER STALLEY 1968: CHRISTOPHER HUSSEY 1989: ANDREW SAINT 1969: PETER COLLINS 1990: CHARLES SAUMAREZ SMITH 1970: A. H. GOMME & 1991: CHRISTOPHER WILSON D. M. WALKER 1992: EILEEN HARRIS & NICHOLAS SAVAGE 1971: JOHN HARRIS 1993: JOHN ALLAN 1972: HERMIONE HOBHOUSE 1994: COLIN CUNNINGHAM & 1973: MARK GIROUARD PRUDENCE WATERHOUSE 1974: J. MORDAUNT CROOK & 1995: MILES GLENDINNING & M. H. PORT STEFAN MUTHESIUS 1975: DAVID WATKIN 1996: ROBERT HILLENBRAND 1976: ANTHONY BLUNT 1997: ROBIN EVANS 1977: ANDREW SAINT 1998: IAN BRISTOW 1977: PETER SMITH 1999: DEREK LINSTRUM 1979: TED RUDDOCK 2000: LINDA FAIRBAIRN

The Society's Essay Medal is presented annually to the winner of the Society's essay medal competition. Tlie regulations are available from the Honorary Secretary. Recipients of the medal have been:

1982: GORDON HIGGOTT 1992: FRANK SALMON 1983: NEIL JACKSON 1993: CATHERINE STEEVES 1984: JOSEPH SHARPLES 1994: SEAN SAWYER 1985: No award was made 1995: JONATHAN HUGHES 1986: LAURAJACOBUS 1996: ANDREW HOPKINS 1987: TIM MOWL 1997: PETER MAYHEW 1988: GILES WORSLEY 1998: ANDREW FOYLE 1989: No award was made 1999: No award was made 1990: No award was made 2000: ELEANOR TOLLFREE 1991: MICHAEL HALL

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 01 Oct 2021 at 11:47:23, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066622X00007620 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 01 Oct 2021 at 11:47:23, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066622X00007620 ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY Essays in architectural history presented to John Neumian

Volume 44:2001

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.229, on 01 Oct 2021 at 11:47:23, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0066622X00007620 SOCIETY OF ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIANS OF GREAT BRITAIN Founded 1956: incorporated 1964 The Society exists to encourage an interest in the history of architecture, to provide opportunities for the exchange and discussion of ideas related to this subject and to publish, in its journal, Architectural History, significant source material and the results of original research.

ELECTED OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 2000-01 President: Peter Draper Past President Margaret Richardson Chairman: Christopher Wakeling Honorary Secretary: Andrew Martindale Honorary Treasurer: Martin Wedgwood Honorary Editor: Andor Gomme Honorary Conference Secretaries: Claire Gapper; Elizabeth Green Honorary Events Secretary: Richard Morrice Executive Committee David McLees Gordon Higgott Linda Monckton Grace McCombie Peter Smith Jane Thomas

Bankers: Barclays Bank pic, University Branch, 137 Oxford Road, Manchester MI 7EA

All correspondence concerning the Society except applications for membership should be addressed to: Mr Andrew Martindale, SAHGB, 6 Fitzroy Square, London WIP 6DX Applications for membership should be sent to: Mr Laurence Kinney, Brandon Mead, 9 Old Park Lane, Farnham, Surrey GU9 OAJ Correspondence concerning Architectural History should be addressed to: Professor Andor Gomme, Barleybat Hall, Church Lawton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffs ST7 3DG Correspondence concerning the Society's Newsletter should be addressed to: Mrs Grace McCombie, 12 Rectory Grove, Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 IAL Books for review in the Society's Newsletter should be sent to: Dr Sean O'Reilly, 33 Barony Street, Edinburgh EH3 6NX

Produced by Maney Publishing, Hudson Road, Leeds Lsg yDL Set in Monotype Bembo

Section 1: Personalia

JOHN NEWMAN: AN APPRECIATION by Gordon Higgott i

JOHN NEWMAN AT THE COURTAULD by Michael Kauffmann 5

JOHN ARTHUR NEWMAN: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BOOKS, PAPERS, SELECTED REVIEWS AND MISCELLANEA compiled by Frank Salmon 7

Section 2: Terminology

TECHNICAL TERMS AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF ENGLISH MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE by E. C. Fernie 13

Section 3: Drawings and Designs

A DRAWING BY 'ROBERTUS PYTE' FOR HENRY VIII by Maurice Howard 22

INIGO JONES, JOHN WEBB AND TEMPLE BAR by John Peacock and Christy Anderson 29

A NEWLY-DISCOVERED DRAWING BY JAMES STUART by Kerry Bristol 39

A RECENTLY DISCOVERED GANDY SKETCHBOOK by Ian Goodall and Margaret Richardson 45

EXTRA ILLUSTRATIONS OF PUGIN BUILDINGS IN T. H. KING'S LES VRAIS PRINCIPES by Roderick O'Donnell 57

A CASE OF CULTURAL SCHIZOPHRENIA: RULING TASTES AND ARCHITECTURAL TRAINING IN THE EDWARDIAN PERIOD by Colin Cunningham 64

Section 4: Growth & Change in London

THE IMPACT OF INIGO JONES ON LONDON DECORATIVE PLASTERWORK by Claire Gapper 82

INIGO JONES AND THE ORIGINS OF THE LONDON MEWS by Giles Worsley 88

EDWARD HATTON'S NEW VIEW OF LONDON by Bridget Cherry 96

JOHN WHITE SENIOR AND JAMES WYATT: AN EARLY SCHEME FOR MARYLEBONE PARK AND THE NEW STREET TO CARLTON HOUSE by James Anderson 106

RIVER VIEWS: TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE THAMES by Roger Woodley 115

Section 5: Britain and the Continent

REFLEXIONS OF VENICE IN SCOTTISH ARCHITECTURE by Deborah Howard 123

COMPARABLE INSTITUTIONS: THE ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR SEAMEN AND THE HOTEL DES INVALIDES by John Bold 136

THE TRADITION OF THE SOFFITTO VENEZIANO IN LORD BURLINGTON'S SUBURBAN VILLA AT CHISWICK by Pamela D. Kingsbury 145

CARSTEN ANKER DINES WITH THE YOUNGER GEORGE DANCE, AND VISITS ST LUKE'S HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE by Christine Stevenson 153

Section 6: Cathedrals, Abbeys, Churches and Chapels

IN HOC SIGNO: THE WEST FRONT OF LINCOLN CATHEDRAL by Anthony Quiney 162

CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL: CLASSICAL COLUMNS IN THE TRINITY CHAPEL? by Peter Draper 172

THE BUILDINGS OF WEST MALLING ABBEY by Tim Tatton-Brown 179

THE NAVE OF STONE CHURCH IN KENT by Paul Crossley 195

'THE REPOSITORY OF OUR ENGLISH KINGS': THE HENRY VII CHAPEL AS ROYAL MAUSOLEUM by Thomas Cocke 212

A CATHOLIC SCULPTURE IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND: SIR THOMAS TRESHAM'S REREDOS AT RUSHTON HALL by Richard Williams 221

JOHN COLT AND THE CHARTERHOUSE CHAPEL by Stephen Porter and Adam White 228

THE SETTING-OUT OF ST PAUL'S CATHEDRAL by Rob e rt C rayfo rd 237

JOHN JAMES AT CHALFONT ST PETER by Sally Jeffery 249

ST CHAD'S CHURCH, STAFFORD: A YOUNG AND BEAUTIFUL VIRGIN AND HER DECAYED AND DOTING HUSBAND by Terry Friedman 258

'A ROOM NEARLY SEMICIRCULAR': ASPECTS OF THE THEATRE AND THE CHURCH FROM HARRISON TO PUGIN by Christopher Wakeling 265

THE TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS' CHAPEL by David M. Robinson 275

'THE DISASTROUS DEFORMATION OF BUTTERFIELD': BALLIOL COLLEGE CHAPEL IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Peter Howell 283

THE QUEEN'S CHAPEL IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY by Simon Bradley 293

Section 7: Country Houses

THE COTTONS AT WHITTINGTON COURT by Elizabeth Williamson and John Juf ica 303

RE-DATING WESTWOOD by Andor Gomme 310

SUDBURY HALL CREWE HALL: A CLOSE CONNEXION by Cherry Ann Knott 322

LORD STAWELL'S GREAT HOUSE IN SOMERSET by Howard Colvin 332

RADLEY HALL THE REDISCOVERY OF A COUNTRY HOUSE by Alison Maguire 341

AN INTRIGUING PATRONAGE? by Rosalys Coope 351

Section 8: Gardens and Parks

MAPS OF CRANBORNE MANOR IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY by Paula Henderson 358

GARDEN DESIGN IN THE MID-SEVENTEENTH CENTURY by David Jacques 365

FRANCOIS-JOSEPH BELANGER'S BATH-HOUSE AT THE HOTEL DE BRANCAS by Rachel Perry 3 77

Section g: Towns and Villages

BOUGHTON MONCHELSEA: THE PATTERN OF BUILDING IN A CENTRAL KENT PARISH by Sarah Pearson 386

'GOOD & NOT EXPENSIVE . . .': LORD HARCOURT's NUNEHAM COURTENAY by Malcolm Airs 394

SURVIVAL OF THE SMALLEST: THE SEVENOAKS TENANTS' ESTATE byAileenReid 401

MONMOUTH AND THE FLOODS by Keith Kissack 411

The Society acknowledges with gratitude a grant towards the cost of publishing this volume from a private charitable trust, whose trustees wish to remain anonymous. The Editor likewise gratefully acknowledges the extensive help in preparing the volume which he has received from Claire Gapper, Gordon Higgott, Maurice Howard and Margaret Newman.

MALCOLM AIRS is Reader in Conservation and the Historic Environment at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Kellogg College. He is Chairman of the Institute of Historic Building Conservation, author of The Tudor and Jacobean Country House and editor of the continuing series of volumes on the English Great House.

CHRISTY ANDERSON, who has been a research fellow of Worcester College, Oxford and lecturer at the Open University, now teaches architectural history at Yale. Her study Inigo Jones: Books and Buildings in the English Renaissance is to be published later this year.

*JAMES ANDERSON, former Honorary Treasurer of the Society, is a practising architectural historian with a particular interest in the development of London in the early nineteenth century.

JOHN BOLD has written books on Wilton House and the architecture of John Webb. His book on Greenwich, prepared with colleagues from the former RCHM, was published at the end of last year. He is a consultant to the Council of Europe on the cultural heritage and teaches at the University of Westminster and at New York University in London.

* SIMON BRADLEY is Deputy Editor of the Pevsner Architectural Guides (Penguin Books). His essay, 'The Roots of Ecclesiology', was published in A Church as it Should Be, edited by John Elliott and Christopher Webster, in 2000.

*KERRY BRISTOL is a Lecturer in Architecture and Decorative Arts at the University of Leeds, the author of several forthcoming articles and a monograph on Athenian Stuart. Her special interests include the Grand Tour, European neo-classical architecture and Irish architecture 1660-1820.

BRIDGET CHERRY, now chief editor of the Pevsner Architectural Guides, became Pevsner's research assistant in 1968. She revised Surrey, Wiltshire and Northants, largely rewrote Devon in 1989 and has since masterminded the comprehensive series, now nearly complete, on London. She has been a commissioner for both English Heritage and the RCHME.

*THOMAS COCKE wrote a Courtauld thesis on the attitudes taken to medieval buildings and their care after the Middle Ages and particularly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; this has remained the focus of his research ever since. Most of his working life has been spent as an investigator with the former RCHME and now as Secretary of the Council for the Care of Churches.

HOWARD COLVIN F.B.A., Emeritus Fellow of St John's College, Oxford, world- renowned for the Biographical Dictionary of British Architects and The History of the King's Works, is also author of, inter alia, Architecture and the After-Life and (most recently) Essays in English Architectural History.

ROSALYS COOPE'S monograph on Salomon de Brosse and her catalogue of the RIBA drawings of Jacques Gentilhatre both appeared in 1972, since when her special interest

in the architecture of the French Renaissance has been confirmed by regular appearance at the colloques at the University of Tours. She is the author of two seminal articles on the long gallery in Architectural History and has done much research on Newstead Abbey, published in several articles in the Transactions of the Thornton Society of Nottinghamshire.

ROBERT CRAYFORD, Architectural Archivist at St Paul's, recently published a reconstruc tion (from the building accounts) of Inigo Jones's portico, and collaborated with Hentie Louw on a Constructional History of the Sash Window c.i 670-1725 (Architectural History, 42 & 43).

PAUL CROSSLEY is a Senior Lecturer at the Courtauld Institute, the author of The Architecture ofKasimir the Great (1985). Recent publications include (as author-editor) the new edition of Paul Frankl's Gothic Architecture and (as co-editor) Architecture: Constructing Identity in European Architecture (both 2000). He has a specialist interest in the medieval architecture of Germany and eastern Europe and is writing a history of German late Gothic.

COLIN CUNNINGHAM, former Chairman of the Society, has recently retired from a Readership in Architectural History at the Open University. His study of Alfred Waterhouse, written jointly with Prudence Waterhouse, won the Alice Davis Hitchcock award in 1994. Stones of Witness appeared in 1999, a contribution to The Albert Memorial in 2000, and The Terracotta Designs of Alfred Waterhouse is due this year.

PETER DRAPER, the Society's current President, is Senior Lecturer in the History of Art at Birkbeck College, University of London. He has published extensively on English medieval architecture, focusing on the cultural interpretation of major churches and the interrelationship between architecture and liturgy. ERIC FERNIE is Director of the Courtauld Institute and a student of medieval architecture. His most recent book, published this year, is The Architecture of Norman England.

TERRY FRIEDMAN, formerly Principal Keeper of the Henry Moore Centre for the Study of Sculpture in Leeds, and author oijames Gibbs (1984), is currently at work on a broad study of eighteenth-century English church architecture.

*CLAIRE CAPPER took her M.A. at the Courtauld and followed it with a Ph.D. on English plasterwork of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, on which she has written and lectured. She is co-author, with John Newman and Annabel Ricketts, of 'Hatfield, a house for a Lord Treasurer' in Pauline Croft (ed.), Culture and Power: the early Cecils, due for publication later this year.

ANDOR GOMME used to teach English Literature and Architectural History at Keele University. He is a former Chairman of the Society and currently Honorary Editor of Architectural History. His book on Smith of Warwick was published earlier this year.

IAN GOODALL works in the Architectural Investigation section of English Heritage in York. He has contributed to a number of publications, including Furness Iron, English Hospitals 1600—1948 and Yorkshire Textile Mills 1770—1930.

*PAULA HENDERSON has a Ph.D. in architectural history from the Courtauld Institute. She specialized in the architecture of the setting of the English house in the Tudor and early Stuart periods, and her book on the subject will shortly be published.

*GORDON HIGGOTT is a Historic Buildings Inspector at English Heritage. He took his M.A. and Ph.D. at the Courtauld under Peter Kidson and John Newman. He is co author (with John Harris) of Inigo Jones: Complete Architectural Drawings (1989) and has published on Jones's early continental travels and architectural theory. He is now researching the Wren office designs for Hampton Court Palace and St Paul's Cathedral DEBORAH HOWARD, immediate past-Chairman of the Society, is Reader in Architec tural History at the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of St John's College. Her latest book is Venice and the East: The Impact of the Islamic World on Venetian Architecture 1100-1500 (2000).

*MAURICE HOWARD'S books include The Early Tudor Country House (1987) and The Tudor Image (1995). Forthcoming is The Vyne: The Archaeology of a great Tudor House, with Edward Wilson. He is Reader in Art History at the University of Sussex, a former Chairman of the Society and Senior Specialist Advisor to the V&A for the British Galleries Project, 2001. PETER HOWELL has recently retired from teaching Latin at Royal Holloway College. His recent publications include chapters on Architecture 1800—1914' in vol. vii of The History of the University of Oxford and on Francis Skidmore in The Albert Memorial. He is currently working on a book on the triumphal arch from Roman times to the present. *DAVID JACQUES is the author of Georgian Gardens: The Reign of Nature (1983) and The Gardens of William and Mary (1988), and was First Inspector of Historic Parks and Gardens at English Heritage from 1988 to 1993. He is currently Director of the Conservation (Landscapes & Gardens) course at the Architectural Association. SALLY JEFFERY, a former Honorary Secretary of the Society, works as an architectural and garden historian with the Corporation of London and also teaches garden history at Birkbeck College. She is the author of the definitive architectural study of the London Mansion House. JOHN JURICA is Assistant Editor of the Victoria History of Gloucestershire. c. M. KAUFFMAN was formerly Keeper of Prints & Drawings and Paintings at the Victoria and Albert Museum (1975-85) and subsequently Professor of the History of Art and Director of the Courtauld Institute, University of London (1985-95). *PAMELA D. KINGSBURY holds a Ph.D. in Art History from the University of Chicago. She is an independent scholar, writing on English eighteenth-century architecture and that of Frank Lloyd Wright, and she serves as architectural historian for the State of Kansas preservation board. Her book on Lord Burlington's Town Architecture was published in 1995. KEITH KISSACK, a former member of Monmouth Borough Council and Director of Monmouth and Castle Museums, is the author of several books on the history and

architecture of the town, and jointly of the Blue Guide to the churches of Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire. *CHERRY ANN KNOTT was Curator of Sudbury Hall for five years until 1983. Subsequently, as a post-graduate student at the Courtauld Institute, she did research on Sudbury in the Vernon family archives. *ALISON MAGUIRE wrote her Courtauld Ph.D. thesis on Country-House Planning in England, 1660—1700. She now works as an independent Consultant Architectural Historian and is also engaged (in collaboration with Andor Gomme) in researching and writing a book on the compact house plan.

RODERICK O'DONNELL is an expert on the Pugins and the Roman Catholic revival in these islands. He was research assistant in Dublin for the Buildings of Ireland 1975—78 and frequently contributes to the revised Buildings of. . . volumes, but found his house damned with faint praise in the revised Norfolk as 'suburban Arts & Crafts'. He has been an inspector with English Heritage and its predecessor bodies since 1982. JOHN PEACOCK teaches English at Southampton University. His book on The Stage Designs of Inigo Jones came out in 1995. He has now turned to the study of Van Dyck, for which he has recently received a Leverhulme research fellowship. SARAH PEARSON formerly worked for the RCHME and for them wrote The Medieval Houses of Kent: an Historical Analysis (1994). She is the immediate Part-President of the Vernacular Architecture Group. Her extended introduction to the Kent Hearth Tax Assessment: Lady Day 1664 is to be published by the British Record Society this year. * RACHEL PERRY specializes in French architecture and is currently working on a book on Francois-Joseph Belanger, the subject of her Courtauld Ph.D. STEPHEN PORTER is Assistant Editor with the Survey of London section of English Heritage, working on a study of the London Charterhouse for a forthcoming volume in the series. He is author of Exploring Urban History (1990), Destruction in the English Civil Wars (1994), The Great Fire of London (1996) and The Great Plague (1999), and editor of London and the Civil War (1996). ANTHONY QUINEY, Professor of Architectural History at the University of Greenwich, prolific author and a former Chairman of the Society and President of the Royal Archaeological Institute, is currently completing a book on the medieval urban houses ofBritain. *AILEEN REID was educated at Edinburgh University and the Courtauld Institute, where she wrote a doctoral dissertation on the architectural career of E. W. Godwin (1833-86). She was joint editor with Robert Mainura of Edward Alleyn: Elizabethan Actor, Jacobean Gentleman (1994). Her latest book is Brentham: a History of the Pioneer Garden Suburb igoi-2001 (2000); she currently works as assistant literary editor of The Sunday Telegraph. MARGARET RICHARDSON has worked at Sir John Soane's Museum since 1985 and been its curator since 1995. She co-edited the exhibition John Soane: Master of Space and Light at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1999.

DAVID ROBINSON is an architectural historian with the Historical Analysis and Research Team at English Heritage. Essentially a medievalist, he was previously academic editor of the Cadw: Welsh Historic Monuments guidebook series.

*FRANK SALMON has been lecturing in art history at the University of Manchester since 1989. His book Building on Ruins: The Rediscovery of Rome and English Architecture was published late last year.

*CHRISTINE STEVENSON is a lecturer in the History of Art at the University of Reading. She has published articles on Hogarth and on eighteenth-century institutional architecture in England, Scotland and Denmark, and in 2000 the book Medicine and Magnificence: British Hospital and Asylum Architecture 1660—1800.

TIM TATTON-BROWN was Director of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust from 1975 to 1985 and is now a freelance archaeologist and architectural historian. He helped with the third edition of The Buildings of England: North-east and East Kent and has recently published Lambeth Palace, a history .of the Archbishops of Canterbury and their houses (2000).

CHRISTOPHER WAKELING, the Society's current Chairman, teaches architectural and art history at Keele University. He has a special interest in the architecture of non- conformism, and is the author of the section on Post-Renaissance architecture in the centenary edition of Sir Banister Fletcher's History of Architecture.

*ADAM WHITE studied English Renaissance sculpture under John Newman at the Courtauld in the 1970s and has remained a devotee of the subject ever since. His Biographical Dictionary of London Tomb Sculptors c. 1560— c. 1660 was published by the Walpole Society in 1999. For the past six years he has worked as Curator of Lotherton Hall, Leeds Museums and Galleries.

*RICHARD WILLIAMS, who has been a part-time tutor at Birkbeck College, is currently completing a doctoral thesis at the Courtauld Institute on the impact of the Reformation on visual culture in Elizabethan England. His chapter on 'Libels and Payntinges: Elizabethan Catholics and the International Campaign of Visual Propa ganda' is due to be published shortly in fohn Foxe and his World.

ELIZABETH WILLIAMSON, joint author of the revised Pevsner Guides on Buckinghamshire, Leicestershire and Rutland, and Nottinghamshire, is now Architectural Editor of The Victoria History of the Counties of England.

*ROGER WOODLEY wrote his doctoral thesis on the professional development of Robert Mylne. He teaches architectural history at University College, London and is preparing the next edition of the London Blue Guide.

*GILES WORSLEY, architectural correspondent of The Daily Telegraph, is the author of Classical Architecture in Britain (1995) and editor of The Life and Works of John Can, by Brian Wragg (2000).

* Former students ofJoh n Newman at the Courtauld Institute.