Butterflies Combine a Restricted Set of Pigmentary and Structural Coloration Mechanisms
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Longwing (Heliconius) Butterflies Combine a Restricted Set of Pigmentary and Structural Coloration Mechanisms Bodo D
Wilts et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:226 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-1073-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Longwing (Heliconius) butterflies combine a restricted set of pigmentary and structural coloration mechanisms Bodo D. Wilts1,2* , Aidan J. M. Vey1, Adriana D. Briscoe3 and Doekele G. Stavenga1 Abstract Background: Longwing butterflies, Heliconius sp., also called heliconians, are striking examples of diversity and mimicry in butterflies. Heliconians feature strongly colored patterns on their wings, arising from wing scales colored by pigments and/or nanostructures, which serve as an aposematic signal. Results: Here, we investigate the coloration mechanisms among several species of Heliconius by applying scanning electron microscopy, (micro)spectrophotometry, and imaging scatterometry. We identify seven kinds of colored scales within Heliconius whose coloration is derived from pigments, nanostructures or both. In yellow-, orange- and red-colored wing patches, both cover and ground scales contain wavelength-selective absorbing pigments, 3-OH-kynurenine, xanthommatin and/or dihydroxanthommatin. In blue wing patches, the cover scales are blue either due to interference of light in the thin-film lower lamina (e.g., H. doris) or in the multilayered lamellae in the scale ridges (so-called ridge reflectors, e.g., H. sara and H. erato); the underlying ground scales are black. In the white wing patches, both cover and ground scales are blue due to their thin-film lower lamina, but because they are stacked upon each other and at the wing substrate, a faint bluish to white color results. Lastly, green wing patches (H. doris) have cover scales with blue-reflecting thin films and short-wavelength absorbing 3-OH-kynurenine, together causing a green color. -
The Genetics and Evolution of Iridescent Structural Colour in Heliconius Butterflies
The genetics and evolution of iridescent structural colour in Heliconius butterflies Melanie N. Brien A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Science Department of Animal & Plant Sciences Submission Date August 2019 1 2 Abstract The study of colouration has been essential in developing key concepts in evolutionary biology. The Heliconius butterflies are well-studied for their diverse aposematic and mimetic colour patterns, and these pigment colour patterns are largely controlled by a small number of homologous genes. Some Heliconius species also produce bright, highly reflective structural colours, but unlike pigment colour, little is known about the genetic basis of structural colouration in any species. In this thesis, I aim to explore the genetic basis of iridescent structural colour in two mimetic species, and investigate its adaptive function. Using experimental crosses between iridescent and non-iridescent subspecies of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene, I show that iridescent colour is a quantitative trait by measuring colour variation in offspring. I then use a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping approach to identify loci controlling the trait in the co-mimics, finding that the genetic basis is not the same in the two species. In H. erato, the colour is strongly sex-linked, while in H. melpomene, we find a large effect locus on chromosome 3, plus a number of putative small effect loci in each species. Therefore, iridescence in Heliconius is not an example of repeated gene reuse. I then show that both iridescent colour and pigment colour are sexually dimorphic in H. -
Butterflies and Pollination Welcome!
BUTTERFLIES AND POLLINATION Welcome! Welcome to Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden! We ask that you please read the following rules to your group before you begin your visit. • Stay with your group during your entire visit. • Respect our wildlife; do not touch, chase, or feed the animals. • Walk only on designated paths or grass. • Do not climb trees or pick flowers or fruits from plants. • Keep your voices low to respect other guests. • Self-guided groups are not allowed at the Garden Cafe, in the Gift Shop or on the Tram. In your backpack, you will find the materials needed for this program. Before leaving the Garden, we ask you to please ensure that all the materials are back in this backpack. At the end of your visit, return this backpack to the Visitor Center. If any materials are lost or damaged, the cost will be deducted from your deposit. ACTIVITY SUPPLIES: • 3 Butterfly Program booklets Butterfly Background Information Activities • Comparing Butterflies and Moths pictures - 10 • Butterfly vs. Moth Venn Diagramworksheets - 10 • Butterfly Life Cycle worksheets - 10 • Butterfly Antomy worksheets - 10 Lisa D. Anness Butterfly Garden • Lepidopterist For A Day worksheets - 10 • South Florida Butterfly Guides - 10 Wings of the Tropics: Butterfly Conservatory • Wings of the Tropics Butterfly Guide - 6 • Exotic Butterflies in the Wings of the Tropics Conservatory - 6 • Butterfly Behavior Guide - 6 Whitman Tropical Fruit Pavilion • Pollination Match cards - 3 sets of 12 cards • Optional: clipboards - 10 Get Started 1. Review the Introduction, Vocabulary List, activity descriptions, and butterfly field guides included in the backpack. If you are going to the butterfly conservatory please review the Wings of the Tropics: Butterfly Conservatory Guidelines with your students before entering the butterfly conservatory. -
Jonas James Goodwin
University of Otago ! Discovering Nature through Mobile Gaming Jonas James Goodwin A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Communication Centre for Science Communication, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand March, 2016 ! ABSTRACT Casual video games and nature outreach face similar challenges when engaging audiences, and may have much to offer one another from within their respective realms. The aims of this project were to examine casual mobile video games as a means of encouraging engagement with nature, as well as whether factual content has a place within the non-serious gaming industry. This was achieved through two studies using the commercially successful free-to-play game Flutter: Butter*ly Sanctuary. Quantitative player metrics and qualitative self-report methods drew results from over 180,000 active players and were used to assess engagement through sub-factors relating to learning and interest. While a direct measure of learning remained elusive, an analysis of metrics results revealed players to be performing very well at identifying species within the context of the game. Supporting survey analyses revealed Flutter to extend interest in butterFlies beyond the game with some groups. Additional results revealed players to be engaging with the factual content, and identifying it as a positive factor when making decisions about sharing and spending. It was also revealed that many players had difFiculty distinguishing non-factual from factual elements within the game. On the basis of these results, I conclude that games like Flutter may help sustain engagement with real world content, which in turn can be responsibly utilised by game developers to engage and offer depth to their audience. -
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science Botany & Zology
Online ISSN : 2249-4626 Print ISSN : 0975-5896 DOI : 10.17406/GJSFR DiversityofButterflies RevisitingMelaninMetabolism InfluenceofHigh-FrequencyCurrents GeneticStructureofSitophilusZeamais VOLUME20ISSUE4VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science Botany & Zology Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: C Biological Science Botany & Zology Volume 20 Issue 4 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. © Global Journal of Science (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Frontier Research. 2020 . Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Open Scientific Standards All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in version 1.0 Publisher’s Headquarters office of “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research.” By Global Journals Inc. Global Journals ® Headquarters All articles are open access articles distributed 945th Concord Streets, under “Global Journal of Science Frontier Research” Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, Reading License, which permits restricted use. United States of America Entire contents are copyright by of “Global USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 Journal of Science Frontier Research” unless USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 otherwise noted on specific articles. No part of this publication may be reproduced Offset Typesetting or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including G lobal Journals Incorporated photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, permission. Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom The opinions and statements made in this book are those of the authors concerned. Packaging & Continental Dispatching Ultraculture has not verified and neither confirms nor denies any of the foregoing and no warranty or fitness is implied. -
BOCAS DEL TORO ARCHIPELAGO FIELD REPORT March 23 – April 1, 2018 by Jeri M
BOCAS DEL TORO ARCHIPELAGO FIELD REPORT March 23 – April 1, 2018 By Jeri M. Langham Tranquilo Bay Eco Adventure Lodge was built on Bastimentos Island adjacent to the large Parque Nacional Isla Bastimentos in Panama’s Bocas del Toro Archipelago. I scouted this location in January 2011 and immediately knew it was a fantastic location for VENT tours. Participants also have opportunities to snorkel, kayak, visit the bat cave, paddleboard, fish and/or swim in the warm Caribbean waters. Our group of seven participants, two owners, two staff members and me © Jay Viola An enticing example of what awaits visitors to this marvelous birding paradise can be found in excerpts taken from the Journal I write during every tour and later e-mail to all participants. These are from my 11-page Journal for the March 2018 tour. After a 45-minute flight from Panama City to Bocas del Toro, we were met by Jay Viola, one of the three owners of Tranquilo Bay Eco Adventure Lodge and soon were loaded on the boat and headed toward Bastimentos Island, home of Tranquilo Bay Eco Adventure Lodge. On the way we picked up Magnificent Frigatebird and Pomarine Jaeger. We settled into our cabanas and then met on the lodge porch and birded from here, the porch of one of the cabanas on top of the hill, and also along a winding rainforest trail. Top of the list was my first White-tailed Kite for the property. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird was the most common, but we also added Bananaquit, Blue-black Grosbeak, Black-cheeked Woodpecker, Yellow-bellied Elaenia, Red-lored Parrot, White-crowned and Pale-vented pigeons, and male and female Masked and Black-headed tityras. -
K & K Imported Butterflies
K & K Imported Butterflies www.importedbutterflies.com Ken Werner Owners Kraig Anderson 4075 12 TH AVE NE 12160 Scandia Trail North Naples Fl. 34120 Scandia, MN. 55073 239-353-9492 office 612-961-0292 cell 239-404-0016 cell 651-269-6913 cell 239-353-9492 fax 651-433-2482 fax [email protected] [email protected] Other companies Gulf Coast Butterflies Spineless Wonders Supplier of Consulting and Construction North American Butterflies of unique Butterfly Houses, and special events Exotic Butterfly and Insect list North American Butterfly list This a is a complete list of K & K Imported Butterflies We are also in the process on adding new species, that have never been imported and exhibited in the United States You will need to apply for an interstate transport permit to get the exotic species from any domestic distributor. We will be happy to assist you in any way with filling out the your PPQ526 Thank You Kraig and Ken There is a distinction between import and interstate permits. The two functions/activities can not be on one permit. You are working with an import permit, thus all of the interstate functions are blocked. If you have only a permit to import you will need to apply for an interstate transport permit to get the very same species from a domestic distributor. If you have an import permit (or any other permit), you can go into your ePermits account and go to my applications, copy the application that was originally submitted, thus a Duplicate application is produced. Then go into the "Origination Point" screen, select the "Change Movement Type" button. -
Diversity of Butterflies from District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Journal on New Biological Reports ISSN 2319 – 1104 (Online) JNBR 4(2) 139 – 148 (2015) Published by www.researchtrend.net Diversity of Butterflies from District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India Saveena Bogtapa High Altitude Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Saproon, Solan (Himachal Pradesh), India *Corresponding author: [email protected] | Received: 27 May 2015 | Accepted: 15 June 2015 | ABSTRACT Solan district is situated in the northeast region of Himachal Pradesh. During the present study, One hundred and five species of butterflies belonging to 5 families of 72 genera are recorded. The most abundant family is Nymphalidae followed by Lycaenidae, Hesperidae, Pieridae and Papilionidae. Analysis of these species for abundance revealed that 54 species (51.42%) were common, 16 (15.23%) fairly common, 22 (20.9%) uncommon and 13 (12.38%) were rare. Moreover, 13 species were placed under Wild Life Protection Act (1972). The relative percentage of scheduled species is maximum in Lycaenidae (5.71%) followed by Nymphalidae (4.76 %), Hesperidae is equal to Papilionidae (0.95%) and lastly Pieridae (0%). Key Words: Lepidoptera, butterflies, district Solan, diversity, scheduled species. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Among insects, the order Lepidoptera is the third Study Area largest insect order which comprises butterflies and moths. It comprises 1, 57,424 species out of which The present study was taken at district Solan which lies at 30.90◦ North and 77.09◦ East of Himachal 16,440 are butterflies belonging to super family 2 Papilionoidea. In India, 1502 species of butterflies Pradesh. The area covers 1936 km and nestles in while in Himachal only 288 species are reported till Siwalik ranges of Himalaya with dominant Chir date. -
Annualreportofdi51fiel.Pdf
CI 11 L I Sj o I :, CENTRAL CIRCULATION BOOKSTACKS The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its nmewal or its return to the library from which it was borrowed on or before the Latest Date stamped below. The Minimum Fee for each Lost Book is $50.00. Theft/ mutilation, and underiining of boolcs are reasons for disciplinary action and may result In dismissal from the University. TO RENEW CALL TELEPHONE CENTER, 333-8400 UNIVERSITY OF ILIINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN MAft 7 1995 FPR 1 3 IC35 When renewing by phone, write new due date below previous due date. LI 62 LIBUKY UNIVERS/ry OF y ILLINOIS UftSANA Field Museum of Natural History. ?> Publication i86. Report Series. Vol. V, No. i. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF trustees FOR THE YEAR 191 5. # fHfc UHHmY Of- 8 HI: Chicago, U. S. A. -- >d2. 1942 January, 191 6. UNIVERSITY Of lUiNOli^ riflO MUiCUM 0> MATUHAL HlfTOKV RCPORTS, PlATf I. THE LATE NORMAS B. RLav An Incorporator antl Trustee of tl Field Museum of Natural History. Publication i86. Report Series. Vol. V, No. i. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR TO THE BOARD OF trustees FOR THE YEAR 1915. Chicago, U. S. A. fHfc IJBhAKV Ul- Hit January, 19 1 6. OEC 2 2 1942 UNIVERSITY Of Uimi^ /- /S \c\ j 5^ CONTENTS Page Board of Trustees 2 Officers and Committees 3 Staff of the Museum 4 Report of the Director 5 Maintenance 7 Publications 8 Mailing List 8 Library 9 Cataloguing, Inventorying, and Labeling lo Accessions 12 Expeditions and Field Work 19 Installation and Permanent Improvement 20 The N. -
Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118
Birds vs. Butterflies: Exhibiting Tropical Passerines and Lepidoptera in the Osher Rainforest Exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 The Osher Rainforest exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences houses a mixed species display of birds, butterflies, tropical plants, reptiles, fish, and amphibians in a spherical glass greenhouse. The exhibit was designed to house a diverse and naturalistic selection of species originating from rainforest habitats around the world; providing unique challenges for husbandry staff to successfully display a diverse selection of tropical Lepidoptera with insectivorous Passerine species chosen for exhibit. Photo 1: Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Photo 2: Heliconius hecale nectaring Introduction Displaying live tropical butterflies successfully with insectivorous birds naturally poses many challenges. Since opening in 2008, the species of exhibit butterflies remained relatively unchanged resulting in regular predation and fewer butterflies on display. In 2017, the exhibit underwent significant renovations to improve how visitors experienced live butterflies, creating opportunities to make changes to husbandry, improve the habitat, and try new species of butterflies at elevated numbers while maintaining compatibility with the existing bird collection. These changes aimed to increase the survivability and maximize the diversity of butterflies on display. New feeding -
Patterns of Genome Size Diversity in Invertebrates
PATTERNS OF GENOME SIZE DIVERSITY IN INVERTEBRATES: CASE STUDIES ON BUTTERFLIES AND MOLLUSCS A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph by PAOLA DIAS PORTO PIEROSSI In partial fulfilment of requirements For the degree of Master of Science April, 2011 © Paola Dias Porto Pierossi, 2011 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-82784-0 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-82784-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
Scientific Name Common Name Distribution, Notes Food Plant Family NYMPHALIDAE: 430 Species BRUSHFOOTS
Scientific Name Common Name Distribution, notes Food Plant Family NYMPHALIDAE: 430 species BRUSHFOOTS Subfamily Libytheinae: 1 species Snouts Libytheana carinenta mexicana American Snout Libytheana carinenta larvata American Snout NE Mexico Libytheana carinenta streckeri American Snout NW Mexico Subfamily Danainae: 6 species Monarch and relatives Anetia thirza thirza Cloud-forest King Lycorea halia atergatis Tiger Mimic-Queen "cleobaea" Lycorea ilione albescens Clearwing Mimic-Queen Danaus plexippus plexippus Monarch Danaus gilippus thersippus Queen Danaus eresimus montezuma Soldier Subfamily Ithomiinae: 36 species Clearwings and Tigerwings Tithorea harmonia hippothous Harmonia Tigerwing E Mexico Tithorea harmonia salvadoris Harmonia Tigerwing W Mexico Tithorea tarricina duenna Cream-spotted Tigerwing Aeria eurimedia pacifica Pacific Tigerwing Olyras theon Rusty Tigerwing Melinaea lilis imitata Mimic Tigerwing S and E Mexico Melinaea lilis flavicans Mimic Tigerwing NW Mexico Thyridia psidii melantho Melantho Tigerwing Mechanitis lysimnia utemaia Lysimnia Tigerwing Mechanitis menapis doryssus Menapis Tigerwing Mechanitis polymnia lycidice Polymnia Tigerwing Napeogenes tolosa tolosa Tolosa Tigerwing Hypothyris euclea valora Euclea Tigerwing Hypothyris lycaste dionaea Lycaste Tigerwing Ithomia leila Leila’s Clearwing Ithomia patilla Patilla Clearwing Hyposcada virginiana virginiana Virginiana Clearwing Oleria paula Paula’s Clearwing Oleria zea zea Zea Clearwing E Mexico Oleria zea diazi 'Rusted' Zea Clearwing W Mexico Ceratinia tutia (Mexican