The 1941 Gopher Peavey

Annual Publication of the Forestry Club, University of Minnesota T(f//y Sheet

PRELIMINARY CRUISE State Forests - 8 , Just Another Smokechaser - 12

THE ROTATION Mature Timber 14 Reproduction 18 Poles 19 Standards 20 Cover Types - 21 Overstory 24 Mixed Stand - 25

SURVEY RECORDS Freshman Corporation - 26 Bull of the Woods - 29 Junior Corporation 30 Foresters' Day 34 Pack Essay - 38

MANAGEMENT PLANS Forestry in Minnesota - 44 The Fit Forester 50 Home-Grown Foresters and the Minnesota Lumber Industry - 54 Some Northeastern Minnesota Farm and Forest Facts 59 The Forester - 62

FOREST INVENTORY Alumni Letters 64 Alumni Directory - 72

Illustrations On pages 5, 13 and 92 are used through courtesy of American Forests Magazine. Those on pages 11~ 43, 63 and 90 are used through courtesy of the Minnesota Conservation Department

[4)

fOl(EWOl(D

From an imbroglio of sweat, toil, and turmoil has developed the 1941 Gopher Peavey. Its theme may be categorized as "Minnesota Forestry" with an interspersion of humor, gaiety, and friendship-all con­ comitant qualities in student life.

With a hope and a prayer and a shout, we present to you this 1941 Peavey. May it serve as a bond of fellowship between students, alumni, and OUR school.

The 1941 PEA VEY STAFF DEDICATED to the

M1NNEA.POLIS _)A,, ~ ...D a..J I':::! 0 CID IJ::Q, dissociation ef Commerce

MINN EA.POLIS, MINNESOTA

This volume is dedicated to the Conservation Committee of the Junior Association of Commerce of the City of Minneapolis because of the valiant work they have already accomplished in behalf of conservation and more especially because they have been one of the few lay organizations to ignore the temptation to fritter away their energies on petty local demonstrations, and have devoted themselves wholeheartedly to the solution of the basic problems of conservation

• STATE FORESTS By H. G. WEBER

State Forests have been in existence for many years. This is a well known fact. But it is only recently that they harve been put under rather sound forestry principles of operation. In the future, no doubt, these forestry practices shall approach the intensity of operation and management that is needed. In this paper, H. G. Weber, present State Forester of Minnesota, ·discusses the establishment, the present-day management, and the future of State Forests in Minnesota.

In 1897 certain lands near the shore was the fact that many of our northern of Gull Lake were donated to the state counties found themselves in a state of of Minnesota by the Pillsbury interests, practical bankruptcy because of lands and in 1917 all of the state lands with­ forfeiting for non-payment of taxes. in the Superior and Chippewa National This situation led to the passage of Forests were set aside as state forests. legislation which provided some methods Thus, state forests were started in Min­ of organizing land use. First, an act was nesota. Since then, by legislative action, passed enabling the counties to classify additional forests have been established the land within the county on the basis until Minnesota now has 31 state forests of conservation or non-conservation uses aggregating a gross of 5,338,238 acres, and to adopt a zoning ordinance. Then, of which 1,335,170 acres are state own­ following the constitutional amendment, ed. enabling legislation was passed which The boundaries of most of the more provided for the exchange of lands be­ recently established state forests were de­ tween the state and the federal govern­ termined by two factors, the first being ment or the state and private individuals a concentration of state ownership in an for the purpose of consolidating con­ area, and the second being the presence servation lands in units which would lend in large quantities of lands within the themselves to better administration. area which were tax-delinquent to such Under the provisions of the zoning a degree that forfeiture to the state act three counties h~ve already classified would result. With land use in the nor­ their lands and have passed zoning or­ thern part of the state in a chaotic con­ dinances, namely Koochiching, Lake of dition, these factors were perhaps as the Woods, and Carlton; and five other good a guide as could have been used at counties have requested the aid of the the time. Since then great strides have Bureau of Agricultural Economics in been made in the cut-over region of Min­ making a preliminary survey for such nesota in the direction of planned land classification and the subsequent zoning. use. Since the method of zoning• involves The basic reason for the consideration meeting with the settlers, the township of the land use in an intelligent manner officers, and not less than two public

(8] hearings held by the county officers, Some of the accomplishments of the great interest has been developed CCC have been the construction of throughout Minnesota in planned land 1,269 miles of fire truck trails, ranging use. Many communities, especially those from single lane low service to double · .on the Iron Range, are very interested in lane high service; 1,964 miles of tele­ establishing community forests. Several phone line; the construction of 54 look­ counties are also interested in establish­ out towers and 222 headquarters, ware­ ing county forests. houses and other buildings; the planting State forests as established in Minne­ of 16,993 acres and the improvement sota were located by use of the best in­ of stand on 34,082 acres. Where fire formation available at the time of their hazards were greatest, fire hazard re­ establishment, but a definite pattern set duction work was carried on on 21,419 up by the people of northern Minnesota acres. has established the fact that while the Certain measures are before the legis­ state forests are in general well located, lative body now in session, most of them some of the boundaries should be chang­ in the form of amendments to existing ed. This should be done in order to con­ laws, which will greatly aid in the use of form with the land use zoning programs these laws for the development of con­ developed after intensive study by the servation areas set aside on a long-term people and officials of the northern basis for conservation uses. counties. As a concrete example of the applica­ The statement has been made, and tion of the laws for the purpose of con­ justly so, that the state forests are "paper solidation of areas, let us consider two forests". It is true that the boundaries examples of the areas set aside as state of the forests were arbitrarily established forests. The George Washington Forest and that the gross area was out of pro- boundaries ;is established encompass 20rtion to the land actually state owned. 341,440· acres. At the present time 28 This does not mean, however, that noth­ percent of this is state-owned, and 30 ing has been done within the boundaries percent is tax-delinquent to a point where established by the legislature to improve forfeiture will occur upon publication of the state lands along forestry principles. the proper notice by the county. Thus The fact is that by the use of labor made we would have 58 percent of the area available through federal relief agencies, state-owned and classified on a long-term such as CCC and WPA, state owned basis as conservation land. The federal lands within the established forest boun­ government has expressed :J. willingness daries have been developed to a point to purchase privately owned lands in where it is safe to say that forestry prac­ state forests to exchange with the state tices and accomplishments within state for state owned lands located within the forests are approximately 15 years ahead boundaries of national forests. Since of where they would have been had not there are 400,000 acres of state owned these federal agencies been available. lands within the boundaries of the Sup-

[9] erior and Chippewa National F9rests, ions of the state government that the it may well be assumed that the federal lands were set aside for conservation government could purchase such private purposes. lands within the George Washington One of the things it is important to State Forest which were more suited for avoid in the discussion of state forests is conservation purposes than for agricul­ the promise of great financial income ture and, by exchanging these purchases from the forest. A great percentage of for state owned lands within the national the area which will eventually be set ' forests, raise the holdings of the state aside for conservation purposes will con­ within the George Washington Forest sist of cut-over lands which have been to at least 80 percent of the total area. denuded to various degrees by logging Another example is the Pine Island and fire. It will take many years to bring State Forest. Here we find that 69 per­ the poorer classes of this land back into cent of the area, or 287,854 acres out forest production and to develop them to of the gross of 384,142 acres, is already a point where income from forest pro­ state owned and forfeiture through tax­ ducts will be produced. delinquency within that area will within The picture, however, is not wholly the next two years bring the state owner­ dark even on a financial income basis; ship well above the 80 percent mark. for we believe that by proper manage­ It is obvious, therefore, that the state ment timber sales cah be continued at lands within the areas designated as state the present volume without diminishing forests in Minnesota can be consolidated the available stand of timber. It has into large enough holdings to admit of been stated by several agencies making long term forestry management. Un­ investigations that the present cut of fortunately, up to the present time, state timber can be increased without dimin­ forests have been considered as some­ ishing the stand of thrifty timber. This thing apart from the people and com­ probably is a fact if the theory is applied munities of the areas in which they are only to a period of years which would located. This was· very unfortunate allow the cutting of the present mature since the success of a state forest is prim­ and over-mature stand. After that cut arily dependent upon its being woven in­ was made, we believe that sales would to the community needs and the com­ have to be adjusted downward to ap­ munity welfare. With the tremendous proximately the volume now being cut. interest that is being developed among the people in the problem of land use, it Of course the financial income from .is obvious that the state forests when timber grown on conservation lands consolidated to the extent indicated should be considered as only a very sm~ above will be a part of the communities. portion of the benefits of state forests or At that time every person in the adjacent any other conservation area to the people areas will feel that he has an interest in of the state. There are many factors the forest since it .was by action of the which cannot be measured in dollars and individuals themselves and the subdivis- cents, as can timber production, which

[ 10 J are an asset to the people of the state of not isolated to the extent that their oc­ Minnesota. Water conservation, cover cupancy becomes a burden upon the for game and wild life, and recreation, county because of road and school main­ are 0 nly a few of these benefits upon tenance. Certainly adjacent to all of which a monetary value is difficult to the forest areas are settlements which place. occupy lands suitable for agriculture and for which the county can maintain road We do not visualize the state forests and school facilities on their tax returns. as we propose to develop them in Minne­ The state forests will then be able to sota, as wilderness areas devoid of settle­ contribute to the income and welfare of ment and places which have no part in these communities. It is toward this goal the every-day life of the people of Min­ that we are aiming; and while consider­ nesota. We believe that settlement can able time and patience will be nece:>sary be maintained in a small degree on lands to accomplish this aim, we believe that within these areas when such lands are the results will be well worth while.

r 11 J JUST llNOTHE!( SMOKECHllSE!( By FRANK H. ANDERSON

When "Uncle" sends you out alone? The end is near; you hope you don't hear At first it ain't so bad. Any talk of a fire. You're planted down in a mountain home, When the telephone sounds, like a pack of hounds, And forget the times you'ye had. You wonder who's on the wire.

You gaze around for things to do, You sneak to the phone, chilled to the bone, And plenty meets your eye. And answer in quaYering 'Voice. You want the place to look like new, Yes, it's the ranger; but he says there's no danger; And you wade right in knee high. And you break right down and rejoice.

You clean up the grounds and mope around, Then one day you wake, with shi'Ver and shake, And put the joint in shape; And holler and jump up and down. Arrange your stock and tune the clock, The sky is all gray, like a dirty ash tray, And e'Verything is jake. And you act like a lunatic clown.

And then you find that the next in line, And comes the rain; it beats 'gainst the pane; Is to try your luck as cook. It hammers a tune on the shakes. If you want some bread, you scratch your head, It blows through the door, and drops on the f/.oor, And then consult the "book". And you sure lo'Ve the sound that it makes.

The bread is good; you knew it would; It rains for a week; it fl.oods lake and creek; And you pat yourself on the back. The trees are all laden with moisture. And then you bake some pie and cake, You lie on your back, in your cozy old shack, And munch it away by the sack. As snug as a shell-bound oyster.

You feel as snug as a bug in a rug, At last comes th'e time, when o'Ver the line, And whistle a merry ditty. Comes a message so clear and sweet: And think of the saps that li'Ve on scraps, "Wake up, you clowns-it's time to come down." And slai'Ve away in the city. And. you prance around on your feet.

Something is wrong; the summer's half gone, You pack up your junk, and roll up your bunk, And you lay around on your bunk. And thumb your nose at the weather. There's nothing to do; your time's half through; You dash from your nest like the "Pony Express" And your belongings ha'Ve dwindled to junk. And your heart is as light as a feather.

The nights are long; your gumption's all gone; You don't look around, but dash straight for town, And you curse and bemoan your fate. And you burn big holes in your socks. And you long for the time you'll leave this behind, You may be some stale, but you sure burn the trail; And commence to be pullin' your freight. And sparks f ctirly f/.y from the rocks.

You get pretty lazy; you dang near go crazy; You get to the town and wander around, You'Ye read till you're nearly blind. Oh-for maybe a week. All work you waiYe; you won't e'Ven shaYe; Then you wish you were back in your little old shack, And your hair is long behind. High up on that lonesome peak.

By FRANK H. ANDERSON, (Kootenai National Forest, Libby Dist., 1930)

[ 12] T/Je f(otation • • • Seniors

WILLIAM E. ANDERSON RonERT T. B1LSTEJN "-Ian" " Bob" Sr. Paul, Minncsora Foxboro, Wisconsin Ge11eral Foreslry General Forestry Forestry Club, Xi Sigma Pi, "M" Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Xi Sig­ Club, Hockey '39 - '41 , Jncra­ ma Pi, Gamma Sigma Delra, A l­ mural Sports, Foresters' Day Assn. pha Zera, Gopher 4-H , Intramural '41. Summer \Xlork: C.C.C. Camp a:hletics, Foreseers' Day Assn. '41. Sawbill '39. Like Srntes Forest Summer work: E.C.W. ' 37, S.C.S. Expc. Station '40. '38, Chelan National Forest '40.

MORRIS R. BLACKBURN "Blackie" MILNER L. ANDREWS Park Rapids, Minnesota " Mo11k" Central Forestry New Ulm, Minnesota Forestry Club, Tau Phi Delta, Commercial Lumbering Gobb!ers. Summer work: Minne· Forestry Club, U. of M . Band. sota Bljstcr Rust Control, Asst. District Agent ·34:40, M. F. S. Palo Markham fire ' 36.

JOSEPH M. APP ''Joe" A UGUST E. BLOCK Knife R:ver, Minnesota "Augie" General Forestry Durand, Wisconsin Forestry Club, Lodgers· League, Gmtral Forestry Peavey Staff, Treasurer '40, For­ Forestry Club, Alpha Zeta, Xi Sig­ esters' Day Assn. '41, Catholic ma Pi. Summer work: Chequame· Students Confraternity. Summer gon National Forest '37, Couer d' work: Weyerheauser Timber Co., A lene National Forest '40. Klamath Falls, ' 36, U .S.F.S., '37,'40.

]OHN N. BALLANTYNJl " ]olmny" R1CHARO w. DINGLE Portal, North Dakora "Dick" General Forestry Sc. Pnul, Minnesota Forestry Club, Voyage1.1rs, Intra­ General Forestry mural Athletics. Summer \'

ROBERT G. BARKOVJC "Bark" CLIFFORD E. EGELAND International Falls, Minnesota "Cliff" Game M a11agemen1 Minneapolis, Minnesotn Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Catholic Game Management Scudents Council '40-'4 l, Newman Forestry C lub, Game Managers' Club '38, Pioneer Hall Riffe Team Club, Football '37-' 38. Summer ' 39, Chairman Forestry Banquet work: Cloquet Forest Experimental '41. Summer Work: Minnesota and Starion °40. Ontario Paper Co. '40.

ma t ure er ARTHU R B, EUSTIS VERNON \VI. HAHN '"Art" '" Vern" Minneapolis, Minnesora Sr. Charles, Ulinois Gamt Managtmclll Gt11tral Foustf'y Forestry Club, Scnbbnrd and Blnde, Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Xi Sig· Cadet Officers' Club, Wildlife Man· mn Pi, Universiry of Illinois, '3 7 · agers' Club. Summer work: Na. '38, Foresters' Day Assn. '41. turnlist, Boys' Cnmp '39.'40.

ARTHUR E. HAUTALA \VIAR REN E . G11 .. 11£RTSON "' Art" "Gil" Brainerd, Minnesota Towner, North Dnkoca Gt11tral Forttlr'f Ra11g t Ma11agtmt11t Forestry Club, lnrrnmural athletics, Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Peavey 13asebnll. Summer work: U . S. F. Stnff '41. Summer work: U.S. D . S., Juneau, Alaska. A. Bureau of Pinnt Quarantine '40.

W1LLIAM R. GILES ''Bill" Nashwauk, Minnesota ELMER Y. HAUTALA Co111111acial L11mbui11g '"Hoot" Forestry Club, lntrnmurnl Bnsker· Brainerd, Minnesorn ball, Voyageurs. Summer work: Gwaal Forestry Chippewa Nntionnl Foresr '39, G. Forestry Club, I ntramurnl nhtlerics. E. Hall L1br. M ills, Walker. Minn. '40.

\'(./tLDERT A . GRAU PMAN ''Bill" W1LLJAM R. HosFrEr.. o Pinto, Minnesota ··Hosit" Co111111trcial l.11111btring Q,.,intonnn , Minnesorn Voyageurs, Forcstr-y Club, Foresters' Gt11tral Forn try Day Assn. '41, Bnscbnll, Penvey Forestry C lub, Voyageurs, Univer­ Srnlf '41 . si ty Chorus. Summer work: Sur· vcying, aerial map survey. AAA.

RooERT \VI. JoHNSON .. Bob" CHALMER w. GUSTAFSON "Gus'" Augusta, Wisconsin Duluth, Minnesota Gt11tral Fortstry Gmtral Fortstr-y Foresters' Day Assn. '41 , lntrn· Forestry Club, Foresters' Day Assn. mural nthlerics. Summer work: '41. Cloquet Forest Experiment Srotion '40.

mat ure t er THOMAS A. K LICH ''Clitk" HOWARD B. OSMUNDSON La Crosse, Wisconsin " ' Ot.~ie" Canu Mm1agtmer1/ Minneapolis, Minnesota Forestry Club, Wild Life Manag­ Range Ma11agtme11/ ers' Club, T nu Phi Delea, A g Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Sec. '41, Union Board '40-'41 , Gobblers, In· Y . M. C. A ., Associate Editor of tramural athletics, Foresters' Dny Peavey '4 1, Foresters' Day Assn. Assn. '41. Summer work: Lnnd· ' 41. scaping work '38-'40.

A LLEN E. LEE DouGLAS PARSONS "Zombit" '' Par s~" Miles City, Montana Minneapolis, Minnesota General Fore;lry General Forr;try Forestry Club, Gobblers, Tau Phi Forestry Club, Intramural athlecics, Delrn, Pi Phi Chi, Intramural Bas· Foresters' Day Assn. '41, Peavey keiball. Summer work: U . S. Staff '40-'41. Summer work: Life CMst and Geodetic Survey ' 37. Guard, ' 37-'41.

JoHN H . L1NOllllRG RANl)ALL J. PEAVEY " Lindy" ,.Ran" Minneapolis, Minnesota Grand Rapids, Minnesota General Forestry Game M a11agtment Forestry Club, Associate Editor of Forestry Club, Lodgers' League. Peavey '40, Foresters' Day Assn. '37-'40.

RonERT D. P ETERSON ''Pele" Minneapolis, Minnesota D ERWOOD F. LUDTKE General Foustry "L 11d" Forestry Club, Xi Sigmn Pi, Alpha Durand, W isconsin Zern, Gamma Sigma Delta, Vice· Ge11t ral Forutry President Forestry Club '41 , Pea­ Forestry Club, Xi Sigma Pi, Alpha vey Board '39, Peavey Scaff '40-'4 l , Zeta, Phi Delta Theca, Alpha Phi Editor Peavey ' 41 , Intramur;il 3th­ Chi, Y. M. C. A., Intramural :1th­ lerics, "Son of Paul" '41. Summer letics1 Photographic Editor Peavey work: Huron National Forest, Un· '41. Foresters' D ay Assn. '41. der Field Assistant '39, Under Ag­ rkufture Aid '40.

S EDGWICK C. ROGE RS CHARLES J. Mooni; "Sedge" " Bud'-' Chicago, Illinois Eau Claire, W isconsin Fores/ T uhnology General Forestry Forestry Club, Phi Delta Thera, Forestry Club, Intramural athletics. Grey Friar Sociery, Silver Spur Summer work: C. C. C. '33-'34, $ocie1y, Ag Student Council ' 38, Wisconsin Conservarion dept. '37. Cornmittee on Srndent Affairs •39. ' 40.

ma tu re er HARRY STROEDE EDWARD F. REXER J. '' Ed" "Strotbc" Minneapolis, Minnesota Appleton, Wisconsin Wood T ulmology Gtntral Fortstry Forestry Club, U. of M. Commons Forestry Club, Voyageurs, Forest· Club. Summer work: Northrup ers' Day Assn. '41, President Jun­ King and Co. ior Corporation '41. Summer work: \'(/isconsin Conservation Depr. '41.

JoHN V . RusP1No JOHN A. \'(/EllER " ]a

jOHN E. WISHART r'Jon" Wethersfield, Connecticut Gtntral Foustry Forestry Club, President '41, Voy· MILTON F. SKOGLUND ageurs, President and rreasurer '41 , "Skog" Alpha Zcca, Honor Case Commis· Ogilvie, Minnesorn sion '41 , Ag Student Council '41 , Gmaal Fortstry Chairman Foresters' Doy Assn. '41, Forestry Club, Tau Phi Deb, Peavey Staff '40-'4 I, Steward Fresh­ Gobblers, Intramural Arhletics. man Corporation '39, Steward Jun­ ior Corporarion ' 41, Intramural arhlctics, Recipient Little Red Oil Can '41. Summer work: U. of M. Division of Forestry '40.

MARVIN E. SMITH ''Smit1y" Sioux Ci ty, Iowa Gmaal Forestry NORBER1' A. ZAMOR Forestry Club, Xi Sigma Pi, Alpha ~' Ntbl' Zeta, Silver Spur, Pershing Rifles, New Brighron, Minnesota Ag Union Board '39-'4 I, Peavey G meral For est ry Staff '39-'41, Alumni Ediror '40, Forestry Club, Xi Sigma Pi, Alpha 0 Business Manager 41, Steward Zet:i, Intramural arhlerics. Junior Corporation '40. Summer work: Snoqualmie National Forcsr '39-'40.

WILl,IAM ZAUCHll, JR. EoL W. STAKSTON F. "Stak" f' Zd1uh" Bauderre, Minnesota Noonan, Norrh Dakota Commtr

ma t ure t i m b er Reproduction -- Freshmen

Bnck Row: Lechner, John Anderson. Fillmore, Nelson, Black, Linne, B. Gilbert, Fredrickson.

Center Row: Neff, \Xlaukechon, Olson, Peterson, Noble, L.1rson, Sorge, Connors.

Front Row: Miles, Medcalf, Bowen. Bryan, Bauck, Kemski, Shimek, E. Gilbert, Drake.

JoHN F. ANDERSON CARL A. FREDRICKSON 1-IARVEY M EDCALF

KENNETH M. ANDERSON RooERT C. FREY WILLIAM R. MILES

Ro11ERT BAUCK BRADBURY GILBERT EDWIN MOGREN

ARMIN BAUMAN EARL G1LOERT EDWARD NEFF

ROBERT L. BLACK AL0Ys1us GoeLOWSKY WILLIAM J . NELSON

GEoRGE BoRGERDING BERNARD GRANUM JOHN R. NOBLE

R1cHARD A. BossHARo WALTER GusEK 1-IOWARD E. OLSON

L E DELL Bowr;N RooERT C. GusTAFSON )AMES E. P ETERSON

RocrnRT 8REKK!i RALPH 1-IAUSLER DONALD P11:m cE

JOHN E. BRYAN GLENN F. joHNSON WILLIAM R EMPEL

NORMAN BRYANT RICHARD KEMSKI 1-IARLAN ROCKWELL

1-fARRY CARSKAOEN GEORGE KoRTIN FLOYD w. ROMAN

THOMAS CONNORS GEORGE A. LARSON EDWARD D. SHIMEK

PHILIP DAMKROGER Rov LECHNER NORMAN SORGE

RooERT DRAKE RICHARD S. LEE WARREN VoNc;

THOMAS ERTL JAMES LINNE JOHN WAUKECHON

WALTER FILLMORE Scon MATHESON RICHARD WILLIS

RoeERT A. McK1NSEY

[ 18 ] Poles -- Sophomores

Back Row: Prentice, Verba, Curcis, Marden, Nall, Winner, Chambers, Hall. Center Row: Maxson, French, R. Nelson, L. Nelson, Jacobs, C. Anderson, Lundblad. Front Row: Djerf, G. Deitschman, Erickson, H enkel, Esser, Davis.

JOHN ALLIE DALLIS GATES THOMAS NALL CLARENCE 0. ANDERSON WILLIAM GILES BERNHARD J. NELSON JosEPH R. A NDERSON PAU L GooDMONSON LOWELL 0. N ELSON G EORGE BAUMAN KEITH HA!,L RooERT F. NELSON EUGENE B ERENBACH WILLIAM D. HANNAY THEODORE c. NOROQUIST JoHN R. BERGERON DANIEL G. H ELMS G EORGE R. NELSON EARL H . BERNDTSON D ONALD H ENKEL MILTON PASTORNAK JoHN H. BROGAN RoBERT H owE B. CULVER PRENTICE LAWRENCE E. BROWN ROGER L. IVERSON EARL RooD DOUGLAS A. C HAMBERS RAY JACOBS CHARLES S CHLESINGER ROBERT E. CLARK G EORGE JAROSCAK RODNEY S CHUMACHER CHESTER E. CURTIS R UDOLPH KAJ ANDER G EORGE SHAW MAHLON DAVIS G EORGE KoBLER WALTER l. SoLSTAD GLENN DErTSCHMAN WILLIAM KRANTZ RICHARD c. STROMBERG WILLIAM DERX FRANK K uESEL STUART K. SWANSON HARVEY DJ ERF RALPH w. LAW ROBERT J. SWEITZER ROBERT E1KUM LEON LUNDBLAD CHESTER H . SWENSON STANLEY P. ERICKSON RICHARD MARDEN RoBERT VAN VoLKENBURG J EROME EssER GORDON MAXSON ROBERT BERBA DAVID FRENCH THOMAS MILNER L EE B. W INNER WILLIAM E. MITTON

[ 19 ] Standards -- Juniors

Back Row: C. Olson, Kalton, H allock, Kranz, B. Ntlson, Brogan, Allit. Front Row: O 'Ntil, Btrklund, Van Valken~rg , Goodmonson, J. Anderson, Armsrrong.

RALPH LEON ANDERSON VINCENT LINDSTROM

JosEPH APP LEONARD MAKI

jAY ARMSTRONG PAULL. MILLER

BRUNO BERKLUND BERNARD A. NELSON

MORRIS BLACKBURN CHESTER H. OLSON

GEORGFl FAHLSTROM GERALD O'NEIL

JosEi>H FOLEY NORMAN J. ORDAL

H IRAM HALLOCK RouERT 0. ROGERS

ARTHUR jANURA GLENN RoTEGARD

WILLIAM M. KALTON H OWARD STIEHM

RICHARD L. LAVINE

(20] Xi Sigma Pi

National Honorary Forestry Fraternity Founded al University of Washington-1908

Local Chapter-DELTA CHAPTER-1920

OFFICERS H ENRY HANSEN Fawlty Advisor MARVIN SMITH · Forester NORBERT ZAMOR Associate Forester A UGUST BLOCK Ranger, Sect.-Fiscal Agent

FACULTY MEMBERS J. H. ALLISON CLYOE CHRISTIANSON L. w. REES DWIGHT BENSEND FRANK KAUFERT c. 0. ROSENDAHL R. M. BROWN RALPH DAWSON T. SCHANTZ-HANSEN E. G. CHEYNEY HENRY HANSEN HENRY SCHMITZ

ASSOCIATE MEMBERS p. 0. ANDERSON R. M. CUNNINGHAM J. A. MITCHELL J. L. AVERELL s. R . GEVORKIANTZ J. R. NEETZEL

ACTIVE MEMBERS WILLIAM E . ANDERSON RAYMOND jENSON ROBERT D. P ETERSON ROBERT BILSTEIN BRUNO BERKLUND MARVIN E. SMITH AUGUST BLOCK DURWOOD LUDTKE NORBERT ZAMOR VERNON HAHN BERNARD NELSON

cover types Voyageurs

Back Row: W . Gilbemon, V. Lindstrom, B. Bilstein, V . Hahn, Anderson. Center Row: W . Grnupman, P. Goodmanson, B. Btrklund, W . Miles, H . S1roebe, J. Brogan. Front Row: H . Osmundson, J. Ballantyne, R. Barkovic. C. Florine, L. Lundblad.

Fores try Organization

Farnlty Advisor-DWIGHT BENSEND

OFFI CERS jOHN W1sHART Preside111

HOWARD STIZIHM V icc-Preside11t

HAllRY STROllllB Tret1s11rer

H owARU OsMUNUSON Secretary

RALPH ANDERSON W1LBERT GRAUPMAN joH N BALLANTYNE VERNON H AH N RooERT BAR1

cover types Tau Phi Delta

B.1ck Row: W. Parker, G. Kobler, R. Kajander, C. Prentice. Middle Row: W. Miles, J. Waukechon, Bnurnann, J. O 'Neil, Blackburn. Front Row: M. Skoglund, Thies, L. Dundas, Klich, Lee.

National Professional Fores try Fraternity Founded al U11i,,ersity of W ashi11 gto11-1924

Local Chapter-BET A CHAPTER-1926

FACULTY MEMBERS

R. M. BROWN HENRY SCHMITZ ']. H. ALLISON CLYOE CHRISTENSEN E . G. CHEYNEY L. w. R EES

ACTIVE MEMBERS

JERRY O'NEIL THOMAS KLICH RUDOLPH KAJANIJER MORRIS BLACKBURN G EORGE KOBLER M ILTON SKOGLUND EuGENE THIES CULVER PRENTICE WARREN PARKER ALLAN LEE GEORGE BAUMAN LES DUNDAS

PLEDGES

HARLAND ROCKWELL WILLIAM MILES A. BAUMAN WILLIAM NELSON joHN WAUCHECHON A. HENSLER R. STROMBERG

GRADUATE STUDENTS

B. F. KUKATCHKA D. BRINK P. S CHROEDER

Faculty Advisor- JOHN H. ALLISON cover types OVEl(STOl(Y FORESTRY FACULTY

j . H. ALLISON E. G. CHEYNEY L. w. REES

R. M. BROWN H ENRY ScH~1rrz, Chief of Div. F. H. KAUFERT

0. w. BENSEND T. SCHANTZ-HANSEN H . L. HANSEN

[ 24 J MIXED STAND

ROBERT P. PETERSON Editor wARREN GILBERTSON Associate Editor HOWARD B. OSMUNDSON Circulation Manager-Treasurer MARVIN E. SMITH Business Manager DAVE FRENCH Assistant Business Manager JoHN E. WtsHART Alumni Editor DuRWOOD LuDTKE Photographic Editor ToM NALL, DouG. PARSONS, BtLL GRAUPMAN, BRUNO BERKLUND Typists

The Staff wishes to express thanks to Dr. Ka14fert, E. G. Cheney, R. M. Brown, Elspeth Gurley, Doris Naeseth, and Harold Todd for their considerable aid in producing the 1941 Gop/1er Peavey

[ 25 J FRESHMAN CORPORATION ol 19'10 By LOWELL NELSON

We all hold the memory of l ta!Ca. A1 the yearJ go by, ive remember 11ot the hardships, the toil, a11d the worry; but we recall so vividly the ex(itement, the thril/J, a11d the 11 ovelty of our fir1t taste of the 1vood1. Lest yo11 forget, read the1e pages a11d then think. - of so long, long ago.

During the first five weeks of summer, the neo­ phytes of our forestry school labor and laugh at Itasca Park, our initiation grounds for practical training. Here at Itasca, the '40 Corporation was given the opportunity to apply their hrst basic fundamental principles of forestry techniques. Timber cruising, silviculcural study, entomology, ornithology, and botany were the orders of the day. Professor Cheyney opened this memorable session with his traditional ((welcome" speech, «Seay away from rhe local lassies, and all will be well". An­ tagonism between the local residents and the University students has always been high, and a few of the boys did absolutely nothing to ameliorate this condition. But this was uirasca" ! Silviculrure, as taught by Professor Cheyney, dealt primarily with forest type studies. Crown density, age classification, tree mixtures, flora, and soil composition - these were the basis of our struggle. " Pace out your boundaries- ten chains by one- and then study the type". Or perhaps, 1•Lay out a scrip, twenty feet long and one foot wide; then identify and count every darn species of plant life you can see" . Thus, did we learn! Our of a confused mass of trees and thoughts came forth some reason. It's only the basement, to be sure, bur it's well laid. Professor Cheyney is always liberal with confi­ dential 11 tips" as to the location of superior stands. A few of the less wary lads even believed chem, only to wonder, after explicity following his directions, why they should invariably end up in the wettest and most

[ 26] insect-infested swamp in the Park. Good old Cheyney! With his puttees and his shiny pants, he's really the king of all good foresters. Crys such as, "Chain - stick - stuck!" and, " D. B. H. 8 inches; height - 56 feet!" echoed and re-echoed through Itasca's monarchy of timber. Passing tourists did little more than tickle their scalps at these strange noises, never dreaming that they emitted from gesticu­ lating forestry students- students making their first attempts of applying field mensuration techniques. The measuring of tree diameters and heights, together with distances, was the object of their efforts. Prior to these days, it had been imperative to master the use of hyp­ someters, calipers, compasses, and chains. The pro­ verbial night cap consisted of office effort, so as to pre­ pare height and diameter curves, to planimeter your field maps, and to design the multitude of charts and tables. Herein, lied the composite nuculeus of Pro· f essor Brown's " pet" course. Brown's unerring aim with chalk particles pre­ vented even the most daring of the boys from trying to obtain a few extra winks of sleep during his long orations. In fact, all through the session, Brown's ukiller" tasks heckled the fellows. Many a good camp brawl, football, or baseball game was broken up early in the evening merely because of those confounded plagues termed mensuration reports. There is no doubt in any­ one's mind as to the "toughness" of his course. Upper­ classmen verify that it's the worst grind in the Univer­ sity. But, nevertheless, we all lived through it which again proves the 11stuff" these Freshman Corporations are made out of. Botany was engulfing; no other word accurately defines it, for we were required to identify all of the common trees, shrubs, and flowers in the Park. Gentle­ men named Johnson and Gorden, two super physical specimens, were the track stars who led the fellows on these grueling field marathon runs. Ancient Itasc~ mythology has classified them as Wingfoot and Path­ finder. It is to these men that the Freshman Corpora­ tion is indebted; for while on these botany trips, we all

[ 27 J absorbed the myriad of sights in the Yet others advocate that R.O.T.C. train­ Park in their full glory. Perhaps we ing was of great assistance. Maybe so, should say in their spasmodic glory, or for their chests were certainly well train­ that which was caught as the boys ed. And it worked too. rushed on in vain pursuit of those fleet­ All too soon, the sun was immersing footed instructors. Boy, how they could in Itasca Lake for the last time. The go! '40 Corporation was soon to be history. Entomology, a glorified synonym for The moon crept up large and round and bug science, also played a role at Itasca. luminous, casting a cold and lonely light Students were required to collect and over the tree tops. We all remembered classify the various forms of common in­ those nights of sweat and turmoil. But sect life in the park. Mr. Hodson, chief we also remembered the fun - those of the bug-chasers at Itasca, instructed nights of song, those days of pleasant this course; under his capable tutelage warmth, and those moments of real hap­ everyone in camp became an expert. piness. The foundation of true friend­ Soon, bug-chasing became a universal ship had been laid and laid firmly. For sport around the buildings. Many of that, we are deeply grateful, and we are the passing tourists were tempted to call also grateful for our foundations as real for strong-armed men and straight jack­ foresters-our first taste of a woods­ ets after seeing their grotesque antics. man's day. But slowly, their collections mounted until each fellow proudly presented the boss with his exhibits. My, but they were elegant. Gorgeous butterflies, love­ ly nymphs, shiny woodborers, and wet t feet! Ornithology, or the bird study if you persist, was the nemesis of a good many of the lads. We all are thoroughly con­ vinced that Mickel had possession of Superman's ear drums. He could hear more birds in one minute than I'd ever heard in all my life. When he asked, uDid you get that one?" and we said uYes! A crow, wasn' t it?", it was very embarassing to discover that they do have loons on Itasca Lake. Some mention should be made of the last course of instruction--camp man­ agement. We all realized that the only way to get an

[ 28] BULL OF THE WOODS By FRANK "Porky' ANDERSON, 'JI

Yes, the name fits him well He thunders and bluffs Where'er he may dwell, And blunders and muffs And it's one that you'll ne'Yer forget. Every job that befalls his lot. It comes down through time He don't e'Yen know From some ancient line How to back up or go And it fits to a "T" you can bet. For the brain that he's got ain't so hot.

With steamboats for feet When he hears the cook yell And a nose like a beet, Or bang on the bell, And hair flying loose in the breeze; He'll tear with a speed to surprise you A pair of wild eyes Through the door of the shack Like a sudden surprise Like a bloodthirsty pack And skin like the bark on the trees; Of bloodhounds that shagged poor Eliza.

With a pair of big hands He'll dash to the table, Like ten pound hams Scoop up a ladle And arms that hang down to his knees, And gargle his soup in a flash. A pair of bow-legs He'll clean up the beans, Like the sta'Yes on kegs The spuds and the greens, And a map like a hunk of Swiss cheese; And boy-how he murders the hash.

His clothes are all worn He eats enough chuck And tattered and torn To fill up a truck And the boots th,at he wears are a scream. And tops off with a cake or a pie. His hat tops his head Then he'll rise to the floor Like the roof on a shed And stroll out the door Or a cork on a jug if you please. With a hungry look in his eye.

The tobacco he smokes In the bunkhouse at night, Just smothers and chokes He sure is a sight EYery "Jack" that gets within range; When he crawls up into his bunk. And the bowl of his pipe The sound of his snore Sure smacks of the type Shakes the roof, walls and floor That's sadly in need of a change. Till the shack looks like it were drunk.

To hear him bawl Yes, the name fits him well At the old cross-haul, Where' er he may dwell, You'd swear you were in the war. And it's one that you'll ne'Yer forget. His trap opens wide It comes down through time Like the Yery inside From some ancient line Of a barn that's minus a door. And it fits to a "T" you can bet.

The Yery trees quake He's got plenty of bulk­ And shiYer and shake The big windy hulk, When his bazoo swings into action. And he's full of "I ams, cans, and coulds''. Yea, eyen the ground When you'Ye read thru this all, Fairly jumps up and down You'll not wonder they call So the "Cats" can't eyen get traction. This boza the "Bull of the Woods".

A forester turned in the following answer on one of Brown's logging quizzes: "Scissor-like poles use-d to determine the direction of fall of a tree are called pigaroons."

[ 29 J SPl(/NG llT CLOQUET--19'10 By LLOYD G/LlMOHE

If there be one era i11 the life of a st11de11t forester at the U11iversity of M i1111esota which may be clauified as "broade11- i11g", that era 0«11rs d11ri11g the 1pring of his ) 1111ior year. For the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station offers experience in enry se111e of the word. To reali~e the significance of this statement, simply absorb the co11tent of the following discourse.

I have wrillen the tale of our life For a 1heltered peopft.s mirth, In ju ting guise-but ye are wise, And ye know what the jest iI worth. R UDYARD KIPLING

This corporation all started one day when Pro­ fessor Allison decided it was about time that the boys going to Cloquet should choose for themselves some officers and start getting things lined up for a hard spring. So saying, he called the group together, laid down what law he wanted known, and turned the meet­ ing over to the boys to pick out a President, Steward, and Secretary-Treasurer. With a decided lack of poli­ tics, campaigning, and even less of Robert's rules, Gill­ more was selected as prexy, Smith as steward, and Ken Peterson as secretary-treasurer. Not good, but willing anyway. During the ensuing two or three weeks, the grub was arranged for, funds collected, cabin groups ar­ ranged, and brush attire assembled. There wasn't much snow and what there was was disappearing fast, much to our disappointment- we all knew it was more fun to cruise knee deep in wet snow. Well, as far as the records go, the first two to arrive at the Experiment Station were the steward and president, who pulled in a few days early to get a fire started in the bathhouse. Incidentally, while waiting for it to get going (over the weekend) the two boys muscled some two and one-half tons of food supplies from the dining room of the mess hall down onto the shelves in the basement. On checking the invoice, every­ thing was accounted for but the twenty pound box of candy which the steward thought he had gained for the

[ 30] corporation at no cost-by special something or other. I wonder what ever happened to that little item. When the final count of recruits was made, on the first Monday morning, there were just an even thirty­ eighc men. Even counting those in the Foreseers' Cabin who didn' t count, as evidenced by the adding machine which they dragged along. Thirty-eight men- but good men, arriving in all shapes of conveyances from pol­ ished sedans driven by escorting parents to such fugi­ tives from yards (you know the kind) as was pushed in by half of the members of Poker Flat (the other half riding). K. P. assignments were scheduled for the quarter and strange as it may seem, little if any kicks of protest were made. Credit for this must be given to the "Queen of the Camp," that lady who needs no more introduc­ tion to Minnesota Foresters than does Professor Chey­ ney-Mom Watkins. The only things you could write about Mom would sound trite-the things about her that really count you can't find out without knowing her and then you can't forget them. The way everyone felt about her might be illustrated by the fact that Condit (he, the bashful) felt so much at home chat he didn't even blush when Mom caught him in his scanties when she brought over some hot lemonade for Bilstein who was freezing to death under 2 comforters, 4 wool blan­ kets, 4 cotton blankets, 1 sheet, and everyone's over­ coat. Although Mom's courses in cribbage, menu mak­ ing and assisting in the kitchen were not scheduled in the bulletin of courses, they were duly appreciated. As assistant to Mom, Irene Maki did a bang-up job. Management studies were first on the academic schedule, with Professor Allison exposing the fellows to the ingredients of a management plan. Dr. T. Schantz-Hansen presented a very realistic and interest­ ing history of the station and advised the boys regarding the "do's" and "don'cs" of the station itself. When the preliminary lectures were completed and the weather was warm enough - as evidenced by nu­ merous skunks being seen wandering about - the men were given their equipment and sent forch to cry their hand at establishing what was present on the four 40's

(31] each crew was assigned. From this point considerable singing en route, from the on it was every crew for itself-both in back end of the station truck, yet the the field and in the after dinner discus­ townspeople made no formal complaint sions of the day's activities. Great tales and the only repercussion was a lot of of accomplishment began to mature sore throats. until you couldn't believe a word you Next came the Soils course under Dr. said-and you had to say them or be McMiller. Weigh sand, dry it in the lost in the din. oven, weigh it again, don't spill it; draw Although the snow was hardly deep pictures of various crystals; dig peat from enough to show tracks, it was not un­ the bottom of the swamp when that on common to run across a certain young top is just as wet and cold; make holes fell ow from Durand, Wisconsin (his in the ground at the nursery; dig a pit name begins with a B) mushing through to sit in while you draw the horizon (ask all two inches of it-just to keep in prac­ any forester why) ; make acidity tests; tice (it says here). Auggie was all right throw white powder on the ground to get though and plays a great game of base­ green grass-these were but few of the ball. requirements of the course, with a report Shortly after' the cruising was started covering each project. Dr. Hatfield arrived and explained what About this time the rest of the thirty­ was to be accomplished in the Game eight boys gave up and admitted their Management course. Those things that utter inferiority at the table in favor of so many of us had regarded as just that triple threat from Eveleth (reaching, "stuff" to be avoided, especially when stabbing, and downing) , that wrestler of reclining on the forest floor for lunch, no mean ability, you have it-Hungry now became prized "sign." Rare and Hank Usenick. His lone ability would prized specimens became the center of make a Tinker to Evers to Chance com­ great bartering, and in some cases it was bination look sloth-like. rumored that pilfering might have been Little should be said about the thin­ practiced. A pair of fine young Great ning operations carried out for Professor Horned Owls, subdued by one of the Cheyney' s Silviculture course because so stalwarts of the Foresters' cabin, were much arguing was done on the ground placed in a cage in the front yard and that in the end no one knew just what served as a convenient medium for meet­ method he had conformed to. Suffice it ing many of the Sunday travelers, cyclists to say that Doug Parsons was the wildest and equestrians. "Nebs" Zamor brought man with an axe and Tony Squillace in a fine porcupine and capitalized very came out second best in his encounter profitably on his continued supply of with a saw. "sign". One of the highlights of the quarter Trips were made to the Wood Con­ was the trip to Cass Lake, to view the version Co. plant and to the Northwest skeletons of those of the previous Cor­ Paper Mill in Cloquet for educational poration who lost in their struggle purposes. Both trips were marked by against nature in the spring of 1939. ( (32] . l ' Silent prayers were offered for those never did get over the rooking he got on braves-and the Corporation carried on his "blind-date". But it was fun. in its study of "How To Stop Sleet These were but a few of the mention­ Storms in March So You Won't Have ables that we of the 1940 corporation en­ Salvage Work To Do" or "How Far joyed. Much could be written but you Will A Jack Pine Bend?" The Forest couldn't publish it so why write it. For Service and Camp officials made the stay instance: you couldn't say what Charley on the Chippewa a very enjoyable one Larson said when he fell off the beaver and many saw for the first time the prac­ dam into the pond; you can't describe tice of forestry principles. the girls Warren and Pete took home The annual Foresters' Dance at Clo­ from Kings; tell the story that Ken Pet­ quet was a howling success, with nearly erson told about his early morning af­ every forester in attendance, in addition fairs; you couldn't describe how friends to many guests and lady friends. The of the steward and president burst into affair was dedicated to Mom and she en­ Shang-Ri-La at 2:30 in the morning and joyed it. A dating bureau was establish­ the officers' weak explanation. It just ed well in advance of the evening thru isn't done. It would also be hard to the generous assistance of Mrs. Schantz­ write what the boys from the new cabin looked like every Sunday morning or Hansen and the results were indeed grat­ why; you couldn't say where you'd seen ifying. Some very lasting friendships Mike Latimer or who he was with; why were established-some lasting until 6 Egeland was away every weekend but o'clock the next morning we are told, one, or when he did his washing isn't with some of the veterans who should really known-all these things could be have known better thumbing back to talked of but not written. camp from Minneapolis. Everyone en­ With all its fun, the corporation pros­ vied Ross Donehower (who was still at pered and paid a sizeable refund. Tra­ the station because he forgot to go home ditions were carried forward another the year before and because-well you year and of most importance the compet­ can't blame him with a girl like that) itive academic spirit so necessary ·to because he knew so many nice people learning, manifested itself in the work and she danced nice too. "Gil" and accomplished and in the spirit in which "Skog" played wolf again while Pete it was done.

Chips Much confusion and many heated arguments develop over the selection ·of a queen-especially a Home Ee queen. This controversy was present to the "nth" degree at our recent Foresters' Day election. But a forestry senior aptly expressed the clinching expression when he stated, "Boy, that Gorder gal for me! Did you see those 'pins' perform when the photographer came in?" Yes, we must agree-what shafts!!

(33 J FO!(ESTE!(S' DAY, 19'11 By DOUGLAS PAKSONS

January 18, an unimportant date to the ordinary student, was of great significance to any Forester; for thereon was staged our 1941 Foresters' Day. Com­ mittees - for exhibits, for publicity, for contests, for refreshments, for dances, and for what-not - were organized so as to engender the proper nucleus and spirit. But a multitude of difficulties were encountered with finances leading the list and obtaining "main cam­ pus" publicity running a close second. Although For­ esters are not, as a whole, influential in the Daily' s inner circle, the problem was solved by "our friends"-the «main campus" engineers. Rumor has it that the en­ gineers, seeking to degrade the high ideals of che For­ esters, proceeded artistically to paint both water towers on the farm campus with the words, «FORESTER'S DAY, ]AN. 18". Now from all ulterior views, it would appear that the Foresters stooped to this ignominious method of advertising; but how could any forester misplace an apostrophe, and also how could any forester execute such perfect lettering? Their ruse evidently succeeded, for the University authorities got awfully provoked and sec the deadline for the removal of the paint at 5 P. M. on che same day. However, the Foresters, noted for their dexterity and purpose, removed the paint with time to spare - and with a hope that they might en­ counter those "in-ga-neers" in the near future. Following tradition, an election was held for a Daughter of Paul, Son of Paul, and Uncle of Paul. Apropos of beautiful gals, none could compare to che aspirants for our «Daughter" . The choice was indeed a difficult one to make; but, after decided campaigning, Marion Gorder was the recipient of this honor. Hon­ ored as Son of Paul was Robert D. Peterson, and to complete the clan, Professor R. M. Brown was elected Uncle of Paul. The Day was dedicated co Dr. Louis Rees - a professor we all respect and admire. " Chips"

[ 34 } Rees has often walked off with the prizes in our chop­ ping and sawing contests. He also deserves a prize for artistic osculations. Oh, Oh! With the thermometer at 20° below zero, the activi­ ties began! First in line was the traditional bean feed in the Ag. gym. Even the stately Dean Blitz, Dean of all University women, was present; and she proved her­ self to be a Dean in all respects. We salute her! After too much food, all retired to the auspices of Green Hall where the dedication of the Day was made. Immedi­ ately following, a very interesting and humorous lecture was given by Tom Kelly, lecturer for the Minnesota game and fish department, who maintained a running commentary on sketched scenes pertaining to conserva­ tion. Walter Breckenridge, curator for our new Mu­ seum of Natural History, concluded the indoor pro­ gram with a motion picture entitled, ''Game Through the Season." After adjournment to the contest field, Miss Gorder was crowned Daughter of Paul with the usual addition made. Dr. Rees gladly repeated his amorous gesture several times for photographs. And who wouldn't, if he were in that same position! Chopping, sawing, pole climbing, skiing, snowshoe­ ing, broom hockey, chain throwing, ax throwing, and a tug of war - these represented rhe contests of the day. A public-address system was the means for super kibitzing and booming announcements by the Chairman of the Day, John Wishart. Music was supplied to the tune of "Java Jive" and "Show Me the Way to Go Home." And may we say the latter was much more appropriate. Guess why! Since it was our usual luck to have the temperature at 20° below zero, everyone, including Professor Chey­ ney with his 30 pound sheepskin, congregated around the large bonfire in the center of the field. Consequently, along with the wonderful heat, everyone absorbed great quantities of wood smoke on his clothes. This state­ ment may be better emphasized by a little incident that happened to one of the boys just before the formal

(35 ] dance at the Nicollet hotel that evening. "awards", too. Mr. Brown's clamor was This upstanding forester had entered a productive while Pete was a little reticent florist's shop to purchase a corsage for after all. He should have been, with his the girl of his dreams, probably a blind gorgeous girl friend staring him in the date. While he was waiting for the cor­ eye. sage to be made up, another gentleman When the dance terminated, everyone entered the store and after a little snif­ departed - for where, no one knows. fling bought some flowers. During an But they didn't all go home. Seems that ensuing conversation, he asked the clerk, Nebs Zamor and Marv Smith were gone in all sincerity, whether or .not they sold until all hours, studying, astronomy, I any of that smoked fish he had been . suppose. And no one knows what hap­ smelling. Before an answer could be pened to Howie Osmundson! given, the forester received his corsage Thus another Foresters' Day had end­ and quietly departed, taking the delicate ed. For some, this was the last of such aroma with him. happy occasions. For others, this was However, in spite of this distinctive but a beginning. Speaking for those of "he-man" aroma, the dance went off us who are leaving school, we find it · beautifully - for most of us, at any hard, indeed, to leave all this behind. rate. Old friends met and new friends All this fun, hilarity, and friendship! were made. In fact everyone seemed Gatherings with such bonds of fellow­ ultra friendly. Peculiar what that stuff ship are rare indeed. For myself and can do! During the intermission the for all in our class of 1941, I may say Daughter of Paul presented awards to that Foresters' Day is a celebration to the contest winners. R. M. Brown and be cherished forever in our minds and Bob Peterson kept clamoring for their in our hearts. May it always live on!

Chips

We have heard it breathed around that the present crop of foresters are a bunch of softies; so we would like to attempt to refute this misconception. The present forester just goes in for high class brawling such as the Golden Gloves, the All Fraternity, and the All University boxing matches. For in­ stance in the All Frat match, foresters, Gordy Maxson, Doug Chambers, and Tom Partridge came out first in their respective classes; in the All University matches they did nearly as well, for Tom took the division for the third con­ secutive year (he also won the N. ·w. Golden Glove championship as a heavyweight though he has never been more than a lightweight). The Division of Forestry has also supplied most of the freshmen wrestling coaches in recent years in the persons of Norm Borlaug, Bob Zabel, and Lief Lie. The foresters are not as crude and direct in their dealings with wayward engineers and such; when the engineers came over to paint our water tower for Engineers' Day, a few of the boys and a squad car showed them the error of their ways. But then perhaps an old-fashioned reception would have made a more lasting impression on the engineering mind (?) than a night in the jug.

(36} Chips

Some time ago, in 1939 to be exact, Bob Schoensee wrote an article for the Peavey, entitled, "The Log of the Forestry Club Stops Rolling." At this time we are happy to report that the log of the forestry club is rolling again. This pleasant state of affairs is almost solely due to the initiative and drive of the Sophomore Class. These lads really get behind an affair and push it through to a successful climax. No matter what the task, they're willing to attempt it. Last year the Forestry Club held three dances-the Peavey­ Minnecon Dance, the Foresters' Ball at the Nicollet Hotel, and the Timber­ bug Twirl. The Annual Bonfire was carried through in excellent fashion; and, of even more importance, the Student-Alumni-Faculty Banquet was re­ sumed after a lapse of a year. More than a hundred were in attendance for this gathering. Under Doctor Schmitz's expert toastmastership, the laughs were many and not far between. Each speaker burst through with something novel and interesting. And even though most of the fellows had trouble using the correct knife and fork, the banquet may be surely termed a success.

Even with the enrollment decreasing, it is safe to say interest in the For­ estr:y Club is increasing. Since this is an institution of student unity, may its ties grow stronger forever.

The Foresters' Annual Bonfire was again held in Shorty Roe's surveying pasture-even though Joe Finnegan's elaborate map, showing the location of " cords and cords" of firewood, proved to be nothing but a dream. Or else we can't read maps.

Under "Stinky" Anderson's bass guidance, the fellows led loose with some beautiful singing, and it didn't concern Indian maidens. Following this, Chairman, Doug Boardman, introduced the faculty members to our new Freshmen. To get into the spirit of things, each of the usually austere Profs. told his favorite story. Because of both space and ethical reasons, they can't be printed in such a solemn book as this. Stories of summer: exper:ience, of Cloquet, and of Itasca, were sources of fond memories for all of us. Refresh­ ments helped the evening to settle smugly; and as the last embers of the fire dwindled to nothingness, many of us thought of the future-of the uncer­ tainty, of the war, of our careers, and of our friends. This annual affair is now something traditional; it's a unifying device between all undergraduate students and our faculty. May it always be so.

[ 37] FORESTRY AND NATIONAL DEFENSE By ROBERT D. PETERSON

The GoPHER PEAVEY is an appropriate place to reprint the winning Pack Essay for 1941. "Forestry and National De­ fense," by Robert D. Peterson, was placed first among the fourteen essays submitted for this year's contest. The essay was one of several which discussed the responsibilities of the forestry profession in the national defense program. Mr. Peterson has brought out clearly the scope and importance of forestry in modern warfare at the same time that he has stressed that cardinal principle of the forestry profession­ long-time planning and conservation. Miss THURSTON, Section of Rhetoric

What place has forestry in national are either engrossed in the most destruc­ defense? Before attempting to answer tive war of all time, or they lie in wait­ this question, it is imperative that we fearful of the pending developments. qualify the term-forestry. Most Ameri­ Behind the front line scenes beat the can citizens have a completely erroneous hearts of these nations-the people, their impression of its meaning. They believe activities, their industries. Wheels grind that foresters perform only three duties faster and faster as voices clamor for, -plant trees, protect these trees from "More output, greater production, more fire, and finally log the mature crop. speed, more products." Never before "An enjoyable outdoor occupation for has there been such tension, for the those who prefer that sort of thing." giants of defense are gigantic and relent­ And they wonder, "Forestry in national less. One man, one industry, or one re­ defense?"!! source seems to be but a bagatelle. And Forestry is a recognized profession. our forests? How do they ameliorate A profession now requiring five years our country's plight? of study in our leading universities. Too many of us view defense prepa­ Graduate foresters are responsible for rations only in terms of smoke and fire, the management and perpetuation of in terms of ships and planes, and in vast timbered lands stretching from terms of men and guns. But let us stop Alaska to Mexico, from Labrador to and ponder a moment. Our forests rank Florida. Their profession cannot be de­ as one of the greatest natural resources fined in any one sentence nor in any one on the North American continent. In paragraph; for it is as engulfing as the all stages, from tiny seedlings to awe­ sea-encompassing any or all activities inspiring monarchs, they extend over upon potential or actual wooded land, endless areas of mountains, hills, and whether that land be desolate or pop­ plains. Wood and wood products from ulated, arid or swampy, barren or heavily these forests are indispensable. This forested. fact, widely recognized in peacetime, is The entire world is in a state of tur­ especially true during war emergencies moil; for all of the nations on this earth as illustrated by the statement in the

[38] German paper, Vorwaerts, "To be with­ somewhat over 1,000,000 men in the out wood in time of war is almost as bad army at any one time, buildings must be as being without bread." Many authori­ constructed that will cover an aggregate ties agree that Germany's invasion of area of 59 square miles. Even withstand­ Poland was principally to acquire access ing the cantonments' needs, there must to Poland's vast forest resources. This be lumber for the homes of workmen, is easy to believe when we know that for the other varied wartime uses, and Goering, in his famed four-year plan, all this to be in excess of the ordinary rates the forests of Germany as their sec­ peacetime requirements. · ond most valuable natural resource. In According to most authoritative a similar manner, the forests in our sources, the ultimate victor in the present United States are invaluable, for they world struggle will be so acclaimed due stand ready to serve a multitude of uses to her supremacy in the air. Here again, in our defense preparations. _ wood and wood products shall be a de­ With the passage of the Selective ciding factor in that supremacy. Service Act, the mobilization and train­ During the last World War, Sitka ing of a huge American army began. For spruce was in great demand for the air­ this program, wood in the form of struc­ craft industry - for struts, for pro­ tural lumber is needed and needed pellors, for wing ribs, and for fuselages. dearly. Lumber is a necessity for bar­ Today, this same species of tree is util­ racks, for hospitals, for dining halls, for ized in the construction of training ships. garages, and for recreation centers. It This may seem insignificant; but when is required for mine props, for ship we consider the multitude of planes that decks, for wharves, for docks, and for will be needed, the value and usefulness bridges. During the last World War, of this wood may be comprehended. over 6,000,000,000 board feet of lumber Research at the Forest Products Lab­ were utilized by the United States Army oratory in Madison, Wisconsin, has alone. Some idea of the magnitude of opened entirely new fields for wood this amount may be gained by the fact products in the aircraft industry. Dur­ that this is sufficient material to construct ing the present industrial surge, these a boardwalk one inch thick and twenty­ new developments are certain to gain two feet wide around the earth at the prominence. Experiments in fabrication equator. During the present emergency, with resin glues are showing great prom­ the lumber consumption will undoubt­ ise of being useful for the wing and edly be as great. In the event of the fuselage covering of airplanes. Plywood, United States' entry into the War, the due to this improvement in our glues, is consumption will be enormous. also to play an important role. The For­ Statistics show that 17 ,000 soldiers est Products Laboratory can now mold will require buildings covering one plywood into practically any form de­ square mile. The present plan is to mo­ sired. In addition, they report a new bilize and train 4,000,000 men during synthetic resin treatment of wood - a the next three-year period. Thus, with treatment which may find use in more

(39] efficient propellor construction; for it has fourth of the total consumption of tex­ been shown that such wooden propellors tiles in Germany is in the form of rayon; are better able to withstand the high and that rayon is derived from cellulose, speeds of our modern pursuit planes. wood cotton, and wood wool. This was Munitions and explosives are the me­ reported by Coleman in his article, diums of deaths in wartime. We are not "Wood in Modern Warfare." He also puzzled over this statement, but we do made the statement that about 20 per wonder as to the relationship of wood cent of the wood wool used in Germany to bombs and bullets. during the past five years has been used Chemically speaking, wood is com­ in their army uniforms. Imagine, woolen posed of three substances, each one sol­ uniforms partially made out of wood! uble in a specific chemical solution. They Food shortages appear wherever there are termed cellulose, lignin, and pectin. is war. Amazingly enough, a sugar de­ Of these three compounds, cellulose is rived from wood may now be used as the most important and useful to man. a food material for animals. With suf­ During peacetimes, cellulose is used for ficient refinement it is actually fit to be a miscellany of items including paper, consumed for human nourishment. Such cellophane, rayon, and plastics of all astounding discoveries exemplify the kinds. During wartimes, ceUulose be­ place of wood and forests in our de­ comes much more sinister but also much fense systems. We can see that many more vital; for it is used as guncotton for of the wood products used today were tri-nitro cellulose. Th1t Germans use this unheard of during the last war. One wood cellulose as the main constituent may daresay that they were undreamed of their high propellent explosives. of. Progress in wood technology and Mixed with the cellulose are wood alco­ research has been the cause in the past hol and other solvents. Solvents that and shall be the cause in the future of are derived from fermented sugar which such new developments. For with all is produced from wood. due consideration, we may safely say Dynamite was invented by Alfred that derived wood products unheard of Nobel in 1866 when he mixed nitro­ today will serve in the defense of glycerin with sawdust. This deadly nitro­ America tomorrow. glycerin may be derived from harmless Only recently, an entirely new plastic glycerol which may now be obtained was discovered. This plastic, which is from ordinary wood. No doubt as wood · as inexpensive as any other similar ma­ technology progresses, new and even terial, can be molded into instrument more astounding chemical uses will panels, dial knobs, switchboards, and emerge into common knowledge. the other innumerable articles used in As stated before, the Germans value the communication systems of both wood as their second most important and branches of our armed forces. Strange vital natural resource. That nation fully to be true, but this plastic is made from realizes the multiple economic uses of mere sawdust and other former waste wood as evidenced by the fact that one- material.

[ 40) The Forest Products Laboratory also of raw materials. But this is not neces­ reports that a new use has been discov­ sary, for with proper management the ered for lignin, one of the three com­ forests in the United States are more ponents of wood. The improved lignin than ample to supply both the quality may now be used in storage batteries and quantity of timber desired. where it is incorporated with the nega­ Also due to a reduction in imported tive battery plate. This fusion enables · products, the essential chemicals may the battery to maintain its maximum become scarce; but here again wood may power during zero weather four times be used for the derivation of a multitude as long as formerly. And lignin was a material which not so long ago was con­ of compounds including alcohol, ace­ sidered absolutely worthless. tone, acetic acid, mannitol, sorbitol, and Poisonous gases and smoke to be used glucose. in smokescreens are both being produced Only a few of the uses of wood and from acetic acid which is another wood wood products have been mentio~ed product. Rosin is said to be used in the above. No mention was made of the use construction of heavy shells where it is of black walnut for gun stock~, of the employed to fill the spaces between the use of wood fibers in parachute construc­ shrapnel so that the deadly missiles will tion, of the use of turpentine in flame be more evenly distributed in all direc­ throwers, of the use of cellulose acetate tions when the shell explodes. But wood in photographic film and shatterproof with all its multiple characteristics is also glass, or of the· use of wood products used to counteract death, as evidenced as fuel for gas engines, trucks, and trac­ by the fact that the life-saving filter in tors. Indeed, it should require a book gas masks is made from common wood to have a list of wood uses in complete pulp. form. But that is not our object; for, Wood pulp for newsprint and other remember, we only wished to point out paper is a necessity in our every-day life. how the forests enter into the defense At the present time, it has the additional preparations. feature of being pressed into containers Trees require long periods in which to for cartridges, shells, and food products. mature. The rotation of our common Such a statement appears unemphatic in timber types is from one to three times itself, but the quantities of timber need­ as long as the normal life span of a ed for this one purpose are tremendous. human being. Thus, a timber crop can­ From all directions - by ship, by rail, not be raised over night. We must re­ by truck - logs come to the mill to be alize this fact; and, consequently, recog­ ground into pulp. Each year millions of nize that it is imperative to practice con­ cubic feet of timber go into these paper tinuous rather than spasmodic forestry. products. During war emergencies, with In the past, our forest wealth had been the requirements greater than ever, the taken too much for granted. All but a quantity of imported pulp and paper is few "cynical" individuals had believed reduced, with the net result of ·a shortage the forests inexhaustible. At the present [ 41] time, we behold the forest destitution only to insure a supply of forest prod­ due to that erroneous belief. In order ucts for the present emergency but also to inhibit further needless destruction, for all future emergencies. Forests and forestry must become firmly established fore sty must stand together as a front as a permanent, full-time practice-not line of our national defense.

Chips About four years ago, an intramural athletic team was initiated and named the "Paul Bunyans". Since that time, this team has met with unprece­ dented success in the fields of touchball, hockey and diamondball. For the past three seasons, the "Bunyanites" have slashed their way to the crest of touchball fame on the Farm Campus. Last year, this team went all the way through to the all university finals-through a field of over 100 teams. They had won eight straight victories, losing out in the finals with a score of 12 to 9. The boys sure went out on the tear that night. When hockey season rolled around, the lads simply annexed that title as easily as could be, even though their opponents suffered a total of two broken noses. Diamondball is now the current activity, and from all sources, it seems as though they'll annex that title too. In ·case you wonder who are the constituents of these marvels, may I cite their names in the following order: Ian Anderson, Norbert Zamor, Doug Parsons, Bob Peterson, Bob Johnson, Bud Moore, Ray Jacobs, Bob Nelson, Lowell Nelson, Rod Schumacher, Keith Hall, Stan Erickson, David French, and Dick Lavine. Let's hope the Paul Bunyans always keep the foresters supreme.

SHINE THE l/PPLE (Dedicated to all loyal members of the R. 0. 0. A. P.)

Oh, there is a college sport Oh, it is a noble art Called-Shine the Apple. To shine the apple. Anyone, though tall or short You can't stop when once you start Can shine the apple To shine the apple. All you do is mount your horse, When it gets near finals' time See the "prof" whose got your course All the boys get right in line And produce from any source To produce a healthy shine A polished apple. Upon the apple.

Then you rub it till it gleams. When you're feeling kinda blue, Yes, shine the apple. Just shine the apple. And you shine it till it screams- When you think you won't get thru, T he poor apple. Oh, shine the apple. Oh you dang near wear out its skin When the skies look kinda gray, Running out and running in And although you hope and pray, To see the "prof" whose course you're in The marks don't come your way And shine the apple. Just shine the apple. (PORKY)

[ 42} Forestry in Operation . . . FOl(ESTl(Y IN MINNESOTA.· POTENTIALITIES, ACTUALITIES, AND OBSTACLES By ELLE{(Y FOSTE{(

To what extent are forestry practices in operaitio.n today? To what extent are forestry practices to determine the future welfare of our peoples? We all ponder over these questions; for, truly, they are momentous. Ellery Foster, '28, presents a panwama on this subject. To be specific, he discusses the potentialities, the actualities, and the obstacles of forestry in Minnesota.

What are the potential benefits of ment the allowable cut at the end of this 1 forestry to Minnesota? How far are we period would be 585 million cubic feet • from their realization? What stands in The actual present cut? An estimated the way? 161 million cubic feet annually, not Here ·are three vital questions in which allowing for increased activities that Minnesota foresters have a special in­ have resulted from the defense program. terest because foresters are expected to In addition, the total drain upon the for­ provide expert advice on such problems, est includes 95 million cubic feet wasted and because the forester's opportunities by fire, insects and disease, making a for service and employment are depen­ total normal drain of 2 56 million cubic dent upon the progress that is made. feet. 2 The forest survey provides a partial Off-setting the present drain of 256 basis for answering the first two ques­ million cubic feet upon Minnesota for­ tions. ests is an estimated annual growth of About 40 percent of Minnesota's 50 3 7 3 million cubic feet. This is not as million acres is classed as "forest land." favorable a situation as might be con­ This huge area varies in timber-produc­ cluded, since the greater part of the ing quality from very good to practically growth is in low quality species and in worthless. Potentially productive forest trees of small size, while most of the makes up 17~ million acres. Unpro­ drain is from species of higher quality ductive land - virtually waste land - and from larger trees. 3 makes up nearly 2 Yz million acres. A great deal of the current growth The forest land that is potentially pro­ needs to be left in the woods to build up ductive could now, under a simple plan depleted growing stocks, which explains of timber management, support a cur­ why the current allowable cut under a rent annual cut of 191 million cubic feet, simple plan of management is about 200 which could be gradually increased to million cubic feet. It should be remem-

395 million cubic feet at the end of 35 1Cunningham, R. N. and Moser, H. C. The Forests of Minnesota. U. S. D. A., Forest Service, 1938, pages or 40 years, after the growing stock was 79 to 81. built up. Under more intensive manage- 20p. cit., page 93. 30p. cit., page 75.

[ 44] 5 bered, too, that this amount of cut is let us omit them. Let u~. also omit the only "allowable" provided the cutting is additional jobs of services and supply adjusted to the timber which is ready for which would be created within the state cutting and leaves the young timber to by the purchasing power coming from grow. an expanded timber industry. Although we omit these two items from our esti­ In terms of jobs, we can estimate con­ mate, however, we should not forget servatively that a yearly cut of the poten­ them or overlook the way in which the tial amounts would provide work in tim­ production of a basic material, such as ber cutting and hauling six months a timber, provides a basis for secondary year to 23,000 men under the simple manufacture and also creates a purchas­ plan, or to 35,000 under the intensive ing power that stimulates the demand plan, assuming the same ratio as at pres­ for many other goods and services, thus ent between volume of timber cut and providing a basis for increased produc­ men employed. This is in comparison tion in many lines. with 9,600 in the present operations.4 Let us also forego, to be brief, any Six-month rather than 12-month employ­ statistical estimates of the benefits of ment is used in the estimate because log­ wildlife production, recreation and wa­ ging and log-hauling are largely seasonal tershed protection that would .. accrue activities, integrated more or less with from a good program of multiple-use farming and work in the recreation "in­ management for the 20 million acres of dustry". The above figures are conserva­ forest land, as well as figures that might tive to the extent that they do not take be developed on the benefits of farm into account the labor of cutting and shelterbelts to the prairie and other sec­ tions of the state. hauling material cut for fuel and fence So we are dealing specifically with posts, which at pr~sent provides addi­ only the timber production side of forest­ tional work equivalent to 12,000 men ry, at the same time keeping the other full time, and which probably could con­ benefits in mind. tinue at least at this level under an ef­ The benefits in terms of numbers of fective forestry plan. jobs in the timber business alone would Primary manufacture of the logs and obviously go a long way toward putting bolts into lumber, paper and other prod­ Northern Minnesota back on its feet, ucts would employ perhaps 7 ,000 men getting the region "off relief". A boon on a· full-time basis under the first plan, to the cut-over section is also a boon to and 11,000 under the second (compared the rest of the state and nation as well; with present 3,000) .4 Secondary manu­ because both the state and federal gov­ facture would provide additional jobs, ernments are pouring in large sums for but to keep the estimate conservative, nAccording to an analysis of census data by the Forest Planning Division of the U. S. F. S., secondary manu­ facture normally provides work opportunities roughly 4Data on present employment were supplied by L. equivalent to the combined employment in woods work •· E. Peterson, of the U. S. F. S., Division of Forest and primary manufacture (excluding fuel and fence ~, Planning. operations) . ' •~t

[ 45] !"'" ' relief that would not be needed if the Destructive logging methods still pre­ timber economy were built up. Federal vail on private lands and on most of the relief of various forms is now going into tax-forfeited lands. Then there is a heavy northern Minnesota at the rate of loss of merchantable trees that die and $33.40 per capita per year as compared rot in the woods because of planless cut­ with $17.10 in the balance of the state. 6 ting that leaves some stands to stagnate The state itself is putting in millions for while others are devastated. This loss various forms of relief, proportionately usually is charged to insects an~ disease, much greater than to other sections. In but for most of it the initial cause of its present condition the region needs this loss probably is over-crowding, with the aid. The point is that restoration and insects and disease finishing off the weak­ wise use of its basic resources is the way ened and dying trees. toward permanent rehabilitation, giving The full benefits that might accrue the people dependable opp~rtunities for from current timber operations, in terms productive employment and income. of community stability and economic Actually, of course, achievement of security for inhabitants, are not now be­ the full potential benefits of Minnesota's ing realized for a number of reasons, in­ forests is not something that will come cluding the transient nature of logging merely by waiting 40 years. That is ap­ and lack of coordination between the proximately how long it would take if timber economy and other activities of a truly comprehensive forest program is the forest region (such as farming and developed. recreation). Some of the major obstacles are those In spite of the progress already made, involved in handling the 5 or 6 million there are many obstacles yet to be over­ acres of tax-forfeited land. The counties come in developing such a progra~. To­ are working with the job, but they need day, firewood, brush and other cover of the help of experienced foresters, and little timber-producing value predomin­ so far they have not obtained it in ade­ ate on more than 4 million acres. Young quate degree. reproduction and saplings too small for cutting-mostly aspen, birch, and jack Public programs set up to work on pine, with some pine and spruce-oc­ forestry problems have been stymied in cupy 9Yz million acres. Second growth many ways. The CCC and WPA, for stands of cordwood size of the same instance do not yet have access (except species cover 4 Yz million acres. Second for fire protection) to much of the land growth sawtimber stands occur on 1Y4, where they could do their most construc­ tive work, such as tax delinquent land million acres. Remaining old growth and land privately owned. Such pro­ ~awtimber in 1934 predominated on only slightly more than one-third of a million grams that might go a long way in forest acres. 7 restoration are directed toward less fundamental types of work because fed­ 6Unpublished data obtained from Forest Planning eral and state forestry agencies and Division, U. S. F. S. 70p. cit., page 4. county auditors lack either the legal

[ 46} authority or the necessary personnel and We are not yet fully out of the era in funds to develop forest work projects which many people believed that the full­ for much of the land on which such work est and wisest use of resources would is needed. result as a matter of economic law from The cause of Minnesota forestry also each individual doing his best to "get is hamstrung by the rut in which the ahead in the world." Although we have state legislature is bogged down, year af­ been moving into a phase where people ter year appropriating millions for tem­ feel a need for their government-fed­ porary relief to the cut-over region, at eral, state and local-to take an increas­ the same time postponing the increases ing role in bringing about coordination needed for long-time rehabilitation thru to achieve the best use of resources, little conservation. more than a beginning has actually been One of the major hurdles in this con­ made, and there is still considerable nection is the inadequacy of present doubt as to how much control there forest fire protection. There are parts of should be, and what form it should take. northern Minnesota whose people are Today the demands of defense bring not convinced that fires can be controll­ new pressure to exploit forest resources ed. And present fire-fighting facilities -lumber for cantonment construction, do not lend confidence. Minnesota is defense housing and other purposes. Un­ not prepared for the really bad year that fortunately, there seems little likelihood comes periodically. Feeling that devasta­ that in this rush steps will be taken to ting fires of that sort are bound to occur, introduce foresry principles into the ac­ some of the inhabitants ding to the celerated timber cutting unless by some frontier attitude that the forest is a men­ miracle federal, state and local official­ ace and must be removed or heavily pas­ dom finds time to develop more adequate tured in order to protect towns, homes, conservation policies at the very time barns, livestock, and human lives. This when all are so deeply engrossed in the view has been expressed privately to urgent problem of producing for imme­ friends of the writer by leading farmers diate defense needs. Therefore, impor­ in the Cloquet area, for example. tant as conservation is for long-time de­ The foregoing are what we might call fense, the prospect we face is consider­ policy and program obstacles. When it ably more forest waste before conserva­ comes to getting action in overcoming tion is introduced on much of the private these obstacles, we run into some different lands and on the public land. kinds of obstacles. The whole contem­ Then there are obstacles growing out porary social, economic and political of the popular attitude toward science. predicament in which we operate pre­ People have seen science achieve such sents one class of obstacles to forestry. miraculous things that the less informed The world has been moving almost too seem to believe science eventually will be fast for us, and as a result there has been able to do almost anything-that it may a good deal of confusion in deciding even make forests and other plant what to do. growth unnecessary as a source of raw

[ 47 J material. It raises a question of the ty in obtaining full value for timber that scientists's responsibility to inform he cuts from his own or public wood­ society on the limitations as well as the lands, and that does not make him any possibilities of science. Certainly no re­ more enthusiastic about forestry. Little sponsible scientist who has studied the has been done to develop cooperative situation would recommend a do-nothing timber marketing or other means of im­ attitude toward forestry, because there proving the income from woodlots to the is little prospect now of replacing the farmer. growth of forests and other crops as a Some of the obstacles to forestry source of organic raw materials. But progress in the state may be traced to us many people apparently fail to realize foresters ourselves. There is apparently that such limitations exist. among forestry agencies a tendency to The fact that forest destruction has feel that forestry must be entirely cen­ in many places exhausted the resources tralized in one or a very few agencies which might have continued to provide dealing specifically with forestry. This opportunities for employment and in­ attitude, I believe, works to delay the dustry are often lightly brushed aside by healthy growth of forestry policies and such blind believers in the magical pow­ programs in other agencies which exert ers of science. various degrees of control or influence in There are also obstacles arising out of the management of land resources, such our domestic economic plight. One of as the credit set-ups, and various parts these is the economic pressure exerted of the agricultural program. Foresters, upon local governments and people of it seems to me, should be encouraging the forest regions to wring the last penny and assisting such agencies in developing of current revenue out of the woods their forestry activities. without heed for the consequences. For What this all adds up to, as I see it, counties and townships burdened with is not that the forester should sit back debt and the high cost of public services, and wait for the confusions and malad­ it has indeed been hard to take more justments of our times to be ironed out than the short-time view. by someone else. If people generally­ Another is the insecurity of the tenant including foresters-fail to help solve farmer or the farm owner who does not these basic problems, there is danger that know how long he will be able to hold they will be "solved" by a little minority onto his land, as payments on mortgages for its own purposes, with little regard and taxes become increasingly difficult. for the rest of us. We have that oftcited Such economic pressures on the farmer, case of most of Europe as a bad example. as on others, tend to create an attitude Rather, it means that the forester must of simply wanting "to get by," and are probe into broader economic, social, and a stumbling block in the way of long­ political problems as well as forestry, time planning for resources, including serving as a responsible citizen with a forests. stake in society in addition to being a The farmer also is faced with diflicul- technician.

[ 48] We must re-examine the age of forestry ills is intimately bound up with specialization with a skeptical eye. much broader problems, both affecting Forestry is a specialized field, needing and depending upon them, just as the trained specialists. But it also is an in­ recovery of a sick organ in the body of tegral part of our social and economic a man and the general health of the body structure. As such, the cure for many as a whole are interdependent. MINNESOTA FORESTRY PR[S[NT fORE.ST CONDITION

TOTAL STATE r oREST LAND

f OREST INDUST RIAL TRENDS LUMBCR PRODUCT ION

95,97 4000 B. r: 7

1899 1938 1975

POTENTIAL WOODS WORK & PRIMARY MrG., CMPLOYME:NT

Allowable annual cut Labor-·1n u nlt~ Cubic fee1" of 6 month work Present polent lol; CllC H '-CC: Q(P~5~~N"t $ t> O MI U.IClll (ACtt M AN f'lC:PRt:~(PITS 9,.soo M CN under a simple forestry pion ,~.: ·d··= li

After 35-40 years of s imple fore st r!:I ~~::: ~ .~~. plan a lili

After 35-40 years of 1- · rvu(i..)~I more intensive ( e.:-· " '/'.I(•:'! (.~r~·.._...... ,:-"'~.;:!I forestry plan - JtitU

Employmenc estimaces are based on approximue racio be c ~·ce n timber cut and labor employed in present oper3 • cions , but do no1 include the work of producing fuel wood and fence po st~ which now a.ggrcgates the cquival~nt of I 2.000 nH·n full--li mc. 1rnd which may c.ontinue nt about thii Jevcl. [ 49] THE FIT FO!(ESTE!( By 0. M. EVANS

What are the attributes of a good forester? Which personality traits should be emphasized and de,,eloped? Mr. EYans, Head of the DiYision of Timber SurYeys in Region 5, presents his Yiews on this subject - Yiews obtained during the course of thirty years' experience in the Forest Ser,,ice.

Washington, D. C., classification, forest insect control, fire March 14, 1941. fighting, and at a miscellany of forest When the editor of the Peavey wrote activities. During that period I have me asking for something with regard to directed the work of approximately six the qualifications of a Timber Cruiser hundred forest school graduates and and how the student may acquire all the near graduates, in addition to many desirable virtues, my first reaction, due lumberjacks, fire fighters, and the like. to a lack of time, was not to comply with At the very beginning, it may be de­ the request; but afterwards the follow­ sirable to state that it seems to me a ing story occurred to me. One hot day, forest school should have in its student a farmer was plowing with a mule and body and on its teaching staff only top an ox. During the day the ox lay down material. Means should be at hand and in the traces. The farmer calmly un­ used to bar or eliminate a larger propor­ hitched the ox and completed the day tion of the unfit, the inept, the intel­ with the mule. That night in the barn lectually dishonest, the indolent, the the repentant ox inquired of the mule laggard, the weakling, the unreliable, the what the farmer had said. The mule crab, the crafty, the touchy, and the replied: "0 nothing much." "O come bungler. The registrars should refer all now," replied the ox, "be a good fell ow long-winded formulae gimlets to the and tell m·e what was said." "Well," mathematical department. In the field, replied the mule, "he didn't really say the highly intellectual, the too sensitive, much. He only muttered something the know-it-alls, and the intolerant are about the butcher." I don't want to unhappy; and they should all be left meet up with any knife-wielding butcher. at the outer gates - utterly. Every As the subject assigned is rather lim­ other form of life, except the human, ited in its scope, I am going to change shuffles off its worthless. The technical the word "Cruiser" to "Forester"; be­ apparatus of I-Q's and personnel tests cause cruising is merely incidental to the are well known and should be used. forester's vision of keeping the forest Why, a cop in my home town of Berke­ green, of protecting and encouraging all ley designed a machine to catch a per­ forest lands whether they be for growing son telling an untruth, and it works. trees, forage, watersheds, recreation, or Without these groups of misfits, who whatnot. By way of introduction to a will not be your associates or among Peavey audience, I'll say that I've work­ those to whom you look for . guidance, ed in the California mountains since you can go along through your college 1910, primarily on timber surveys, land course without carrying an undesirable [ 50] load. I speak frankly; for when Ameri­ that is to a considerable degree inherent; can forest school students and their so label this Number One. That is a friends can not speak their minds fully keen power of observation. Have hope, in their own publications, it's just too for the trait can be developed. When bad. Where else should one turn? In working in a forest, you must take no­ the Sierra you become a realist; for t~ce and fix the mind on everything about there is nothing more real in this whole you. You must observe the workings of world than a Sierra canyon - there is the laws of nature. Sometimes a degree no pretense here. We have too many of temperature too high or too low, or pussyfooting foresters, too many tiptoe­ an excess or lack of a few drops of mois­ ing on eggs; and we have admitted into ture may entirely eliminate a species the Society of American foresters to::> from the mountain side. Trees don't many termites. And there is one "con­ like soils derived from serpentine rock. servationist" seeking too much political Some trees want light and plenty of it; power. Only a Chapman or a Pinchot others demand shade. A Show and Ko­ speak out. Who will catch up the trail­ tok observed all the possible fire hazards. ing banner? Who is there to meet the They saw hazard conditions in their true· challenge? light and noticed things the other fellow The road a successful young forester didn't see at all. An Ashe found out must follow is not an easy one. It leads that manufacturing too small a log was up from life's flat valleys through the a financial loss, and a Mason developed foothills and into the mountain fast­ selective logging. You must observe land nesses. There is a steady grade all along forms, tree habits, surveying practices, the way, with but few level or easy and how best to handle tree-measuring stretches. There are many steep pitches instruments. In the forest you are work­ and sharp turns; at times dust, mud, ing with a complex biological entity, the storms, and fatigue; ah, but on either like of which there is nothing in the side of the road there stands the forest, whole wide world. Sometimes its lif~ with rank upon rank of beautiful trees cycle goes through thousands of years. full of light and beauty - beauty in In its innumerable gifts to mankind it form, in color, in motion, and in sound. stands out alone. President Condra of Light sifts down through a leafy canopy; Nebraska University, a long and fast there are exquisitely formed leaves and friend of the forest and foresters, re­ trees; all shades of greens - browns and cently gave us a talk at the American reds too; songful birds, deer treading Forestry Association meeting in Wash­ softly, and the motion of every branch ington, D. C., showing us diagram­ and branchlet reacting differently in ev­ matically how almost every science, nat­ ery breeze. Higher up are fragrant ural and humanistic, ·has a hand in brush fields, meadows, springs, and flow­ building up and maintaining the forest ing water; while near the end of the - all the way from paleontology, ge­ road and on the mountain top are glori­ ology, botany, zoology, chemistry, phys­ ous vistas. ics, and on up to economics, sociology Did you want something practical? and philosophy. These are the very foun­ Well, first you must have an attribute dations of successful forest management. [ 51 J If you are to observe, understandingly, is the ability to draw sound conclusions.< the action and reaction of all the in­ It's summed up in just one word - fluences in the woods, you must study judgment. Drawing the wrong conclu­ the sciences faithfully, with the above sion gets people into trouble; drawing subjects as a basis. You can easily de­ the right one leads them up into the velop this power of observation. You seats of the mighty. One uses a wrong should always be reflecting, be regard­ word or inflection and fails. The other ful and mindful, don't miss or neglect uses the right word and inflection and anything. Walk through a forest - at succeeds. A world figure begins his the far end jot down what you have addresses with a honeyed "My Friends" observed - come back slowly, and and is swept on to victory. It's as simple check up on what you have recorded. as that. The practical aspects of timber The rest of your forest life you will cruising have already been described far have to everlastingly keep at the job of better than I can do it. You can find observing. Your so-called sense of direc­ this subject treated in many books and tion is nothing but observation. pamphlets. However, if none are avail­ The second attribute you must possess able, you may find in your forest school is the ability to analyze the multitude of library, the California Region Timber related facts - you must be an analyst. Survey Manual. The phenomena that you observe must Success in forestry, in the final analy­ be seen in their true relationships. The sis, is up to the individual; but a lot de­ forester observes that this thing happens pends on your getting into the right for­ and that thing follows. He knows that est school just as being a social success there are five fundamentals which con­ depend on your meeting the right people. trol the occurrence of all plant life - Choose half your academic work for the soil, moisture, air, light and warmth, subject, the other half for the men who and looks for the effect of each of these teach. Look over the graduates of the factors on every site. His mind may run various forest schools, and see what kind through a possible hundred reasons why the forest is as it is. Being an analyst, of men they are and what they are doing. he does not guess nor have a hunch. He Weigh up the forest school heads and uses the facts to develop principles, and their associates. Beware of the teacher from these principles he can draw con­ who just lectures, gives out lessons, and clusions. He must then have the force corrects examination papers. A robot of character to put a workable plan into can give a lecture and assign lessons, effect. To sum up - he has observed and they now have machines that can a set of conditions; he sizes up all the correct examination papers better and relationships; and then decides what is far more quickly than any professor. to be done; how he is going to do it; Find a school where both facts and hu­ and, most important of all, does it, and man relationships are stressed. If you in a systematic manner. do not enter and leave a class-room with The third attribute you must possess, an elevation of the spirit, you'd better and here is what separates all of us into look for another teacher, a different for­ the lower and upper income brackets, est school, or find out what's wrong with [ 52] yourself. You want inspiration and too closely; but stray through the city words of advice from those loyal to the and into the forest, enjoying and learn­ forests and forestry. The purpose of a ing from nature itself. Mr. Pinchot, in school should be to teach you a little, the old days at Ann Arbor, told us that stimulate you immensely, and drill into a good forester must first be a good you sound habits of working and think­ American; and to be a good American ing. Go where you will find the ability you must read the newspapers, current and wisdom of a Schmitz; the scholarly magazines, and good books. You must standing and integrity of a Mulford; go out among your fellows, and acquaint the stimulating force and snap of a yourself with the people that live in the Graves; find a teacher who is as aggres­ forest. Only part of your education is sive and persistent as a Chapman; with gotten in the class-room and laboratory. the dry humor and likeableness of a He urged us to fight for the forests and Cheyney; the energy, enthusiasm, and against those who would destroy them charm of a Newins; the persistence and for gain, and that principles are always tenacity of a Winkenwerder; as re­ more precious than profit. His advice served and scholarly as a Dana; the still holds good, as I recently heard him deeply sincere and analytical mind of in Washington voice the same ideas with an Illick; and as keenly observing and his old fire and vision. high-minded as a Korstian. Class-rooms When you come to the forest, don't and equipment are important, but the look like a cowboy, a sheepherder, or a man makes the school. Consider Filibert lumberjack (all fine men in themselves), Roth. The many facts that he told us but look and dress like a forester-clean are largely long since gone, but the force cut, clean shaven, determined, and com­ of his character and advice lives on. petent. Keep in mind that being a for­ There he stands, talking easily and in­ ester, you work at both a trade and a telligently, a kindly look in his eyes, profession - both noble activities; and rubbing his thumb and forefingers to­ that you intend to do a good job of pro­ gether - in his home you were a guest tecting, tending, planting, measuring at ease. He filled us with enthusiasm, and selling the forest values. Develop as idealism, and held up before us the a strong river like the Klamath, \\'.hich spirit of fairness and liberalism. starts up in Oregon's springs, rivulets Yourselves? Here are a few traits and swamps, and works its way down you should develop. Read them over into California, cutting and gouging its slowly. Honesty and industry - so es­ way through the great Siskiyou Moun­ sential to a cruiser, loyalty, courage, tain range, fl.owing surely and serenely punctuality, stability, tact, and affability. to the wide calm of the Pacific. Values, Learn to give and take and .have com­ whether physical or spiritual, must al­ passion on others. Compel your mind ways be struggled for. When you wake and body to obey you - boss them ab­ up in the morning, try to think of some­ solutely. Keep your standards high, and thing to laugh about and remember, learn to loaf a little. Don't be a narrow "In the mud and scum of things, some­ specialist; don't hug to the school books thing always always sings." ( 53] HOME-GROWN FORESTERS llND THE MINNESOTA LUMBER INDUSTRY By H. G. WHITE

Today, many young foresters wonder what place industry re­ serYes for them. Herein is a solution with particular reference to the lumber industry of Minnesota, as presented by H. G. White of the Lake States Forest Experiment Station.

A native Minnesota forestry graduate other box factories, that until recently with a bent towards lumbering and a sawed most of their own requirements, desire to work near home is likely to now buy lumber from small local mills become quite discouraged at employ­ and from the West. ment prospects in the State, especially if Likely as not, the graduate-in-search­ he follows the usual line of attack with­ of-a-job ignores this shift to small saw­ out putting his imagination to work. His mills and any significance it may have. first" instinctive move in the search for a Instead he takes the next instinctive step job is probably in the direction of some in his job-hunt which is probably a series large sawmill. But this approach does of letters to western. and southern com­ not carry him very far nowadays, for panies applying for a chance to work up large sawmills are practically non-exist­ from mill hand to superintendent or ent in the State. sales manager. If his application is The latest available reports for Min­ accepted, the State of Minnesota sees nesota ( 1939) show only four sawmills him no more, at least until the next de­ cutting over five million board feet an­ pression comes along and wipes him off nually. One of these is owned by the the company payroll; or he returns as a Chippewa Indians at Redby. Another local sales representative. If he does not is cutting out a few scattered private land a job, his hopes of carving out a tracts of old-growth pine in northeast­ career in the lumber industry are so ern Minnesota. Two are box factories shattered that he drifts into some 9ther using chiefly aspen. There are also 12 line of work. sawmills in Minnesota that cut between A graduate with more than average one and five million board feet annually, perspective may, as a last step, investi­ but these are not the large-scale mills gate opportunities for employment in that the ambitious graduate imagines Minnesota lumberyards. He will learn himself managing some day. (See table) . from the latest available census reports Two large outfits that were operating ( 193 5) that there are 61 wholesale dis­ in northern Minnesota until recently tributors of lumber and construction have dismantled their sawmills and will material in the State and 958 retail lum­ hire portable mills to saw any timber beryards, with 3,396 employees, and an that they may log in the future. Two annual payroll of $4,435,000. Retail

[ 54] NUMBER AND ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF SAWMILLS IN MINNESOTA

1899 TO 19391

Mills Cutting Over 1 Million Mills Cutting from 50 Thousand All Mills Year Board Feet to 1 Million Board Feet Number Production Number Production Number Production M bd. ft. M bd. ft. M bd. ft. 2 2 1899_ ------··- 447 2,342,338 109 338 3 3 1919 ______------355 699,639 43 636,966 312 62,673

1929 ______------207 357,180 20 322,759 187 34,421 4 1936_. ------183 123,002 16 77,926 167 45,076 1938 ______227 95,973 14 44,874 213 51,099 1939 ______. 326 111,218 16 47,595 310 63,623

1Source: U. S. Census reports. 1939 figures are preliminary data by the Lake States Forest Experiment Station. 2Production not shown by size of mill. 3focluding 25 mills cutting less than 50 thousand board feet. 4The Forest Survey coverage of small mills in Minnesota in 1934 disclosed 1,138 cutting less than 1 million board feet annually, including 639 cutting less than 50 thousand feet. sales totaled $31,767,000 in 1935. Here only 25 per cent of the new houses built is certainly a large enough field of activ­ each year. The remaining 75 per cent ity to satisfy the ambition of a college of the new houses go to the 2 5 per cent graduate. of American families that receive over $2,000 annual income. 1 Stated in dif­ Although starting pay is usually quite ferent terms, there is need for about low, employment in a lumberyard and 320,000 new houses each year that perhaps ultimate ownership of a small would sell or rent for less than $30 per yard probably offer as much economic month, but only about 13,000 new security as can be found anywhere un­ houses are built annually m this rental der present-day conditions. More than class. 2 this, the lumber and building material field offers an opportunity for genuine Providing homes for these people community service. Distribution and would open up a tremendous new mar­ use of lumber are fraught with many ket for lumber. Various methods have unsolved problems of local and national been suggested for building cheaper, but importance. Over a period of years serviceable homes. , More use of local lumber consumption has declined, and timber, especially of the lower grades, yet housing shortages are becoming in­ thus eliminating expensive freight hauls, creasingly acute. Ownership of any­ may be one answer. Prefabrication may thing more than a flimsy cottage is out be another. Self-help housing is a third of reach of people with low income. suggestion - encouraging under-em­ Urban families with incomes of less than ployed people to build their own homes. $2,000 per year, which includes at least For the student interested in this line

75 per cent of American families, get 2Taken from Hearings Before the Temporary Na­ tional Economic Committee, Part 11--Construction In­ lTaken from What Does the Housing Program Cost? dustry, 76th Congress, 1st Session. Government Print­ U. S. Housing Authority, 1940. Chart, page 30. ing Office, 1940. Exhibit 847, page 4977.

[ 55} 1I

of work, trammg in pure forestry or trial and error, without technical assist­ wood technology is probably not enough ance. This is where a "home grown" background, but should be supplement­ forester should find his niche, if he has ed with courses in business methods and a genuine interest in the proper care and architectural engineering. However, for­ use of his native forests. In the past, few estry training seems to implant in many foresters have entered this line of work; students a longing to live closer to the but the future will probably see more woods than does the average lumber doing so because of the shift to small salesman and yard employee. This is operations requiring little capital, be­ especially true of the native "home cause of the increasing volume of public grown" forester who has his roots deep stumpage being placed on the market, in the soil of Minnesota. Such a man and because it offers a real opportunity will never be happy without the ring of to do practical forestry· work. the axe and the whir of the saw in his As a matter of fact, the cutting prac­ ears; and the smell of fresh sawdust in tices of one logger may have more real his nostrils. Fortunately these things can influence on forest conditions than the still be found in Minnesota at a thou­ work of a CCC camp of 200 men. On sand small sawmills, and at five thou­ the basis of the cutting reports that each sand small logging operations. The logger is required to make to the State, day of the big logging operator may be it is estimated that there are over 5,000 gone forever, but the small logger and logging jobs in Minnesota every year, small sawmill are just beginning to mostly very small. Unfortunately cur­ come into their own. rent logging practices are nearly as de­ The timber resources and industries structive as the logging of early days. of Minnesota reached rock bottom about Some of the best second-growth timber 1932. Since then there has been a in private hands is being cut prematurely gradual recovery. The Forest Survey before it is big enough to yield a reason­ of Minnesota, completed in 1934, able profit to the logger. A forester with showed how rapidly the regrowth of the a good head for business and adequate forests is proceeding. But Minnesota's training in logging engineering should new crop of timber has not brought be able to conduct an efficient and prof­ recovery to the large sawmills, for they itable logging business, and at the same cannot handle small logs economically. time put the forest in good growing con­ There has been much speculation as to dition. how the low-grade second"growth timber There is infinite room for improve­ could be utilized. We have dreamed of ment in methods of logging small tim­ new chemical uses of wood that would ber. Most of the felling, bucking, peel­ skyrocket the market for aspen, birch, ing, and loading is done without mechan­ jack pine, and other less desirable spe­ ical aid. The peeling and loading is par­ cies. In the meantime, the small sawmill ticularly slow and arduous work when and small logger have been working out done by hand. Just because the mech­ a partial solution to this problem by anized methods used for big timber are

[ 56] inapplicable does not mean that some contact from all transient portable mills phases of the small logging job cannot cutt~ng over 50 thousand feet. In con­ bt efficiently mechanized. nection with the Forest Survey of Min­ Although more than half of the tim­ nesota in 1934, an intensive canvass was ber cut in Minnesota is used or marketed made of substantially all the mills in the in rough form, such as pulpwood, mine State. The result of the canvass of small timbers, poles, posts, and fuel wood, it mills is shown on the map. The final is at the small portable sawmill that the total was 1,138 mills cutting less than most difficult problems of how to use one million board feet each in a normal low-grade timber are being met and at· year: 499 cutting between 50 thousand least partially solved. and 1 million board feet annually and Small sawmills are not a new develop­ 639 cutting less than 50 thousand an­ ment in Minnesota. Before steam power nually. In 1933 these small mills ac­ was widely used in the mills, the size of counted for 58 per cent of the State plants was definitely limited by the avail­ production of lumber and ties. By all able water power. Even after the gen­ indications there are probably more eral adoption of steam power the small small sawmills operating today than mills continued to cut for local markets. there were in 1934. Portable mills were first made possible a good many years ago by the develop­ ment of steam tractors as a source of power. More recently the use of gaso­ line and diesel engines, particularly dis­ carded automobile engines, has brought second-hand sawing equipment within the purchasing power of any farmer or settler who has sufficient need for it. Census figures indicate that the small mills are taking over a larger and larger share of the milling (see table). Accord­ ing to these reports there were just about the same number of small mills operat­ ing in 1939 as in 1919, and their pro­

duction was about the same, but they LEGEND • :kX> 'TO 1,0CO 11'0UAND rf.f.T, !lCWO MfA3llRE osoio~ • • • • accounted for 5 7 per cent of the output • '-"!DfA~ • " • in 1939 as against 9 per cent in 1919. Portable sawmills have often been However, the census records do not condemned by foresters because of the give the whole picture because they do way in which they are used to strip the hot cover the smallest class of mills, cut­ better trees from second-growth stands .. ting less than 50 thousand board feet just as soon as they are big enough tp . annually, and because it is difficult to log. But under the direction of a for.. .. get reports by mail or even by personal ester, the portable mill becomes a useft4'· .·····

[ 57] tool in forestry work rather than a de­ not a field in which to launch one's own structive agency. Because it can be business hastily. If possible one should moved cheaply from place to place and first get a good dose of practical experi­ will cut small timber economically, the ence on other operations. portable mill can make profitable sal­ Small sawmilling and logging may vage cuttings of scattered old-growth not be an easy way of making a living, · timber, as well as selective cuttings of but to the forester who has his roots in second-growth. the northwoods of Minnesota it offers However, the portable mills as cur­ a challenge: . A challenge to conduct an rently operated can stand a world of im­ efficient logging and milling operation, provement. Many of them are inade­ a challenge to prove that good forest quately powered and poorly equipped. The result is low efficiency and badly practices pay better than bad practices, sawed lumber. Losses due to improper ~nd an opportunity to lead the way in piling and seasoning are high. Thus, few the proper utilization of Minnesota's of the mill owners are in a position to new crop of timber. sell lumber that is sawed, seasoned, and graded to compete on an equal basis OUT THERE with western and southern lumber. Many of the small operators must sell Do you hear that? their mill run of lumber, unseasoned, at That's the wild geese calling. a minimum price in order to meet cur­ And that o'Yer there? That's a Bluejay crying. rent expenses. As a result few of the Doesn't it get in your blood, mills pay more than the minimum wages And make you feel like mo'Ying? required by the Fair Labor Standards Come on, brother, put on your boots, Act. Many of them fall below that Grab up your pack and gun, level. They are also negligent in carry­ We're starting on the long hard trail, We'll soon feel the strain of tump and beat of sun. ing compensation insurance and in pay­ Remember the old tote road ing social security taxes, thus running And the "Kimbo" deer run? the risk of being forced out of business We'll go up past old "Trapper Al's", by a serious accident or by penalties for And maybe gab awhile, failure to carry compensation insurance Then we'll head for "Owl Hoot" camp, or to pay taxes. It's only another mile. It will all seem really pe«eful At first glance the small sawmill busi­ When the tea comes to the boil. ness may not seem to spell opportunity for the forestry graduate. However, Most folks think we're queer, I guess, But they will ne?ler know, there is no reason why a practical "home The feeling of peace and security we get, grown" forester, with a bent in this di­ In the places that we go. rection, could not earn a reasonable liv­ It makes you feel real good inside, Out there so near to God, ing in this line of work if he can build And it really seems a shame up a little capital with which to get That they will ne'Yer know. started. One word of caution: This is Boa NELSON (Class of '44)

[ 58] SOME NORTHEASTERN MINNESOTA FARM AND FOREST FACTS By A. D. WILSON

North Eastern Minnesota, with its thousands of acres of tax forfeited and tax delinquent land, presents a serious problem to foresters. Problems of correct land use must be solYed. Mr. A. D. Wilson, of Bemidji, Minnesota, gives us some interesting facts on this situation. Since this state of maladjustment is found ewer much of the United States, this article is of genu­ ine interest to all of our readers.

To have a fair understanding of sota and North Dakota also furnished Northeastern Minnesota problems and· profitable seasonal employment. resources one must know something of These opportunities made possible the past sixty years history of the area. and general a fair degree of prosperity. Sixty years ago little was known of Taxes were low because very little public this part of the state except that it was a service was required. Schools and roads vast wilderness with apparently unlimit­ were necessary, but requirments were ed timber resources. The farming areas of modest and only moderately expensive. the state to the south and west and the About 1910 the general feeling seem­ cities were developing rapidly, and much ed to develop that the small one room timber was needed. Hence, the first de­ school with inadequate heating and light­ velopment here was around the timber ing and only moderately trained teachers industry. Logging and the manufacture was no longer suitable and that better of lumber required much labor, also food schools were needed. About this time and feed. The demand for labor and the automobiles came into use and brought opportunities to acquire free land by with them a demand for more and better homestead attracted many settlers. roads. Most of the land in these forest com­ Some homesteaders took up land · munities was then paying taxes; much chiefly for the timber on it; others gave of it was held by speculators and timber more thought to farming possibilities. companies, anxious to sell. Timber had Soil was generally productive of vege­ been largely removed, and it was expect­ tables and hay crops, which products ed that the greater part of the cut over found a ready market in logging camps land would be acquired by settlers and and saw mill towns. If the homesteader be developed into farms. was short of income from his land he The desire for better roads and sc;hools could easily get a job in some phase of and the hope of encouraging more set­ the timber industry or could find a ready tlement led many communities to build market for timber products from his own more and better roads and more and land. Harvest fields in western Minne- better schools. Like other typkal Ameri-

[ 59] can communities, many of these partially TABLE II. developed timber communities made PRESENT UsE OF LAND these improvements largely on borrowed Use Acres Percent money. New in Farms* ------3,000,000 15.8 Wild Life ______16,000,000 84.2 It is generally considered that it is *Of the land in farms about 1,000,000 acres are . easier and more popular to borrow for crop land. such improvements than to levy taxes No Plan of Land Settlement and pay for them as built. The general Minnesota has had no real plan of prosperity caused by the first world war land settlement. In Northeastern Min­ and the rapid increase in land values nesota this lack of plan has resulted dis­ added still more demands for more and asterously to at least 20,000 families, better public services, causing a great in­ who located unwisely and were forced crease in taxes. It was easy to borrow to abandon their land and leave without money and in spite of temporary pros­ chance or hope of reward for their years perity increased taxes were unpopular; of effort. Besides the discouragements hence more debt was accumulated. and loss to these settlers, haphazard set­ Then the Depression tlement has brought hardship and loss to The depression, so far as agriculture many other settlers and very difficult is concerned, followed shortly after the financial problems to many counties, world war. Land prices began to decline. townships, and school districts. The demand for land declined; taxes in­ The major problems to Northeastern creased. Vast acreages of undeveloped Minnesota may be briefly stated as fol­ land brought no income. Many land lows: High tax rates, tax delinquency, owners were hard pressed to pay taxes; forfeiture of land for taxes, bonded others became discouraged and quit pay­ debts, scattered settlement, and high ing. costs for public service. Present Situation Land Use Studies Since half of this vast area of land is Two tables are present below to show again back in public ownership and the approximate tax status and present largely under the control of state, county use of the 19,000,000 acres of land in and township officials, a very serious at­ the fourteen cut over counties of North­ tempt is being made by these officials to eastern Minnesota at present: profit from past experience and plan for TABLE I. a better way of handling land in the APPROXIMATE TAX STATUS future. Condition Acres Percent The following facts have been proved Tax Exempt ------5,000,000 26.3 by the past fifty years experience. Forfeited------5,000,000 26.3 1. Some of the land is good farm Delinquent ------4,000,000 21.1 land and offers good opportunities for Paying------5,000,000 26.3 farmers. Total ------~--19 ,000,000 lOOo/o 2. Some of the land is not suitable

[ 60] for farming, at least under present con­ farming areas, considering soil and lo­ ditions, and will be best used for grow­ cation, and are preventing indiscriminate ing timber and other conservation uses settlement in areas not suited to farming for some time to come. or where costs of such services as schools 3. In spite of all the waste in harvest­ and roads will be excessive. ing the original crop of timber, there are It is likewise resulting in the consoli­ millions of feet of good merchantable dation of areas to be used for timber and timber and much more is growing. recreation so these areas may be better 4. There are thousands of beautiful protected from fire and trespass and with lakes and streams which make certain limited public expense may contribute areas very attractive to tourists, hunters, most to the general welfare. and fishermen. Cooperation and Results 5. Past experience has shown that The federal government, the state, thousands of people from other parts of counties, townships, school districts, and the state and from other states like to local citizens are all working together in come here for vacations and sports. this cooperative enterprise. Those who 6. The above facts indicate that know Northeastern Minnesota best be­ Northeastern Minnesota has three U:n­ lieve that these studies, facing facts as portant enterprises, namely, agriculture, they are, and the gradual working out timber, and recreation. of the proposed remedies, will have the The job ahead is to take stock of what following results: we have, profit by past experience, and It will materially improve the lot of aim to use all our resources in land, present farmers in the area by bringing people, and capital to the best possible into use the best farm land, opening advantage. favorable opportunities for many more What Has Been Done farmers resulting in consolidated farm Eight counties have already completed settlement where reasonable public serv­ land use studies, with all of the available ice may be had at a reasonable cost. facts before them. Township committees It will result in the gradual return to have classified all land for its best use, normal timber production of millions of based on their own intimate knowledge acres of land now largely devoid of tim­ of their townships gained by living and ber which will provide an important part · farming there for ten or more years. in the income of the area. Three counties have taken the next step by zoning their counties, thus legally It will make more attractive the whole controlling the use and occupancy of all area for vacationists, sportsmen, and land. lovers of outdoor life, and will add mil­ These measures are resulting in the lions of dollars to the income of this part consolidation of settlements in the better of the state.

[ 61 J THE FO!(ESTE!(

The forester is an amateur woodsman with a college education.

There are two classes of foresters. One class believes in keeping abreast of those dynamic movements that challenge the best efforts of the nation's thinkers. The other class fights fires, builds truck trails, plants trees, and wears old clothes. Some foresters have offices, some live in Washington, and some work in the woods. Lots of foresters spend practically their entire lives in God's great out-of-doors. They love to hunt and fish. They would, too, if they only had time. It used to be said that a forester's best friends were his horse and his axe. Today a forester has no need for a horse, and he might cut himself with an axe. Years ago most every forester wore a big Stetson hat, and carried a gun on his hip and a fl.ask in his pocket. Nowadays big Stetsons are worn only in the movies, and you hardly ever see a forester carrying a gun. An interesting thing about a forester's life is that he meets all kinds of people from hoboes to multi-millionaires. It is not uncommon for a forester to have the privilege of personally doing favors for a millionaire tourist. However, there is no record of a millionaire tourist ever doing a favor for a forester. But even if they don't make much money, it's nice ~teady work and they have lots of fun.

Another satisfactory thing about the forester's career is that he is his own master, absolutely independent and answerable to no one for his professional conduct. That is, except to his wife, ladies' garden clubs, sportsmen's asso­ ciations, nature lovers, newspaper editors, and local politicians.

Forestry is a very pleasant profession because it is so easy to get ahead. Many foresters graduate from college with only a few debts and immediately get a job and a wife. In about ten years time in addition to the same job and the same wife, they have more debts and five kids. That's why foresters are so happy.

[ 62] Timber in Use ... llLUMNI NEWS

CLASS OF 1899 Chas. L. Lewis, Jr., is another member of H. H. Chapman writes for his Peavey the class of 1910 engaged in pleasing the from New Haven where he continues in the palates of discr~minating foresters and gour­ role of Professor of Forestry at Yale Uni­ mants-he manages a few hundred acres of versity. Mr. Chapman says that two more cranberry marsh which produces those de­ years will see him on the retired list and that licious Eatmore Cranberries. Mr. Lewis he then will be able to devote all of his time divides his time between Beaverbrook Wis­ to the accomplishment of projects shoved consin and St. Paul. aside during the strenuous activities of CLASS OF 1911 teaching, field work, and other professional W. H. Kenety encloses his check from lines of endeavor. He says that, perhaps Fitchburg, Mass., where he is affiliated with then, he can write a text-book on Forest the Fitchburg Paper Company. W. H. was Finance that the average student can assim­ very pleased with the news letter we sent out. ulate without "hoping he'll meet that guy He also wishes happiness and success to the some dark night." H. H. also expects to 1941 grads. bag that big buck that got away from him the last time he went hunting in Itasca CLASS OF 1912 County. John A. Stevenson encloses the cold cash As a special note, Mr. Chapman writes for his Peavey, and tells us that he is still that the widow of Professor S. B. Green is with the Bureau of Plant Industry in Wash­ living at 1949 Lewis Mt. Road, Charlottes­ ington, D. C. ville, Virginia, and would greatly appreciate hearing from any of Professor Green's for­ CLASS OF 1913 mer students and friends. C. H. Wiggin was one of the first to send in his dollar for the 1941 Gopher Peavey. CLASS OF 1909 He is still stationed at the Robinson Agri­ Walter M. Moore is still at Wright Field cultural Experiment Station, at the Sub­ -the research, experiment, and procurement station in Quicksand, Kentucky. center for the Army Air Corps; and the CLASS OF 1914 place is really humming now. They are S. A. Graham inquires of the awesome erecting a wind tunnel with a 40,000 H. P. motor and two huge forty foot fans to pro­ creature that is being goaded with a peavey vide wind (not hot air) of any desired vol­ on our postcard. To quote Mr. Graham: ume. Maybe, if things progress as they "The drawing on your card stirs my ima­ have been lately, we'll be seeing you there, gination, at least to the extent of wondering Walt, {as buck privates). The Peavey staff what the fearsome creature may be that is is deeply indebted to Mr. Moore; for every being poked with the spear-like peavey. It year, as unfailingly as the sun, he sends his looks as if said peavey might better serve check for $4.00. as a prod for the elephant (or is it a sacred bull?) than for. handling logs." · CLASS OF 1910 "As usual your inquiry finds me in the J. B. Berry is still growing citrus, about a midst of teaching forest entomology, forest million and a quarter boxes last year, and he ecology, forest zoology, and herding about has a fine time doing it. His Waverly Flor­ a bunch of graduate students in their mental ida Co-op. service gives its members a fine girations at the University of Michigan grove care service, as well as a nice profit. School of Forestry and Conservation. That J. B. writes that son, Jim, Jr. was married peavey(?) might come in handy sometime last summer; congratulations. We wish that in connection with the above activities. (Not you would take that long dreamed of trip the magazine but the instrument that is stick­ back here to Minnesota for that reunion ing the quadruped.)" while Green Hall is still new and bright. "The last couple of summers have found J. B. also extends an invitation to any of me investigating the why's and wherefore's the "bunch" who head his way to come of the hemlock borers in the Upper Penin­ directly to "Waverly, where you will be sula of Michigan. This work has resulted among friends." chiefly in showing up the borer as an incom-

[ 64] petent individual that can't even kill a hem­ Ralph M. Lindgren encloses a $2.00 check lock, the real culprits in this case being a for two subscriptions to the Peavey. Ralph combination of bad weather and bum (I is with A. D. Chapman and Co. at New should say ill advised) logging procedure." Orleans, Louisiana. "This next summer I hope to study the CLASS OF 1927 ecological history of some more or less vir­ J. Lee Deen is now on his third year in gin stands still left in the Porcupine Moun­ Colorado as Dean of the Division of For­ tains. Perhaps there we shall meet this most estry. He finds that the commercial phase of peculiar animal pictured on your post card. forestry is of much less importance than are At least I'll keep my eyes open for it. All protection, recreation, and grazing. Carl that I can say is please pray that I see him Krueger, Ben Whitehall, and Dayton Kirk­ first and that a tree is .nearby for climbing am are all located nearby if one does not purposes. That beast is a bad actor if the care what he says. Carl is on the Shoshone expression in his eye means anything." in northern Wyoming; Dayton is on the The Peavey staff is sure that you can Montezuma in southwestern Colorado; and handle the beast, Mr. Graham. It's only Ben is on the White River in northwestern dear old Babe. Colorado. So to visit them, Lee must cross CLASS OF 1921 a desert to find Carl, and cross the Conti­ H. L. Person reports that he is still work­ nental Divide to see Dayton or Ben. ing at the California Forest and Range Ex­ Carl G. Krueger is located in the Sho­ periment Station and is in charge of timber shone National Forest and hopes to be there management research in the redwood region. for some time to come. He sends us his There has recently been established a red­ best wishes and a dollar for his usual copy wood experimental forest which will provide of the Gopher Peavey. a center for selection field work. He also reports that Bill Hallin is working with him Ernest Kolbe has been shifted from the on the project. Leydon Erickson is now pristine glories of the Pacific Northwest to in charge of the products work at the sta­ flood control work with the California For­ tion. Last fall the fellows got together with est Experiment Station. H. Hamilton, who is in charge of the sea­ CLASS OF 1928 soning work for McCloud River Lumber Co., for an informal reunion. Ellery Foster, as you have seen, was kind enough to write an article for the 1941 A. E. W ackerman sends in the perennial Peavey. The staff deeply appreciates this, dollar from Durham, North Carolina, where Mr. Foster. As for news, Ellery tells us that he is listed on the records as Professor of he is Planning Assistant for the Bureau of Forestry at Duke University. Agricultural Economics in Washington, D. CLASS OF 1925 C. He divides his time between Washington R. B. Thomson writes us from Duke Uni­ and the seven most westerly states in advanc­ versity where he is doing his best to make ing the work of cooperative planning for forest economics interesting and realistic to agriculture. In the broad sense, that in­ a bunch of undergrads. We thank you cludes forestry as a part of agriculture. kindly for the dollar, Mr. Thomson. W. H. Fischer states that he has been re­ L. G. Baumhofer encloses his check with cently transferred to the Regional office at the notice that he is still with the Bureau of Atlanta. W. H. sends his regards to the Entomology and Plant Quarantine in Wash­ Profs. and wishes the Peavey staff luck. We ington, D. C. need it. CLASS OF 1926 Frank Kaufert has been with us as Asso­ ciate Professor of Forestry for a year now. Warren W. Chase, once a Peavey staff Mr. Kaufert is a real asset to any college in­ man himself, is now chief of the Regional stitution and we hope that we can keep him Biology Division of the Soil Conservation on the list of Minnesota's assets. As a Service in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. His job teacher and as a friend Frank is hard to enables him to keep tab of what a number equal. of Minnesota foresters are doing, and his conclusion is that the old motto, "Minne­ Merril Deters writes from Michigan State sota men make good," is still being followed. College at East Lansing. Mr. Deters con-

[ 65] tinues in his status as Forester in the Na­ is the U.S.F.S. representative on the Chicka­ tional Office of Xi Sigma Pi fraternity. sawhay Conservation Commission-a group E. J. George is employed at the U. S. of business and professional men who are Field Station at Mandan, North Dakota. He cooperating with the public schools, the also included the password for a copy of the American Legion, industry, and the Forest 1941 Gopher Peavey. Service in a fire prevention program. Such a movement exemplifies the progress that i .. CLASS OF 1929 being made in our educational approach to John Neetzel is now located at Dukes, the fire prevention program. We're proud to Michigan-still with the U.S.F.S. see a Minnesota grad on the front line in ·A. Dale Chapman is, of course, the Mr. this program. Chapman of A D. Chapman and Co., which is of course the company that distributes an Rolland C. Lorenz sent us his check from awful large amount of Dowicide. Mr. Chap­ the Doctors' Hospital in Washington, D. C., man really helped the Peavey staff a great where he was trying to shake off a bad case deal with his full page ad for the 1941 issue. of malignant malaria. Rolland had just re­ Thanks a lot. turned from an eight months' trip through South America arid Central America where CLASS OF 1930 his party was studying the possibilities of Ralph W. Lorenz says that he is still developing rubber areas. We certainly hope occupied as Associate in Forestry at the that you're feeling fine again, Rolland. University of Illinois. He also states that last summer he and Mrs. L. had the good CLASS OF 1931 fortune to visit, as Ralph put it, "ye old Lyall E. Peterson encloses the following grad" George Herion, then stationed at quip for the Peavey which serves to illus­ Santa· Fe. George proceeded to show the trate his description of Forest Land Plan­ timber types and cutting operation as of the ning: "Forest Land Planning might be de­ Santa Fe area. The Herions have two girls scribed as part of a necessary process for and one boy (Cactus Tom) . synthesising facts and designing ways and means for making conservation mean as Clarence D. Chase was back "home" last much as possible in terms of food, clothing, fall for the Minnesota-Michigan football shelter, and other needs of good living." game'. It warmed the cockles of his heart Lyall's title is now Assistant Chief of the to see that final score: Minnesota-7, Michi­ Forest Land Planning Division. He admits gan-6. They sat with Michigan friends, that the Division hasn't made history, yet; you know. Their welcome was not too cor­ but they promise it. dial, though; for they were marooned two days at Becker by the famed Armistice Day Weston Donehower is with the Soil Con­ blizzard. Clarence saw many familiar faces servation Service at Lancaster, Pennsylva~ia. at the Society of American Foresters trip to Reports are that Wes was finally felled by Isle Royal last September. Cupid's darts. Congratulations. Arvid Tesaker is still working on soil and Alf Z. Nelson, who is still with the Divi­ moisture conservation work for S.C.S. He sion of Forest Economics at Washington, re­ reparts that his job consists of planning ports that he renewed acquaintances with a farms for soil and moisture conservation number of Minnesota men at the S.A.F. programs: contours, rotations, fertilizing, meeting there. There is another mouth to pastures, tree planting, woods improvement, feed in the Nelson household-a daughter, and wood management plans. Arvid moves Judith, born June 11, 1940. around so much we never do get his address straight. A. E. Schneider writes that he is still in the R-9 Division of Operation doing staff Harold L. Mitchell is Senior Forest Serv­ work on general administration planning ice Representative on the Upper Susque­ and management. Here is some dope on hanna Flood Control Survey, with office at some of the "henchmen" of the class of '31 : 139 Court Street in Binghamton, New York. Robley W. Hunt is Refuge Manager for the We hope that you like your new job. Fish and Wildlife Service at Necedah, Wis­ Carl E. Benson is the District Ranger of consin; he is married and has one daughter. the Chickasawhay District of the Desota Paul St. A:mant is District Forest Ranger at National Forest. We find that Mr. Benson Blackduck, Minnesota; he too is married and

[ 66] has one son. Jerome Stoudt is Wildlife Staff boys both in his Protection class and field assistant on the Chippewa, at Cass Lake; trips in Dendrology. We're all wondering also married and one daughter. Bob St. when Henry is going to get married. With Amant is District Ranger on the Kabetogema such a nice looking girl, we marvel how he District, Cook, Minnesota. Bob is the proud procrastinates. Late Flash: Wedding bells papa of one son. And Jim Bussey, '38, is a rang at Easter. Border Patrolman down at Raymondville, CLASS OF 1935 Texas. Just married! Norman 0. Nelson reports to us that he Stanley Buckman gave his dollar to the is still plugging away at the same old job Editor way last fall when he attended the with the Forest Service. Thanks for the annual Foresters' Bonfire. Stan is still locat­ dollar, Norm. ed at Louisville, Kentucky, with the Ameri­ Arthur E. Ferber is still employed as Nur­ can Creosoting Co. sery Manager, Division of Soil Conservation Maurice W. Day sends his dollar from the Nurseries, at Mandan, North Dakota. He Dunbar Forest Experiment Station in Sault reports that his daughter, Judy Ann, was Ste. Marie, Michigan. Just made the dead­ two years old in April. Three Minnesota line. men whom he sees quite ofren are E. J. George, Donald Baldwin and Walter Paul. CLASS OF 1932 Donald Baldwin is working with the Soil Howard B. Smith is with the U.S.F.S. m Conservation Service at Fessenden, North Pinedale, Arizona. Dakota. CLASS OF 1933 Roy M. Carter is Extension Forester at John A. Rundgren sends his dollar, and the University of Wisconsin College of Ag­ at the same ·time acclaims last year's edition riculture. Roy said it was too late to write of the Peavey. John is with the U.S.F.S. in a good news letter, but he did send for a Buford, Colorado, and was waxing his skis subscription to the Peavey. Thank you, Roy. in anticipation of the elk census when the letter was written, last January. CLASS OF 1936 Raymond C. Nermoe encloses his check Victor 0. Sundberg requests that w.e mail and the following information: He continues his copy of the Peavey to the Spring Valley in the capacity of Sub-District Officer, Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, planting trees for the Prairie States Forestry where he is the District Ranger. Vic says Project out in North Dakota. When Ray that Harlan Johnson, '33, is still harassing left school, he began his career as a range the deer on the Kaibab North Unit, Howard worker in the Bad Lands. In the spring of Smith, '32, is the Pinedale Ranger, and that '37 he transferred to the P.S.F.P. and has Harold Tysk, '32, is with the Division of been with it ever since. Ray would appre­ Grazing in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ciate a visit by any of the Minnesota fel­ Donald E. Price has been spending a part lows. He is justly proud of his shelterbelt. of his time getting acquainted with saddle S. V. Sihvonen, at the time of his en­ horses (so-called) and pack mules in connec­ closure, was praying for the rains to stop tion with the administration of his ranger so that they could get back into the swing district which does not have a road in it and of log and pulpwood production. It seemed has an altitudinal range of 6000 feet in the Crossett Timber and Development Co. was same horizontal distance. barely a jump ahead of the sawmill and CLASS OF 1934 pulpmill in their logging activities. Sulo re­ George A. Herion was recently transfer­ ports that the Yale Forestry School class red from Santa Fe, New Mexico, to the passed through Basthrop on their annual Regional Office of the Indian Service in trip. It was a real pleasure, he says, to see Phoenix, Arizona, where he is Associate For­ the old "Siberian aushman," Onni Koski, ester. However, 90 per cent of his work is again. Onni was in good hands, traveling in the field, and he states that there is noth­ with K. L. (kissable lips) Binger. (That's ing "swivel-chaired" about that. the way the Southern gals feel toward him.) Henry H. Hanson continues as an in­ CLASS OF 1937 structor at Green Hall; while he. works for Richard C. Smith sends his best wishes in his Doctor's degree, Mr. Hansen plagues the a tangible form and tells us that he is still

[ 67] -with American Creosoting Co., as forester Scott Pauley spent last summer working at affiliated with Georgia Forest Products Co. Black River and then took a job as instructor at Michigan State. We're happy to have Bernie D. Peterson replied to our news­ the "jug" too. letter with the good old dollar. Bernie tells us that last summer he joined the Ancient Raymond Jensen is another of the Min­ Order of Benedicts. He is at River Falls nesota boys doing graduate work at the pres­ trying to help the farmers keep their farms ent time. He's up at the Cloquet Forest Ex­ at home. periment Station groping for light in a re­ search problem. Martin Meldahl is still working for the Clem Kaufman has almost finished the Heimbach Lumber Co. in Duluth, and has work on his Doctor's degree. Between study had a very busy year. He has also built him­ periods, Clem acts in the capacity of Assist­ self a new house and has installed a partner ant Extension Forester at the University (married Miss Harriet Ekern, Home Ee., Farm. Too bad we can't mention where the last November 9th). Martin says that he Editor saw Clem one night. (What was the will feel hurt if anyone who is up his way Editor doing there?) does not stop in and see them. He also writes that Farquhar "Sparky" Thomson, Dwight Bensend is still one of the "boys" '37, was also married last year to Miss Lulu at Minnesota. Still working on jack pine, Green, Home Ee. and students in Dendrology and Wood Structure lab sections. Please note his cor­ E. Arnold Hanson gives us the important rected address in the directory. news that he has now received a Junior For­ esters' appointment-working on Adminis­ Alvin T. Hagen believes in the slogan, trative Fire Studies and enjoying it im­ "Be a forester and see the world." He and mensely. Arnold says that he plays golf on Mrs. Hagen have moved six times in the past Saturday and skis on Sunday. What a two and a half years-from coast to coast country! and back. In June of 1940 their moving days were supposedly over, so they built a Ted Myron is working for the S.C.S. with new house at Mt. Shasta only to find that headquarters at CCC Camp Ellsworth. Most they must move again, this time to the Las­ of his time is spent on erosion control farm sen Forest at Susanville, California. We planning for the Pierce County Soil Conser­ hope that you are nicely settled now, Al. vation District. He reports that, although Roy A. Johnson is on the Nicolet National far removed from studies at the Alma Forest in Wisconsin. He says the following Mater, his work is interesting and very neces­ Minnesota foresters are also on the job sary in that section of the country. Ted has there: Lincoln A. Mueller, Robert Colby, not only done well on the professional front, Dick Hultingren, Warren Livens and Gus­ but also on the home for he has added a tav Linstrom. Roy expects to be drafted in boy to his family since we last heard from May or June, and he predicts that the draft him. Ted reports that in the S.C.S., Jack will take the majority of unmarried before Fry, '33, heads the Jackson County S. C. the year is out. District, Al Laidlow, '32, heads the Pepin County District, and Bernie Peterson is plan­ CLASS OF 1938 ning farms in Pierce County with headquar­ Edwin Saarnio encloses his annual stipend ters at River Falls. Looks like the Minne­ for the Peavey, but no news. We hope that sota Foresters have taken over the S.C.S. you enjoy this year's issue, Ed. in Wisconsin. Carl R. Dion sends more than his dollar James N. Fisher has been working for the ($1.50) plus some news notes. Carl is Junior Wisconsin Conservation Department in the Forester on the Grand Portage Indian Res­ Protection phase as Forest Ranger in the ervation. He is charged with the welfare of Black River Falls area. Jim spent one entire 300 Indians as well as the management and year as a Cooperative Ranger giving talks protection of the forest. He states that Her. and showing pictures to women's clubs, bert Norman, '38, and Marvin Harmon, '38, sportsman's organizations, and schools. His are both working on the Red Lake Indian spare time has been spent putting out fires Reservation, Red Lake, Minnesota. and condemning the Protection courses or Phil C. Anderson gave in to our "gently lack of them as they are taught in school. urgin" card. He describes his experiences

[ 68] since graduation in a novel manner. "1938 George Boyeson has acquired a private -USFS, Bitterroot National Forest, En­ office, two or more telephones, and one or gineering staff (pick and shovel stuff). 1939 more secretaries. How about the loan of a -New England Timber Salvage Adminis­ blonde for a couple of weeks, George? His tration (lumber grader of New England title, at the last report, was Assistant Auditor knotty pine). 1940 and up--Rilco Laminated at Montgomery Ward and Co. in St. Paul. Products at Albert Lea, Minnesota. (Michi­ When next year's Peavey comes out it will gan sales representative-traveling salesman be General Manager of all stores. with 'one' in every port). 1942-Hitler, here I come!! Edwin Mietunen spends his daytime hours as engineering aid for the Minnesota State E. S. Sedlacek asked that his Peavey be Highway Department, and his night . . - . . forwarded to 812 Smith Tower, Seattle, sleeping (?). Washington. No further news, but we have heard that Ed has a good job with the N. P. Keith White reports that he is working for a retail lumber company in Bremerton, Railroad in their timber department. We hope that we heard correctly. Washington. Thanks for the buck, Keith. Bob March encloses, along with a dollar, Phil Jahn has been doing his part in help­ ing Uncle's defense program; he has been the information that he has a new job; with the Fuller Goodmanson Lumber Co. at their surveying for a powder plant down in Iowa, branch at Marinette, Wisconsin. Good luck but hopes to be back in the bush by June. on your new job, Bob. Late flash - Phil is now in the Army as a draftee - Batty. 215th CA (AA), Camp Phil Schroeder is still striving for that Haan, California. Hear the Bugle? high degree in Forest Entomology. But we hear that Phil is going to the Army-not as George E. Gustafson liked last year's a private, either. Please note benefits of the Peavey. Thank you, George. He reports R.O.T.C. that he is working for the Wisconsin Conser­ vation Department at Gordon, Wisconsin. Ray Wood had better watch himself in the We hope you like this year's edition as well. dark alleys. While doing graduate work, Ray corrects exam papers in a multitude of James 0. Folkestad is a Junior Forester forestry courses. On the side he courts a Foreman in the Black Hills National Forest. pretty blonde now and then. Good old Ray! He says it's a great country and that he likes it immensely. Jim also tells of a new boss­ John S. Mead is working for the Day and a wife acquired last December. Please accept Zimmerman engineering firm in Burlington, our belated congratulations, Jim. Iowa. John says that he hasn't forgotten that the engineer is the lowest form of ani­ Alden Wuoltee sends us his "best wishes" mal life from a forester's v·iewpoint. We and a dollar for the Peavey from Ft. Bragg, don't mind having a forester working as an California. engineer as long as he remembers. Erick P. Kienow has been helping clean up after the hurricane in New England and has CLASS OF 1939 worked with the Northeastern Timber Sal­ Bob Schoensee writes us from Linden, vage Administration at Worschester, Mass., California, where he is working with the The New England Forest Emergency Ad­ Diamond Match Co. We thank you for the ministration at Southbridge, Mass., and is buck and hope that you like your new job. at present with the Northeastern Forest Ex­ Perpetual inventories are almost equalized. periment Station at Alfred, Mass. Russell Johnson completes his work for Charles E. Hutchinson is still holding out his Master's degree this spring here at Min­ at the Ceco Steel Products Corporation, nesota. After that, he is lined up with a Sheet Steel and Wire Division, out at 28th new job. and East Hennepin. "Hutch" planned to Chas. White has been enlightening the visit the Peavey den for a few minutes not farmers on the benefits accruing from prop­ long ago, but a poker game turned up. So erly handled farm woodlots. If you want he lost ~2.00 instead. But s~nce Bob De any dope on farm woodlots or farmers, write Leuw won ~2.25, the foresters broke even. Chuck in care of the Lake States Forest Ex­ There's a moral to that story. "Hutch" also periment Station. reports that John Sweeney, '40, is working

[ 69] for the Lampert Lumber Co., Bob DeLeow Ralph Nelson is struggling with the facts is working at the Anderson Sash and Door and figures of forest taxation here at Minne­ Co. in Bayport, and Bill "Duke" Dugas has sota. "Satch" received a fellowship at Yale the Northwest agency for the Car-Life Oil for another year's study. Congratulations, Filters. O.K., Hutch? Ralph! Clarence T. Eggen sends his buck from George E. Olson is one of the Minnesota the Coweeta Experiment Forest in Otto, No. boys studying for his Master's at the Yale Carolina. No further information. School of Forestry. He is specializing in Forest Products. It appears the poem, Howard A. Post writes us from the Har­ "They were whoopin' it up at the bar," vard Forest in Petersham, Mass., where he applies to some of our Minnesota repre­ is working for his Master's. His study con­ sentatives. cerns the natural regeneration and succes­ sion following the hurricane of 1938. Howie Lem A. Blakemore is acting as a Research ran into the Yale quartet of McQuire, Collaborator in the Food Habits Division Binger, Condit, and Olson at the S.A.F. at the Patuxent Research. Refuge in Bowie, Meeting in Washington. The Staff hopes Maryland. On frequent visits to Washing­ you find your questions answered in the ton, Lem sees Vince Olson, '40, and Walt Peavey, Howie. Erson, '40, who are both working for the Dept. of Commerce and live at 2122 P. St., CLASS OF 1940 . N.W., Apt. 31. In addition, T. E. Maki, Ross Donehower reports for both Tony '30, is the head of the new Forest Experi­ Perpich and himself who are both with the ment Station which is located on the U. S. Indian Service in the Southwest. To quote: Experimental Forest at Laurel, Md. Lem "Originally, there were twelve of us, with a frequently inquires about the Voyageurs. full time director. Now there are eight in May we say they are functioning better than the S.W., one in So. Dakota, and three have ever. either resigned or dropped out. Tony was sent to the Apache Reservation about 100 Bob Helgeson has landed a job with the miles south of us. I was assigned with three St. Paul and Tacoma Lumber Company at others to the Navajo reservation. My work Seattle where Norman Jacobson, '10, is the has been fascinating. Upon arriving ac this forester. Like it better than picking apples agency, we four aides took a thousand mile or clerking, Bob? tour of the reservation which is 25,000 Laurie Kallio is a template maker for square miles in area; then after spending Lockheed Aircraft Corp. at Glendale. What some time getting acquainted with the the.se foresters don't do. Thanks for the agency office, we were sent out to act as a buck, Laurie. flunky for a cowpunchin' range rider. I had two fine nags, and rode from 25 to 65 miles Gordon Condit admonishes us to give the a day. I'll never forget the first day's ride Cloquet Corp. a good writeup. Hope it of 20 miles. Then we came back to the pleases you, Gordy. He reports that his office, and have been here ever since. The time is divided between slaving over his work consisted of activities in the fiscal divi­ thesis at Yale, and Eli Whitney Forest busi­ sion, forestry, and range management." The ness for Pop Hawley. We think Minnesota Peavey staff knows that Ross will be success­ is a pretty good school, too. We know what ful in whatever he does. Was that head Gordy means by "slaving". shave worth $5.00, Doc.? Jim Michels sends the required greenback Eldon Behr is here at Minnesota on a but encloses no news. Thanks for the buck, fellowship from the American Creosoting Jim. Company, working for his Doctor's Degree. Doug Welch is being kept on the run by Between times, he burns up the diamond, his job with the USFS as infiltrometer op­ playing second base for the grad's team. erator on the Coast Flood Control Survey in Bob Binger writes us from the Yale School Georgia. Hope you like the Peavey. of Forestry where he is striving for an M.F. Forest Olson writes to the Staff from Iron Degree. Bob mentions the trip to the deep Mountain, Michigan, where he is employed south and "umpteen" reports. We heard by the Ford Motor Company-in the line about that trip from someone else, too. of wood working machinery. Forest looks

[70 J forward to his 1941 Peavey; he likes to hear nesota men. Among these were Bob Merz, of school functions, activities, and of what '35, Ernie Wellberg, '31, Osmund Seglem, the other grads are doing. He says he is a '38, Uno Martilla, '27, Walt Anderson, '40, married man-and likes it very much. Of and Virgil Hogdahl, '40. Just now, "Buck" course! is working with the Lakes States. He would like to hear from some df the old gang. William Lehmkuhl was only recently with the Greenheart Lumber Company at George­ Irv. Lifson is another forester who has town, British Guiana. According to Bill, it sprouted wings in the last year or so. He was very nice down there, even though he is in the Naval Air Reserve. Don't practice did get bitten by a poisonous snake and dive bombing over Green Hall; our nerves came down with malaria. But now we hear couldn't stand that. Good luck to you! that Bill has a new job in civilization. Won­ der why? Ralph Elkington is now engaged as for­ ester for the Consolidated Water Power and Clarence B. Buckman informs the Staff Paper Company and is running their nurs­ that he worked under Mr. Lawrence Ritter ery. Ralph's nursery also contains a lot of and Donald Stewart on Blister Rust Control ornamental and landscape stock. We won­ until January 1. During the course of this der what Ralph does for recreation-there activity, "Buck" ran into a number of Min- being very few poles to climb in a nursery.

"Chips 11 Some of the actions of our better known students are unique once they get the feel of an axe in their hands and the scent.of timber in their nostrils. Such was the case at the 1940 Cloquet session. On the third day, Professor Allison ordered the fellows, in crews of four, to go out and brush out a des­ ignated "forty" line. One of the lads felt terrifically elated over this task. He simply couldn't restrain his pent-up emotions. The din of his axe rang continuously through the woods. Any tree that was within six feet of the compass line was doomed. After felling it, he would limb it completely­ then cut the bole into short lengths and scatter them thoroughly-so the Profs wouldn't discover the evidence. His buddies had to put up a fiery argu­ ment so as to save a 22" Norway which split the compass sight.

Foresters in the past have always been considered raw-boned, crude lum­ berjacks. When girls were mentioned, it was taken for granted that foresters should blush and shy away. At least they were not considered suave. But times have changed and so have foresters-as evidenced by the following incident which occurred at Cloquet last Spring. It happened at Kings Tavern, one mile north of Curtis's liquid inspira­ tion establishment. One of the boys was whooping it up-a North Dakota boy, he was. We soon saw him dancing by with the ugliest woman that ever draped her elbows on a bar. It was then that we heard the following con­ servation. "Gee, you dance well, Florence." "Why, Handsome, how did you know my name was Florence?" "We-1-1-1, I'll tell you; it's like this. When I came in here, so lonesomely, I asked the bartender who the prettiest girl in the place was. And he said, Florence. Then I turned around slowly, and there you were-Florence." Now I leave it to you, as students and men of experience, does this not prove the great versatility present in the modern student forester?

[ 71] llLUMNI Dlf(ECTO!(Y

Aaberg, Melvin, '40, Ogilvie, Minn. (GF), Hall Arrivee, David A., 'II, District Ranger, Dixie Na­ Lbr. Mills, Deer River, Minn. tional Forest, Cedar City, Utah. Aamot, A. Loren, '30, U.S.F.S., Jackson, Missis­ Asp, Claude S., '35, U.S.F.S., Shelterbelt; Box 492, sippi. Altus, Oklahoma. Abel, George W., '39, I720 Banks, Superior, Wis­ Aspi, Walter, '38, Aurora, Minnesota. consin. Appel, Theodore C., '37, 4I5-6th Ave., Duluth, Ackerman, Wayne, '39, 232 So. Duff, Ames, Iowa. Minnesota. (Teaching Fellowship, Iowa State). Backus, Romayne, 'I9, I935 Cheremoye Ave., Ackernecht, William, '33, Wildlife Refuge Divi­ Hollywood, California. sion, Washington, D. C. Baldwin, Donald, '35, Soil Conservation Service; Adams, Earl J., '36, Minnesota Forest Service, Big Box I93, Fessenden, No. Dak. Falls, Minnesota. Banson, Robert, 'I8. Adams, Harry, '32, U.S.F.S., Whitecloud, Michi­ Barlson, Phillip, '38, Lakeland, Minnesota. gan. Barrett, Wilford, '25, Carborundum Co., Niagara Adkins, John, '39, I68 Orlin Ave. S. E., Minne­ Falls, New York. apolis, Minnesota. Bartlet, Harry, 'I6, Boy Scouts of America; Du­ Ahern, John J., '35, U.S.F.S., Camp F-11, Nel­ luth, Minnesota. sonville, Ohio. Bateson, Allen R., '38, Cloquet Forest Experiment Ahern, Richard W., '40, Taunton, Minnesota. Station, Cloquet, Minnesota. Aldworth, Donald, 'I4, 456 Fourth Ave., New Baumhofer, L. G., '25, Bureau of Entomology and York, New York. Plant Quarantine, U.S.D.A., Washington, Alexander, Frank, '33, Wahl Pencil Co., Chicago, D. C. Illinois. Beard, F. W., 'II. Algren, Vern N., '35, Hutchinson, Minnesota. Becker, Albert F., '40, Barron, Wisconsin. Allen, P. T., 'I4. Bender, Edwin J., '36, Chaska, Minnesota. Ambrosen, Donald, '36, 3I5 E. King St., Winona, Bensend, Dwight W., '37, Div. Forestry, Univer- Minnesota. sity Farm; I I I 3-8th St. S. E., Minneapolis, Amidon, George B., '36, Minnesota Forest Service, Minnesota. Ranger Station, Deer River, Minnesota. Beardsley, Charles, '3 I, Tahoe National Forest, Andersen, Axel L., '37, Michigan State College of Forest Hill, California. Agriculture, Dept. Botany, East Lansing, Behr, Eldon, '40, 2633-29th Ave. S., Minne­ Michigan. apolis, Minnesota. Anderson, A. A., '22, 37I4 East St. Mariemont, Benson, Arnold 0., 'IO, Forest Products Lab., Cincinnati, Ohio. Madison, Wisconsin. Anderson, Carl H., '30. Benson, C. Eynar, '30, U.S.F.S., Laurel, Mississippi. Anderson, Carl Roan, '32, Indian Service, Ash­ Berggren, Harold, '24, Weyerhaeuser Lumber Co., land, Wisconsin. Jamestown, New York. Anderson, Clarence, '3I, U.S.F.S., 732 Meadow Bergh, Thor, '35, Soil Conservation Service, St., Columbia, South Carolina. Winona, Minnesota. Anderson, Edmund N., '39, care of Oliver Mining Bergstrom, Edward W., '38, 102 S. 20th Ave. East, Co., Timber Dept., Duluth, Minnesota. Duluth, Minnesota. Anderson, Edwin R., '37, 569 Rose St., Duluth, Bergstrom, Everett C., '38, 545 North Snelling Minnesota. Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota. Anderson, Frank H., '3I, T. F. Gunflint Camp, Berry, J. B., '10, Waverly Citrus Growers Co-Op.; Grand Marais, Minnesota. Waverly, Florida. Anderson, Philip C., '38, Box 24I, East Lansing, Betzer, W. D., '34, U.S.F.S., Rhinelander, Wis­ Michigan. consin. Anderson, P. 0., 'I7, I6I4 Jefferson Ave., St. Beyer, Walt F., '12, care of Home Investment Co., Paul, Minnesota. 59 Maiden Lane, New York, New York. Anderson, Robert, '30, I49 Eastwood Drive, San Berkley, John W., '38, 6000 Nicollet Ave., Min­ Francisco, California. neapolis, Minnesota. ~ Anderson, Roger F., '38, II66 Burr Ave., St. Paul, Binger, Charles Robert, 2020 Summit Ave., St. Minnesota. Paul, Minnesota. Anderson, Victor C., '37, Box I43, Oakes, North Bingham, Robert, '40, Arlington Heights, Illinois. Dakota. Biskey, George W., '37, D. A. Camp No. I7, Anderson, Vincent M., '38, 82IO-I6th Ave. So., Petersham, Massachusetts. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Bjorgum, Eldor, '31, Side Lake, Minnesota. Anderson, Waldemar, '29, U.S.F.S., Ho<_>dsport, Bjornstad, E. G., '26. Washington. Blage, Rev. Orland C., St. Andrews Episcopal Anderson, Walter T., '40, 27I 1 N. E. Marshall, Church, Lawton, Okla. Minneapolis ( GF). Blakemore, Lemuel, '40, Patuxent Research Refuge, Bowie, Maryland. Andrews, Shirlee, '39, Wood Preserving Corp., Blandin, H. M., '25, Quincy, Illinois. Charleston, South Carolina, Box 871. Blatter, Paul M., '28, 835 East Second St., Port Anneberg, Robert B., '2I, Sargview, Washington. Angeles, Washington. (Dentist). Blodgett, Harvey P., '12, Rt. 1, Erhard, Minnesota. Arie, Herman, '36, Norwood, Minnesota. Boettcher, Paul, '30, Eveleth Nursery~ Eveleth, Armstrong, J. J., '21. Minnesota.

[ 72] WOOD PRESERVATION • • . . . lS CONSERVATION

« • »

MILLIONS of dollars worth of forest products are saved annually through the use of effective wood pre­ servatives.

BILLIONS of board feet of 1umber are protected each year against degrade and deterioration during air-seasoning.

Properly treated sash and millwork products have kept this market for wood against the strong competition of substitutes.

The preservative treatment of pulp and fibre board products and insulation materials has greatly in­ creased their life and markets.

Pressure-treated, clean and economically protected lumber and poles are now becoming available.

The chlorinated phenols lead in their effectiveness and adaptability for the protection of all types of forest products.

There is a Permatox for Every Use

« • » A. D. CHAPMAN & COMPANY, Inc. Chemicals for Wood Preservation -Chicago New Orleans Portland Boobar, Ross W., '38, Paynesville, Minnesota. Chase, Clarence, '30, Manistique, Ranger District, Borlaug, Norman E., '37, Plant Pathology, Uni­ Hiawatha National Forest, Manistique, Mi­ versity Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. chigan. Bousquet, Vincent W., '37, New England F. E. P., Chase, Warren W., '26, 4650 N. Port Washington New Hampshire. Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Boyeson, George, '39, 1407 Sherburne, St. Paul, Cheo, K. H., Dept. of Forestry, University of Minnesota. Kwhangsi, Siuchowi, Kevangsi, China. Bowan, Clarence W., '11. Cherwynak, Michael S., '37, 150 West Poplar, Braden, Kenneth, '14. Chisholm, Minnesota. Brandborg, Morley, F., '36, U.S.F.S., State Creek Chesebrough, Herbert S., '23. Ranger Station, Kremling, Colorado. Christenson, Clyde, '29, Division of Plant Path­ Brauer, Rudie, '38, Rock Rapids, Iowa. ology, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Brayton, S. C., '20, U.S.F.S., Mio, Michigan. Christianson, D. A., '26. Brener, W. H., '30, Wisconsin Conservation Dept., Christopherson, Clifford, '24, 1109 West Lawrence Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. St., Appleton, Wisconsin. Brewster, D. R., '16, Herty Foundation Laboratory. Christopherson, Ralph, '33, E. S. W., Brimson, Brink, David, '39, 1061 Lombard Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota. Clark, Edgar, '28, I 261 Nineteenth St., Fargo, Broderick, Martin, '16. North Dakota. Brown, Howard L., '35, Dora Lake Camp, Chip- Clark, Floyd F., '37, 579 Gillmore St., Jacksonville, pewa National Forest, Cass Lake, Minnesota. Florida. Browmlie, James R., '11, Forest Service. Clark, Robert E., '40, U.S.F.S., Shasta, California. Bryan, P. H., '24, U.S.F.S., Alexandria, Louisiana. Clark, Robert H., '35, Camp S-58, Wilton, Min­ Buckman, Clarence, '40, Lake States Forest Experi- nesota. ment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Clemet, Raymond, '27, Minnesota State Forest Buhler, Ernest 0., '13, 1680 Portland Ave., St. Service, State Office Bldg., St. Paul, Minnesota. Paul, Minnesota. Cline, H. Ray, '32, Soil Conservation Service, Lake Buckman, Stanley, '31, 609 Emery Road, Louis­ City, Minnesota. ville, Kentucky. Clough, Robert, '30, Bankers Life Insurance Co., Bulfer, Daniel, '30, U.S.F.S., Park Falls, Wis­ Red Wing, Minnesota. consin. Clymer, William R., '12, 1626 Laurel Ave., St. Burnes, J. D.,' 17, 906 Hersey Ave, St. Paul, Min­ Paul, Minnesota. nesota. Coffey, John J., '26, 1731 Laurel Ave., St. Paul, Burton, Sidney S., '23, 2521 Sumner, Lincoln, Minnesota. Nebraska. Cohn, Clarence A., '38, 1920 East Fifth, Duluth, Bussey, James A., '38, 1421 East River Road, Min- Minnesota. · neapolis, Minnesota. Colbe, Robert, Nicollet National Forest, Wisconsin. Cahill, Dorthea, '32, (see Mrs. Harold Engstrom). Colburn, Floyd, '34, U.S.F.S., Bena, Minnesota. Callinan, Harry, '33, S.C.S., Winona, Minnesota. Condit, Gordon, '40, River Falls, Wisconsin. (GF) Campbell, Donald, '32, Walker Camp, Walker, Yale School of Forestry, New Haven, Con­ Minnesota. necticut. Campbell, Hugh B., '11, Logging Superintendent, Connors, John James, Jr., '39, 3912 Elliot Ave., Weyerhaeuser Lumber Co., Klamath Falls, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Oregon. Connor, John Joseph, '38, 504 Arch St., Cloquet, Canavarr<;>, D. S., '07, 2736 Huuanu Ave., Hono­ Minnesota. lulu, Hawaii. Conrad, Norman, '40, I IOI Ross, St. Paul, Min­ Cann, John, '32, 1004 Fourth St., Portage River nesota. Camp, Ely, Minnesota. Conzet, C. M., '12, New England E. F. P. Carlson, C. Edward, '39, 113 West Cherry St., Cook, Oliver, '28, 3942 Queen Ave. North, Flour Stillwater, Minnesota. City Paper Box Co., Minneapolis, Minnesot1;1. Carlson, C. Homer, '27. Cooper, Arthur, '28. Carlson, Conrad, '32, Marcell, Minnesota. Cooper, George, '25, Sunset Drive, Grossmont, Carlson, John, '40, R: I, Box 73A, Barnum, Min- Lanness, California. nesota (G.F.) Cox, W. T., '06, 2186 Doswell Avenue, St. Paul, Carlson, Philip 0., '38, 1186 Grand Ave., St. Minnesota. Paul, Minnesota. Crane, Leo, '16, Tomahawk, Wisconsin. Carr, Gordon H., '33, Camp F-27, Deer River, Crew, John, '29, 3233-2lst Ave. South, Minne­ Minnesota. apolis, Minnesota. Carter, Roy M., '35, Extension Forester, University Cummings, Thos. S. C., '14, Fort Benton, Mon­ of Wisconsin College of Agriculture, Madison, tana. Wisconsin. Cuzner, Harold, '05, Dept. of Forestry, Laguna Case, James M., '36, 4853 Third Ave. South, Min­ Province, Philippine Islands. neapolis, Minnesota. Dahl, Earl B., '39, Axton, Oklahoma. Cedar, William J., '36. Danielson, Kenneth, '36, Intermountain Forest and Chapman, A. Dale, '29, 7 South Dearborn St., Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah. Chicago, Illinois. Day, Maurice W., '31, Dunbar Forest Experiment Chapman, H. H., '99, Yale Forest School, New Station, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Haven, Connecticut. Davis, Edward, '40, Portal, North Dakota. Davis, Harry J., '39, Box 298, Redwing, Minne­ Chapman, Roy A., '27, Southern Forest Experi­ sota, Dispatcher, U.S.F.S. ment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dech, Keith, '38, Randolph Field, Texas. Chance, Jenner D., '15, Highway Department, Deering, Robert, '10, U.S.F.S., Phelan Bldg., San North Dakota. Francisco, California.

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Saginaw, Michigan New York City Deen, J. Lee, '27, Forest Bldg., Colorado State Engstrom, Mrs. Harold, '32, 616 North 35th St.., College, Div. of Forestry, Ft. Collins, Colorado. Lincoln, Nebraska. De Flon, Rev. L. L., '18, Holmen, Wisconsin. Enstrom, Warren, '38, Bovey, Minnesota. De Laittre, Calvin L. '38, 1301 West Br9adway, Ercegovich, John, '39, Box 285, Gilbert, Minne­ Minneapolis, Minnesota. sota. DeLeuw, Robert E., '38, 4716 Portland Ave. South, Erickson, Eugene T., '26, Millbrook, New York. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Erickson, Legden N., '21, Western Pine Associa­ Dellberg, Robert '35, Kingman, Kansas. tion, 510 Y eon, Portland, Oregon. Dennis, Henry M., '15, Takoma, Washington. Erickson, Herbert, '36, Bureau of Reclamation, Takoma Lumber Co. Room 14, Montana Bldg., Helena Montana. Densmore, Jack, '35, Soil Conservation Service, Erickson, M. L., '04, Flandreau, South Dakota. Viroqua, Wisconsin. Erson, Roy J., '35, 1112.,----17th Ave. S. E., Min­ Deters, Merrill' 28, 126 Division St., East Lansing, neapolis, Minnesota. Michigan. Erson, Walter, '40, 1112-17th Ave. S. E., Min- Detwiler, S. B., '06, Soil Co~ervation Service, neapolis, Minnesota. Washington, D. C. Erstad, Andrew, '13. Dickinson, Fred E., '38, Day Lake Camp, Deer Ester!, Oswald, '39, Park Falls, Wisconsin. River, Minnesota. Evan, Tom R., '36, Soil Conservation Service, Diessner, Don, '40, Waconia, Minnesota (GF). Caledonia, Minnesota. Dingle, Roy H., '35, Platteville, Wisconsin, S.C.S. Evenson, Clarence M., '34, Camp Riley Creek, Dion, Carl R., '38, Indian Service, Grand Portage, Fifield, Wisconsin. · Minnesota. Everts, Ambrose, '26, Assistant Director, New Eng­ Dobie, John, '35, Pokegama Sanitarium, Pokega­ land Salvage Adm., State of Connecticut. ma, Minnesota. Falbo, Joseph Patrick, '37, 2708 Third Ave., Hib­ Dockstader, Charles, '23, 2140 Niles St., St. Paul, bing, Minnesota. Minnesota. Fenger, Gunnar, '23, U.S.F.S., Plankington Bldg., Dolence, Frank, '31, U.S.F.S., Portage River Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Camp, Ely, Minnesota. Ferber, Arthur E., '35, 201 First Ave. N. W., Dolgaard, Sigrud, '36, U.S.F.S., Cass Lake, Min­ Mandan, North Dakota. nesota. Ferguson, Donald, '32, U.S.F.S., Cass Lake, Min­ Donehower, Ross, '40, Indian Service, Window nesota. Rock, Arizona. Finn, Raymond, '38, Black Rock Forest, Cornwall­ Donehower, Weston, '31, Soil Conservation Serv· on-the-Hudson, New York. ice, 637 College, Ave., Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Fischer, William, '28, U.S.F.S., 2323 Hearst Drive, Duclos, E. P., '27, 1802 Van Buren St., New Hol­ · Atlanta, Georgia. stein, Wisconsin. Fisher, James N., '37, Cooperative Forest Ranger, Dundas, Jack P., '35, Soil Conservation Service, Wisconsin Conservation Dept., Black River Ettrick, Wisconsin. Falls, Wisconsin. Dunn, F. M., '15. Folsom, 0. J., Bureau of Reclamation, Wagner, Dunne, J. L. South Dakota. Duram, Walter H., '39, 291 Atwater St., Saint Folkestad, James 0., 33 Lincoln, Deadwood, South Paul, Minnesota. Dakota. Duval, Thur, '33, Wood Conservation Co., Clo­ Forder, Milton,, '30, C.C.C. 705, Chippewa Na­ quet, Minnesota. tional Forest, Cass Lake, Minnesota. Dwyer, Paul E., '21, St. Paul, Minnesota. Forsberg, Carl, '17. Eaton, John J., '27, Bemis Bag Co., Cincinnati, Forus, George, '34, 303 East Anoka St., Duluth, Ohio. Minnesota. Eggen, Clarence, '39, Coweeta Experiment Station, Foster, Ellery, '28, U.S.F.S., Washington, D. C., Otto, North Carolina. 4115-3rd Rd. N., Arlington, Virginia. Eggen, Roy W., '37, District Forester, Wisconsin Fredrickson, Samuel, '31, Arkansas State Forest Conservation Dept., Antigo, Wisconsin. Service. Eisele, Ralph E., '37, 6305 Lyndale Ave. South, Freeman, Charles, '38, Menomonie, Wisconsin. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Freeman, George, '14, 131 Hooper Ave., Toms Eisenhack, Walter, '11. River, New Jersey. Elkington, Ralph, '40, Adams, Wisconsin. Freeman, Victor, '30, School of Forestry, Bot­ Eilertson, Birger, '35, Div. of Forestry, Ann Arbor, tineau, North Dakota. Michigan. Fricby, Samuel, '31, Indian Service, Red Lake, Ellstrom, Raymond W., '38, N. E. Forest Exp. Minnesota. Station, 335 Prospect St., New Haven, Con­ Frost, Orcutt W., '23, Gipson Co., Chicago, necticut. Illinois. Elo, Arne, '36, 404 Second Ave. North, Chisholm, Frudden, Glyde, '20, Green, Iowa. Minnesota. Fry, John R., '33, Soil Conservation Service, Eau Elston, Judson D., '37, 2027 Main St., LaCrosse, Claire, Wisconsin. Wisconsin. Garbisch, Kenneth, 34, Waltham, Minnesota. Emerson, Harold R., '38, Badger Lumber & Man- Gay, Chester, '25, Moose Lake, Minnesota. ufacturing Co., Oshkosh, Wisconsin. · Gelbmann, John M., '37, 1137 Gaultier Street, St. Emerson, William J ., '38, Perkinstown C.C.C. Paul, Minnesota. Camp, Perkinstown, Wisconsin. George, Ernest, '28, Northern Great Plains Field Engebretson, Alf. E., '39, 338-6th St., Hudson, Station, Mandan, North Dakota. Wisconsin. Engstrom, Albert, '37, Stringtown, Oklahoma. Gjerlow, Atle B., '16, Agustinas 1225, Piso 6, Engstrom, Harold, '32, 616 North 35th St., Lin­ Santiago de Chile, South America. coln, Nebraska. Givney, David, '33, Deer River, Minnesota.

[76] LEADERSHIP •••

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623 S. W. OAK STREET PORTLAND, OREGON Gilles, J. R., '11, 515 North 8th, Brainerd, Min­ Hauge, Adolph, '11, Forest Supervisor, U. S. nesota. Indian Service, Nespelen, Washington. Gjertsen, Joseph 0., '38, Sandstone, Minnesota. Hauser, George, '18, Athletic Dept., University of Goldberg, Hyman M., '26, Plains Shelterbelt Proj­ Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. ect, Witchita Falls, Texas. Haven, Ross, '33. Gordon, J. R., '25, Gardner Purchase Unit, Hawkins, Guy W., '37, Dept. of Forestry, Uni­ Springfield, Missouri. versity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Goudy, Robert L., '3 7, Seaforth, Minnesota. Hawkinson, Carl J., '15, Park Dept., Virginia, Grabow, Rudolph H., '20, U.S.F.S., Forest Super­ Minnesota. visor, Bedford, Indiana. Haworth, Robert, '13, Cleveland, Ohio. Grafton, Cuthbert, Centennial, Wyoming. Hedlund, R. V., Camp Supt. C.C.C., Michigan. Graham, S. A., '14, Div. of Forestry, University Helgeson, Robert, '40, 901 Ainsworth, Takoma, of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Washington. Granros, Clayton B., '37, Oliver Mining Co., Tim­ Henchel, Norman, '13. ber Dept., Duluth, Minnesota. Henderson, James, 36, 2228 Southern Ave., Grant, Albert, '28, Kabetogama State Forest, Camp Shreveport, Louisiana. S-52, Cusson, Minnesota. Henderson, Victor C., U.S.F.S., Cando, North Grapp, Lloyd, '21, U.S.F.S., Federal Bldg., Mil­ Dakota. waukee, Wisconsin. Henry, Edward, '39, Deceased. Gray, Donald, '31. Henry, Leslie, '26, Cochetopa National Forest, La Graves, Ralph L., '35, Portage River Camp, Ely, Garita, Colorado. Minnesota. Herion, George, '34, Assoc. For., Regional Office, Gregg, Donald N., '39, 1128 Dayton Ave., St. Indian Service, 607 Goodrich Bldg., Phoenix, Paul, Minnesota. Arizona. Griffin, Thos. A.; '13, 3529 Humboldt Ave. South, Hernyak, Michael, '39, 401 West Mapel St., Chis­ Minneapolis, Minnesota. holm, Minnesota. Grigg, Joseph, '32, U.S.F.S. Hess, Joe H., '40, 297 N. Chatworth, St. Paul, Gruenhagen, Richard H., '38, Dept. of Plant Minnesota. Path., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis­ Higgins, Donald J., '38, 936 Delaware Ave., Bend, consin. Oregon, Shevlin-Hixon Lbr. Co. Gustafson, George Edward, '39, 1720 Lackawanna Hill, Leon, '33, Cibola National Forest, Red Rock Ave., Superior, Wisconsin. Dist., Monticello, New Mexico. Haapala, Niilo J., '38, 219 Second St., Virginia, Hiller, Robert, '38, Wisconsin Conservation Dept., Minnesota. Baraboo, Wisconsin. Hagen, Alvin T., '37, U.S.F.S., Lassen Forest, Su­ Himebaugh, W. K., '27, Fort Snelling, Minnesota. sanville, California. Hoar, Walter G., '24. Hagen, Howard T., '38, Camp Riley Creek, Fifield, Hodgman, Arthur W., '12, Box 2456, Ketchikan, Wisconsin. Alaska, U.S.F.S. Hahn, Dewey, '35, Soil Conservation Service, Red Hoelscher, Louis B., '39, 431 Charles St., St. Paul, Wing, Minnesota. Minnesota. Hall, E. Howard, '13, 2174 Fairmount Blvd., Hofman, J. W., '11, Dept. of Forestry, North Eugene, Oregon. Carolina Agricultural College, Raleigh, North Hall, Wilson, '35, Medical School, University of Carolina. M:nnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Hogdal, Virgil, '40, Constance, Minnesota (GF). Hallin, William, '29, 33, Giannini Hall, Berkely, Holbrook, Edward, '35, Intermountain Range Ex­ California. periment Station, Ogden, Utah. Halvorson, George, '28. . Holdberg, Wayne W., '40, 717 S. E. Erie, Minne­ Halvorson, Harlo W. '38, 357 Kenilworth Ave., apolis, Minnesota. Duluth, Minnesota. Holmberg, Ralph E., '27. Hamilton, C. L., '11, Weyerhaeuser Sales Office, Holt, Ted, '34, U.S.F.S., Camp Stronack, Man­ First Natl.· Bank Bldg., St. Paul, Minnesota. istee National Forest, Michigan. Hamilton, Hubert, '23, McCloud River Lumber Homola, Jerome, '28, Chippewa National Forest, Co., McCloud, California. Cass Lake, Minnesota. Hamilton, William C., '37, 4126 Cason, Houston, Horn, Arthur, '33, Manistee National Forest, Texas. Michigan. Hamm, Philip C., '38, Como Station R. R. No. 3, Hovind, James H., '36, District Ranger Station, St. Paul, Minnesota. Wausaukee, Wisconsin. Hansen, Henry L., '35, Div. of Forestry, Univer­ Horton, Gerald S., '27, Horton Paint & Wall sity Far_m, St. Paul, Minnesota. Paper Store, 1513 Center, Pekin, Illinois. Hansen, E. Arnold, '37, U.S.F.S., Ogden, Utah. Huchenpahler, Bernard, '31, Soil Conservation Hansen, Thorwald S., '15, Forest Experiment Sta­ Service, High Point, North Carolina. tion, Cloquet, Minnesota. Hultengren, Richard D., '39, Forester, Nicolet Na­ Hanson, Ross, '40, 3040 James Ave. South, Min­ tional Forest, Rhinelander, Wisconsin. neapolis, Minnesota (GM). Hunt, Robley, '31, Bureau of Biological Survey, Harmon, Marvin, '38, Indian Service, Redby, Neenah, Wisconsin. Minnesota. Huntley, Phillip L., '39, Hill City, Minnesota. Harris, S. Grant, Jr., '12, Page & Hill C~., Min- Hupponen, Axel, '38, 1425 South 12th St., Vir­ neapolis, Minnesota. ginia, Minnesota, C.C.C. Camp 717, Side Lake, Hatrupee, Chas., '27. Minnesota. Hurley, Eugene, '36, Bureau of Reclamation, Wag­ Harvey, Harry, '28. ner, South Dakota. Hass, Howard C., '37, Soil Conservation Service, Hutchinson, Charles C., '39, 1006-13th Ave. Holman, Wisconsin. S. E., Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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Enjoy Every Night You Sleep in Camp WN a down-lnaulated 3-atar or 2-star forms hood. Talon hookless or Lilt-the-Dot 0 Woods Sleeping Robe and get sound. fastening. with broad down-filled underlap restful sleep regardless of the weather. underneath. Easy to air- opens out Oat. Drafts and cold shut out. Comfortable body Large and medium sizes. Choice of weights. heat retained. Body moisture paaaed out S42.00 to SSS.SO, bag and straps included. hygienically. Insulated all around with Lighter Woods Sleeping Robes for less. Ask Woods Everllve waterfowl down. Cozy, your dealer. If he can't supply you. order durable woolen lining. Water-repellent, direct and we will pay shipping cost. any· windproof, dustproof fabric cover. Room where in U. S. to stretch and kick. Tape-drawn bead flap CATALOG FREE

WOODS MFG. CO., LTD.. 453 Lake St.. Ogdensburg, N. Y. WARM WOODS DOWN SLEEPING R OB ES Hyatt, Harry, '26, Soil Conservation Service, Karkula, Alexander, '32. Placerville, California. Karow, Kenneth F., '39, Partridge River Camp, Hyde, Luther, '16, Scenic State Park C.C.C. Camp, Ely, Minnesota. Big Fork, Minnesota. Kaufert, Frank, '28, Div. of Forestry, University Ilg, Robert E. Lee, '3, Manitowish, Wisconsin. of Minnesota. Illstrup, Marshall R., '26, Deceased. Kaufman, Clem, '37, Assistant Extension Forester, Isaac, Leo A., '20, Pacific Northwest Experiment University Farm. Station, 423 U. S. Court House Bldg., Port­ Kauppi, Russel W., '38, 3 North 63rd Ave. West, land, Oregon. Duluth, Minnesota. Isaacson, George, '40, 4900-38th Ave. South, Keehn, Henry, '31, Lewisville, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Kelly, Miles W., '36, I 11 E. 22nd St., Holland, Isaacson, Wilbur, '32, U.S.F.S., Fredricktown, Michigan. Missouri. Kelsey, H. B., '26, 28I7-17th Ave. South, Min­ Iverson, Edward, '33, U.S.F.S., Baldwin, Michigan. neapolis, Minnesota. Jackson, Clayton, '32, U.S.F.S., Grand Marais, Kenety; Wm. H., '1 I, Book Paper Manufacturers Minnesota. Assoc., I 22 East 42nd St., New York City. Jackson, J. Allen, '38, Chequamegon National For­ Keogh, James A., '40, .I4 Park, Le Center, Min­ est, Drummond, Wisconsin. nesota. Jackson, Lyle, '26, Botany Dept., University of Kepman, Wm. G., '38, 386 College Ave., Winni­ Pennsylvania, 3427 Woodland Ave., Philadel­ peg, Manitoba, Canada. phia, Pennsylvania. Keskitalo, Roy William, '39, IOI Second St. North, Jacobson, Fred L., '39, Cumebrland, Wisconsin. Virginia, Minnesota. Jacobson, Karl A., '36, Deceased. Kienow, Erick P., '39, U.S.F.S., Milwaukee, Wis­ Jacobson, N. G., '10, Forester, St. Paul & Tacoma consin. Lumber Co., Tacoma, Washington. King, David B., '38, Deer Lake C.C.C. Camp S-95, Jacobson, Walter R., '35, Camp F-II, Clark oFrest, Effie, Minnesota. Ellsinore, Missouri. Kirk, Charles, '37, District Forester, Conservation Jahn, Phillip R., '39, Battery E, 215th CA (AA), Commission, Elkington, Missouri. Camp Haan, California. Kirtshaw, Dayton, '28, U.S.F.S., Buffalo, Wy­ Jahnke, Roland, '38, 2467 N. 6Ist St., Wauwatosa, oming. Wisconsin. Kissin, Joseph Z., '37, Deceased. Janelle, Harvey, '3 l. Kjeldson, Donald E., '39, 3 I45 Girard Ave. South, Janssen, George R., '26. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Jaskoviac, Raymond, '36. Kjelland, T. Kent, '38, Winona, Minnesota. Jensen, Haydon, M., '37, 939 West Central Ave., Knight, H. Robert, '22, Nickley Bros. Lumber Co., St. Paul, Minnesota. I886 Tutwiler Ave., Memphis, Tennessee. Jensen, Raymond A., '37, 3I8 Ave. B., Cloquet, Knoblauch, Charles J ., '3 I, Chippewa National Minnesota. Forest, Cass Lake, Minnesota. Jensen, Victor F., '25, 335 Prospect St., Northeast Knospe, Everill, '40, Cochrane, Wisconsin. Forest Exp. Station, New Haven, Connecticut. Knudson, Ray, '28, U.S.F.S., Chequamegon Na­ Johnson, Buford P., '39, I607 Tenth Ave. South, tional Forest, Park Falls, Wisconsin. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Knox, Richard, '40, 4631 Arden, Minneapolis, Johnson, Charles, '38, 4508 Wooddale Ave., Min­ Minnesota. neapolis, Minnesota. Knutson, Clarence E., '27, U.S.F.S., Cass Lake, Johnson, Clifford, 39, 1604 LaFond St., St. Paul, Minnesota. Minnesota. Knutson, Clifford, '27. Johnson, Harlan, '33, U.S.F.S., Kanab, Utah. Knobes, Karl G., '36, Bureau of Biological Survey, Johnson, Howard, '40, Box 5 I, Erskine, Minnesota. Thief River Falls, Minn. Johnson, Douglas J., '37, Highway Dept., Brain· Kolbe, Ernest, '27, 330 Giannini Hall, -University erd, Minnesota. of California, Berkeley, California. Johnson, Irwin H., '36, U.S.F.S., St. George, Kolbe, Robert M., '37, I31 I West 31st St., Min­ Utah. neapolis, Minnesota. Johnson, Oscar, 'I 6, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kopitke, John, '32, U. S. F. S., 552 Manistique Johnson, Roy A., '37, Mountain C.C.C. Camp, Ave., Manistique, Michigan. Mountain, Wisconsin. Koski, Onni, '3 6, Firestone Rubber Plantation, Johnson, Russell G., '39, 4628 West Eighth St., Monrovia, Liberia, West Africa. Duluth, Minnesota. Koski, Sulo, '33, Chippewa National Forest, Cass Johnson, Russel W., '35, Camp S97, Remer, Min­ Lake, Minnesota. nesoat. Kral, Milton, '39, 3667 E. Carpenter St., Cudahy, Johnson, Victor E., '39, 608 West 40th Place, Los Wisconsin. Angeles, California. Krauch, Herman C., 'IO, Southwestern Forest Ex­ Jolly, William, '33, West Norris Road, Norris, periment Station, U.S.F.S. Tennessee. Krefting, Lauritz, '3 2, 485 I North Mississippi Joranson, Philip N., '37, Graduate Work, Univer­ Drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota. sity of California. Kribs, D. A., '24, Forest School, Mt. Alto, Penn­ Juola, Arne W., '38, 921 Adams Ave., Eveleth, sylvania. Minnesota. Krogfoss, Oswald K., '35, Potomac River Flood Kafka, Edward S., '38, Antigo, Wisconsin (Brule, Control Survey, Box 762, Winchester, Virginia. Wisconsin, ECW). Kroll, Richard J., '38, Bemidji, Minnesota. Kalin, Frank G., '38, Box 44, Eveleth, Minnesota. Krueger, Carl G., '27, Shoshone National Forest, Kallio, Laurie, '40, 1455 E. Broadway, Glendale, Cody, Wyoming. California. Krumm, Charles, '39, 720 Cleveland, Manitowoc, Kaner, Arnold, '26, Minneapolis, Minn. Wisconsin.

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,,,,,,,,,,,, Complete Service Station and Garage at Cloquet Avenue and 15th Street Kuenzel, J. G., '26, U.S.F.S., Central States Forest Lotti, Thomas, '27, U.S.F.S., Potomac River Flood Exp. Station. Control Survey, Winchester, Virginia. Kuck, Frederick G., '37, 1918 St. Claire, St. Paul, Lozinsky, Fos, '33, U.S.F.S., Baptism Camp, Isa­ Minnesota. bella, Minnesota. Kukachka, Emil, '33, U.S.F.S., CCC 717, Side Lund, Peder N., '35, Soil Conservation Service, Lake, Minnesota. Baraboo, Wisconsin. Kukachka, Francis B., '37, Graduate Work, Div. Lynch, Donald B., '3 5, Soil Conservation Service, of Forestry, University Farm, St. Paul, Min­ Lanesboro, Minnesota. nesota. Lyne, Victor A., '24, Camp 134, Nevis, Minnesota. Kurki, Erick, '40, 324 East Eighth, Duluth, Min­ Lystrup, Herbert, '26. nesota. Major, William, '36, Eureka, Illinois. Laidlaw, Alan F., '3 2, Soil Conservation Service, Maki, Tenho, '30, U.S.F.S., U. S. Exp. Forest, Independence, Wisconsin. Bowie-Laurel Road, Laurel, Maryland. Laine, Edmund N., '37, 5130 Dorchester Ave., Manual, Ronald, '26, 514 Grace St., Albert Lea, Chicago, Illinois. Minnesota. Laitala, Ero, '33, Camp S-143, Big Falls, Minne- March, Robert Carl, '38, Fuller Goodmanson Co., sota. Marinette, Wisconsin. Lane, Forrest F., '39, Hopkins, Minnesota. Marks, Elmer, '29, U.S.F.S., Avery, Idaho. Lang, Robert, '38, Remsen, Iowa. Matilla, Uno, '27, Partridge River Camp, Aurora, Larson, Goodman K., '39, 617 Court Drive, Madi­ Minnesota. son, Wisconsin. Martin, Dean W., '11, Dept. of Internal Revenue, Larson, Jack E., '38, 421'--14th St. North, Vir­ Washington, D. C. ginia, Minnesota. Matturen, Herbert, '24, Ottawa National Forest, Lauer, Wilfred H. '35, Soil Conservation Service, Rockland, Michigan. Winona, Minnesota. Maughan, William, '25, Duke Forest School, Dur­ Lawson, Edward L., '27, Minnesota State Forest ham, North Carolina. Service, State Office Bldg., St. Paul, Minne­ Mayer, Arthur, '31. sota. McCreery, Otis M., '23, Dean of Men, Washington Lazzaro, Charles, '3 2, Deceased. State College, Pullman, Washington. Leach, Daniel J., '38, 1878 Selby Ave., St. Paul, McDonald, Loren, '39, Asst. Technician, U.S.F.S., Minnesota. Hayward, Wisconsin. Leaf, George, '27, 1101 Hyacinth St., Saint Paul, McFarland, Wm. A., '37, 328 East Harvey Sc., Minnesota. Ely, Minnesota. Leffelman, L. J., '24, R.F.D. No. 3, Sumter, South McGuire, John, '39, 1693 No. Cass St., Milwaukee, Carolina. Wisconsin. Lehmkuhl, Wm., '40, 1043 North 15th, Milwaukee, McMillan, Geddes E., '37, Farm Security Admin­ Wisconsin. istration, St. James, Minnesota. Leino, Tauno A., 2202-7 Yz St., Minneapolis, McMillen, John, '35, 3537 River Park Drive, · Minnesota. Louisville, Kentucky. Leskela, David M., '38, R. R. 1, Box 66, Chisholm, Meacham, Roger R., '38, 1061 S. Ashland Ave., Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota. Lewis, Charles L., Jr., '10, 125 South Oxford St., Mead, John S., '38, 1103 North 8th St., Burling­ St. Paul, Minnesota. ton, Iowa. Lidberg, Carl L., 831 Eagle Lake Road, Hennepin Meldahl, Martin, Heimbach Lumber Co., Duluth, County, Minnesota. Minnesota. Liden, Glenn F., '39, 2520-28th Ave. South, Min­ Menge, Melvin, '38, Deer Creek, Minnesota. neapolis, Minnesota. Merz, Robert W., '35, U.S.F.S., Sea Gull Camp, Lifson, Irving, '40, 1103 James Ave. North, Min­ Grand Marais, Minnesota. neapolis, Minnesota. Miettunen, Edwin, '39, Soudan, Minnesota. Lilligren, H. M., 4645 France Ave. S., Minne­ Michels, James H., '40, Nicollet, Minnesota. apolis, Minnesota. Miles, Clark W., '15, U.S.F.S., Ogden, Utah. Limstrom, Gustaf, '28, Nicollet National Forest, Miles, John, '40, 417-12th Ave. S. E., Minne- Wisconsin. apolis, Minnesota (GF). Lindeberg, George C., Lumber Business, Fairmont, Miles, Lee 0., '12, Box 241, Scranton, Pennsyl­ Minnesota. vania. Lindgren, R. M., '26, care of A. D. Chapman & Miley, Harry, '38, U.S.F.S. Co., Inc., 1602 Pere Marqeutte Bldg., New Miller, Kermit W., '38, West 2911 Sharpe Ave., Orleans, Louisiana. Spokane, Washington. Lindgren, Roger, '26, 718 Arlington St., Saint Mitchell, Harold, '30, Upper Susquehanna Flood Paul, Minnesota. Control Survey, 11 Bennett Ave., Binghamton, Lindstrom, Lorenz, '33. New York. Litchfield, Wickliffe, '25, U.S.F.S., 745 N. E. Mohl, Waldemar, '35, 4917 Nokomis Ave. South, Laurel, Portland, Oregon. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Livens, Warren H., '36, Nicolet National Forest, Moffett, Fred, Supervisor, White River, Arizona. Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Moir, John, '13, Administration Bldg., University Lohn, David, '38, Fosston, Minnesota. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Loomis, Edward, '40, 5623 Pillsbury Ave. So., Monson, Wilmar, '40, 711 Stark, Wausau, Wis­ Minneapolis; Minnesota ( GF). consin, (GF). Loomis, Joe, '38, Moline, Illinois. Moore, Francis I., '34, C.C.C., Grand Rapids, Min­ Lorenz, Ralph W., '30, Dept. of Forestry, Univer­ nesota. sity of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. Moore, Irving, '32, C.C.C., Bena, Minneso~a. Lorenz, Rolland, '30, Bureau of Plant Industry, Moore, Lee K., '31, Soil Conservation Service, Fari­ Washington, D. C. bault, Minnesota.

[ 82] •

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WEYERHAEUSER 4-Square • LUMBER Our forests ployed a vital part in the upbuilding of America. Today. in the rebuilding, this replen­ PRODUCT OF ishable resource continues to provide America with AMERICAN its leading building material. FORESTS WEYERHAEUSER 4-SQUARE• LUMBER is outstanding among building materials produced from the timber crop. Cut to exact lengths, with ends square and smooth, this IMPROVED lumber is ready for use • with a minimum amount of waste . • WEYERHAEUSER SALES COMPANY First National Bank Building • ST. PAUL MINNESOTA Moore, Leonard, '32, U.S.F.S., Bena, Minnesota. Olson, Forrest, '40, R. I., Box 67A, Iron Mountain, Moore, Walter M., '09, Box 234, Osborne, Ohio. Michigan (GF). Morley, Robert, '3 9, Battery E. 217-CA (AA) , Olson, George, '31, TVA Forestry Div., Box 133, Camp Haan, Riverside, California. Norris, Tenn. Morse, M., '35, Robbinsdale, Minnesota. Olson, George, '40, Wanamingo, Minnesota, Mortenson, Thomas P., '35, Enterprise, Oregon. (WT). Mosebrook, Harry S., '37, 718 Lawrence St., Ann Olson, Herman, '32, U.S.F.S., Duluth, Minnesota. Arbor, Michigan. Olson, Robert, '38, 621 Eighth St., International Mueller, A. T., '14. Falls, Minnesota. Mueller, Fred Robert, '3 7, 2818 Oakland Ave., Olson, Morris, '39, Welch, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Olson, Olaf C., '39, Fosston, Minnesota. Mueller, George F., '3.7, Box 8, Hamburg, Min­ Olson, Stanley, '3 2, Shawnee National Forest, nesota. Rosiclare, Illinois. Mueller, Lincoln A., '35, Nicolet National Forest, Olson, Vincent, Dept. of Commerce, 2122 P. St. Three Lakes, Wisconsin. N. W., Apt. 31, Washington, D. C. Murray, Donald W., '40, 500~th, Nashwauk, Oppel, A. F., '11. Minnesota. Orvold, Leonard, '40, 947 Iglehart, St. Paul, Min­ Myren, Theodore 0., '37, Soil Conservation Serv­ nesota. ice, Ellsworth, Wisconsin. Orr, John E., '12. Nauman, Elmo, '33, 2025 Pine St., San Francisco, Orr, Leslie W., '27, Bureau of Entomology, Wash­ California. ington, D. C. Neetzel, John, '29, Uppen Peninsula Exp. Forest, Osborne, Ray,'31, U.S.F.S., Ontanagon, Michigan. Dukes, Michigan. Ostergaard, Harold, '24, Dept. of Conservation, Nelson, Alvin E., '38, Lake States Forest Exp. Sta­ State Office Bldg., St. Paul Minnesota. tion, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Ostrander, Myron, '36, 17 Pleasant View St., Nelson, Alf. Z., '31, U.S.F.S., Washington, D. C. Jewett City, Connecticut. Nelson, Arthur L., '23, U.S.F.S., Hot Springs, Otto, Kermit L., '39, Frazee, Minnesota. Arkansas. Overholt, Donald, '39, 5112 Hankerson Ave., Nelson, Eugene C., '37, Austin, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Nelson, Earle W., '37, 1076 West Howard, Wi­ Palmer, Rev. Paul, '20, 1439 N. W. 30th St., nona, Minnesota. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Nelson, George, '40, Box 57, Hoorhead, Minne­ Panek, Edward, '35, U.S.F.S., Walker, Minnesota. sota (GF). Parr, Thad, '29, 66 Trumbull St., U. S. Bureau Nelson, Henry Q., '29, 2225 Fourth Street West, of Entomology, New Haven, Connecticut. Duluth, Minnesota. Parker, Lansing A., '35, Soil Conservation Service, Nelson, Leighton, '36. Faribault, Minnesota. Nelson, Leo W., '40, 5025~1st Ave. South, Min­ Patton, Edward A., 207-20th St. S. E., Minne­ neapolis, Minn. ( GF). apolis, Minnesota. Nelson, Norman 0., '35, U.S.F.S., Glidden, Wis­ Paul, Walter, '36, Soil Conservation Service. consin. Pauley, Scott, '39, Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin Con­ Nelson, Ralph ·K., '40, Grad. Work, University servation Dept. Farm, St, Paul, Minnesota. Pawek, Hugo, '36, Director, State CCC Camps, Nelson, Ralph M., '22, Appalachian Forest Exp. Box 231, Raleigh, North Carolina. Station, Asheville, North Carolina. Pearse, Wm. R., '12, Faribault, Minn. Nelson, Ralph W:, '34, Spruce Lake Camp, Two Peel, Wm. F., '25, Deceased. Harbors, Minnesota. Pendergast, Earl, '18. Nelson, Stanley C., '27. Perpich, Tony, Box 25, Ironton, Minnesota, care Nelson, Urban C., '36, Soil Conservation Service, of Indian Service, Window Rock, Arizona. Chillicothe, Missouri. Person, H. L., '21, California Forest Experiment Nerenberg, Ervin, '3 5, 139 Eva St., Saint Paul, Station, 330 Giannini Hall, Barkeley, Cali­ Minnesota. ' - fornia. Nermoe, Raymond C., '36, Oakes, North Dakota. Peterson, Bernie D., '37, Soil Conservation Service, Niehaus, Ted, '33, U.S.F.S., Quincy, California. River Falls, Wisconsin. Niemela, Leonard U., '38, Middle River, Minne- Peterson, Harry A., '29. sota. Peterson, Lyall, '31, U.S.F.S., Agriculture Bldg., Niles, Edward, '31, Chipp~wa National Forest Washington, D. C. Box 6, Cass Lake, Minnesota. ' Pettibone, Herman V., '.12, Chicago Mill and Lum­ Nord, Robert C., '38, 611 Denny St., Saint Paul ber Co., Chicago, Illinois. Minnesota. ' Piercy, Robert, '38, 2823 West 40th St., Minne­ Norgarden, Emil, '29, Siskiyou National Forest apolis, Minnesota. Powers, Oregon. ' Pillow, M. Y., '24, Forest Products Laboratory, Norman, Herbert C., '38, 1511 Raymond Ave., Madison, Wisconsin. St. Paul, Minnesota. Piras, Stanley, '28. Norman, Sigwald, '12, 511, Wallace, Couer Plant, George, '33, Camp S-98, Wilton, Minne­ d'Alene, Idaho. sota. Nuffer, Harry D., '13. Poirier, Samuel S., '37, Connecticut Timber Sal­ Oase, John A., '3 8, 1965 Berkeley Ave., St. Paul, vage Administration, Willimantic, Connecticut, Minnesota. Route 2. Ohl, Thomas Henry, '39, 374 Daly St., Saint Paul .· Porisch, John, '3 0, Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota. Fort Wright, Fishers Island Ne..'. · Bena, Minnesota. York. ' I' 'Post, Howard A., '39, Harvard Forest, Petersham, Olson, Clarence E., '31, Soil Conservation Service, Massachusetts. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 Price, Donald, '33, U.S.F.S., Moffat, Colorado.

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D. B. SMITH & CO 407 Main St. UTICA. N. Y. Hercule:s Equi pm~nc & Rubber Co. PAC IFIC COAST AGENTS: M :ll and Mine Supply. Inc. 550 Third St.• San Froncitco. Cal. 2?00 4th Ave. S., Seanlt. Wash. The Conwh:t Co. Carco·Conwhit Sale• Co. Roy G. Oavi• Compony 520 S.W. Pine Sc .• Portland. Ore. Klanuuh Falls. Oregon 6 17 E. Jrd Sc., Lo• AnNt lH, Cal. I N CANAOA : Safety Supply Co., T oronto. Montreal. Vancouv•r Probsdield, E. E., '23, Kisaran, Sumatra, Schmuck, Roger; 623 Liberty St., LaCrosse, Wis­ H.A.P.M., Netherlands, East India. consin. Puglsey, Gerald W., '35, Watersmeit, Michigan. Schneeweis, John, '38, 14 Eighteenth Ave. N. E., Pulkrabek, Leonard J., '36, Minnesota Forest North St. Paul, Minnesota. Service, Ely, Minnesota. Schneider, Arthur E., '31, U.S.F.S., 7026 Plankin­ Pulphal, Irwin, '30, Coeur d'Alene National Forest, ton Bldg., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Wallace, Idaho. Schneider, Phillip T., '38, Rt. I, Box 325, Summer, Quick, Russel, '3 1, 1166 Ivy St., Saint Paul, Min· Washington. nesota. Schoensee, Robert 0., '39, Linden, California. Racey, Charles, '25, Chequamegon National Forest, Schrader, Thomas A., '37, E.C.W. S-52, Orr, Hayward, Wisconsin. Minnesota.· Randall, Charles, '31, Deceased. Scholberg, Carl B., Jr., '39, 4305-15th N. E., Rathburn, Harold, '28, National Pole and Treat­ Seattle, Washington. ing Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota. Schroeder, Phillip M., '38, 1979 Ashland Ave., Rauenhorst, Duane G., '38, Fulda, Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota. Rheinberger, Robert, 2116 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, Schuft, Peter, '36. Minnesota. Schwor, Vincent, '39, 895 Fremont, St. Paul, Rhoads, Ralph, '16, Scott Paper Co., Chester, Minnesota. Pennsylvania. Schwabe, Gorden, '38, 1306 Van Buren St., Saint Rich, Ralph, '39, Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Paul, Minnesota. Florida. Schwartz, Roman A., '37, 1733 Selby Ave., St. Ridlington, Walter, '33, Desheng Indian Service, Paul, Minnesota. Kesheng, Wisconsin. Seaberg, George, '32, Superior National Forest, Rigg, Milford, '31, U.S.F.S. Chisholm, Minnesota. Ringold, Stanley, '14, 32 East 4th St., Saint Paul, Sealander, Kurt, '39, 148 Stillwell Ave., Kenmore, Minnesota. New York. Risbrudt, Clifford, '31, U.S.F.S., San Francisco, Seastrom, Paul, '34, Illinois Div. of Forestry, California. Benton, Illinois. Riss, John, '3 7, Grasshopper Control, U. S. Bureau Sedlacek, Edwin S., '38, 812 Smith Tower, Seattle, of Entomology. Washington. Ritchel, Raymond, '38, Chisholm, Minnesota. Seeback, Donald, Jr., '39, 1026 East Ave., Red Ritchie, Wm. A., '24. Wing, Minnesota. Ritter, Lawrence, '29. Seglem, Omund, '38, 1030-24th Ave. W., Du­ Roan, Audrey, '29, Gamble Store, Rochester luth, l\:'linnesota. Minnesota. Selover, Robert, '38, 4644 Emerson Ave. South, Robinson, Winfield R., '28, Great Lakes Indian Minneapolis, Minnesota. Agency, Ashland, Wisconsin. Settergren, Reuben, '29, Superior National Forest, Rockwell, F. I., '06, Extension Forester, Brookings, Duluth, Minnesota. South Dakota. Shadduck, Nobel, '26, 1133 First National Soo Roe, Arthur, '32, U.S.F.S., Brittmount, Minnesota. Bldg., Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rogosheske, George, '39, Sauk Rapids, Minnesota. Shearer, Charles F., '37 2848 Humboldt Ave. Romnes, Ragner, '35. South, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rose, Logan, '14. Sheehan, John H., '22, White River Lumber Co. Rosendahl, Russel, '36, Dept. of Botany, Univer­ Sheffield, Ernest F., '24, 3009 Hennepin Ave., sity of Hawaii, Honolulu. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Roussopolos, Harold D., '38, 262 Stevens St., Shema, Bernard F., '37, 703-14th Ave. S. E., Saint Paul, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Royer, Wm., '30, U.S.F.S., Missoula, Montana. Shutes, Ogden L., '39, Crater Lake Box and Lum­ Rudolph, Paul, '28, Lake States Forest Experiment ber Co., Sprague River, Oregon. Station, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Sihvonen, Sulo, '36, District Supervisor of C. T. Rundgren, John A., '33, U.S.F.S., Buford, Colo­ & D. Co., Route 3, Bastrop, Louisiana. rado. Simpson, Charles, '13, U.S.F.S., Couer d'Alene, Saarnio, Edwin, '38, 223 W. 4th St., Duluth, Min­ Idaho. nesota. Skarra, John, '38. St. Amant, Paul, '31, Chippewa National Forest, Sheridan, Edgar, '27. Black Duck, Minnesota. Sischo, Paul C., '15. St. Amant, Robert, '32, Superior National Forest, Smith, Howard, '3 2, Pinedale Ranger Station, Duluth, Minnesota. Arizona. St. Marie, Adrian, '14. Smith, Richard C., '3 7, American Creosoting Co., Sandberg, Victor, '33, U.S.F.S., Williams, Ari­ Louisville, Kentucky. zona,. Soland, Orio, '32, Norway, Michigan. Sanders, R. Dale, '32, Chequamegon National Spencer, Obadiah K., '39, R. R. H., Leavenworth, Forest, Park Falls, Wisconsin. Kansas. Sargent, George, '26, U.S.F.S., Box 277, Mount Spink, Harold W., '14, Kansas City, Missouri. Shasta, California. Stacey, Edgar, '40, Walker, Minnesota. Savre, Oliver H., '13, Forest Service, Dept. of Stanek, Edward, '39, 1655 Messler St., Muskegon, Lands and Minerals, Ottawa, Canada. Michigan. Sauer, John E., '37, Y.M.C.A., Tacoma, Wash- Stearns, Alvin C., '38, Experiment Station, ington. Schaar, Roland, '33, Locust Heights, Athens, Ohio. H.S.P.A., Box 151, Waialua, Oahu, T. H. Schmidt, Norton, '38. Sterba, Webster, '31. Schmitz, Howard B., '39, 1017 River Ave., Stevens, Raymond, '23, 4416 McCullock, Duluth, Spooner, Wisconsin. Minnesota.

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Cloquet Avenue at Ninth Stevenson, J. A., '12, Bureau of Plant Industry, Upton, Nelson, '24, Marks Apt., New Haven, Con­ 4113 Emery Place, Washington, D. C. necticut, U. S. Dept. of Entomology. Stewart, D. M., '31, 219 Federal Bldg., Duluth, Van Alstine, Neil J., '28, U.S.F.S., New Castle, Minnesota. Virginia. Stoehr, Henry, '33, Camp S.C.S.-25, Greenville, Verrall, Arthur F., '27, Asst. Forest Pathologist, Illinois. So. Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Stolpe, Robert, '39, Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Louisiana. ' Florida. Vesall, David B., '39, Carlos Avery State Nursery, Stoudt, Jerome, '31, Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota. Cass Lake, Minnesota. Wackerman, A. E., '21 Duke Forest School, Dur­ Streintz, Augustine, '23, U.S.F.S., Glenn Bldg., ham, North Carolina. Atlanta, Georgia. Wagle, Robert, '40, 1317 S. E. 6th, Minneapolis, Strimling, Henry, '28, 1008 Goodrich Ave., St. Minnesota. Paul, Minnesota. Wagner, Roy, '32, U.S.F.S., Regional Office, San Stritman, Harvey, '32, Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Francisco, California. Stuart, Alice, '33, New York State College of Walker, Dodd K., '38, Utica, Minnesota. Forestry, Syracuse, New York. Wallin, Carl E., '40, Grantsburg, Wisconsin. Sturtevant, Arthur, '35, 2611 Polk St. N. E., Min­ Wangaard, Fred, '33, Forestry School, University neapolis, Minnesota. of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Sunday, C. W., '23, 4022 Harriet, Minneapolis, Watterberg, Philip, '34, Box 253, Holdredge, Minnesota. Nebraska. Swanbeck, H. S., '27, 1601-1 lth Ave. South, Watts, Paul Kenneth, '26. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Webb, William L., '25. Swanson, Herbert W., '18, Kimberly-Clark Corp., Weber, Henry, '11, Div. of Forestry, State Office Neenah, Wisconsin. Bldg., St. Paul, Minnesota. Sweeney, John, '40, 2166 Goodrich Ave., St. Paul, Weber, Warren Bruce, '39, 24 South 77th St., Minnesota. Belleville, Illinois. Sword, Wayne, '34, Clark Purchase Unit, U.S.F.S., Weinstein, Yale, '3 7, Logging Superintendent, St. Louis, Missouri. New Mexico Timber Co., Box 33, Jamez Taplin, James B., '38, 177 West Winifred St., Springs, New Mexico. Saint Paul, Minnesota. Weise, Clarence, '30. Taylor, John M., '39, Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Welch, Douglas, '40, 1521 Charles St., LaCrosse, Teitgen, Robert, '40, Waldo Blvd., Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Wisconsin (GF). Wellberg, Ernest, '31, U.S.F.S., Duluth, Minn. Terch, Lawrence P., '38, Box 375, Virginia, Min­ Wellein, Edward, '39, Grand Rapids, Minnesota. nesota. Weswig, Carl, '24, S.C.S., Lewiston, Minnesota. Tesaker, Arvid, '30, 1156 E. Bowman St., Sound Wheeler, Russ E., '3 5, 1703 Berkley Ave., St. Paul, Bend, Indiana. Minnesota. Thayer, Burton, '22, 2400 Baume Ave., St. Paul, Whitechurch, Benjamin M., '28, U.S.F.S., Meeken Minnesota. (winter), Buford (summer) Colorado. Thiry, Carl N., '36, 433 Fuller Ave., St. Paul, White, Keith J., '39, 629 Highland Ave., Bremer­ Minnesota. ton, Washington. Thomas, R. D., Jr., '29, E. Mpls. Insurance Agen­ Whiton, Arthur L., '21, Chicago Mill and Lumber cy, 430 E. Hennepin, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Co., Chicago, Illinois. Thompson, F. M., '37, North Star Lumber Co., Whitney, Fenton, '27, Whitman National Forest, Two Harbors, Minnesota. Baker, Oregon. Thomson, Roy B., '25, Duke School of Forestry, Wiggin, G. H., '13, Robinson Agricultural Experi­ Durham, North Carolina. ment Substation, Quicksand, Kentucky. Thor~n, Del W., '36, Box 6, Mena, Arkansas. Wiljama, Leo E., '34, 525-16th Ave. S. E., Min- Tierney, D. P., '06, 428 Dayton Ave., St. Paul, neapolis, Minnesota. Minnesota. Williams, David M., '29. Tilden, Floyd, '23, Lake Itasca, Minnesota. Williams, Donald, '11. Tilden, R. B., '29, 253 Louis St., Saint Paul, Min- White, Charles, '39, Lake States Forest Experiment nesota. Station, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Tobin, Floyd, '13, Lewiston, Idaho. Williamson, Lyman, '36, Wisconsin Conservation Tofte, Albert, '32, Tofte, Minnesota. Department, Madison, Wisconsin. Toren, John P., '38, Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Williamson, Malcolm J ., 306 Sixth St., Hudson, Townsend, Richard, '36, 236 Lewis St., Duluth, Wisconsin. Minnesota. Wilson, Earl G., '27, Nursery Supt., U.S.F.S., Trench, Paul E., '27, 4024 Central Ave., Minne­ Chilcothe, Ohio. apolis, Minnesota. Wilson, Lawrence L., '38, 3648 Clinton Ave. South, Trygstad, Gordon M., '39, 1492 North Hamline, Minneapolis, Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota. Wilson, Robert, '12, 16505 Mission Blvd., San Tucker, Frank E., '39, Oregon Lumber Co., Unity, Fernando, California. Oregon. Wilson, Walter, '25, U.S.F.S., Park Falls, Wis­ Tuttle, L. S., '17, L. S. Tuttle Lumber Co., 216 consin. Pere Marquette Bldg., Minneapolis, Minnesota. Winkler, Waldemar A., '36. Turnquist, Clinton 0., '37, 2628 Thomas Ave. Withee, Orville A., '40, 4317 Standish Ave. South, North, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Tysk, Harold, '32, S.C.S., Magdalena, New Wittenkamp, Richard, '30, Wisconsin State Forest Mexico. Service, Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Underwood, Clarence, '10, 305 North 4th Ave., Wogenson, Adolph K., '29, U.S.F.S., Oakley, Yakima, Washington. Idaho.

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PARK CO-OPERATIVE OIL ASSOCIATION Gas Expert Cm Greasing MIDLAND Oils Battery Chmging Grease Tire Repairing CO-OP PRODUCTS Batteries and Fuel Oil I Accessories Telephone: HEstor 9060 SAINT PAUL. MINNESOTA 2277 Como Avenue West Wood, Raymond J., '38, Graduate Work, Div. of Young, Paul, 11. Forestry, University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Youngren, P. W., '24. Woodford, Reinold, '30. Zabel, Robert A., '38, Plainview, Minnesota. Woolery, Ronald, '31, 329 So. Robinson, Mangom, Zeff, Milton, '35. Oklahoma. Zeigler, Karl, '34, U.S.F.S., Hutchinson, Kansas. Wuoltee, Alden L., '39, Ft. Bragg, California. Zierke, E. A., '26, 2074 Princeton Ave., St. Paul, Wuori, Eino R., '38, 106 -8Yz St. South, Vir­ Minnesota. ginia, Minnesota. Zietlow, Richard G., '38, 1322 Thomas St., Saint Wyatt, C. Gordon, '36, U.S.F.S., District Ranger, Paul, Minnesota. Foxperk, Wyoming. Zillgitt, Walt M., '32, U.S.F.S., Escanaba, Wyman, H. E., '15, Hollister, California. Michigan.

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