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The German North Sea Ports' Absorption Into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914
From Unification to Integration: The German North Sea Ports' absorption into Imperial Germany, 1866–1914 Henning Kuhlmann Submitted for the award of Master of Philosophy in History Cardiff University 2016 Summary This thesis concentrates on the economic integration of three principal German North Sea ports – Emden, Bremen and Hamburg – into the Bismarckian nation- state. Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Emden, Hamburg and Bremen handled a major share of the German Empire’s total overseas trade. However, at the time of the foundation of the Kaiserreich, the cities’ roles within the Empire and the new German nation-state were not yet fully defined. Initially, Hamburg and Bremen insisted upon their traditional role as independent city-states and remained outside the Empire’s customs union. Emden, meanwhile, had welcomed outright annexation by Prussia in 1866. After centuries of economic stagnation, the city had great difficulties competing with Hamburg and Bremen and was hoping for Prussian support. This thesis examines how it was possible to integrate these port cities on an economic and on an underlying level of civic mentalities and local identities. Existing studies have often overlooked the importance that Bismarck attributed to the cultural or indeed the ideological re-alignment of Hamburg and Bremen. Therefore, this study will look at the way the people of Hamburg and Bremen traditionally defined their (liberal) identity and the way this changed during the 1870s and 1880s. It will also investigate the role of the acquisition of colonies during the process of Hamburg and Bremen’s accession. In Hamburg in particular, the agreement to join the customs union had a significant impact on the merchants’ stance on colonialism. -
JTI Invests in Innovations in Yelets
JTI Invests in Innovations in Yelets Yelets, Lipetsk Region, February 1, 2016 – The JTI Yelets factory (part of JTI Group) has invested over 300 million rubles in a sustainable cogeneration plant producing heat and power from natural gas. The company’s own heat and power plant will help improve the environment in Yelets, reduce the burden on the city’s grid and ensure uninterruptible power supply. The cogeneration plant has no equal in Lipetsk Region by efficiency, which reaches 88 percent. The CHP has an electrical output of 3,638 MW and heat output of 3,089 Gcal/h. Unlike a regular power plant, where all the produced heat is lost to the environment, the cogeneration station uses heat for production and heating purposes, which helps reduce carbon dioxide and other air pollutants by a factor of 2 to 3 and make the air in the city cleaner. “The JTI Yelets factory continues to develop rapidly and implement innovations. The company has invested over 75 million US dollars in the factory over the past eight years and the new project is yet another evidence of our commitment to continuous improvement. The launch of the cogeneration plant will improve not only the plant’s power efficiency and environmental safety, but the city’s energy infrastructure as well,” said Timur Mutaev, General Director of JTI Yelets. In addition to the stand-alone power plant, the factory also constructed a new cable line to supply power to several neighboring socially significant buildings, including the fire department. When disconnecting from the city power grid, the factory will present this cable line to Yelets municipal services. -
Artenschutzprogramm Adler
Ministerium für Ländliche Entwicklung, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Brandenburg (MLUV) Referat Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Naturschutz Heinrich-Mann-Allee 103 14473 Potsdam Tel: (03 31) 8 66-72 37 und -70 17 Fax: (03 31) 8 66-70 18 E-Mail: [email protected] www.mluv.brandenburg.de ARTENSCHUTZPROGRAMM ADLER 551247_808_Adler_US.indd1247_808_Adler_US.indd 1 119.10.20059.10.2005 99:29:52:29:52 UhrUhr Impressum Artenschutzprogramm Adler Herausgeber: Ministerium für Ländliche Entwicklung, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz des Landes Brandenburg (MLUV) Referat Presse- und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Heinrich-Mann-Allee 103 14473 Potsdam Tel: (03 31) 8 66-72 37 und -70 17 Fax: (03 31) 8 66-70 18 E-Mail: [email protected] www.mluv.brandenburg.de Text ............................. Thomas Müller (Berlin), Dr. Torsten Langgemach (Buckow), .............................................. Kerstin Sulzberg (Berlin), Dr. Dieter Köhler (Potsdam) Layout, Grafik, Satz und Tabellensatz ...................crossmedia gmbh, Benedikt Roller Grafik der Jahreszyklen ...........................................................Nikolai Kraneis (Berlin) Umschlaggestaltung, Diagramme, Litho ............................................................MLUV Titelfoto (rufender junger Schreiadler) ..................................................... Dietmar Nill Herstellung .....................................................möller druck und verlag GmbH, Berlin Potsdam, Oktober 2005 Diese Druckschrift wird im Rahmen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit -
Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
The Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia
THE DISTRICTS OF NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA S D E E N R ’ E S G N IO E N IZ AL IT - G C CO TIN MPETENT - MEE Fair_AZ_210x297_4c_engl_RZ 13.07.2007 17:26 Uhr Seite 1 Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe 50 Million Customers in Germany Can’t Be Wrong. Modern financial services for everyone – everywhere. Reliable, long-term business relations with three quarters of all German businesses, not just fast profits. 200 years together with the people and the economy. Sparkasse Fair. Caring. Close at Hand. Sparkassen. Good for People. Good for Europe. S 3 CONTENTS THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY 4 WHAT DO THE DIstRIcts DO WITH THE MoneY? 6 YoUTH WELFARE, socIAL WELFARE, HEALTH 7 SecURITY AND ORDER 10 BUILDING AND TRAnsPORT 12 ConsUMER PRotectION 14 BUSIness AND EDUCATIon 16 NATURE conseRVAncY AND enVIRonMentAL PRotectIon 18 FULL OF LIFE AND CULTURE 20 THE DRIVING FORce OF THE REGIon 22 THE AssocIATIon OF DIstRIcts 24 DISTRIct POLICY AND CIVIC PARTICIPATIon 26 THE DIRect LIne to YOUR DIstRIct AUTHORITY 28 Imprint: Editor: Dr. Martin Klein Editorial Management: Boris Zaffarana Editorial Staff: Renate Fremerey, Ulrich Hollwitz, Harald Vieten, Kirsten Weßling Translation: Michael Trendall, Intermundos Übersetzungsdienst, Bochum Layout: Martin Gülpen, Minkenberg Medien, Heinsberg Print: Knipping Druckerei und Verlag, Düsseldorf Photographs: Kreis Aachen, Kreis Borken, Kreis Coesfeld, Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, Kreis Gütersloh, Kreis Heinsberg, Hochsauerlandkreis, Kreis Höxter, Kreis Kleve, Kreis Lippe, Kreis Minden-Lübbecke, Rhein-Kreis Neuss, Kreis Olpe, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, Kreis Siegen-Wittgenstein, Kreis Steinfurt, Kreis Warendorf, Kreis Wesel, project photos. © 2007, Landkreistag Nordrhein-Westfalen (The Association of Districts of North Rhine-Westphalia), Düsseldorf 4 THE DIstRIct – THE UNKnoWN QUAntITY District identification has very little meaning for many people in North Rhine-Westphalia. -
Polscy Zesłańcy Po Powstaniu Styczniowym Na Południu Guberni
STUDIA POLONIJNE T. 34. Lublin 2013 SERGIUSZ LEON´ CZYK POLSCY ZESAN´ CY PO POWSTANIU STYCZNIOWYM NA POUDNIU GUBERNI JENISEJSKIEJ W DRUGIEJ POOWIE XIX WIEKU W latach 1863-1867 zesano do Rosji europejskiej, na Kaukaz i na Syberie okoo 25 200 Polaków, kilkuset chopów ukrain´skich i biaoruskich oraz Rosjan, którzy przyaczyli sie do powstania z pobudek ideowych. Wraz z zesan´cami przybyo 1800 ich krewnych, co Iacznie stanowio prawie 27 000 osób. Do tej liczby nalezy dodac´ 6000 osób wcielonych do rot aresz- tanckich na terenie Rosji europejskiej. Razem stanowi to liczbe 33 000 osób. Z tej grupy – 18 600 osób przybyo na Syberie (16 800 zesan´ców oraz 1800 osób towarzyszacych). Spos´ród 16 800 zesanych na Syberie 23% odbywao katorge, 12,8% byo skazanych na osiedlenie bez katorgi, ale z pozbawieniem wszelkich praw, 8% na „zamieszkanie”, 50,5% zaliczono do kategorii dozy- wotnich osadników (skazano na osiedlenie) z zachowaniem czes´ci praw, 5,7% zesano w trybie administracyjnym. Ponad poowe zesan´ców stanowiy osoby pochodzenia szlacheckiego, okoo 20% : mieszczan´skiego i chopskiego1. Do guberni jenisejskiej po powstaniu styczniowym skierowano 3719 osób. Spos´ród tej liczby zesan´ców na poudniu guberni w okregu minusin´skim rozmieszczono 1026 powstan´ców, zas´ w pozostaych okregach – 12362. Gubernia jenisejska bya miejscem najliczniejszego zesania Polaków po powstaniu styczniowym. Na poczatku 1864 roku w „Poozeniu” (A@:@0,>4,), Dr SERGIUSZ LEON´ CZYK - adiunkt Instytutu Historii i Stosunków Miedzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; e-mail: [email protected] 1 E.Kaczyn´ska, W.S´ liwowska, Zesanie i katorga na Syberii w dziejach Polaków 1815-1914, Warszawa: PWN 1992, s. -
Capital-Skill Complementarity and the Emergence of Labor Emancipation
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Ashraf, Quamrul H.; Cinnirella, Francesco; Galor, Oded; Gershman, Boris; Hornung, Erik Working Paper Capital-skill complementarity and the emergence of labor emancipation Working Paper, No. 2017-1 Provided in Cooperation with: Department of Economics, Brown University Suggested Citation: Ashraf, Quamrul H.; Cinnirella, Francesco; Galor, Oded; Gershman, Boris; Hornung, Erik (2017) : Capital-skill complementarity and the emergence of labor emancipation, Working Paper, No. 2017-1, Brown University, Department of Economics, Providence, RI This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/162760 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Capital-Skill Complementarity and the Emergence of Labor Emancipation∗ Quamrul H. -
Health Sector Field Directory
HEALTH SECTOR FIELD DIRECTORY Republic of Chechnya Republic of Ingushetia Russian Federation June 2004 World Health Organization Nazran, Republic of Ingushetia TABLE OF CONTENTS ORGANIZATION 1. Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) 2. CARE Canada 3. Centre for Peacemaking and Community Development (CPCD) 4. Danish Refugee Council/Danish Peoples Aid (DRC/DPA) 5. Hammer FOrum e. V. 6. Handicap International 7. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) 8. International Humanitarian Initiative (IHI) 9. International Medical Corps (IMC) 10. Islamic Relief (IR) 11. International Rescue Committee (IRC) 12. Medecins du Monde (MDM) 13. Medecins Sans Frontieres – Belgium (MSF-B) 14. Error! Reference source not found. 15. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Holland (MSF-H) 16. Medecins Sans Frontieres - Switzerland (MSF-CH) 17. Memorial 18. People in Need (PIN) 19. Polish Humanitarian Organisation (PHO) 20. Save the Generation 21. SERLO 22. UNICEF 23. World Vision 24. World Health Organization (WHO) 2 Agency for Rehabilitation and Development (ARD/Denal) Sector: Health; Food; Non-Food Items; Education Location: Chechnya and Ingushetia Objectives: To render psychosocial support to people affected by the conflict; to provide specialised medical services for women and medical aid for the IDP population; to support education and recreational activities; to supply supplementary food products to vulnerable IDP categories with specific nutritional needs; to provide basic hygienic items and clothes for new-born; to help the IDP community to establish a support system for its members making use of available resources. Beneficiaries: IDP children, youth, women and men in Ingushetia and residents in Chechnya Partners: UNICEF, SDC/SHA CONTACT INFORMATION: INGUSHETIA Moscow Karabulak, Evdoshenko St. -
Eugene Miakinkov
Russian Military Culture during the Reigns of Catherine II and Paul I, 1762-1801 by Eugene Miakinkov A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History and Classics University of Alberta ©Eugene Miakinkov, 2015 Abstract This study explores the shape and development of military culture during the reign of Catherine II. Next to the institutions of the autocracy and the Orthodox Church, the military occupied the most important position in imperial Russia, especially in the eighteenth century. Rather than analyzing the military as an institution or a fighting force, this dissertation uses the tools of cultural history to explore its attitudes, values, aspirations, tensions, and beliefs. Patronage and education served to introduce a generation of young nobles to the world of the military culture, and expose it to its values of respect, hierarchy, subordination, but also the importance of professional knowledge. Merit is a crucial component in any military, and Catherine’s military culture had to resolve the tensions between the idea of meritocracy and seniority. All of the above ideas and dilemmas were expressed in a number of military texts that began to appear during Catherine’s reign. It was during that time that the military culture acquired the cultural, political, and intellectual space to develop – a space I label the “military public sphere”. This development was most clearly evident in the publication, by Russian authors, of a range of military literature for the first time in this era. The military culture was also reflected in the symbolic means used by the senior commanders to convey and reinforce its values in the army. -
Ukrainians and Poles Timothy Snyder
8 Ukrainians and Poles timothy snyder Europe’s road to Muscovy passed through Warsaw and Kyiv (Kiev). Despite what one reads in books, the Renaissance and Reformation did reach Muscovy, if by this most indirect route. In the middle of the seventeenth century,Ortho- dox clerics trained in the rhetoric and languages of the Polish Renaissance and Reformation settled in Moscow.As Muscovy’s political power extended across eastern Ukraine and Kiev with Hetman Bohdan Khmelnyts’kyi’s rebellion against Poland ( 1648–54 ) and the Treaty of Eternal Peace between Muscovy and Poland ( 1686), Orthodox clerics came to terms with their new position in a highly backward Orthodox state. Alexis Mikhailovich (r. 1645–76 ) saw them as people capable of improving Muscovite administration, and encouraged the emigration of learned Ukrainians. Iepifanii Slavynets’kyi was an early arrival, in 1649. Symeon Polots’kyi taught Alexis’s children Latin and Polish. The occa- sional Polish Jesuit was allowed to dispute with the Orthodox, as did Andrzej Kwieczynski before he was sent to break rocks in Siberia in 1660. Disputa- tion itself was an import from Poland, and at this time Polish and Latin were understood to be the languages of reason. Latin itself was learned from Polish translations, for example of Ovid’s ‘Metamorphoses’. Ukrainian clerics such as Stepan Iavors’kyi and Teofan Prokopovych were indeed engaged in some fundamental transformations: of themselves as they reoriented Ruthenian Orthodoxy to Moscow, and of Moscow as they reori- ented public life and political thought to the West. Such men introduced the baroque, not only in rhetoric, but in architecture, ceremonial and secu- lar public displays. -
Demographic, Economic, Geospatial Data for Municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (Excluding the City of Moscow and the Moscow Oblast) in 2010-2016
Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134 DOI 10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 DATA PAPER Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010-2016 Irina E. Kalabikhina1, Denis N. Mokrensky2, Aleksandr N. Panin3 1 Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia 2 Independent researcher 3 Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia Received 10 December 2019 ♦ Accepted 28 December 2019 ♦ Published 30 December 2019 Citation: Kalabikhina IE, Mokrensky DN, Panin AN (2019) Demographic, economic, geospatial data for munic- ipalities of the Central Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010- 2016. Population and Economics 3(4): 121–134. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e39152 Keywords Data base, demographic, economic, geospatial data JEL Codes: J1, J3, R23, Y10, Y91 I. Brief description The database contains demographic, economic, geospatial data for 452 municipalities of the 16 administrative units of the Central Federal District (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) for 2010–2016 (Appendix, Table 1; Fig. 1). The sources of data are the municipal-level statistics of Rosstat, Google Maps data and calculated indicators. II. Data resources Data package title: Demographic, economic, geospatial data for municipalities of the Cen- tral Federal District in Russia (excluding the city of Moscow and the Moscow oblast) in 2010–2016. Copyright I.E. Kalabikhina, D.N.Mokrensky, A.N.Panin The article is publicly available and in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0) can be used without limits, distributed and reproduced on any medium, pro- vided that the authors and the source are indicated. -
Russia the Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region
Russia Page 1 of 32 RUSSIA THE INGUSH-OSSETIAN CONFLICT IN THE PRIGORODNYI REGION Human Rights Watch/Helsinki Human Rights Watch New York · Washington · London · Brussels Copyright © May 1996 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalogue Number: 96-75960 ISBN: 1-56432-165-7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report is based on a trip to the Republic of Ingushetiya, hereafter Ingushetiya, and the Republic of North Ossetia- Alaniya, hereafter North Ossetia, both states of the Russian Federation, from August 11-19, 1994. Until 1994, North Ossetia was the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), a part of the former Soviet Union. Until 1992, Ingushetiya was part of the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), and was also part of the former Soviet Union. Human Rights/Helsinki representatives visited Vladikavkaz, Kartsa, Chermen, Tarskoye, Kurtat, Dachnoye, and Maiskii in North Ossetia and Nazran and Gaziyurt in Ingushetiya. Jeri Laber and Rachel Denber edited the report, and Shira Robinson provided production assistance for its publication. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki thanks both North Ossetian and Ingush authorities as well as officials from the Russian Temporary Administration (now the Temporary State Committee) for their cooperation with the mission participants. Human Rights Watch/Helsinki would like to express our appreciation to all those who read the report and commented on it, including Prof. John Collarusso of McMaster University. We would also like to thank the members of the Russian human rights group Memorial, who provided generous assistance and advice. In 1994 Memorial published an excellent report on the conflict in the Prigorodnyi region, "Two Years after the War: The Problem of the Forcibly Displaced in the Area of the Ossetian-Ingush Conflict." Finally, we would like to thank the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Henry Jackson Fund, the Merck Fund and the Moriah Fund for their support.