Proceedings of the 12Th World Conference on Titanium

Ti-2011• Proceedings of the 12th World Conference on Titanium

June 19-24,2011 China National Convention Center (CNCC) ,Beijing

Volume Ill 1695,...:..,2272

Edited by Lian ZHOU Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Hui CHANG Northwestern Polytechnical University Yafeng LU Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Dongsheng XU Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences

N f SOC The Nonferrous Metals Society of China The Nonterrou~ Met

!!!!D SCIENCE PRESS ~ Beijing Responsible Editor:Niu Yufeng, Gu Bin

All rights are reserved. No part of this book covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval system-without permission of the publisher. Preface

The 12 'h World Conference on T itanium (Ti-20 ll) was held at the China National Convention Center(CNCC) in Bei jing, China , from] une 19 to ] une 24 , 2011, hosted by the onferrous Metals Soci ty of China. T he World Confe rence on Titanium has been successfull y organized in London(l968) , Boston(l972) , Moscow(l976 ) , KyotoC1 980) , Mu ni ch(l984) ,Cannes0988 ) ,San Diego(l992) ,Birmingham(l995) ,St. Petersburg(l999) , Hamburg(2003)and Kyo to(2007). T hi s is the first time held in China.

The conference adopted the traditional style of the world conferences on titanium. Seven plenary lectures were given by the members of the Internati onal Organizing Committee(IOC)on the latest development of resea rch and appli ca ti ons of titanium in their own countries during the past four years since Ti-2007 in Kyoto , and fifteen keynote l c tures associated with the twelve conference topics were also presented by renowned speciali sts through the recom mendation of IOC members. 7 parallel sessions were arranged dail y all through the conference on the foll owing twelve topi cs : Extractive metallurgy , Wrought processing, Microstructure evolution, Properties , Intermetalli cs &. MMCs , Component manufacturing, ear net shape processing, Environmental behavior, A rospace app li cations , Bio medical and healthca re applications , Emerging appli ca tions and market, Marine appli cations.

The conference shows that since the Ti-2007 in Kyo to , titanium alloys research and production has made grea t pro gress , near net shaping has made adva nces in improving performance and reducing cost. In the num rous fi elds such as chemi stry, energy, aviati on, marine and offshore , bio-medi ca l appli cations , utilizati on of titanium has been expand ed. Microstructure and processing technologies are emphasized; modeling has also experi enced rapid development and app li ca ti on. In the confe rence , the current situation and future development trend of titanium has also been evaluated and estimated. It is generall y beli eved that Ti-20 11 was an outstanding conference that turned out to be a huge suc ce s.

For the grea t success of the conference, here I would li ke to express my gratitude to all the IOC members for their efforts on promoting Ti-20 11 in their own countries , to all the plenary speakers , keynote speakers , general present ers, and session chairpersons for their contrib utions to Ti-2011. My co-workers rea ll y did an excellent job on prepar ing for Ti-2011 , the perfect arrangements of the conference, the offered tours and the excellent food, etc, here special thanks also go to the OC members and staff of the secretari at.

I hope that this set of proceedings will help to promote the academic exchanges among the worldwide titanium circle and stimulate related scientific &. technological adva ncement to some extent.

At the IOC meeting held on June 22 , The IOC members fully approved that the 13 'h World Conference on T itanium wi ll be held at San Di ego , California in August, 20 15. We would like to congratulate Dr. V. Venkatesh,Dr. R.R. Bo yer and their co ll eagues , and hope that Ti-20 15 in USA will be a great success. Let' s wi tness the new titanium pro gress in San Di ego in 20 15.

Chairman of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium December 2011 International Organizing Committee( IOC) M. Ward-Close The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, UK V. Venkatesh The Minerals. Metals and Materials Socicty(TMS). USA R.R. Boyer The American Society for MatcrialsCASM)lntcrnational. USA 0. M. lvasishin Association"Titan" ,CIS M. Niinomi The Japan Institute of Mctals,Japan L. Wagner Deutsche Gcscllschaft fiir Matcrialkunclc(IX;M) ,Germany A. Vassel Socicte Francaise de Metallurgic ct de MatcriauxCSF2M), France L. Zhou The Nonferrous Metals Society of China.China National Organizing Committee( NOC) +Advisors Kuangdi XU Yi KANG Dongying LI Chunxiao CAO Hengzhi FU Guoliang CHEN Jilin HE +conference Chairman Lian ZHOU The Nonferrous Metals Socict v of China P. 0. Box 51, Xi' an, Shaanxi 7l 0016, P. R. China Tel: +86-29-86266570, Fax: +86-29-86231101, E-mail: zhoul@c-nin. com +Vice Chairmen Pingxiang ZHANG Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Bingbo WEI Northwestern Polytechnical University Rui YANG Institute of Metal Rescarch,Chincse Academy of Sciences Wuzhuang WU Baoti Group Ltd. Xiangdong WANG Chinese Titanium Association Li XU Zunyi Titanium Plant Shenglong DAI Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials +Members Zhiwu REN Development and Reform Commission of China Nansheng SHA Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China Guoqiang DAI Ministry of Science and Technology of China Ruiping GAO National Natural Science Foundation of China Huanwen YANG The Nonferrous Mera! Society of China Xuhu ZHANG Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&. Processing Technology Jianke SUN Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute Baiqing XIONG General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Yixiang CAI Guangzhou Research Instil utc for Nonferrous Metals Liang ZUO Northeastern University Yuyong CHEN Harbin Institute of Technology Chaoli MA Bcihang University Xinzhe ZHOU Fushun Titanium Industry Ltd. Yong FENG Western Superconducting Material Technology Ltd. Weidong XIE BaoStccl Group Corporation Lin CHEN Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co. Ltd Gang DIAN China Nonferrous Metal Industry Association +working Committee Members Hui CHANG Yafeng LU Dongsheng XU Yu HE Dingchun WANG Hongchao KOU Y udong JIA Hongkang ZHU Yaqiu CUI Yun ZHANG Hongmin ZHU Yongqing ZHAO Bo J1 Xu HUANG Zhishou ZHU Songxiao HUI Zhiqiang CHEN Xianghong LIU J unpin LIN Di ZHANG Zhcntao YU Zhengxian LI Yinjiang WU +Hosted by The Nonferrous Metal Society of China +sponsored by Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research Northwestern Polytcchnical University Baoti Group Ltd. Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials Institute of Metal Rcscarch,Chincsc Academy of Sciences +supported by Development and Reform Commission of China Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China Ministry of Science and Technology of China National Natural Science Foundation of China Chinese Academy of Engineering +conference Secretariat (Secretary-general) Hui CHANG School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytcchnical University 127 Youyi Western Road,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710012,P. R China Tel: +86-10-58768037, Fax: +86-10-58768047, E-mail: ch2006@nwpu. edu. en ~ b)t ~ ...wtlWfcwmC.ornrr..."°'1Vf O\tna M nlltry t>f ~and WonNlton l«hnalowof0.. MiMtryolScillnce9ftdT~GIO.. .,.,__NMIOMI..._. 5a.nceFOUftlllllllor&af~ _

International Organizing Committee(IOC ) Members and National Organizing Committee(NOC ) Vice Chairmen

From left to right, Prof. B. Wei. (NOC Vi ce Chairman) ,Prof. W. Zou( OC Vice Chairman) ,Prof. M. NiinomiCIOC Member from Japan) ,Prof. L. WagnerCIOC Member from Germany), Dr. R. BoyerCIOC Member from USA), Dr. V. VenkateshCIOC Member from USA) ,Prof. L. ZhouCIOC Member from China and Chairman) ,Dr. A. VasselCIOC member from France) ,Prof. M. Ward-CloseCIOC Member from UK), Prof. 0 . lvasishinCIOC Member from CIS), Prof. P. Zhang( OC Vice Chai rman) ,Prof. L. Xu ( OC Vice Chairman) ,Prof. X. Wang( OC Vice Chairman). IOC Members/ Plenary Speakers

Malcolm Ward-Close is a world supports internal R&D and manufacturing proj ects at expert on the development and TIMET. Dr. Venkatesh is an active member of ASM, application of titanium alloys. His and TMS. H e is the current Chair of the TMS Titanium work is mainly concerned with committee , and has organized symposiums at annual developing new alloys and com materials conferences. He has also been a Mechani cal posite materials for demanding Engineering advisory board member at the University applications and in the design of of Nevada at Las Vegas, since 1998. effective manufacturing technolo gy for structures and compo Malcolm Ward-Close nent . Two of Malcolm' s previ- Professor Orest lvasishin is a ous technical innovations, on metal matrix composites member of the ational Academy and titanium production have now been scaled-up to in of Science of Ukraine. H e re dustrial level and are moving to commercial spin-out. ceived his PhD ( 1973) and (Dr His latest research activities centre on low cost titani Sci. ) 1987 in Solid State Physics. um and aerospace manufacturing, mainly via powder He is currently Deputy Director process mg. of the Institute for Metal Phys ics. His focus research areas are phase and structural transforma Orest I vasishin Rod Boyer has specialized in tita tions in metals and alloys under nium for over 40 years. H e has highly non-equilibrium conditions , optimization of phase been involved in basic research, composition, microstructure and properties of aerospace development and application of materials, powder metallurgy of titanium alloys. He's a titanium in the aerospace indus member of EMRS,SAMPE, TMS,and ASM try. H e has performed studies on the full range of conventional al loys, from commercially pure to Mitsuo Niinomi is a professor alpha to alpha/ beta to beta-al and director of Institute fo r Ma Rod Boyer loys, and done research on all teri als Research, Tohoku Univer product forms and almost all of the processing technol sity. H e graduated from graduate ogies used in the titanium industry. He has over 250 school of agoya University in technical presentations and publications and has edited 1979 and earned hi s Ph. D degree 4 books, including the ASM Titanium All oys Materials in the department of Metallurgi Properties Handbook. He has made over 25 invited cal Engineering, and Steel and pre entations at regional, national and international lev Iron Engineering in 1980. From els , including 4 plenary or keynote lectures at the na 1980 to 2005 , he was a research tional level and 7 at the international level. as ociate , associate professor, and professor at Toyo hashi University of Technology. In 2005 , he moved to Institute for Materi als Research, Tohoku University as Dr. Venkatesh is a Manager at a professor. H e was elected as a director of Institute of the Henderson Technica l Labs of Materi als Research, Tohoku University in 2009. He the Titanium Metals Corporation was a visiting associate professor at Carnegie-Mellon ( TIMET). H e has been with Univer ity(USA) from July 1988 to June 1989 , a vi sit TIMET since 1998, conducting ing professor at The University of Dayton(USA)and a research activities in the areas of fo reign researcher at Wright Patterson Air Force Base, titanium processing for property US Air Force from Julyl99 7 to December 1997. H e was enhancement, and the develop- appointed as a visiting professor of Northeastern Uni Vasisht Venkatesh ment and implementation of nu versity, China from 2010-20 15. He had worked in the meri cal modeling tools. Along with hi research pro area of fracture and microstructure relations of materi jects , he also manages a pilot scale research facility that als with foc using on titanium all oys for structural and biomedi cal applica ti ons. Since 2005, he has been a pro on conventional titanium all oys, as well as on titanium fessor at Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku Uni aluminides and metal matrix composites CA I, T i) . He versity. Since 2009, He ha been a director at Institute was the project leader for numerous national programs for Materi als Research , Tohoku Uni versity. His recent and internationa l coll aborations with European coun research is focused on designing, development, and eval tries, USA and China. uati on of biological and mechani cal biocompatibility of titanium all oys for medi ca l and dental application . Prof. Lian Zhou, born in Jilin Province in March 1940, is a dis Pro f. Lothar Wagner studied Me tinguished expert on supercon chani ca l Engineering with spe ducting and ra re metal materials. cialization in Mat ri als T echnolo Prof. Zhou graduated from the gy. He holds Di pl. -Ing. ( 1978) Metal Materi als Department of and Dr. -Ing. degrees 0 981) from Northeastern U ni versity in 1963 the University of Bochum and a and was elected as one of the Dr. -Ing. habil. degreeC1989) from first batch of academi cians of TU Hamburg-Harburg. From Lian Zhou Chinese Academy of Engineering 1981-1983 he was an Al exander CCAE ) starti ng from 1994. Pres Lothar Wagner vo n Humboldt Fell ow at the Uni - ently, Prof. Zhou 1s Honorary President of No rthwest versity of Rochester. In 1993 , he was offered the Chair Institute fo r onferrous Metal ResearchCNI ) , honor of Materi als T echnology at TU Cottbus and in 2002 , ary President of Chinese Materi als Research Society the Chair of Applied Materi als Science and Engineering CCMRS) , and Consultant of the National Basic Re at TU Clau thal where he became Head of the Institute search(973) Program. Pro f. Zhou' s main research field in 2005. Prof. Wagner 's mai n research interests are mi is superconducting materi als, titanium all oys and bio crostructure/ property relationship in li ght all oys and materi als etc. With high prestige , Prof. Zhou has be n methods for improvi ng fatigue performance by means of actively engaged in the materi als ci rcle at home and mechani ca l surface treatments. abroad. H e was once president of the International Union of Materi als Research Societies( IUMR ) in year 2005-2006. Alain Vassel is presently a scien tific adviser to the French T itani um Associati on. He graduated from I SA Lyon in 1969 and ea rned hi PhD degree on Materi als Science from the University of Orsay. He spent hi s ca reer at ONERA ( 1972-2007) where hi s Alain Vassel research work focused essentiall y NOC Vice Chairmen

Prof. Pingxiang Zhang is presi Mr. Xiang-dong Wang is the vice dent of orthwe t lnstitute for President and secretary general Nonferrous Metals Research. of the titanium zirconium & Haf With Doctor's degree in Material nium branch of China non-ferrous Physics from Northeastern ni I metal industry association( that is versity, he has been ngaged in . the Chinese Titanium Associa the R & D of superconducting I tion). H e is mainly engaged in materials. He also serves as the Chinese titanium industri al 1 MC board member, and adjunct production stat1st1cs, market professor in s veral universities. He has published more analysis and industry planning work. than 100 pap rs in sci ntific journals, and was honored as"Distinguished Expert of Science and Technology"by the State Council of China. Li Xu, a male of H an Ethnic Group, was born on May 17th, 1969 in Zunyi City, Guizhou Dr. Bingbo Wei CB. Wei) is profes Province. He was a nonferrous sor of materials science and vice metallurgy major in Kunming In president for scientific research at stitute of T echnology, and then orthwestern Polytechnical Uni graduated in 1990. As a party versity, Xi' an, China. His re member of CCP, he acts as the search activities include: thermo Director of Zunyi Titanium physical propertie of undercooled Plant. His social activities : a dep liquid metals and alloy ; rapid so uty of 11th and 12th Guizhou Provincial People's Con lidification and microstructure gress; a member of 8th Committee Congress of Guizhou control under extraordinary conditions; space simulation Provincial Youth Federation; the vice president of China research by container! ss processing with levitation tech onferrous Metals Industry ssociation Ti - Zr - Hf niques. H e has published more than 200 pap rs in refer Branch; the vice president of Guizhou onferrous Met eed journals and holds 6 patents. H e also serves as the als Industry Association; the vice president of Zunyi vice president of Chinese Materials Research Society. Enterprises & Enterprise Directors Confederation.

Dr Rui Yang is a deputy director henglong Dai , male, Ph. D, Pro of the Institute of Metal Re fe sor, is General Director and search CAS in charge of research Chief engineer of Beijing Institute planning and management, espe of Aeronautical Materials, cially in the R & D of engineer A VIC. H e i advisor of the exec ing materials. His personal re utive board of China Foundry As search interest is in the fi eld of sociation, a member of the execu titanium aluminides for aero tive board of Functional Materi engine applications and biomedic als Committee of the Chinese So al titanium alloy for implant use. ciety for Metals , member of the Materials Academy Committee and the Processing Committee of the onferrous Met Mr. Wuzhuang Zou, graduated als Society of China. H e belongs to the executive board from Xi ' an Communication Uni of Uranium Separation Association of Chinese Nuclear versity with Master' s Degree. Society. He also assumes the position of committee H e is the president of Baoti member of Editorial Board of China Aeronautical Mate Group Ltd, the chairman of Baoji ri als Handbook and of Editorial Board of Aluminum Al Titanium Industry Co. , Ltd, and loy. In hi s outstanding personal career, he won a great the Chairman of China Titanium number of national titles and honors, for example, the Association(CTA) . H e has been "Central Enterprise National Model for Youth Job" , involved in production manage "the Returned Over eas Doctor with Di stinguished ment, market and application de Contributions", etc velopment of products of rare metals materials espe cia ll y titanium and its alloy for a long time. Keynote Speakers

Dr. Kuang-0(0 car)Yu is Senior Or David Dye is a Senior Lecturer Director of Re earch and Devel at Imperial Coll ege, London, UK. opment of RTI International He did his PhD at th University Metals, Inc. He has broad experi of Cambridge on the weldability of ences in processing of titanium l ickel-base superalloys and was a all oys and ni ckel-based superal Visiting Fellow at the NRC Chalk loys. Dr. Yu has more than 100 Ri ver neutron laboratories in Can publi cations and seven patents. ada. At Imperial, he has focuss d Kuang-OCOscar)Yu He is an ASM Fellow and has re- on the hot working, deformation ceived numerous awards for hi s work. Dr. Yu is also the David Dye and fatigue behaviour of titanium editor of a book"Modeling fo r asting and Solidification alloy , particularl y Ti-10-2-3, Ti-5553, T i-6-4 and the Processing". Gum metal class of superelastic beta-titanium all oys. K eynote , Recent Changes and Developments in Titani K eynote :Microstructure Formation in Alpha + Beta um Extraction Titanium Alloys

Dr. Yu H e is now director of Sci Dr. Manfred Wollmann studi d ence and T echnology of Shaanxi Mineralogy with specialization in on-ferrous Metals holding group Crystall ography and Metal Sci Co. Ltd. He us d to work in Baoti ence at TU Clausthal. He holds a Group as Vi ce Chief Engineer. Dip!. -Min. degree ( 1991 ) from He got his ma ter degree in Uni TU Clausthal, a Dipl. -Ing. de versity of Science and T echnology gree (1993) from MFH Iserlohn Beijing and ha engaged in scien and a Or. r r. nat. degree0994) tific research on titanium material from TU Clausthal. After va rious Yu He processing for years. Manfred Wollmann positions in the indu try ( Deut- K eynote(manuscript not availa sches Kupferinstitut DUsseldorf, ble) : Status and Prospect of Processing T echnologies KM Europa Metal Osnabruck, Center of T chnology for Titanium and Titanium lloys Transfer ortheim ) he became Senior Research Engi nee r and Lecturer ( 2007) at the Institute of Materi als Science and Engineering of TU Clausthal. Dr. Woll Helmut lemens , born in 1957 , mann' s main research interests are surface perform studied materials science and is ance of light alloys and corrosion mechanisms as wel l as head of the Department of Physi protection methods. ca l Metallurgy and Materi als K eynote : Properties and Aj;plications of Titanium Al T esting at the Montanunive rsitat loys in Transport Leob n, Austria. Since 199 1 he is working on intermetallic materi CNRS Senior Researcher at the als , with special fo cus on titanium H lmut Clemens Pprime Institute (Department of aluminides. Hi research interest Physics & Mechanics of Materials) centers on alloy development, processing and mi cro in the E SMA Engineer School, structure-property relationships. Poitier Futuroscope, France. Doc Keynote :Microstructure Evolution in Intemietallic Ti torate of Materials ScienceC1991). tanium Aluminid es Speciali st of deformation and dam age processes ( fatigue, creep-fa tigue, ... ) in structural materi als Patri ck Vi ll echaise (steels , titanium all oys, Ni-based superalloys, .. . / numerous collaborations with aeronautic, energy industries) in relation with their rnicrostructures and textures at different scales. lnflu nee of surface treat ing processes. ments, ageing effects, oxydation. . . Keynole( manuscri/Jl not available) : Advances in Net K eynote( manuscript not available): Slip activity and shaping of Titanium A lloy Parts crack initiation in titanium alloys: influence of crys tallographic orientation al differe nl scales Craig A. Brice is a materi als re search engineer within the Ad Prof. Lin J unpin is the deputy di vanced Materi als and Proc ssing rector of State Key Laboratory Branch at the ational Aeronau for Advanced Metals and Materi tics and Space dministration als. H e has been honored"Cheung Langley Research Center m Kong Scholar" Professorshi p by Hampton, Virginia , USA. Mr. the Ministry of Educa tion of Chi Brice' s research focuses on net na. H e got hi s Bachelor degree at Craig A. Brice shape processing through additive H arbin Institute of Technology manufac turing techniques in tita in 1983 and Ph. D. degree in nium and other li ght all oy materials. Junpin Lin 1989. His major research fi elds K eynote: Net Shape Processing of Titanium Alloys for include structural intermetallics Enhanced Per fonnance and Improved Affordability ( high temperature Ti Al all oys, Fe-Si alloys et al. ), se vere deformation and structure controlling for hard-de formed materials, advanced porous materials, and new Prof. Takumi H aruna graduated materials fo r extra-strong liquid zinc resistance. H e is at Department of Metallurgica l the Chi ef Scientist of the Major State Basic Research Engineering, Osaka Uni versity in Development Program of China(973 Program) . 1992, and worked in the same de Keynote : Development of High Tem/Jerature TiAl Alloys partment in the same year with Prof. T. Shibata. H e worked as a post doctoral researcher in the ergii Akhonin is H ead of De Center of Advanced Materi al, the partm nt in E. 0 . Paton Electric Penn State University, USA with Welding Institute ( Kiev , Takumi Haruna Prof. D. D. Macdonald between Ukraine). He earned hi s Ph. D 1995 and 1996. H e moved in De and Doctorate degrees in Metal partment of Materials Engineering, Kansai University, lurgica l Engineering at thi s Insti j apan as a Lecturer in 2005 , and has promoted as an tute in 1990 and 2003 , respective Associate Professor since 2006. ly. His former research interests Keynote : Development of Titanium Alloys with Co rro were in the area of vacuum met sion R esistance in Aqueo us Fluoride Solutions S rgii Akhonin allurgy and electron beam melting of titanium and other reactive and refractory met als , current research is focused on investigation of weld Gael Khelifati is a metallurgist, PhD in Materials Sci ing of titanium al loys by different methods and develop ence at the University of Rauen ( France). H e joined ment of new weldabl e titanium alloys. EADS about 10 years ago and is now working at Airbus K eynote : Development of Welding Technologies in Ti Design Office (Structure Centre of Competence; M&P tanium Component Manuf acluring Depa rtment), where he is Responsible of Research , De velopment and Innovation on H ard Metals. Keynote : Extending the Use of Titanium Alloys on Professor Wu is the Director of A350XWB the ARC Centre of Excell ence for Design in Light Metals in Aus trali a. T he Centre consists of 100 Dr Rui Yang is a cl puty director researchers and academi cs from of the Institute of Metal Re six uni versities. Professor Wu search CAS in charge of research completed her degrees at South planning and management, espe Central University, the Institute ciall y in the R & D of engineer Xinhua Wu of Metal Research , CAS and the ing materials. His personal re University of Birmingham. H er search interest is in the fi eld of research is on Ti all oys and near net-shape manufactur- Rui Yang titanium al uminide for aero- engine applications and biomedical titanium alloys for Dr. V. Mikhaylov has been work implant use. ing in the fi eld of titanium alloys K eynote (manuscript not available): R ecent develop and their welding fo r more than ments in titanium alloys for implant applications 30 years. He got his doctorate degree for research in metal sci ence of welded joints and devel Mr. Akio Okamoto is the Section opment of new welding technolo Manager of the T itanium Mar gies for titanium. Dr. Mikhaylov ' s keting and T echnical Service Sec main research interests include tion in the Titanium Division of V. Mikhaylov structure/ properties relationship Kobe Steel, Ltd. and has been in achieved with various welding techniques, fo rming of charge of development of manu cold and hot cracks in metals, working capacity of wel fac turing technology and the new ded joints. Currently Dr. V. Mikhaylov is heading Labo applications in titanium for over ratory in CRISM"Prometey"which deals with problems Akio Okamoto 27 years. He has a doctor' s de- of weldability of hi gh strength titanium alloys to be gree of engineering with a study of titanium heat ex- used in marine appli cations. changer. K eynote : T itanium Application m Structures Operat K eynote : Research and Development for Practical Use ing in Sea Water of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Contents

Plenary Lectures Advances in Titanium Research and Technology in the UK ··············· ...... 3 Malcolm Ward-Close, Martin] ackson Developments in Research and Applications in the Titanium Industry in the USA ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 10 Rodney R. Boyer, ] ames C. Williams Recent Trends in CIS Titanium Industry Developments and Research Activities ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 20 Orest M. Ivasishin, Andrey V. Alexandrov Recent Trends in Titanium Research and Development in Japan ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 30 Mitsuo Niinomi Recent Titanium Research and Developments in Germany ······························ ···································· 38 Lothar Wagner Titanium Research and Development in France · ·· · · · · ·· · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · 4 7 Alain Vassel Recent Progress of Titanium Industry, Research and Development in China · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 56 Lian ZHOU, Hui CHANG, Xiangdong WANG 1. Extractive Metallurgy Recent Changes and Developments in Titanium Extraction·································································· 65 Stephen Fox, Kuan~O (Oscar) Yu Composition Control in Titanium Alloys ····················· ··················································· ··············· 71 Alec Mitchell Electrodeposition of Ti in Molten Salt at High Temperature ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 75 Toshihide Takenaka, Hidetaka Matsuo, Masahiro Ka=kami The Revert System of the Titanium in TOHO' s EB Plant · · · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 79 Hisamune Tanaka, Norio Yamamoto, Takeshi Sannohe, Takeshi Shiraki, Kazuhiro Taki, Takashi Oda

Reduction of Titanium Oxides in Molten CaO-CaC12 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••• •••••• •••••• •••••••••••• 84 Naoto Kobayashi, Keiichi Kobayashi, Tatsuya Kikuchi, Ryosuke. 0. Suzuki The New Plant of the Kroll Process Titanium Sponge ··············· ································· ····················· 87 Ryoji Murayama, Susumu Kosemura, Hiromi Yarita, Fusahiro Nisiyama, Fumito Arai, J unichi Suzuki Technological Aspects of Designing of Electron Beam Unit for Melting of Titanium ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 91 Alexey I. Amelin, Vasiliy I. Kostenko, Mikola P. Kondratii, Petr A. Pap Numerical Simulation of Molten Fluid Behavior During Vacuum Arc Remelting Process ························ ··· 96 Xiaohua Zhao, ] inshan Li, Hongchao Kou, Zhijun Yang, Rui Hu, Lian Zhou A Novel Process for Preparing Titanium Powder by Calcium Vapor ··············· ········· ··························· 101 Heli Wan, Baoqiang Xu, Bin Yang, Wei Sen, Yongnian Dai An Alternative Technology for Ilmenite Processing ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 106 Guangqing Zhang, Oleg Ostrovski, Andrew Adipuri, Mohammad A R De=n, Sheikh A Rezan Chlorination of Reduced Ilmenite Concentrates and Synthetic Rutile ··············· ······························ ······ 111 AndrewAdipuri, Yan Li, Guangqing Zhang, Oleg Ostrovski

Electrolysis of CaO in the Molten CaCl2 for Direct Reduction of Ti02 ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •••••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 116 Ryosuke 0. Suzuki, Naoto Kobayashi, Kei-ichi Kobayashi, Daisuke Yamada, Shogo Osaki, Reyna Famila Descallar-Arriesgado, Tatsuya Kikuchi Research on Main Elements Segregation of TCll Alloy Ingot ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 121 Chen Wang, Pingxiang Zhang, Xiaonan Mao, Lanlan Yu Defects Easy Occur in VAR Titanium Ingots · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · ··· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 126 Qu Henglei, Deng Chao, Li Mingqiang, Yang] ianchao, Ma Hongzheng Progress Towards a Titanium Metal Industry for South Africa ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· 130 Willie B du Preez, Oliver F R A Damm, David S van Vuuren From Powder to Low-Cost Titanium Parts ························ ······ ·················· ········· ··························· 135 • Xll • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Kerern Araci, M. Kamal Akhtar, Damien C. Mangabhai The Effect of Raw Materials on Aluminum Volatilization in EBCHF Smelting Titanium Alloy ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· 141 GuoShengxiang, Chen Feng, Guo Bin, Chen Zhanqian The Study of the Present Situation of Alloying Elements for Titanium Alloys in China ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 145 Qing Daga, Chen Feng, Qiao Lu, Chen Zhanqian, Tan Wen Equipment for EBCHM of Titanium-Current Trends and Prospects of Development 150 Dmytro Kovalchuk

Electrochemical Investigation on Ti4+ Ion Reduction from Fl~oride Melts with K2 TiF6 154 Bing Li , Zhiwei Weng, Zhao Cai The Production Development and Technology Status of Sponge Titanium in China ······ ··············· ············ 158 Deng Guozhu, Wang Lijun, Wang Wuyu Progress of Some New Titanium Metallurgical Technologies ··· ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 163 Zhang Ting-an, Dou Zhihe, Niu Li ping ,LvGuozhi, Liu Yan ,Mou Wangzhong, Zhao Qiuyue, He ]icheng Study of Chlorination Process of Natural Rutile in Fluidized Bed ...... 169 Ni Peiyuan, Zhang Ting-an, Lv Guozhi, Dou Zhihe, Niu Li ping, Ouyang Quansheng, Liang Xibin, He ]icheng Electrodeposition of Titanium from Molten Chloride Electrolytes by Using Titanium Oxycarbide Anodes ······ 174 Geir Martin Haarberg, Ole S. Kjos, Ana Maria Martinez, Karen S. Osen Preparation of Titanium Subchloride and its Electrodeposit in Chloride Melts ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 177 Qiuyu Wang, Chao Du, Yong Liu, Shuqiang] iao, Hongmin Zhu Development of New Generation FFC Pilot Plant for Production of Low Cost Titanium and Titanium Alloys ...... ······················································································· 181 Karlik Rao, Mark Bertolini , Ian Mellor, James Collins, James Deane, Lucy Grainger, Melchiorre Conti Expansion of Titanium Sponge Production Capacity · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · .. · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · .. · ·· · · · · · .. ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · 185 S. Yamamoto , T. Yoshimura , T. H yodo The Technology Research on Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting Furnace Using 100% Titanium Sponge to Produce High Quality Pure Titanium Ingot · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · .. · · · · · · · .. · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · 188 CHEN Feng, CHEN Li, GUOSheng-xiang, WANG Hao, GUOBin, ZHANG]ian, PENGQiang Equipment developed by International Company "ANTARES" for Electron Beam Melting of Titanium Ingots 192 0. E. Sobko-Nesteruk, N. G. Tretyak, N. V. Chaika, Yu. V. Neporozhniy, V. N. Vasyura Properties of Micro-arc Oxidized Coating on Biomedical Titanium Alloys ...... 198 GAOGuang-rui, LI Zheng-xian, DU] i-hong, XI Zheng-ping Research of Laser Rapid Forming Ti40 Burn Resistant Titanium Alloy ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · 202 Huang Chun ping, Lin Xin, Yang Haiou, Liu Fengcheng, Ge Peng, Zhao Yongqing, Huang Weidong 2. Wrought Processing Processing Map for Hot Working of Ti6321 Titanium Alloy · .. · · · · · .. ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · 209 Li Liang Subtransus Deformation Behavior of a Titanium Alloy with Lamellar Structure ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 214 Song H ongwu , Zhang Shihong , Cheng Ming , Li Zhenxi , Cao Chunxiao

Forming Mechanism of Flash in Linear Friction Welded Dissimilar Alloys of TCll and Ti2 AlNb ··············· 219 Chun Qin, Zekun Yao, Lijun Tan, HongzhenGuo, ]ianwei Zhang Modeling of Deformation and Temperature of the Continuous Rolling Process of Titanium Alloy Rod · · · · ·· · · · 223 Meirong Shuai, Qingxue Huang, ] ianping Qin, Yanchun Zhu Understanding the Behaviour of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr during Subtransus Isothermal Forging ··· ...... ··· ··· ... ··· 226 Nicholas G. ] ones, Richard]. Dash wood, David Dye, Martin] ackson Research of Hot Tandem Rolling Process of TC6 Titanium Alloy Bar ································· ······ ········· 231 Guihong Qin, Bo] i, Yifan Zhu, Feng Zhu Solid-state Recycling of Titanium Machining Chips by Severe Plastic Deformation ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 234 P. Luo, D. T. McDonald, S. Palanisamy, M. S. Dargusch, K. Xia Recrystallization of Commercially Pure Titanium During and Following Hot Deformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 239 Ali DEhghan-Manshadi, He Lijia, Rian Dippenaar The Advance in the Plastic Forming Theory and Technology of Titanium Alloys · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· 244 ] iao Luo, Miaoquan Li Influence of Isothermal Forging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-2Sn-2Zr- Contents XIII

3Mo-1Cr-2Nb-Si Titanium Alloy ····························································································· 252 Shi Zhifeng, Guo Hongzhen, Peng Xiaona, Wang Tao, Yao Zekun Improvement of Attenuation Uniformity on Titanium Alloy Billet · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · 256 S. Funamoto, H. Murakoshi Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of BT25 Alloy with Lamellar Starting Microstructure ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· ··· 261 Xiong Ma, Weidong Zeng, Fei Tian, J ianhua Zhou, Xiaoying Wang, Bin Xu Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of Ti60 Alloy by Using Processing Map · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 265 Weiju J ia, Weidong Zeng, Yigang Zhou, ] ianrong Liu, Qingjiang Wang Construction of Processing Maps with High Precision for Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · · ·· ·· · ··· ·· · ··· 269 Toshiyuki AKA NUMA, Hiroaki MATSUMOTO, Akihiko CH IBA, Ikuhiro INAGAKI, Yoshihisa SHIRAI, Takashi MAEDA The Processing Map and Optimization of Hot Workability of Ti53311S Titanium Alloy ··············· ······ ······ 274 Wang Ruining, Zhao Yongqing, Yang] ianchao, Wang Xing, Qu Henglei, Xi Zhengping Effects of Deformation Rate on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Cold Rolled Ti-3Al-2. 5V Alloy Tube ...... 278 Qiang Liao, Chao Deng, Hen15lei Qu, Ya-she Yang, Li Nan, ] ian-chao Yang A Comparative Study of Various Flow Instability Criteria in Processing Map of TC21 Alloy ······ ············ ··· 282 Zhou Ge , Ding Hua , Cao F u-rong Effect of Interface Morphology on Bonding Properties of Titanium Clad Steel Plate · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 287 Liu] ixiong, Zhao Aiming, ] iang Haitao, Tangdi Study on Rotary Piercing Technology for High Strength Titanium ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 291 Zhao Hengzhang, Yang Yingli, Guo Dizi, Lu Yafeng, Xi Zhengping, Xiao Lin Pack-rolling Process of Ultra-long Titanium Sheets ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ·· · ······ ··· ··· 295 Wenjie Fu, Qing Zhang, Xiaowei Zhang, Wenlong Xie FEM-Optimized Thermomechanical Processing of Titanium Alloy Blades for Steam Turbines ····················· 298 Martin Stockinger, Werner Zechner, Gerhard Krenn, Gunter Weber Microstructure and Properties of TC25 Titanium Alloy Forged Rings · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 302 Wang Yongqiang, Dong J ie, Liu Wei, Wang Liying, Gao Bo Water Immerging Automatic UT for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Plate ········· ··············· ······ ······ ······ ··· 305 Guo Yongqing, Ma Xiaohuai, Kang Xin, Cao Yuxin Effect of ~ Forging and ~ Annealing on the Microstructure and Properties of the Ti-6Al-2Zr-2V-1. 5Mo ELI Titanium Alloy ··· ······ ········· ··············· ··· ··· ········· ······································· ·················· ··· ···.··· 308 Wang X iaoxiang, Liu] ianrong, Lei] iafeng Correlation between Microstructures and Properties of TC21 Titanium Alloy 350mm Bars ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· · ·· ·· · 311 Yang Huili, Wang Weiqi, Qiao Enli, Yang Yulan, Zhang Pinghui, Yan Wenjuan Effects of Roll Poreessing Rate and Heat Treatment on Microstuctures and Mechanical Properties of Ti75 Alloy Tube ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ·· · 314 ZHAO Bin, ZHAO Yong-qing, YANG Ying-Li, GUO Di-zi, Su Hang-biao, WU Jin-ping Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of BT25 Titanium Alloy Bars ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ·· · ··· ··· 318 Zhanghong Huang, Henglei Qu, Chao Deng, ] ianchao Yang Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-2Zr-2V-1. 5Mo Alloy Plate ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ··· 320 Wei Shouyong, Guo Zhijun, Wang Yongqiang, Hui Songxiao, Wang Xizhe Unified Constitutive Equations for Hot Working of Wrought Two-phase Titanium Alloys · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 324 X. G. Fan, H. Yang, Z. C. Sun, D. W. Zhang Deformation Behavior under Die Partitioning Boundary during Titanium Alloy Large-scale Rib-web Component Forming by Isothermal Local Loading · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 328 Dawei Zhang, He Yang, Zhichao Sun, Xiaoguang Fan Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a Ring Compression Test for Ti-6Al-4 V Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ·· · 333 Piotr Lacki, ] anina Adamus, Maciej Motyka, ] an Sieniawski Investigation of Sheet-Titanium Drawability ··············· ······ ········· ·················· ······ ··············· ······ ······ 337 ·Janina Adamus, Piotr Lacki, Maciej Motyka, Krzysztof Kubiak Ultrasonic Detection in the 3N zone of Titanium Alloys ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 342 Xiaohuai Ma, Hui Lu, Yongqing Guo Influence of Loading Mode on the Multi-directional Forging of the Blade with a Damper Platform · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 346 • XIV • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Wang Yu, Liu Yuli, Guo Qiang, Yang He Ordering Process in Heat-Resistant Titanium Alloys ...... ··· ··· ······ ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ...... ··· 350 Artemiy Popov, Natalya Rossina, Maria Popova. Research on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Big Size T Al 2 Titanium Alloy Bar · · · · · · · · · · · · 354 Chen Bing-gang, Li Wei-qing, Ma Bao-jun, Sun Xiao-yang Effect of Rolling Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo Plate 357 Xiaoyan Li, Hong Pang, Zhigang Wen, Yonghui Chen, ] ie Huang Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of BTi-6431S Alloy · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 359 Ma Long, Li Wei-qing, Ma Hong-hai, Huang De-chao The Microstructure and Property of TCl 7 Titanium Alloy <1>300mm Bars · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 362 Ma Baojun, Li Fengli, Sun Xiaoyong, Yue Xu, Qiao Enli Fabrication High Homogeneous NbTi Alloy Bars for ITER Project ··· ················································ 365 Baoquan Fu, Pingxiang Zhang, Yongjian Zheng, Yongsheng He, Yi Feng, Yi Zhang, Xianghong Liu, Yong Feng Study on Chemical Composition and Macro/Micro-Structure of a Large Sized Til023 Alloy Bar · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 369 Yongsheng He, Baoquan Fu, Wei Zhang, Kaixuan Wang, Hu Wang, Wenzhong Luo, Yi Feng The Effect of Hot Top Process on Large Diameter Ti6Al4 V Top Composition ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · 373 Haitong Xu, Baoquan Fu, Wenzhong Luo, Yi Feng, ] ianchao Du, ] ie Xu Chemical Composition Controlling Technology for Large Diameter Ti6Al4V ELI Ingot ··························· 376 ] ie Xu, Xiaomiao Cheng, Wensheng Wang, Xiaoyun Shi, Wenzhong Luo, Yi Feng, Baoquan Fu, Jianchao Du Hot Workability of TIMETAL® 54M(Ti-5Al-4 V-0. 75Mo-O. 5Fe) ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 379 Vasisht Venkatesh , Phani P. Gudi pa ti, Kathleen Campbell

Influence of TiH2 Addition on the Solidification Structure of Ti6Al4 V Alloy by Induction Skull Melting ·· · ··· 384 Zhang Yuehong, Su Yanqing, Guo J ingj ie, Fu Hengzhi Hot Compression Deformation Flow Behaviour Analysis of a+~ Ti 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo Titanium Alloy 388 Abdlaziz Elarhi , Martin ] ackson , Brad Wynne 3. Microstructure Evolution Micro- and Nanostructure Evolution in Intermetallic Titanium Aluminides · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· 395 Helmut Clemens, Svea Mayer Microstructure Formation in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 404 David Dye , Frederic Hu , Nicholas G ] ones General Regularities of Formation of the w-phase in Binary Titanium-base Alloys with Metals of IV-VIII, I Groups of the Periodic Table ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 410 Arkadiy V. Dohromyslov Simulation of Air Cooling Process after Solution Treatment of BT22 Titanium Alloy Forged Bars ··· ··· ······ ··· 415 X. D. Wu, P. Ge, G. ]. Yang, Q. Zhang, L. Q. Lv Deformation and Annealing Textures of Ti-45Nb Wires ·································································· 420 Yi Chen, Bin Tang, Min-jie Lai, Guo-qiang Shang, Hon15chao Kou, Fen15shou Zhang, Zhi:-shou Zhu, Lian Zhou Twinning Structure in Beta-type TiNbPd Shape Memory Alloys ········· ················································ 424 D. H. Ping, S. Q. Wu, T. Kitashima, Y. Yamabe-Mitarai Brazing Titanium Using Clad Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni Braze Alloys ···································· ··············· ··············· 428 T. Y. Yeh, R. K. Shiue, C. S. Chang

Relationship between Microstructure and Tensile Properties of in situ Synthesized (TiB+La2 Q3 )/Ti Composite · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 432 Weijie Lu, ] iuxiao Li, Liqiang Wang, ] ining Qin, Yifei Chen, Di Zhang Cause Analysis of Fracture for TBS Slab · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· ··· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· · · · 438 Huang Deming, Yang X iongfei, Wei Qingfeng, Wang Huailiu, Chen Yong, Guo Hua The Microstructures of TiNbTaZr Alloy Treated by Direct Rolling and Cross Rolling ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· 443 Liqiang Wang, Xueting Wang, Weijie Lu, ] ining Qin, Fan Zhang, Di Zhang Microstructure and Deformation Micromechanisms of a ~-metastable Titanium alloy Determined by Conventional and in-situ Straining TEM · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · 446 Nicolas Escale, ] oiil Douin, Florence Pettinari-Sturmel, Christophe Daffas, Armand Coujou Contents • xv •

Preparation of Thin Ti Films by IBAD · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · 450 Dong yang Qin, Lian Zhou, Kong Zhang, Qian Liu, Yafeng Lu Microstructure of Heat Treated Ti 15V 3AI 3Cr 3Sn after Deformation at Various Strain Rates ··············· 454 . Zdenek Spatz, Tonu Leemet, Pawel Rokicki, Karel Saksl, Veli-Tapani Kuokkala, Carsten Siemers Microstructure Evolution in Ti-Al-Mo-Fe-Mn-Cr-Cu Alloys containing Rare-Earth Metals ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 459 ] udith Laukart , Carsten Siemers, ] oachim Rosier Microstructure and Microtexture Associated to Heterogeneous Precipitation of the a Phase on ~/~ Boundaries in Til 7 Alloy: Influence of First Stages of ClGB Formation ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 464 ]. Teixeira, L. Germain, E. Lamielle, N. Gey, E. Aeby-Gautier, B. Appolaire Precipitation Sequences in Beta Metastable Phase of Ti-5553 Alloy During Ageing ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 468 Amico Sette/rati, Moukrane Dehmas, Guillaume Geandier, Benoit Denand, Elisabeth Aeb:;rGautier, Benoit Appolaire, Gael Khelifati, Jerome Del/osse Stress and Strain Fields Calculations Associated with the Formation of lntragranular a Precipitates ······ ······ 4 73 Amico Settefrati, Benoit Appolaire, Elisabeth Aeb:;rGautier, Yann Le Bouar, Gael Khelifati Effect of Oxygen Content and Working on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy Wire · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · 4 77 Ya jun Fan, J imin Cao, Huabin Yang, Binli Luo Evolution of Alpha-Beta Transformation in Ti-3Al-2. 5V Alloy. Microstructural Changes and Properties Obtained. ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 481 Pascual Tarin, Nuria Corral, Antonio Garcia Sim6n, ] ose M. Badia, Nuria Martin First-principles Investigation on Phase Stability and Elastic Properties of ~-Ti 1 ...>-, Nb,ZrySn, Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· 485 ] . H. Dai, Y. Song, R. Yang Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Ti-6Al-4 V ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 489 L. H. Wu, D. Wang, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma Evolution of Beta Grain Size During Beta Phase Processing of Ti-6Al-4 V · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 493 Alfred Krumphals, Martin Stockinger, Fernando Warchomicka, Christo/ Sommitsch Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium Recycled by Severe Plastic Deformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · 497 D. T. McDonald, A J. Davies, P. Luo, S. M. Zhu, S. Palanisamy, M. S. Dargusch, K. Xia Microstructure Optimization by Hydrogen Treatment of ~-Titanium Alloys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 502 Peter Schmidt, Hans-Jurgen Christ Effect of Surface Condition and Microstructure on Hydrogen Uptake in Metastable ~Titanium Alloys 508 Peter Schmidt , Hans-Jurgen Christ Research on the Dynamic Globularization Kinetics of Ti-17 Titanium Alloy with Initial Lamellar Microstructure during Hot Deformation ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 514 Weidong Zeng, Kaixuan Wang, Yunjin Lai, Yongqing Zhao, Yigang zhou Mechanical Properties of Titanium Alloys Produced in Egypt ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 518 Khaled M. Ibrahim, Mansour Mhaede, Lothar Wagner Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy after Hot Forging Process by Means of Stereological Morphometry · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 523 Yuan/ei Han, Weidong Zeng, Yu Sun, Yongqing Zhao, Ping Guo High-temperature Deformation Behavior of as-cast TC21 Titanium Alloy ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 527 Yanchun Zhu, Weidong Zeng, Yongqing Zhao, Fei Feng, Yigang Zhou, Hanqing Yu Microstructural engineering for Improved Corrosion Resistance of a Ti-5 %Ta-1. 8 %Nb Alloy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 531 R. Mythili, S. Saroja, M. Vijayalakshmi Improvement of Mechanical Properties in Ti Alloys Using Heterogeneous Elemental Distribution ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 536 Satoshi Emura, Xiaohua Min, Seiichiro Ii, Kaneaki Tsuzaki, Koichi Tsuchiya Formation of Rotation in Titanium Alloys at Shock Loading ············································· ··············· 540 Margarita A. Skotnikova, Nikolay A. Krylov, ] ury I. Mescheryakov, Michael M. Radkevich, Evgenie K. Ivanov, Ekaterina V. Mironova Effect of Boron and Yttrium Slight Addition on Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Ti-13Cr-1Fe-3Al Alloys · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ··· ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · 544 Aya TOMITA, Masato UEDA, Masahiko IKEDA Effect of Compressive Stress on Phase Transformation in Ti-Fe-Mo Alloy During Hot Deformation ············ 547 Bin Liu, Hirako Matsumoto, Yunpin Li, Akihiko Chiba, Yong Liu, Qi yuan Chen • XVI • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Phase Transformation and Microstructure Evolution in Hot Rolled TB-13 Alloy during Continuous Heating ······································································································································· 552 Yue Fei, Bin Tang , Hongchao Kou, Xinnan Wang, Gunqiang Shang, Zhishou Zhu, J inshan Li, Lian Zhou In Situ SEM/EBSD Observations of hep/bee Phase Transformations in Commercially Pure Titanium 556 Katsushi Matsumoto, Takeshi Kudo, Shogo Murakami, Yoshio ltsumi Alpha 2 Precipitation in Exposed Ti6Al4 V · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · 560 Zhiwei Wu, Michael H Loretto, V. Venkatesh, Hamish L. Fraser, R. E. A. Williams, G. B. Vi.ru.unathan, S. Nag, Rajarshi Banerjee, Matthew Thomas

Early-stage a-phase and Ti2 Cu Phase Formation in a Ternary Ti-V-Cu Alloy ············ ········· ······ ········· ··· 564 Hai-pang Ng, Arun Devaraj, Soumya Nag, Philip Nakashima, Colleen Bettles, Mark Gibson, Hamish Fraser, Rajarshi Banerjee, Barry Muddle On the Occurrence of a Nano-scale FCC Phase in Thin-foil Specimens of Titanium Alloys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 568 Hai-pang Ng, Colleen Bettles, Barry Muddle Kinetics of Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Ti-17 Alloy···························································· 573 Melanie Semblanet, Frank Montheillet, David Piot, Christophe Desrayaud, Adeline Beneteau, Yvon Millet Effect of Cold Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties in Ti-13Cr-1Fe-3AI Alloys ······································································································ 577 Yuji TAKASAKI, Masato UEDA, Masahiko IKEDA The Effects of Recrystallization Texture Evolution on Young's Modulus of Metastable ~Titanium Alloy 580 Yan Ma, Wenfang Cui, Chumning Liu Effect of High-pressure Torsion Deformation on Isothermal w Phase in ~-Ti Alloys · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 584 K. Tsuchiya, S. Farjami, B. Jiang, X. Min, S. Emura, S. Ii Flow Behavior and Microstructure Characteristic of Ti-5553 Alloy during Hot Deformation · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 588 Wei Zhou, Peng Ge, Yong qing Zhao, Yi Yang, Liang Feng, Qian Li 3D Observation of Isothermal w Phase in ~-Ti Alloy by Novel Orthogonal FIB/SEM System · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 593 K. Tsuchiya, T. Hara, S. Emura, X. Min, S. Ii, K. Tsuzaki, X. Man, K. Tanaka, A. Uemoto The Incorporation of w Particles during Growing or Coarsening Process in Metastable ~ Titanium Alloy · · · · · · 597 Bin Tang, HongchaoKou, Y.-W. Cui, Hui Chang, ]inshanLi, LianZhou The Effect of VAR Process Parameters on Beta Flecks Formation in Ti-10V-2Fe-3AI ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 601 Zhijun Yang, Hongchao Kou, Fengshou Zhang, Xiangyi Xue, J inshan Li, Lian Zhou

Preparation of Ti50 Ni 30 Cu 10 Pd10 Shape Memory Alloys by Rapid Solidification ··· ········· ········· ······ ········· ··· 605 D. L. Geng, W. J. Xie, B. Wei Precipitations Characteristics of Ti-60 Alloy during Long-term Aging Treatment at 600 °C · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 609 Feng Sun, J inshan Li, Hongchao Kou, Bin Tang, Hui Chang, J iamning Cai, Lian Zhou Fabrication and Microstructure Characteristics of Sintered Porous Biomaterial Based on Titanium Alloy for Orthopedic Applications ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ·· · · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 614 Waldemar Serbinski, Tomasz Seramak, Sylwia Sobieszczyk, Andrzej Zielinski Improvement in Ultrasonic Inspectability by Development of Microstructural Controlled Low Noise Billet and High Sensitivity Probe for Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 620 Shigeomi Araki, Shunsuke Machida, Keiji Kinoshita, Shogo Murakami, Takeshi Kudo, Kouichi Inagaki Finite-element Analysis of Microstructure Evolution in the Hot Deforming of TC4-DT Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · 624 Bo Tang, Bin Tang, Xiangyi Xue, J inshan Li, Fengshou Zhang, Guanjun Yang, Lian Zhou Modeling of {3-a Transformation in Complex Titanium Alloys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 628 Paolo Di Napoli, Benoit Appolaire, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Adeline Beneteau FE2 Scheme for Simulation of Thermo-Mechanically Induced Phase Transformations and Residual Stresses in Ti6Al4 V Components · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· 632 B. Regener, C. K rempaszky, E. Werner, M. Stockinger Effect of Cooling Rate on Phase Transformation and Microstructure of TC21 Titanium Alloy ··· · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · 637 Hui Shao, Yongqing Zhao, Peng Ge, Weidong Zeng, Kaixuan Wang Morphological and Textural Evolution of the Alpha Phase during Hot Deformation of Two-Phase Ti-6Al-4V ······································································································································· 640 B. Perumal, M.A. Rist, S. Gungor, ]. W. Brooks The Influence of Sc on Deformation Stability of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy Using Processing Map · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 645 Xian Nie, Huiqun Liu, Danqing Yi, Qi Gao, Xianmin Li Quantitative Relationships between Microstructures and Hardness of as-cast Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy ············ 650 Contents • XVll •

Nan Hai, Wu Guoqing, Zhao J iaqi, Yang Weiguang, Dang Ning Interdiffusion Study and Assessment of Mobility for Ti-Mo Alloys · · .. · · ·· .. · · · · · · · · ·· · .. · · · · ... · · · · ·· · · · ·· · · · ... · · .. ·· · 653 Liang Feng, Lei Huang, Hui Chang, Yu-wen Cui, ] in-shan Li Age-hardening Behaivour and Microstructure of Ti-15-3 Alloy Aged at 573 K ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 658 Eiichi Sukedai, Takemasa Ishikawa, Takayuki Sakanoue, Tohru Takahashi Martensitic Transformations in Casting Biomedical Titanium Alloys and Their Applications ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 662 Yanchun Lou, Huasheng Xie, ] un Zhao, Shibing Liu, Kun Shi, Hongyu Liu Thermal Stability and Grain Growth Behavior of Ultrafine Grained Commercially pure Titanium Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · 666 Majid Hoseini, Florent Bridier, Philippe Bacher, Hojatollah Vali, ] erzy A. Szpunar Microstructure-Based Modeling of Duplex-Phase Titanium Deformation through Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method·················································································································· 671 LI Hongwei, YANG He, WU Chuan Grain Structure Formation of Ti-6Al-4 V Ingot during VAR Process ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ··· · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 676 Yingjuan Zhang, Hongchao Kou, Yudong Chu, Rui Hu, ] inshan Li, Lian Zhou Effect of Interstitial Impurities on Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behavior of Ti-23at. % Nb Alloy · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 680 Masaki Tahara, Hee Young Kim, Tomonari lnamura, Hideki Hosoda, Shuichi Miyazaki Deformation Textures of~ Phase and d' Phase in Cold-Rolled Ti-Nb Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 683 Hirobumi Tobe, Hee Young Kim, Tomonari lnamura, Hideki Hosoda, Tae-hyun Nam, Shuichi Miyazaki Experimental Investigation of Coarsening Behavior of T Al5 Titanium Alloy in Beta-Phase Field ··· ·· · ··· · ·· ··· 685 Wu Chuan, Yang He, Li Hong Wei, Sun Zhi Chao Microstructure and Texture Evolution during ~ processing of Hypoeutectic Boron Modified Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy · · · · · · · · · 689 Shibayan Roy, Sat yam Suwas, S. Tamirisakandala, R. Srinivasan, D. B. Miracle Formation Conditions of Omega Phase in the Titanium Alloys after Quenching ························ ········· ··· 694 Popov A. A. , lllarionov A.G. , Crib S. V, Elkina 0. A. Effect of a Laths Size Distribution on Deformation Behaviour of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 698 Nicolas Escale, Pauline Audigie, Christophe Daffos, Stephane Hollard, Philippe Heritier Structure, Phase Composition.Physical Properties of Quenched VT16 Alloy ·········································· 705 Anatoly lllarionov, Stepan Stepanov, Sergey Demakov, Artemiy Popov The Effect of Cold Deformation on Structure and Deformation Induced Phase Transformations in Quenched (a+~)-alloys of Transition Class ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 709 Anatoly lllarionov, Irina Narygina, Artemiy Popov Understanding of the Chip Formation Process of Til5V3Al3Sn3Cr Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 714 Pawel Rokicki, Kai Nowag, Lenka Fusova, Zdenek Spotz, Karel Saksl, Carsten Siemers Dissolution Kinetics of a Phase in TA6V Titanium Alloy·································································· 719 Moukrane Dehmas, Richard Katemi, Benoit Appolaire, Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Benoit Denand, Sylvain Audion Elimination of Structure Inhomogeneities during Sheet Processing of ~-titanium Alloy ··· ······ ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 724 S. L. Demakov, F. V. Vodolazskiy, V. F. Vodolazskiy, A. A. Popov Microstructural Characterization of Hot Deformed Ti-6Al-4 V · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· 729 F. Warchomicka, C. Poletti, M. Stockinger Determination of a-~ Interface Sliding Mechanism in Ti-1100 Alloy during High Temperature Tensile ··· ··· ··· 733 Feng Xu, Ge ping Li, Ning Wang, Zhao Yang Dynamic Phase Evolution in Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4 V · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· 737 P. Homporova, C. Poletti, M. Stockinger, F. Warchomicka Dynamic Globularization Mechanism in TC21 Titanium Alloy during Hot Rolling ································· 741 L. R. Wang, Y. Q. Zhao, L. Zhou Study on the Beneficial Effects of Duplex Aging on Microstructure Phenomena Determining the Fatigue life of the Metastable ft titanium Alloy Ti 38-644 ··························· ························ ··························· 745 Ali El-Chaikh, Peter Schmidt, Han.1~ ] . Christ Study on the Crystal Structure of a" Martensite in a Ti-4Al-4. 5Mo Titanium AHoy ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 750 Ching Ju Li, Geping Li, Yi Yang, Feng Xu, Ke Yang Densification Behavior of Ti-5Al-2. 5Sn ELI Pre-alloyed Powders Under Hot Isostatic Pressing ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 754 ] un Wu, Lei Xu, Hua Li, ] iafeng Lei, Yuyin Liu, Rui Yang • XVlll • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Model for Twin-variant Selection in Titanium Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ... ··· 758 C. Schuman, L. Bao, ]. S. Lecomte, M. ]. Philippe, Y. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zuo, ]. M. Raulot, C. Esling Microstructure and Texture Inhomogeneity in 1f-IOV-2Fe-3Al · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · 763 ] uan Zhao , Matthew Dargusch , Chris H. ] . Davies A Study of Plastic Deformation Mechanisms Associated with Twin Variant Selection in Titanium ··············· 767 Lei Bao, ] earr-Sebastien Lecomte, Christophe Schuman, Marie-] eanne Philippe, Xiang Zhao, Claude Esling The Effect of Processing Temperature on Texture Evolution and Variant Selection during Phase Transformation in Ti-6A-4 V ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· . .-.- ..•... ··· ... ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· 771 G. C. Obasi, S. Birosca, D. G. LeoPrakash, ]. Quinta da Fonseca, M. Preuss Impact Deformation of Large Colony Ti6Al4V ··•······ ······································· ··· ·················· ········· 776 Emma Piozin , Yina Guo, Ming Chu , Yu Lung Chiu, Ian ] ones Evolution Microstructure of Forging Procedure and Effect of Mechanical Properties for Ti6Al4 V-ELI Large Scale Bars · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · •· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 780 Fu Baoquan, Zhang Pingxiang, Wang Wensheng; Shi Xiaoyun, Cheng Xiaomiao, Liu Xianghong, Feng Yong Transmission Electron Microscopy of Deformed Ti-6Al-4 V Micro-cantilevers · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · 783 R. Ding, I. P. ] ones, ] . Gong, A. ] . Wilkins(JT/ Effects of Hot Deformation Parameters on Microstructure of Ti-600 Alloy · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · 787 Qi Yunlian, Zeng Liying, Hong Quan, Du Yu, Liu Wei, Lu Yafeng Preparation of an Oriented FIB Bed Ti-6Al-4 V Sample for in situ TEM Observations of Dislocation Transmission through a/~ Interfaces ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 791 R. Ding, I. P. ]ones, Y. Chiu, ]. Douin Hierarchy of the Dislocation Glide Systems in Titanium Alloys by Atomic Simulation · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · 795 ]. - M. Raulot, A. Poty, H. Xu, D. Rodney, ], Bai, C. Schwnan, ]. -S. Lecomte, M. -] . Philippe, C. Esling Beta Phase Decomposition during Ageing in Beta Ti Alloy with and without Carbon Additions ·················· 800 M. Chu, I. P. Jones, X. Wu Phase Field Simulation of the Stress Field Distribution in TiAl Alloys during Phase Transformation ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · 804 C. Y. Teng, A. Du, D.S. Xu, N. Zhou, Y. Wang, D. J. Yu, R. Yang Microstructure Evolution of TC16 Titanium Alloy During Hot Deformation in~ Phase Field ····················· 808 Yang Yang, Limin Dong, Zhiqiang Zhang, Xin Xu, Shaoxuan Guan, Yuyin Liu, Rui Yang Phase Field Simulation of Grain Growth in Ti-6Al-4 V during High Temperature Deformation ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 812 M. Yang, G. Wang, D.S. Xu,]. H. Zhang, C. Y. Teng, R. Yang, Y. Wang

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding of Ti2 A1Nb Based Alloy Sheet ···································· ········· ·················· 816 Bin Lu, ] ianming Yin, Yong Wang, Rui Yang Effect of Rolling and Annealing Process on TA2 Texture ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 819 ] iang Haitao, Tang Di, Mi Zhenli, Liu] ixiong

Preparation and Microstructure of Porous Ti/Ir02 Electrodes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 823 Changshu Xiang, Guangzhong Li, Xinting Kang, Yuan ping Huang, Hui ping Tang Study on Sintering-hot Deformed Rare-earth Containing Ti-Fe-Mo-Y Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ 827 Liu Haiyan, Tang Hui ping, He Weiwei, Liu Yanbin, ] ia Wenpeng, Liu Yong Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TA15 Titanium Alloy 8 mm Tube ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· 831 Shang Xiuli, Tong Xuewen, Wang Lian, Xu Zhe, Li Nang, Feng Hongchao, Cheng Xiaoli 4. Properties Properties and Applications of Titanium Alloys in Transport ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 837 Manfred Woltmann, ] urgen Kiese, Lothar Wagner Effect of Si-Addition as a Grain Refiner on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 845 Mohamed Abdelkawy, Khaled Ibrahim, Abdel hamied Hussein, M. Mhead, L. Wagner Phase Constitution and Heat Treatment Behavior of Ti-Mn and Ti-Mn-Al Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 850 M. Ikeda, M. Ueda, T. Kinoshita, M. Ogauxi, M. Niinomi Fatigue Investigations and Numerical Modeling of Forged Ti6A14V in Different Microstructural Conditions 853 Helge Knobbe, Philipp Koster, Hans-Jurgen Christ, Claus-Peter Fritzen, Martin Riedler Effect of Nitride Coatings on the Wear and Fatigue Behavior of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4 V ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 858 Contents • XIX •

Ronny Steinert, J anny Lindemann, Christoph Leyens Advances in Low Temperature <

o. 03C ······························································································································ 959 Takashi KONNO, Yoshio ITSUMI, Koichiro TADA, Takeshi KUDO, Akira ISOE, Hideto OYAMA Quantification of Microstructural Features and Application of Artificial Neural Network in Correlation of Microstructure and Property of Ti-Alloys ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· 964 Yongqing Zhao, Weidong Zeng, Yu Sun Mechanical Anisotropy of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy with a' martensite Microstructure ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · 968 Hiroaki MATSUMOTO, Hiroshi YONEDA, Bin LIU, Yunping LI, Akihiko CHIBA Influence of Mechanical Surface Treatments on Notched Fatigue of Various Titanium Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 972 M. Woltmann, M. Mhaede, ]. Atoura, L. Wagner Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties in Pure Titanium Containing Small Amount of Iron · ·· ·· · ·· · 976 H. Seto, Y. Shirai, T. Maeda Influence of Alloy Elements on Machinability, Weldability and Hot Deformation Resistance in Alpha-beta Titanium Alloys Containing Cr, Fe and C ················································································· 980 Shogo Murakami, Masahiro Nomura, Kudo Takeshi, Shinya Ishigai, Akira Isoe Effects of Thermo-mechanical Treatments on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties: TIMETAL-54M vs. Ti-6Al-4 V ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 984 Shan Yang, Zhaohui Wu, Khaung Zay, Yoji Kosaka, Lothar Wagner Fatigue Properties of a New High Strength and High Toughness Titanium Alloy···································· 989 J ianyun Shen, Yuqin Liu, Bo Wang, Qiang Yue, Xizhe Wang, Dingchun Wang Investigation of Faceted Crack Initiation and Propagation in Near-alpha Titanium Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 993 Adam L. Pilchak, Matt C. Brandes, Robert E. A. Williams, James C. Williams Creation of High Strength and High Ductility Titanium Materials by Harmonic Microstructure Control · ·· ·· · 998 Tatsuya Sekiguchi, Sabrina N. B. R, Ryota Imao, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Kei Ameyama, Zihua Zhao, Akira Ueno Steady State Creep of Ti-600 Alloy at Elevated Temperature···························································· 1002 Zeng Liying, Zhao Yongqing, Lu Yafeng, Hong Quan The Influence of Microstructure and Microtexture on Fatigue crack Initiation and Growth in a+~ titanium 1006 Adam L. Pilchak, Kazuo Nakase, lkuhiro Inagaki, Yoshihisa Shirai, Andre-w H. Rosenberger, ] ames C. Williams Flow Behavior of Commercial Pure Titanium Considering Interstitial Elements ····················· ············ ··· 1011 ] ong Woo Won, Chan Hee Park, Dong Geun Lee, Yong Tae Lee, Chong Soo Lee Effect of Two Heat Treatments on Thermal Stability and Creep Property of a Highly ~ Stabilized Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ 1016 Xin She-wei, Zhao Yongqing, Li Qian, Wu Huan, Yang Haiying Effect of Trace B Addition on Hot Workability and High-Cycle Fatigue Property of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy · · · · · · · · · 1021 T. Kitaura, M. Hagiwara, 0. Kano, Y. Ono, T. Yuri, T. Ogata Texture of Pure Titanium Formed by Cold-Rolling and Its Influence on Mechanical and Fatigue Properties ··· ··· ··· 1025 Mamoru SH IMAMURA, Tatsuro MORITA, Takashi MAEDA, Hideto SETO, Satoshi MATSUMOTO Fatigue Behaviors of Commercially Pure Titanium with Harmonic Microstructure · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1030 Zihua Zhao, Tatsuya Sekiguchi, Sabrina N. B. Ramleh, Hiroshi Fujiwara, Akira Ueno, Kei Ameyama Ductility Improvement in High Strength Ti-Mo Alloys by Transition of Deformation Mode ············ ········· 1034 Xiaohua Min, Satoshi Emura, Seiichiro Ii, Koichi Tsuchiya, Kaneaki Tsuzaki Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4 V ELI Alloy Plate ··· ··· 1038 Lei Wenguang, Mao Xiaonan, Yu Lanlan, Lin Hai Mechanical Property Study of Ti-45Nb Alloy Wires Used in Fastener ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1042 SHANGGuo-qiang, ZHUZhi-shou, KOUHong-chao, WANGXin-nan, TANG Bin, LI ]in-shan, CHANG Hui Study of Deformation Mechanisms in an a-~ annealed Ti-6Al-4 V Titanium Alloy on Charpy Specimens 1045 Christophe Buirette, J ulitte Huez, Nathalie Gey, Eric Andrieu ,Gael Khelifati, Jerome Delfosse Characteristic Tensile Deformation Behaviors in Ti-5Al-2Fe-3Mo ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1049 Tomonori KUN/EDA, Kazuhiro TAKAHASHI, Kenichi MORI, Hideki FU] II Study on Precipitates Behavior During Heat Treatment in Ti-Bl9 Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 1054 Luo Yuanyuan, Zeng Weidong, Zhao Yongqing, Lu Yafeng, Xi Zheng ping Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CT20 Alloy Tube ··· ······ ··· 1058 DUYu, WANGZhiYun, LIUWei, GUODizi, QIYunlian, LUYafeng Contents • XXI •

Grain Boundary Strain Transfer and Anisotropic Polycrystalline Deformation in Commercial Purity Titanium ···································································································································· 1061 Martin A. Crimp, Yiyi Yang, Leyun Wang, Philip Eisenlohr, Thomas R. Bieler

The Effect of Different Solution Treatment on Ti50 Ni 2uCu25 Y0. 1 Alloy ...... 1066 Hou Zhimin, Zhao Yongqing, Luo Yuanyuan, Li Qian, Wu Huan Quantitative Study on Relationships between Mechanical Properties and Characteristics of Primary a Phase for a Solution-treated Near-~ Titanium Alloy · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ··· ·· · · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · ··· ·· · 1071 Y. Yang, B. F. J ia, P. Ge, L. C. Zhang, W. Zhou, L. Feng The Effects of Bimodal Microstructure Characteristics on Susceptibility to Adiabatic Shear Bands of Modified Ti-6Al-4V Alloys··············································································································· 1074 Dongmei Huo, Shukui Li, Qunho Fan, J ianchong Li Effect of Heat treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-3Al-2. 5V Titanium Alloy Tubes · · · · · · · · · · · · 1079 J inhui Xi, Chao Deng, Dengchao Luo, Yashe Yang, Li Nan, Henglei Qu, J ianchao Yang Elements of Nb Content and Sn and Zr Additions on the Young's Modulus of Ti-Nb-(5Sn)-(5Zr) Alloys by Means of Diffusion Couple and Nanoindentation ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· 1083 S. Y. Sun, Y. L. Hao, S. J. Li Trial Manufacturing and Characterization of Tungsten Fiber Reinforced Titanium Composite ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1085 Ryoji Hirai, Masayuki Nishida, Masashi Haneoka In-situ Thermal Stress Measurement of Tungsten Fiber Reinforced Titanium Composite by X-ray Diffraction ...... 1090 Masayuki Nishida, Masashi Haneoka, Ryoji Hirai, Tatsuya Matsue, Takao Hanahusa X-ray Stress Measurement of Tungsten Fiber Reinforced Titanium Composite Produced by Spot Welding 1095 Masashi Haneoka, Masayuki Nishida, Ryoji Hirai Analysis of Heterogeneous Deformation Behavior by Full Constraints Model in Alpha-titanium Alloy · · · · .. · · · 1100 Motoaki Morita , Osamu Umezawa Effect of Heat Treatment on Fracture Toughness Properties of TC4-DT Alloy ··· ······ ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1104 Hongchuan Ye, Xuehua Zhang, Henglei Qu, Hui Li, Fugua Li Effects of Re-heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of TC4-DT Titanium Alloy Plates ...... ····················· ...... 1107 XIEYingjie, QUHenglei, YANGJianchao, ZHANGQing, LVLiqing, WANGXing Effect of Omega Phase on Shape Memory Properties of Ti-base Alloys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1110 Hee Young Kim, Yazan Al-Zain, Tomonari Inamura, Hideki Hosoda, Shuichi Miyazaki The Important Technology Parameters of Elbow Made by Diameter-expanding and Pushing-bend Method 1114 Chen Jun, Yang Haiying, Duan Wensen Flow Stress Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Cast TA24 Titanium Alloy During Hot Deformation 1119 Su Hanghiao, Yang Yingli, Guo Dizi, Wu Jin ping, Zhao Hengzhang, Zhao Bin, Luo Yuanyuan Measurement of Plastic Zone at Fatigue Crack Tip by Microhardness and Nanoindentation Technique········· 1124 Liu Cuiyun, Yang Han, Wen Shizhen, Ma Chaoli, Li Huanxi The Preparation and Properties of Dissimilar Joints between Ti-6Ta and 304L Stainless Steel ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· 1128 WU Jin-ping, YANG Ying-Lin, SU Hang-hiao, Guo Di-zi, Zhao Heng-zhang, Zhao Bin Deformation Behaviour of Surface Treated Two-phase Titanium Alloy in Bending · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · 1132 Waldemar Ziaja, Jan Sieniawski, Maciej Ossowski, Krzysztof Kubiak High Cycle Fatigue Strength of Hydrostatically Extruded Nanocrystalline CP Titanium ··· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · 1137 Halina Garbacz, Maciej Motyka, Waldemar Ziaja, Malgorzata Lewandowska, Jan Sieniawski, Krzysztof Topolski Properties of Ti-5Al-4Mo-4V-4Cr-3Zr Titanium Alloy Bar ········· ······················································ 1141 GE Peng, ZHOU Wei, ZHAO Yong-qing, Wu Huan Analysis of Double Shear Strength in ~21S Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1145 Zhongho Zhou, Lijun Zhang, Yi Chen, Hongchao Kou, J inshan Li, Hui Chang, Lian Zhou Comparative Study,in Pure Titanium Sheet,of the Microstructural Evolution Induced by Incremental Forming Process and Plane Strain Tensile Tests ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1148 Yannick BALCAEN, Vanessa VIDAL, Vincent VELAY, Laurent ROBERT, Philippe LOURS, Florence PETTINARI-STURMEL, Joel DOUIN Crystal Plasticity and Quasi-Cleavage Facet Formation During Fatigue Loading · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ··· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · 1152 Martin R. Bache, Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Rengen Ding, Ian. P. Jones • XXll • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Fatigue life Variations Due to Microstructure in Ti 6Al 4V ······ ······················································ 1156 Cameron Pleydell-Pearce, Mark T. Whittaker, Martin R. Bache Effect of Oxygen Content on the Properties of Commercial Pure Titanium Tubes ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ...... ··· ······ 1161 Yang Yingli, Guo Dizi, Zhao Hengzhang, Su Hangbiao, Luo Yuanyuan, Lu Yafeng Deformation and Crack Propagation in Til53 Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ······ ··· 1165 ] ing Chen , X inrin Liu , Lixi Tian , Chaoli Ma Failure Behaviour and Energy Adsorption in Gum Metal (Ti-36Nb-2Ta-3Zr-O) ···································· 1169 Nicholas G. Jones, Russell J. Talling, Trevor C. Lindley, David Dye Effects of Cold-rolling Reduction and Annealing Condition on Plane Anisotropy of Mechanical Properties of a+~ Type Titanium Alloy Sheets ·························································································· 1174 Akira Kawakami, Tomonori Kunieda, Kazuhiro Takahashi, Hideki Fujii Evaluation of Wear Properties of Ti/SiC Nano-composite Surface Layer Fabricated Using Friction Stir Processing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1179 Ali Shamsi pur , Seyed F arshid Kashani-Bozorg , Abbas Zarei-H anzaki Structural Relaxation of Ti-based Bulk Metallic Glasses ·· .. ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · .. · · · · · ·· .. · · ·· · ·· · · ·· 1183 ] . N. Mei, ] . L. Soubeyroux, ] . ] . Blandin The Effect of Oxygen on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Modes of Ti-2Al-x0 Alloys at Different Temperatures ·················································································································· 1187 Qiaoyan Sun , Yanling Xu, Lin Xiao ] un Sun, Peng Ge Influence of Microstructure on Tensile properties of ~-metastable Ti 17 Alloy ...... 1191 Elisabeth Aeby-Gautier, Benoit Denand, ] ulien Teixeira, Moukrane Dehmas, Benoit Appolaire, Amico Settefrati Effects of Combined Process on Mechanical Properties of TB2 Titanium Alloy Bars ··· ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ...... ··· 1196 Guocai Chen, Lei Chao, Su Chen, Wenjia Yang, Wenqi Zhang, ] un Zhao Effect of Rolling Process on High Cycle Fatigue Property of Ti-6Al-4 V Sheet ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· 1199 WANG ]uanhua, CHEN Yonghui, WANG Hongwu, LIU Pingping, WANG Wenjun Influence of Loading Manner on Fatigue and Dwell-fatigue Behaviour of Ti6242 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · ·· 1202 ] ianke Qiu, Yingj ie Ma, Haibin] i, ] iafeng Lei, Yu yin Liu, Rui Yang Aging Response and Properties of Ti-7333 Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ... ··· ··· 1206 Hongchao Kou, Minjie Lai, Bin Tang, Zhishou Zhu, Hui Chang, ] inshan Li, Lian Zhou Influence of Heat-treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4 V ELI Plate ··· ··· ··· ··· 1209 WANG Xin, LEI] iafeng, MA Yingjie ,LI Xiaoyani, WANG] ian, WANG Hongwu

Structure and Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Properties of Ti2 Ni Alloys · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1212 Xiangyu Zhao, Liqun Ma, Xiaodong Shen The Influence of Loading Directions on the Failure of the Bicrystal in a-Ti with Grain-boundary Penetrating Dislocations ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · .. · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · .. · ·· · · · · · .... · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · 1219 H. Wang, D.S. Xu, R. Yang, D. Rugg, A. ]. Huang Effect of Aging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Aged Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy with Prestrain ··· ··· ········· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1223 Wei Chen, Qiaoyan Sun , Lin Xiao, ] un Sun Creep Behavior of High Temperature Titanium Alloys at Low Stress-High Temperature Regime ············ 1227 Phani P. Gudipati, Yoji Kosaka Deformation Features at Rolling and Tension under Current in Ti-based Alloys ··· ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ··· ······ ... ··· 1231 Vladimir V. Stolyarov Study on High Cycle Fatigue Behavior and Fracture Surface of TA15 Alloy ...... 1234 Yunjin LAI, Fengshou ZHANG, Yanrong HOU, Xianghong LIU, Yong FENG, ]inshan LI, Pingxiang ZHANG Influence of Al Equivalent on Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4 V ELI · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · .. · · · · · 1237 XiaomiaoCHEN, WenshengWANG, XiaoyunSHI, JieXU,WenzhongLUO, Yi FENG, BaoquanFU, ] ianchao DU, X ianghong Liu, Yong Feng Effect of Non-metallic Elements Si,C and 0 on Mechanical Properties of High Temperature Titanium Alloys ...... 1240 Tao HE, Wenzhong LUO, ] inwen LEI, Yi FENG, ] ianchao DU, Baoquan FU, Yuxuan DU, Wenge MA Effect of Heat Treatment on Properties of TG6 Titanium Alloy ·· · ·· · ... · · · ··· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ... · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · 1244 Wenzhong LUO, ] inwen LEI, j ianming CAI, Tao HE, ] ianchao DU, Xu HUANG, Baoquan FU, Contents • XXlll •

Wenge MA, Xianghong LIU, Yong FENG, Pingxiang ZHANG Effect of Hot-rolling on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of BT14 Alloy ································· 1247 Weidong WANG, Jing ZHU, Jinjin SHANG, Xiaogang ZHU, Baoquan FU, Jianchao DU Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Structure and Property of Ti55531 ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1249 Yushe GAO,Xiaogang ZHU,Xiaoyuan ZHANG, Tao HE ,Gaofeng YU,Xiaodong TANG, Yuxuan DU, Xianghong LIU, Yong FENG, Pingxiang ZHANG Effect of Heat Treating Regime on Mechanical Property and Microstructure of BT18Y Titanium Alloy ··· ··· 1252 Xiaoyun SHI, JianchaoDU, Yunjin LAI, Youchuan MAO, Xiaodong TANG, Yuxuan DU Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of T Al5 Alloy ··· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · 1255 Yu WANG, Yunjin LAI, Kaixuan WANG, Yuxuan DU, Xiaodong TANG, Fengshou ZHANG The Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Large-sized TC18 Titanium Alloy Bar ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· 1258 Shaoqiang LI, Xiaogang ZHU, Yushe GAO, Jinwen LEI, Hu WANG, Xiaodong TANG, Fengshou ZHANG, Xianghong LIU, Yong FENG, Pingxiang ZHANG The Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of TB3 Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1261 Fengqi HOU, Yanli ZHU, Shujin LIANG, Peng ZHANG Machinability of TIMETAL® 54M Evaluated by Milling ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ······ ··· ······ ······ ··· 1264 Stacey Sharp Nyakana, Yoji Kosaka, Vasisht Venkatesh, John Fanning Effect of Microstructure on the Properties of a Near-a High-Temperature Titanium Alloy ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· · · · 1269 Guo Ping, Zhao Yongqing, Hong Quan, Xin Shewei, Liu Wei, Zeng Weidong Modelling Materials Properties critical to Simulation of Thermomechanical Processing in Titanium Alloys 1272 Zhanli Guo, N. Saunders, A. P. Miodownik, J. -Ph. Schille On the Relation between Microstructure, Texture and Tensile Deformation Behavior of Ti3Al2. 5V Alloy at Room Temperature ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· 1277 Nicolas Bayona-Carrillo, Nathalie Bozzolo, Christophe Schuman, Jean-Jacques Fundenberger, Francis Wagner The Role of Microtexture on Fatigue Lifetime Variability and Crack Initiation Mechanisms ····················· 1281 Christopher J. Szczepanski, S. Lee Semiatin, James M. Larsen Crack Orientation Dependence of Fatigue in Titanium Single Crystals · ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· ··· ·· · ·· · ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · 1285 Shinji ANDO, Masayuki TSUSHIDA, Hiromoto KITAHARA Experimental Study of the Deformation Mechanisms in Textured Alpha-titanium Alloy Sheets ··· ······ ········· 1290 Vanessa VIDAL, Yannick BALCAEN, Florence PETTINARI-STURMEL, Joel DOUIN, Philippe LOURS, Vincent VELAY, Laurent ROBERT The Role of Gd Addition in the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Directionally Solidified Ti46AIO. 5WO. 5Si Alloys ······································· ···························································· 1294 R. Chen, J. Yang, H. Ding, J. Guo, H. Fu Effect of Surfactant on Surface Morphology and Wear Resistance of a Micro Arc Oxidized Cp-Ti ······ ··· ··· 1299 Isa Metin OZKARA , Murat BA YIXXJAN Primary a-Phase VST5553 Alloy with Lamellar Structure Properties Effect ··· ······ ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ········· 1303 M. S. Kalienko, A. V. Volkov, V. A. Kropotov, M.A. Konovalov, V. A. Dukhtanov Short Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Ti-6Al-4V with Short-bar and Lamellar Microstructures ································· ··································································································· 1312 Yingjie Ma, J iafeng Lei, J ianrong Liu, Yuyin Liu, Rui Yang Effect of Mo Content on Creep Behavior of a Near-alpha Titanium Alloy Ti-5. 8Al-4. 0 Sn- 3. 5Zr-0. 4Mo- O. 4Si -0. 4Nb-O. 4 Ta-0. 05C ·· · · · · ··· ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· ·· · ··· ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· 1317 S. X. Zhu, J. R. Liu, Q. J. Wang EBSD Orientation Analysis of Secondary Cracks in Fatigued Ti-60 Specimens ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1321 Lina Yang, J ianrong Liu, Zhiyong Chen, Qingjiang Wang, Rui Yang Effects of Heat Treatment on Transformation and Shape Memory Behavior of Ti-49. 8Ni Cold-drawn Wire ...... ······················································································· ······································· 1325 Wang J ian, Chen Dai-song, Zhang Hui-ho, Jin Wei, Liu Yu-yin Structural Stability and Stacking Fault Energies in ~Ti-Nb Alloys: An Ah lnitio Study ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1328 J. Huang, J. Sun, Y. F. Wen, H. Xing Influence of Oxygen Content on the Hardness of Ti-23Nb-O. 7Ta-2Zr-0 Alloy · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · 1332 Y. Yang, G. P. Li, S. Q. Wu, Y. L. Li, K. Yang XXlV • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Effects of Hot-rolling Process on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-4. 5Al3Mo-l V Alloy Plates · · · · · · · · · ··· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ··· · · · · · · 1335 Zhang Hailong, Li changfu Surface Layer Properties and Fatigue Behavior in Ti-6Al-4 V: Comparing Results after Laser Shock Peening, Shot Peening and Ball-Burnishing · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 1338 Mansour Mhaede, Yuji Sano, Igor Altenberger, Lothar Wagner Damage-tolerance Property of T Al 5 alloy · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · 1342 Heshulin, Mayingjie, Wangdingchun Research for Thermal Stability of Ti-6. 5Al-3. 5Mo-0. 2Si ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1345 TAO Hailin, LI Geping, ZHANG Peng, CHEN Zhanqian, WEI Shouyong Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Ti by Powder Metallurgy · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · ·· ··· ·· · · ·· 1349 Guangzhong Li, Hui ping Tang, Changshu Xiang, Xinting Kang, Wenyan Zhang, Gang Li Studies and Researches on TiN Coating of Cutting Plates by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method at High Temperatures ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1352 Ilie Butnariu, Joana Butnariu, Dana Butnariu 5. Intermetallics & MMCs

Development of High Temperature TiAl Alloys ······ ······ ······ ······ ··················································· 1357 J.P. Lin, F. Yang, X. F. Ding, L. L. Zhao, G. L. Chen, Y. H. He Investigation of Inert Refractory systems for Investment Cast TiAl Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1363 X. Cheng, C. Yuan, P. Withey, N. R. Green Microstructures of directionally solidified Ti-45Al-6Nb-O. 3B alloys ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· 1368 Xianfei Ding, Haoliang Wang, Jianpin He, ]unpin Lin, Laiqi Zhang, GuoliangChen Isothermal Low-cycle and Thermo-mechanical Fatigue of a High-strength Multiphase Titanium Aluminide Alloy ...... 1374

Ali El-Chaikh, Thomas K. Heckel, Han~]. Christ, Fritz Appel Microstructure Evolution of Rapidly Solidified TiAl Alloys with Various Nb Contents ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1379 Lihua Chai, Yuyong Chen, ] unpin Lin Opportunities of Increase of Mechanical Properties of the Deformed Semifinished Products from Ti-Al-Nb System Alloys ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 1383 Nadezda Nochovnaya, Alexandra lzotova, Evgeniy Alexeev, Viktor Ivanov Problems of Formation of Fine-grained Structure in Castings from Ti-Al System Alloys (y-Alloys) ············ 1387 Nadezda Nochovnaya, Alexey Kochetkov, Kost ya Bokov, Svetlana Yakimova Designed Experiments for Optimized Mechanical Properties in Cast and PM TiAl-based Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1390 Marc Thomas, Olivier Berteaux, ] ean-Louis Raviart ·Influence of Ti/ Al Ratio and Al Powder Size on Pore Features of PM Titanium Aluminide Porous Material ...... 1394 Li Daren, Cai Yixiang, Fu] ingyi Sintering of gamma Titanium Aluminide (TiAD Alloys Aided by Small Additions of Copper ······ ········· ··· 1398 Y. Xia, G. B. Schaffer, M. Qian Characterisation of a Ductile Ti-3Al-2. 5V/TiBp Composite Produced via Mechanical Alloying · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· 1402 ROPARS Ludovic, SILK Jonathan, BASS Nigel, BIZE Tanguy, GOURDET Sophie Carbides in Ti-45Al-5Nb Alloys with Different Carbon Contents ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1407 Heike Gabrisch, Andreas Stark, FranlcPeter Schimansky, Li Wang, Norbert Schell, Florian Pyczak

Effect of Nb Content on Phase Evolutions and Microstructure of TiAI/ Al 2 0 3 Nano-composite Prepared by Mechano-thermal Processing · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · 1411 Saeed Heshmati-Manesh, Somaye Alamolhoda, Abolghasem Ataie The Influence of Cooling Rate and Alloy Co~position on the Formation of Borides during Solidification of Boron-containing TiAl Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1416 Chao Yang, Dawei Hu, Xinhua Wu, Aijun Huang, Mark Dixon The Effect of Molybdenum on the Phase Transformation Behavior of ~/y-TiAl alloys ··························· 1421 Svea Mayer, Christian Sailer, Thomas Schmoelzer, Janny Lindemann, Thomas Lippmann, Masao Takeyama, Peter Staron, Helmut Clemens The Transformation Mechanism of Beta Phase to Omega-related Phases in Nb-rich Gamma-TiAI Alloys Studied by in-situ High-energy X-ray Diffraction ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1425 Contents • xxv

Andreas Stark, Michael Gehring, Florian Pyczak, Thomas Lippmann, Lars Lottermoser, Andreas Schreyer Shear Localization and Cracking during Hot-working of Gamma-Based Titanium Aluminides · · · · · · · · · .. · · · .. · · 1429 Ulrich F roebel Fatigue Behaviour of Advanced y TiAl Alloys Subjected to Small Particle Impacts ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1433 Martin R. Bache, Mark Dixon, Wayne E. Voice The Influence of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure of Particulate Reinforced Titanium Metal Matrix Composites · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ··· · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · .. · · · ·· · .. · .. · · · · 1437 ] ean-Baptiste Fruhauf, Sebastien Saunier, Christophe Desrayaud, Frank Montheillet Effect of Reinforcement Size and Distribution on Tensile and Wear Properties of Titanium Matrix Composites by Horizontal-type Centrifugal Casting · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · .. · · · · · · · · · · ··· ·· · ... ·· · .. · ·· · .. · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .. · .. · 1442 Bong-] ae Choi , Seul Lee , Young-] ig Kim Microstructure and Properties of Microstructurally Refined Cast Ti46Al8Nb and Ti46Al8Ta ...... 1447 Michael H Loretto, Zhiwei Wu, Ming Q Chu, Dawei Hu, Holger Saage Strengthening Mechanism of Ti 3 Al/(a+~)Ti Dual Alloy's Joining Interface ...... 1451 Yao Zekun, Zhao Zhanglong, Guo Hongzhen, Cao] ingxia, Zhang J ianwei Characterization of microstructure and texture of a cold-rolled high Nb containing TiAl Alloy ... ··· ...... ··· 1454 Wang X ing, Lin] unpin, Yang ] ianchao, Qu Henlei, Xaie Yingj ie, Wang Ruining

Fabrication of Ti2 AlC/Ti-44Al-6Nb-O. 3Y Composite by Spark Plasma Sintering ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· 1457 Fei Yang, Yixiang Cai, Yuyong Chen, Fantao Kong Rapid Solidification of Ti-Al Alloys under Electromagnetic Levitation Condition ··· ··· ... ··· ...... ··· ...... ··· ...... 1460 K. Zhou, H.P. Wang,]. Chang, B. Wei Hot Workability of Orthorhombic Ti-22Al-11Nb-2Mo-1Fe Alloy ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· ··· ...... ··· ...... 1463 Yong Mao, Masuo Hagiwara Flow Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Ti-46Al-6(Cr,Nb,Si,B) Alloy During Hot Compression ··· 1467 Shi Puying, Li Zhenxi , Cao Chunxiao Application of Zirconia Ceramic Moulds for Investment Casting of TiAl Alloys ...... 1471 Yuyong Chen, Yanfei Chen, Shulong Xiao, ] ing Tian, Lijuan Xu

The Phase Transformation and Microstructure Evolution during Heating of Ti2 A1Nb-based Alloys ...... 1475 Wei Dang, ] in-shan Li, Tie-bang Zhang, Hong Zhong, Xian15yi Xue, Rui Hu Influence of Oxygen on the Solidification Behavior of High-Nb TiAl Alloys ...... 1478 Y. L. Yang, J. S. Li, H. Zhong, T. B. Zhang, H. C. Kou, R. Hu, H. Chang Fabrication of Continuous SiC Fiber Reinforced Ti-Al lntermetallic Composites using Elemental Foils 1481 Tingting Wang, Yangbo Sun, Haoyan Diao, Di Zhang, Fengmei Ma, Chaoli Ma Hot Deformation Behavior of a ~-solidified TiAl Alloy · · · · · · ·· ...... · ·· .... · .... · · · · · · .. · · ·· .. · · ·· · · .. ·· .... · · · ·· · ·· · · · · 1486 Zhihai Deng, ] inshan Li, Tiebang Zhang, Hong Zhong, Rui Hu, Hui Chang Phase Transition in Directionally Solidified TiAl-based Alloys Containing Nb and Mo ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1491 Hong Zhong, Kun Bai, ] in Wang, Tiebang Zhang, Hongchao Kou, Shuangming Li, J inshan Li Interfacial Reaction and Microstructure Evolution of the Matrix in Mo-coated SiC Fiber Reinforced Ti6Al4 V Composite ...... 1494 X. Luo, Y. Q. Yang, Q. Sun, Y. ]. Yu, G. M. Zhao, W. Zhang Research on High-temperature Creep Properties of TP-650 Titanium Matrix Composites ··· ...... ··· ...... ··· ··· 1499 Deng Chao, Mao Xiaonan, Qu Henglei, Li Mingli, Yang] ianchao Study on Explosive Welding Effect of Large Area Titanium/Steel Clad Plates on Different Dynamite Arrangement · · · ·· · · · · · .. · · · · · · .. · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · .. · ·· · · · · ·· · .. · ·· · .. · ... · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · .. · ·· · · ·· · · · .. · · · · ·· · ..... · ·· · 1502 Zhang Hangyong, Liu Runsheng, Guan Shangzhe, Pang Lei, Che Longquan, Fu Guanghui ,Li Yindi Formation Process of Ti-Al lntermetallics during Solid-Liquid Reaction between Titanium and Aluminum Foils ...... 1506 Yanbo Sun, Tingting Wang, Di Zhang, Yeqing Zhao, Shasha Zhao, Chaoli Ma Compressive Properties of High Nb-TiAl Porous Materials Fabricated by Element Powder Metallurgy .... · · 1511 Fan Yang, ] unpin Lin, Yuehui He, Guoliang Chen

Precipitation Process of The New Intermetallic y1 Phase in Ti-Al-Nb Ternary System ··· ... ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ... 1515 YiFan Hu, Xiaojiao Zhang, ]unpin Lin, Guoliang Chen

On the Site Ordering Behaviors of Elements in Ti3 Al and Ti2 AINb-based lntermetallics by using Sublattice Model Supported with ab initio calculations ...... ··· ··· ...... ··· ... ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... 1519 Bo Wu, Tuo Chen, Zhenhuan Zheng, Guoxin Ye, Likun Zhang, Chaohui Zhang, Gang Wu, Haitong Liu, • XXVI Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Chaoran Huang, Min Wang, Maohua Lin, Qiang Li, Yanqun Shao, Cheng Wang Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB and Ti-6Al-4 V Composites by Powder-metallurgy 1523 Yongren Liang, Qingwen Duan, Tuanwei Yang, Yinjiang Wu Nucleation of Crystallization in Titanium and Vitreous State in Glass-forming Melt ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · 1527 Robert F. T ournier Preparation and Characterization of High Titanium Ferrous with Low Oxygen Content by Enhanced Reduction- SHS ······························································································································ 1532 Dou Zhihe, Zhang Ting-an, Zhang Hanho, Zhang Zhiqi, Niu Li ping, Yao Yonglin, He J icheng Effects of the Surface Fine-grain Layer on the Mechanical Properties of Cast TiAl ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1538 Chunlei Zhu , Chen Luo , Sheng Li , Ji Zhang Room and Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties of SiCr/TCl 7 Composite ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 1545 XuZHANG, QingYANG, Yu-min WANG, ]icrfengLEI, RuiYANG FEM Simulation of Hot Compression of TiAl on Gleeble Simulator · ·· · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· 1549 D. ]. Yu, C. Y. Teng, D.S. Xu, C. G. Bai, G. Z. Wei, R. Yang Influence of Extrusion Temperature on Microstructure of Ti-47 Al-2Cr-2Nb-O. 15B ·················· ············ 1553 Renci Liu, Dong Liu, Yuyou Cui , Rui Yang Manufacturing of y-TiAl Sheet by Hot Packed Rolling of Powder Metallurgy Preform ························ ··· 1558 Lei Xu, Chunguang Bai , Gang Wang, Dej un Yu, Dongsheng Xu, Yu you Cui, Rui Yang Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Tensile Deformation of Tilt Grain Boundaries in Gamma TiAl ...... ······························································································································ 1563 W. ]. Zhao, D. S. Xu, H. Wang, R. Yang

Synthesis of Ti2 AlN Cermet Strengthened by Al 2 0 3 ••• ••• ••• •••••• ••• •••••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• 1567 Zhuo Zheng, Gang Wang, Yuyou Cui, Rui Yang Microstructure Refinement and Improvement of Mechanical Properties of as-cast TiAl Based Intermetallics with Yttrium and Boron Addition ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 1571 Yang Xin, Xi Zhengping, Liu Yong, Tang Huiping, ]ia Wenpeng, HeWeiwei, Liu Haiyan Effects of Mo Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti45Al5Nb0. 3Y Alloy 1575 Hao Zhang, Dehin Shan , Wenchen Xu Study on Production of Pre-alloyed Powders and Powder Metallurgy Processing of A Gamma Titanium Aluminide · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · 1579 Lang Zehao, Zhang Xuhu, Shi] inliang, Wang Liang, J ia Wenjun 6. Component Manufacturing Development of Welding Technologies in Titanium Component Manufacturing ···································· 1585 Boris E. Paton, Sergii V. Akhonin, Valery P. Prilutsky Comparison of Different Routes for Production of CP-Ti Powder Compacts used as Preform for Forging of Con-rod ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 1592 Rimma Lapovok, Ma Qian, Colleen Bettles Free-machining Titanium Alloys Based on Ti 15V 3Al 3Cr 3Sn ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1597 Badya Zahra, Francesco Depentori, Carsten Siemers, ] oachim Rosier

Infrared Brazing Ti50 Ni50 and Ti-15-3 Alloys Using Two Ag-based Fillers ·· · ··· ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · 1602 T. E. Yang, R. K. Shiue, S. K. Wu High Performance Machining of Ti-834: Mechanisms of Microstructural Damage · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1607 Pete Crawforth , Meurig Thomas, Brad Wynne, Sam Turner, Martin ] ackson Diffusion Bonding of Ti6Al4 V using Encapsulation-free Hot Isostatic Pressing ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 1612 Z. Wu, ] . Mei, W Voice, Steve Beech , X Wu Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Alloy using a Co-based Alloy Tool ················································ 1616 Seung Huxm C. Park, Yoshito Nagahama, Satoshi Hirano, Shinya Imano, Yutaka S. Sato, Hiroyuki Kokawa, Toshihiro Omori, Kiyohito Ishida Powder Mixed Electrical Discharge Machining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) ···································· 1621 Lin Tang, Yongfeng Guo, Mu.xi Wang, Pengju Hou, Xinlei Ma Study on Porosity Formation in the Keyhole Mode Electron Beam Full-penetration Welding of Titanium Alloys ···································································································································· 1624 ] ianglin Huang, Alistair Smith, Nils Warnken, ] eart-Christophe Gehelin, Martin Strangwood, Roger Reed Post-weld Atmospheric Contamination of Gas Tungsten arc Deposited Welds in Commercially Pure and Contents • XXVll

Ti-6Al-4 V Titanium Alloys ··· ...... · ...... 1629 Nicholas Hoye, Huijun Li, John Norrish, Rian Dippenaar Study on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Gr5-SS304 Clad Plate Manufactured by Explosive Welding ...... 1634 Hui Zhao, Pingcang Li, Yinggang Zhou, Xiaosong He High Performance Titanium Powder Metallurgy Components Produced from Hydrogenated Titanium Powder by Low Cost Blended Elemental Approach ...... 1639 Georg Abakumov, Vlad Duz, Orest lvasishin, Vladimir Maxson, Dmytro Savvakin Discussion on X-ray Test Method of T-shaped Titanium Castings ...... 1644 Xin Tianning Research on TIG Manual Welding Technology of Ti-3Al-2Mo-2Zr Titanium Alloy ...... 1647 Yuan Xiaogang, Wang] ianhong Isothermal Local Loading Technology and Its Application in Large-scale Integral Component Forming of Ti-alloy ...... 1651 Sun Zhichao, Yang He Oxidation Behavior of Cast Alpha-Titanium Scrap Blends for Exhaust Systems Applications ...... 1656 Silvia Gaiani , Paolo Veronesi, Bostjan ] urisevii: Calciothermic Reduction of Ti-6Al-4V ...... 1662 Benjamin. S. Moorhouse, Malcolm. Ward-Close, Mary. P. Ryan, Barbara. A. Shollock Manufacture of Titanium condenser tubes for Nuclear industry in China ...... 1666 Lodoic de Kerret, Pascal Gerard, Li Changjiang, Raphael Seghier The Influence and Mechanism of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Performance to Welded Titanium Cathode Drum for Copper Foil Production ...... 1670 Ren Lina, Ju He, Feng Sheng, Cai Tianxiao, Liu Bo, Sun Wenbin Preparation of Unitary Titanium Porous Restrictor ...... 1676 Tan Ping, Pang GuangQing, Tang HuiPing, Chen J inmei, Ge Yuan, Wang QiangBin, Kang XinTing Finite Element Analysis of Coupling Force for TiNiFe Shape Memory Pipe Coupling ...... 1681 Huibo Zhang, J ian Wang, Wei Jin, Rui Yang Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Linear Friction Weldment of a Near-alpha Titanium Alloy Ti-60 ...... 1685 Z. Y. Chen, Q. ] . Wang, ] . R. Liu, T. C. Zhang, R. Yang Research on Surface Properties of T A2 Commercially Pure Titanium Surface by Friction Stir Processing .. · 1690 Ma Honggang, Wang Kuaishe 7. Near Net Shape Processing Net Shape Processing of Titanium Alloys for Enhanced Performance and Improved Affordability ...... · 1697 Craig A. Brice Synthesis of Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Ni-Ti Biomaterial Powders by Mechanical Alloying ...... 1704 M. Salehi, M. M. Verdian, K. Raeissi Single Press and Sinter of ITP Process Ti6Al4 V Powder ...... · 1709 Xiaoyan Xu, Philip Nash, Yingjie Yan, Thomas Zwitter, Kamal Akhtar, Kerem Araci Layer Build of Titanium Alloy Complex-Geometry Components for Rocket Engines ...... 1715 ] ohn Halchak, ] ohn Wooten, Bryan McEnerney Optimization of Parameters for Pressureless Sintering of Titanium and Ti-6Al-4 V Powders by a Taguchi Method ...... 1719 Changzhou Yu, Peng Cao, Mark I ] ones Beta Processing of Ti6Al4V-Microstructure and Properties ...... 1722 Thomas Witulski, Gregor Terlinde Simulating and Predicting the Process of Hot isostatic Pressing of a Casing Part with Ti6Al4 V Powder ...... 1726 Kai Liu, Yusheng Shi ,Guocheng Liu,] iwei Wang, Qingsong Wei Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Metal Deposited Ti-6Al-4 V ...... 1730 Pia Akerfeldt, Robert Pederson, Marta-Lena Antti Insights into the Formation of Titanium in the TiRO™ Process ...... 1735 Christian Doblin , Ain Beruldsen Microstructural Manipulation and Mechanical Properties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy Manufactured by Selective • XXVlll • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Laser Melting · · · · · · .. · · · · .. · .. · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 17 40 L. C. Zhang, ] . D. Miller, T. B. Sercomhe The Application of Isothermal Near Net-shape Forming Technology on Titanium Complicated Load-bearing Structures · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17 44 Guo Hongzhen, Yao Zekun, Zhao Zhanglong, Guo Yingguang, Tang Jun, Li Yuanchun The Use of Titanium and Titanium Alloy Powder Compact Forging to Produce Near-Net Shaped Rocker Arms and The Influence of Processing Conditions · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 17 49 Mingtu J ia , Deliang Zhang, Brian Gabhitas Role of Hydrogen and Alloying Elements in Titanium Hydride Based BEPM of Titanium Alloys · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 1754 Dmytro Savuakin, Mykola Gumenyak, Mykhailo Matviychuk Development of Low-cost and High-strength Titanium Alloy by Powder Metallurgical Process ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · 1759 Satoshi SugaUXLra, Osamu Kanou, Hideo Takatori, Hiraki Ikeda, Yuka Saimen, Miki ya Yamana Effect of Modified-Oxide Mold on the a-case for Titanium Lost Wax Casting ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· 1763 Seul Lee , Bon15 Jae Choi , ] eon15 IL Youn , Young-Jig Kim Full-density Titanium Materials Fabricated by High Velocity Compaction Technology ··························· 1767 Zhiqiao Yan, Yixiang Cai, Qiang Chen, Fuhing Zhang Chloride Impurities in Titanium Powder Metallurgy-A Review ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · ·· · ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· 1770 R. ]. Low, M. Qian, G. B. Schaffer Aqueous Binder for Powder Injection Moulding (PIM) of Ti and Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1775 Stella Raynova, Deliang Zhang, Latitia Vondeju, Allan Borrys, ] ulie Requiez Numerical Simulation of Counter Gravity Casting of Ti Al Blades · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 1779 Y. D. Chu, H. Chang, Y. J. Zhang, H. C. Kou, H. Zhong, J. S. Li Effects of Heating Temperatures on Hot Spinning of T Al5 Alloy Thin-walled Shell · ·· ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 1783 Mei Zhan, Tian Li, He Yang, Qiaoling Wang, Hu Li Preliminary Discussion of the Closing Mechanism of TClO Alloy Casting Imperfections in HIP · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1787 Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Zhilong, Zhang Yansheng, Zhao Fangli, Mao Qi, Tian Weihua The Fluidity of Cast Ti-1100 Alloy in a Centrifugal Casting Machine · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1792 Ertuan Zhao, Fantao Kong, Yanfei Chen, Shulong Xiao, Yuyong Chen The Effect of Isothermal Sintering Time on the Sintered Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-3Ni- (3-4 )Si Alloys ·················································································································· 1796 Y. F. Yang, S. D. Luo, G. B. Schaffer, M. Qian Near-net Shape Processing of High Nb Containing TiAI Alloying Powder by Gelcasting · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · 1800 Xiaoting Liu, Huiping Shao, Donghua Yang, Ye] i, Zhimeng Guo Experimental Study on Near-Net-Shape Forming of Titanium Alloy Powders Complex Parts by Hot Isostatic Pressing ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1804 ] iwei Wang, Qingsong Wei, Pengjv Xue, Yukun He, Yusheng Shi Homogeneous Flow and Superplastic Forming Process of Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd-Sn Bulk Metallic Glass in Supercooled Liquid Region · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1808 X. Zhou, H. C. Kou,]. Wang,]. S. Li,]. ]. Blandin, L. Zhou Injection Molding of Mechanical Alloyed Ti-Fe-Zr Powder ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1812 H. Ozkan Cul.my, Volkan Gunay, Tarik Baykara, Randall M. German Advance in Powder Metallurgy of Titanium ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1817 Igor S. Polkin, V. N. Samarov Superplastic Properties of Fine Grain TIMETAL® 54M (Ti-5Al-4V-0. 75Mo-O. 5Fe) ······························ 1821 Yoji Kosaka, Phani P. Gudipati Characteristics of Microwave Sintering of Titanium Powder Compacts · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 1826 S. D. Luo, Y. F. Yang, G. B. Schaffer, M. Qian Influence of Build Geometry on Beta Grain Structure and Texture during Additive Layer Manufacture (ALM) of Ti-6Al-4 V by Electron Beam Selective Melting ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1830 Alphons A Antonysamy, Phil B Prangnell, ] onathan Meyer Densification and Properties of Ti-5Al-2. 5Sn Alloy from Atomized Powder ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1835 Lei Xu, ] un Wu, Yuyin Liu, ] iafeng Lei, Rui Yang Study on Powder Metallurgy TCll Alloy and Near-Net-Shape Process ································· ············ 1839 Wang Liang, Lang Zebao, Xu Xiaojing, Shi J inliang, Jiang Yanqing, Yao Caogen The Effect of Sampling Method on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Casting · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· · · · · · · 1844 Contents • XXIX

Wang LanFang, Zhu ZhongRen, Wang LeiHua, Su Hai] un, Tian XiaoKe 8. Environmental Behavior Development of Titanium Alloys with Corrosion Resistance in Aqueous Fluoride Solutions ... ··· ··· ··· ··· ...... 1851 Takumi Haruna The Effect of High Temperature Oxidation on the Fatigue Fracture Mechanism of Ti-4Al-2V Alloy ··· ··· ··· 1857 Faraz omidbakhsh, Ali Reza Ebrahimi, Farhad Zarei Notched Tensile Fracture of Ti-6Al-4 V Laser Welds at Elevated Temperatures ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· 1860 M. Y. Lu, L. W. Tsay, C. Chen Suppressing the Alpha-casing of Ti-alloys by a Combined Al-and F-treatment ·· · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 1864 Alexander Donchev, Michael Schutze, Andreas K olitsch , Rossen Yankov Solid Metal Induced Embrittlement of Titanium Alloys in Contact with Copper ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1868 Pia Akerf eldt, Robert Pederson, MarttrLena Antti High Cycle Fatigue Properties of Ti-834 Following Prolonged Thermal Exposure in air ·· · · ·· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1872 Meurig Thomas, Trevor Lindley, Dave Rugg, Martin Jackson The Research on the Mechanism and Prevention of Solid Particle Erosion for Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· 1877 HAN Dong, LIU Dao Xin Corrosion Resistance and Hardness Properties of Electroless Ni-P Coatings on Ti-6Al-4 V Titanium Alloy 1881 Zhang Xingwei, Sun] ie, Zhang Gang Influence of Hydrogen Environment on the Mechanical Properties of Cast and Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4 V ...... 1885 Raghuveer Gaddam, Pia AkerJeldt, Robert Pederson, MarttrLena Antti Study on the Microstructure and Properties of Ti40 Titanium Alloy by Thermo-hydrogenation Treatment 1889 Zhang Pengsheng, Mao Xiaonan, Zeng Weidong, Zhao Yongqing Characterization of TiNi Gas-atomized Powders and Thermally Sprayed Coating · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 1894 Xin Liu, Huan-wen Xie, Chun-ming Deng, Yi-xiang Cai, Min Liu In Situ Formation of TiN Coating on T A2 Pure Titanium via Laser Surface Nitriding ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1898 Liu Fencheng, Lin Xin, Huang Chun ping, Lv Xiaowei, Lin Naiming, Huang Weidong The Influence of Pre-oxidation in a Silica-powder Pack on the Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of High Nb-TiAl Alloys ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ······ ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· 1902 Pengfei Sun, Li Zhang, J unpin Lin, Guoliang Chen Titanium and Titanium Alloy Coatings for Corrosion Protection ··· ··· ··· ··· ...... ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1906 Hong Zhou, Brian Gabbitas, Steven Mathews, Deliang Zhang Inoxidizability of NiCoCrAlY Coatings Deposited on Ti Alloys by Magnetron Sputtering ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· 1911 Wang Baoyun, Li Zhengxian, Du] ihong, Wang Yanfeng, ] i Shouchang Properties of Lanthanum Containing Free-machining Titanium Alloys with Regard to Localized Corrosion 1915 Francesco Depentori, ] udith Laukart, Sigrid Benfer, Carsten Siemers, Wolfram Fiirbeth A Mechanism of Nickel Deposition on Titanium Substrate by High Speed Electroplating ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · 1920 Ashkan Vakilipour Takaloo, Kamyar Ahmadi Majlan, Meysam Keshavarz, Saeed Farahani, Mohammadreza Daroonparvar, Shayan Vakilipour Takaloo Anodization Replica of Precipitates in Age-Hardening Ti Alloys ········· ...... 1924 Dongyan Ding, Zhaohui Li, Yi Yang, Congqin Ning, Hegang Liu, Peng Ge, Liang Feng Study of Surface Properties of Ti-6Al-4 V with Double-glow Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburizing ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1928 Zhengxian Li, Yunfeng Hua, Shaopeng Wang, J ihong Du, Lian Zhou 9. Aerospace Applications Extending the Use of Titanium Alloys on A350XWB ··· ································· ········· ...... 1935 S. Audion, G. Khelifati, ]. Delfosse, P. Y. Gillie, R. Peraldi Microstructure and Properties of the AlCuFeCr Coating Magnetron Sputtered on TIMETAL 834 ··· ··· ·· · ··· 1941 Tomasz Moskalewicz, Bogdan Wendler, Slawomir Zimowski, Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz Producing Titanium Alloys with Sub Microcrystalline Structure for Manufacturing Parts of Turbine Engine ...... 1946 D. Raspornya, D. Varyukhin, Y. Beygelzimer, R. Kulagin A Novel Approach For The Fabrication of High Performance Titanium Alloy Laminate For Aerospace Application ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· · ·· ··· 1948 . xxx. Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Sabbir Ahmed, Ayan Dey, Alphonsa Joseph, Ghanshyam] hala, Suhrata Mukherjee, Debabrata Chakraborty, Shantanu Bhowmik Prediction of the Microstructure Morphology and Tensile Properties in Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ... ··· 1952 Marion Bessagnet, Christophe Daffos, Stephane Hollard, Philippe Heritier Analysis on Turning Ti-6Al-4V with Different Cooling Methods ······················································ 1957 Marcos V. Ribeiro, Rafael S. Galdino Rough Turning of Titanium Alloy (6Al-4V) ················································································· 1961 Marcos V. Ribeiro, Marcos R. V. Moreira, ] oiio R. Ferreira Generating a Closed Simulation Chain for Hot Forged Aerospace Components to Optimize Fatigue Behaviour ...... ······················································································· ······································· 1965 H. Maderbacher, M. Riedler, B. Oberwinkler, H. -P. Ganser, W. Tan, W. Eichlseder Investigation of the Efficiency of the Ti555 Compared with T A6V Alloy in the Case of an Aeronautic Application ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 1969 M. BenBettaieb, T. Van Hoof, L. Zhang, H. Minnebo, P. Dufour, P. ]. Jacques, L. Duchene, A. M. Habraken Stress Gradient Effect on the· Cracking Process of a Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy under Fretting Loading and Comparison of Non-local Predicted Nucleation Approaches···························································· 1974 R. FERRe, S. FOUVRY, B. BERTHEL, J-A. RUIZ-SABARIEGO Novel Fatigue Characterization and its Evaluation on a Forged Ti-6Al-4V Component ··························· 1979 Wen Tan, Michael Stoschka, Hermann Maderbacher, Martin Riedler, Wilfried Eichlseder Fabrication of Large Scale Bars of Ti-6Al-4 V ELI for Aerospace Application ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· 1984 Baoquan Fu, Pingxiang Zhang, Wensheng Wang, Xiaoyun Shi, Xiaomiao Cheng, Xianghong Liu, Yong Feng Industrial Research and Application of New High-strength TBB Titanium Alloy ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· 1988 Tiewei Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhang, J unqiang Tian, Lijun Zhang, Fengshou Zhang, Xianghong Liu, Feng Yong, Pingxiang Zhang, ] inshan Li Fretting Fatigue Cracking Process of a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Titanium Alloy ············································· 1991 Stephane Heredia , Sieg/ried F ouvry, Bruno Berthe[ , ] erome Panter, Eric Greco Microstructure and Microtexture of Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4 V ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· 1995 Yina Guo, Yulung Chiu, Hangyue Li, Moataz M. Attallah, Simon Bray, Paul Bowen Research and Development of Damage Tolerance Titanium Alloys for Aeronautical Use in China ··· ······ ··· ·· · 2000 Zhu Zhishou, Wang Xinnan, Shang Guoqiang, Zhu Liwei The Vacuum Heat Treatment of Titanium Alloys for Commercial Airframes ·····················;·············· ··· 2005 Robert Hill Forming Technology of Large-diameter, Thin-walled and Weldless Tube of TC4 Alloy ························ ··· 2007 Qi] un Li, Qi Wang, Cao Gen Yao, Qun Shan, Si Yuan Huang Processing, Microstructure and Properties of a Large-scale Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy Plate ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· 2012 Yang ] ianchao , Wang X ing , Qu H enlei , Xie Yingj ie , Zhang Qing , Wang Ruining Rolling Process of Wide and Thin Titanium Sheets · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 2017 L. Q. Lv, R. Q. Wang, H. Li, Y. Dai, B. X. Hu, X. W. Zhang, X. D. Wu, Q. Zhang Obtaining Nanostructured Titanium by Twist Extrusion · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· 2020 V. Varyukhin, Y. Beygelzimer, R. Kulagin, A. Reshetov 10. Biomedical and Healthcare Applications Mechanical Properties of Surface Nanostructured Titanium Alloys and Their Osteoblastic Response 2027 Peng Cao, Chang Li Zhao, X iaonong Zhang Chemical-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Bioinert Oxide Films on Ti Substrates ···································· ··· 2032 Masato Ueda, Ryuichi Kozakura, Masahiko Ikeda, Ruth E. Cameron, Serena M. Best Electrochemical Studies on the Stability and Corrosion Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Applications · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · 2036 ] elliti Sarni, Richard Caroline, Retraint Delphine, Demange[ Clemence, Landoulsi] essem Surface Modification of Low-Modulus Ti35NbXZr Alloys with Nanotube Arrays ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · 2042 Dongyan Ding, Hegang Liu, Congqin Ning, Zhaohui Li Development of Biomedical Ti-Cr Alloys with Changeable Young's Modulus via Deformation-induced Transformation · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · · · · 2046 Contents XXXJ •

Xingfeng Zhao, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai Deoxidation of NiTi Alloys Using Metallic Barium and their Microstructures · · · ·· · · · · · · · ··· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · ... ·· · · ·· · · · 2050 Takayuki Narushima, Daisuke Ito, Kyosuke Ueda Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Biomedical Near-~ Ti Alloy TLM with .~anostructur.e by ARB Process ...... 2054 Yu Zhentao, Ma Xiqun, Wang Gui, Yu Sen, Sun Qiaoyan, Damon Kent Deformation Mechanisms in the Ti-25Ta-24Nb Biomedical Titanium Alloy ...... ·· · ...... · ·· .... 2059 E. Bertrand, D. M. Gordin, P. Castany, T. Gloriant, D. loan, D. Cojocaru, D. Raduc~nu Development of New Titanium Alloys with Changeable Young's Modulus for Spinal Fixatio~· Applications ···································································································································· 2063 Xiaoli Zhao, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai A New Method to Improve Mechanical and Biological Properties of Ti-6Al-4 V ELI ...... ·· · ...... · 2067 Bernhard Mingler, Maciej Krystian, Manfred Bammer Study of Pore Size Distribution and Interconnection of Open-Cell Titanium and Titanium Alloy Foams ...... 2072 Derek Liu, ]effreyA. Rybolt, AndrewMartin, Bryan Smith Grain Refinement in a+~-type Ti-4. 5Al-6Nb-2Fe-2Mo Alloys through Precipitation of TiB or Rare Earth Oxides .. · .. · .. · .. · · .... · · .... · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .... · · .. · .. · ...... · .... · .. · .. · ...... · · ...... · · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · .. · · .... · 2077 Yasunori Kimura, Nobuyuki Umetsu, Naomichi Iwata , Shinichiro Nakaoka , Kyosuke Ueda , Takayuki Narushima The Corrosion Behaviour of Ti20Mo Alloy in Non-pasteurized and Pasteurized Orange Juice ...... 2081 Daniel Mareci , Romeu Chelariu, Daina-Margareta Gordin , Manuela Romas, Daniel Sutiman, Thierry Gloriant Comparative Study of Ti-6Cr-3Sn Biomedical Alloy in Solution Treated and 473K-Aged Conditions ...... 2086 A. Wadood, T. Inamura, H. Hosoda, S. Miyazaki Micro Arc Oxidation of Porous Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn Alloy ...... · ·· .. · ..... · ...... ·· ...... · .. · ..... 2090 Han ] ianye, Liu Chunchao, Yu Sen, Yu Zhentao, Zhang Minghua A thermomechanical Treatment to Improve superelasticity and Low Modulus of Ti-Nb alloys for Biomedical Applications .. · .. · · · · .. · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · .. · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · · .. · · · · .... · · ·· · · · · · · .. · · ·· ... · · · ·· · · · · · .. ·· · · .. · · · .. · · .. ·· · · .. ·· · · · · · .. · .. 2093 W. Elmay, T. Gloriant, F. Prima, B. Bolte, N. Gey, E. Patoor, P. Laheurte Gradation of Mechanical Properties by Local Heating in Beta TiNbSn Alloy .. · · · .... · · · · · ...... · ...... · ...... ·.. 2098 Shuji Hanada, Taek Kyun Jung, Naoya Masahashi, Norikazu Yamada, Tadashi Hasegawa, Yoshio Asano, Tomoo Kobayashi Improvement in Fatigue Strength with Maintaining Young's Modulus Low by Controlling w-phase Precipitation in ~-type Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy ...... 2102 Masaaki Nakai , Mitsuo Niinomi Two-step Gas Treatment of Commercially Pure Titanium for Anatase Layer Formation ...... 2106 Nobuyuki Umetsu, Takuro Okazumi, Kyosuke Ueda, Takayuki Narushima Development of Ultrafine and Nano-crystalline Grain Structures during Modified Accumulative Roll Bonding of Titanium Alloy,Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn...... 2111 Damon Kent, Gui Wang, Zhentao Yu, Xiqun Ma, Matthew S. Dargusch Oxidation Behavior and Effect of Layer Thickness on Whiteness and Exfoliation Behavior of Oxide Film Formed on Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr Alloy ...... 2116 E. Miura-Fujiwara, S. Yamada, A. Obata, H. Sato, Y. Watanabe, T. Kasuga, M. Niinomi First-principles Determinations of Geometric Structure and Stability of a Phase in Binary Ti-xM (M= V, Nb, Mo and Ta) Alloys ...... 2121 Chun-Xia Li, Qin15Miao Hu, Fu-Xing Yin, Osamu Umezawa, Rui Yang Effect of Aging Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr-Fe Alloy for Biomedical Applications ...... 2126 Y. F. Xu, D. Q. Yi, H. Q. Liu, B. Wang, F. L. Yang Phase Stability and Elastic Constants in Ti-Ta Random Alloys From First-principles Calculations .. · ...... 2130 Minjie Lai, Xiangyi Xue, Bin Tang, Hongchao Kou, ]inshan Li, Lian Zhou Structure and mechanical properties of Ti-lOZr-xMo alloys for biomedical applications ...... ·· ...... 2135 Wen-Fu Ho, Yu-Chi Li, HsuelrChuan Hsu, ShilrChing Wu, ShilrKuang Hsu Effect of Milling Time on the Microstructure of Ti35Nb2. 5Sn5HA Biocomposite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy ...... 2139 • XXXll • Proceedings of the 12'h World Conference on Titanium

Xiaopeng Wang, Yuyong Chen, Lijuan Xu, Shulong Xiao, Kee-Do Woo Effects of Mo Addition on Bond Strength of Ti-5Cr Alloys to Dental Porcelain ...... ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2142 Hsue~Chuan Hsu, Li~Sheng Fang, Wen-Fu Ho, Shi~Ching Wu, Shi~Kuang Hsu Preparation and Electrochemical Behavior of Ca-P Containing Porous Titania Coating on TiNbZrFe Alloy by Micro-arc Oxidation ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2146 1 1 1 2 2 Lei] in , Wenfang Cui , Xiu Song , Lian Zhou , Xianghong Liu Effect of Powder Feeding Rate on in Situ Synthesis of HA/Ti Composite Coating ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· 2150 Xiaowei Lv, Xin Lin, Weidong Huang Design of Low Young's Modulus Ti Alloys Using d electrons Alloy Thoery ······································· 2TS3 Song Xi ping, You Li, Ning Chen, Lin] unpin, Chen Guoliang Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Coated Antibacterial Titania Layer on Titanium-Based Biomedical Alloys ··· ··· 2157 Faiz Muhaf fel, Mert Gunyuz, Ceren Daskaya, Dilek Heperkan, Huseyin Cimenoglu First-principles Calculations of the Elastic Poperties of the Teta-Ti-Nb-Zr Ternary Alloys ····················· 2160 You Li, Song Xi ping, Zhang Yong, Lin ] unpin, Chen Guoliang Investigation of Shape Memory Effect and Superelasticity Behavior of Ti-25Nb-3Zr-3Mo-2Sn Alloys by In-situ Tensile Observation ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ······ ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2164 Ning Chen, Xi ping Song, Li You, Xiqun Ma, Zhentao Yu Porosity and Microstructures of Porous Ti-Mo Alloys for Biomedical Application by Gelcasting ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2167 Donghua Yang, Zhimeng Guo, Hui ping Shao, Xiaoting Liu, Ye] i Fatigue Properties and Biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4 V Alloy after EDM Process for Improved Osteointegration- Comprehensive Research Report ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · 2172 ] osef Strasky, Milos] anecek, Lucie Bacakova, ] itka Vratna, Petr Harcuha, Lothar Wagner Phase Stability and Elastic Properties of Ti-Mo-X (X =Ta, Nb, Zr) Alloys From First-principles Calculations ···································································································································· 2176 Mi Gong, Minjie Lai, Bin Tang, Hongchao Kou, ] inshan Li, Lian Zhou Young's Modulus of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys with Meta-stable Beta Phase ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2180 Yonosuke Murayama, Hisamichi Kimura, Akihiko Chiba Corrosion Behavior of Biomedical Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy in Saline Medium ······································· 2184 Yun Bai, Shujun Li, Yulin Hao, Rui Yang Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Porous Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Alloy Developed for Biomedical Application · · · ·· · · · · ··· · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ··· ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· ·· · · · · 2189 Xuying Cheng, Shujun Li, Yulin Hao, Rui Yang Characterization of Plasma Sprayed Hydroxyapatite-glass Composite Coatings onto Titatium Alloy Substrate ···································································································································· 2193 S. Serdar Pazarlioglu, I. Akin Kiyici, Serdar Salman 11. Emerging Applications and Market Research and Development for Practical Use of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2199 Akio Okamoto Qualification of the High-Strength ASTM Grade 29 Titanium Alloy for Static and Dynamic Corrosive, Sweet and Sour Service · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2205 Ronald W. Schutz, Carl F. Baxter Review of Recent Titanium Research in Australia ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······ ··· 2210 S. Palanisamy, M. S. Dargusch, S. Sun, M. ]. Bermingham, C. E. Wen, G. Wang, K. Xia, D. H. St]ohn Creep Properties of Ti-lCu Sheet at Elevated Temperatures ···························································· 2215 Hiroaki Otsuka, Akira Kauxikami, Hideki Fujii Study on Preparing Spherical Nickel Coated Titanium Powders by Electroless Plating and Radio-frequency Plasma · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2220 LIU Xiang-qing, GUO Zhi-meng, MA Can, SHENG Yan-wei, YANG Fang Titanium Powder Metallurgy: Cost Effective Dvelopments ······························································· 2223 M. Ashraf Imam, F. H. (Sam) Froes Overview and Prospect of the World Titanium Emerging Applications Market · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · 2227 Wang Hao Effect of Oxygen Hardened Surface Layer on Fatigue Properties of Ti-5Al-2Fe-3Mo with Fine Acicular

; j Contents • XXXlll

Microstructure · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2232 Kenichi Mori, Hideki Fujii, Norimichi Fukaya, Tadayoshi Tominaga High-Purity Titanium, Zirconium And Hafnium In Nuclear-Power Engineering ···································· 2237 M. Kotsar, S. Lavrikov, V. Nikonov, A. Alexandrov, A. Alexandrov, S. Akhtonov 12. Marine Applications

Titanium Application in Structures Operating in Sea Water ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ·· · ··· · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · ·· · ··· ·· · 2243 I gar V. Gorynin, Alexey S. Oryshchenko, Valery P. Leonov, Vladimir I. Mikhaylov Use of Titanium in the Warship Propulsion Sector ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· ·· · ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· · ·· ·· · ··· ··· ·· · ·· · ··· ··· 2249 Thierry MILLOT, Morgane LE THUAUT Preparation and Characterization of Ti/Ni Core-Shell Structural Powders · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 2254 ] ing Maoxiang, Cai Yixiang The Research and Development of Ti-44528s Alloy and Its Application in Navy Diving Knives ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· 2257 Guocai Chen, Xuefeng Shan, Lei Chao, Wenjia Yang, Su Chen Preparation and Properties of Titanium Nano Modified Epoxy-siloxane Self-stratifying Anticorrosion Coating ···································································································································· 2260 Zhi Zeng, Yi-xiang Cai, Huan-wen Xie, Lei wang Basic Aspects of Creating High-Strength Welded Titanium Alloys for Marine Engineering ··· ··· ··· ··· ··· ·· · ··· 2264 Igor V. Gorynin, Anatolii S. Kudriavtcev, Alexey S. Oryshchenko The Application and Prospect of Titanium Materials in Marine Engineering Equipments · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 2268 Zhu] ianwen, Qu Henglei, Yang ] ianchao, Zhang Zhi, Chen Tingting, Li Changliang, Qi Liang, Shu Ying, Ou Yang Wenho, Yang ] ian , Sun Dan

Author index Subject Index