Return From Exile to Rabbinic Judaism
600 BCE-600 CE(give or take a few hundred years either way) Examples:
Abraham following God’s Abraham: instructions -born in Ur -God told him to leave his land and go “to a land I will show you” -made a covenant with God -first person to recognize Adonai as God
Sodom was a city on the plains of Judea. Abraham’s nephew Lot had gone to live there. It was very wicked. God decided to destroy it. God sent a messenger to tell Lot to get away before the city was destroyed. Lot and his daughters left but Lot’s wife turned back to see the city and she was turned into a pillar of salt.
Sodom being destroyed People: Ezra and Nehemiah
The stories of Ezra and Nehemiah are in the Bible in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah Second temple
The second temple had two courtyards and at least four gates in the outer courtyard. The construction was done in 515 B.C.E It was built by the people who came back from Babylonia. Judea under Persian Rule In the Autumn of 539 B.C.E., Cyrus (Ⅱ) the Great, already the ruler of Persia and Medea, vanquished the Babylonian army and gained control of all of Mesopotamia. He immediately adopted a policy which was to be descriptive of his reign: he encouraged the return of exiles and rebuilding of their shrines, motivated by a benevolence which seemed to sit well both with his temperament and with the need to govern a large far-flung empire. In 538 B.C.E., Cyrus decreed that the Temple of the Jews in Jerusalem was to be rebuilt and that all the exiles who wished might return to Judea, the Persian province of Yahud. This decree inaugurated the period of the Second Temple, also known as the Second Commonwealth. The rise of Cyrus and the fall of Babylon were viewed by the Jews as God’s work. Who was Judah Maccabee? When was he born? When did he die? Where did he live?
Judah Maccabee was a Jewish soldier and a son of the priest Mattathias. He led the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire. Judah Maccabee was born in 190 BC, Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Israel. Judah died in 160 BC, Judea. Judah lived in Modi’im a little village in the countryside, then he moved to Jerusalem after the revolt was successful.
This is an image from the revolt that Judah led an army of Jewish descendants to victory over the Seleucid dynasty in guerrilla warfare, which at first was directed against Hellenized Jews. 1 Why WAS HE important to Jewish history? Antiochus was power hungry. The king thought the Jews were a threat. Thus his decree that Jews may no longer study After Antiochus IV said Jews could no longer practice their/our religion, Judah got upset. Judah revolted against the king, because the king was power hungry. And thus why Judah revolted against him. Some people called him Antiochus the Mad because they thought he was crazy.
You can watch this video to learn more: Slide 7
1 very good. exactly right.Some people called him Antiochus the Mad because they thought he was crazy. Deborah Goldstein, 10/28/2020 1 I'm stealing that- Aliya Bleier _ Student - LigonMS, 10/28/2020 2
The destruction of the second temple: - The second temple was destroyed on the 9th of Av, same day as the first temple was destroyed, just in 70 CE.
- The Temple was burned by the Romans but some people think it was caused because Jews couldn’t get along with each other Slide 8
2 good. can you explain why it was destroyed or why it's important for Judaism that it was destroyed? Deborah Goldstein, 10/28/2020 - Here’s the story: - There was a party. Kazma was invited but Bar Kamza came. No one liked Bar Kamza. They threw Bar Kamza out. He was angry. - Bar Kazma was not really welcome among the people in Jerusalem, and so he left a blemished calf on the rabbis doorstep for sacrifice to see if they would do it. They didn’t and this made him mad. - The rabbis refused to kill Bar Kazma, even though he brought Ceasar and the Romans into Jerusalem. The rebels wanted to fight back and kill Bar Kazma, but the rabbis refused and tried to negotiate peace. But the Romans destroy the temple.
It was important because the Jews had to figure out a different way to worship God. The rabbis started the school at Yavneh and started a new Judaism.
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Check out this video. It tells the story of Kamza and Bar Kamza. Hillel 31
Hillel was born in 110 BCE. When he was a kid he did not have a lot of money. He was so poor that he could not afford even the tuition at the study hall. Instead he sat at the top of the building, in the sunlight listening to the lesson. He got caught, but continued to listen to the lessons. When he got older Hillel helped shape Passover. Compared to Shammai, another rabi, Hillel was very open to other people getting converted to Judaism. Slide 10
3 Nice work Deborah Goldstein, 10/28/2020 1 thankyou Aidan Schechtman, 10/28/2020
Judah ha-Nasi or Judah I, was a second-century rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE. He was a key leader of the Jewish community during the Roman occupation of Judea. That means he wrote down the Talmud. Born: 135 AD, Judea Died: 217 AD, Sepphoris
Tomb of Judah HaNasi(Judah the Prince) Rabbinic Judaism/The Talmud
How to Be Jewish without the Temple 4 Structure of the talmud
In the center is the mishnah(the text)that is being studied, the commentary spirals out and then stops, then there is a rectangle of comments on the comments as an outside ring Slide 14
4 Good. remember you also have to explain what the Talmud is and why it's important. You know that but a lot of people don't. Deborah Goldstein, 10/28/2020