HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(1):159–160189 • APR 2021

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATUREPresumed ARTICLES Combat Behavior in . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: GreaterOn the Road toBlack Understanding the Ecology Kraits, and Conservation of theBungarus Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... niger Joshua M. Kapfer Wall190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical1908, Excursion ...... in Trongsa, BhutanRobert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLES . The Texas HornedJigme Lizard Tshelthrim in Central and Wangyal Western Texas1, Kado ...... Rinchen Emily2, andHenry, Damanti Jason Brewer, Kumari Krista Mougey, Sunwar and Gad3 Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1 ...... UniversityBrian J.of Camposano, New England, Kenneth NSW, L. Krysko, Australia Kevin ([email protected])M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 2Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Trongsa, Bhutan CONSERVATION ALERT3County (Sub-district) Agriculture Officer, Langthel, Trongsa, Bhutan . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225

he Greater HUSBANDRYBlack Krait (Bungarus niger), one of five spe- Although the sex of the kraits was not determined, we Tcies of kraits that. Captive occur Care in of theBhutan, Central Netted is a slender,Dragon ...... terrestrial, Shannon Plummer 226 shy and inoffensive, venomous snake that is primarily noctur- nal but can be encounteredPROFILE occasionally during the day. This . species occurs in northeasternKraig Adler: A Lifetime India, Promoting Nepal, Herpetology Bangladesh, ...... and Michael L. Treglia 234 Bhutan (Uetz etCOMMENTARY al. 2020). At about 1625. Theh on Turtles 23 Have August Been Watching 2020, Me Damanti ...... Kumari Eric Gangloff 238

Sunwar, an AgricultureBOOK REVIEW Extension Officer of Langthel County, Trongsa. District,Threatened Amphibians Bhutan, of theobserved World edited and by S.N. video Stuart,- M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, taped a pair of black snakesR. Berridge, on P. a Ramani, roadside and B.E. in Young Langthel ...... Village Robert Powell 243 (27.34477°N; 90.58163°E, 1,088 m asl; Fig. 1). The video clip was passed onCONSERVATION to Kado Rinchen, RESEARCH the local REPORTS: forest Summariesranger, of Published Conservation Research Reports ...... 245  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 who referred it to theNEWBRIEFS first author, ...... who confirmed the species ...... 248 to be Bungarus niger EDITORIAL. The snakes INFORMATION were intertwined ...... and both ...... 251  were attempting toFOCUS assume ON a CONSERVATION superior position: A Project (Fig. You 2). Can Male Support ...... 252 combat behavior has been described in multiple species of snakes (e.g., Fleay 1937; Lowe 1948; Gillingham et al. 1983; Fig. 1. Langthel Village, Bhutan, where two Greater Black Kraits (Bungarus Senter et al. 2014; Pradhan 2020; and references therein) but, ) were engaged in presumed male-male combat behavior. Photograph Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. niger Back Cover. Michael Kern to the best of our knowledge, not in Greater Black Kraits. by Kado Rinchen. Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 2. Intertwined Greater Black Kraits (Bungarus niger) attempting to assume a superior position in Langthel Village, Bhutan. From a videotape by Damanti Kumari Sunwar.

Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 159 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. WANGYAL ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(1):159–160 • APR 2021 believe that these snakes were engaged in male-male combat bat and dominance in the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. because the behavior of trying to gain an advantage by elevat- Journal of Herpetology 17: 265–270. DOI:10.2307/1563829. Lowe, C.H., Jr. 1948. Territorial behavior in snakes and the so-called courtship ing their heads above that of the other individual was essen- dance. Herpetologica 4: 129–135. tially like that described during male combat by Fleay (1937) Pradhan, A. 2020. A fight between two MacClelland’s Coralsnakes, Sinomicrurus and others. macclellandi (Reinhardt 1844), in Darjeeling, India. Reptiles & Amphibians 27: 506–507. Senter, P., S.M. Harris, S. M., and D.L. Kent. 2014. Phylogeny of courtship and Literature Cited male-male combat behavior in snakes. PloS One 9: e107528. DOI:10.1371/ Fleay, D. 1937. Black snakes in combat. Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of journal.pone.0107528. New South Wales 1936–37: 40–42. Uetz, P., P. Freed, and J. Hošek. 2020. The Reptile Database. .

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