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Volume 40, Number 1 Summer 2017 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains, Pima and Pinal Counties, Arizona by Ries Lindley 1 All figures courtesy the author, except where noted.

Figure 1 Looking east in the Tortolita Mountains from the Ridgeline Trail near its intersection with the Loop Trail. Some of the higher peaks of the eastern project area are in the foreground. Special Issue: This is typical of the semidesert grassland in the project area. The Santa Catalina Mountains A Flora of the Tortolita are in the background. Mountains, Pima and Introduction Pinal Counties, Arizona On a hot day in June of 2012, I found myself bouncing along in the backseat of a big white SUV that belonged to the Desert Botanical Garden. In the front seat were Wendy Plus: Hodgson and Andrew Salywon. I had turned the conversation to my search for a botanical project, specifically a flora. Wendy’s suggestion was the Tortolita Mountains, 27 Another Milestone for the and the why was simple; not much work had been done there. Sky Islands Floras are done for many reasons, including to gain a better understanding for land management, to measure change, to see how an area fits botanically or ecologically in the With Regular Features: puzzle of its neighboring lands, or to fill in terra incognita on a map. e Tortolita project 2 President’s Note falls in the latter category. 4 Book Review Despite the seven million specimens available to the online database known as the 10 Who’s Who at AZNPS Southwest Environmental Information Network (SEINet), there are still a number of places where common species exist and yet are not documented. Most collections are 13 Spotlight on a Native Plant done along roadways, and then secondarily along trails, giving a very skewed view of

©2017 Arizona Native Plant Society. continued next page All rights reserved. 1Arizona Native Plant Society, Tucson Chapter, [email protected] President’s Note by Douglas Ripley A Flora of the Tortolita [email protected] Mountains continued

As the Arizona Native Plant Society celebrates its 40 th anniversary, the Society has enjoyed a busy and productive how a species is actually distributed. And if an spring. Initiatives on many levels have been undertaken area is deemed to be boring, even these types of throughout the state, including our monthly chapter meetings collections are absent. ese little blind spots on and chapter-sponsored field trips; innovative and timely botanical maps concern scientists like Wendy and restoration projects led by John Scheuring, our Conservation Andrew. Committee Chairman and AZNPS Board member; sponsorship Science that is thought to be newsworthy usually of citizen science projects through the Plant Atlas Project of involves breakthroughs of huge proportion, Arizona (PAPAZ); the sponsorship of various research and something unexpected, or something that lends publication projects through our state and chapter grants itself to spellbinding imagery. But all newsworthy programs; and the hosting of our annual Botany 2017 science is built on much smaller building blocks Conference on 13-14 May at Prescott College in cooperation put in place by workers slogging through tasks with the College’s Natural History Institute. that are mostly invisible and incomprehensible to e Arizona Native Plant Society was incorporated in August the rest of the world. 1976. However, it did not hold its first meetings or issue its first is is, hopefully, one of those smaller building publications until early 1977, so the latter year is probably the blocks. is flora provides a formalized botanical best to use to mark the Society’s beginning. record that will help fill in some small voids in the A lot has changed since 1977, not the least of which is the knowledge base that covers our earth, and most attitude of many Americans and their elected officials toward especially, this little patch of Arizona. the environment. e 1970s have been referred to as the Boundaries and Ownership “Golden Age” of environmental enlightenment in America. e Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, e Tortolita Mountains are in two Arizona Coastal Zone Management Act, and many other landmark counties: Pinal County, which makes up the environment laws were enacted, or significantly strengthened, in northern half of the mountains, and Pima County, that decade. It’s very hard to imagine such legislation being the southern part. e project consists of lands enacted today. Indeed, our greatest fear now is knowing that owned by Pima County in both Pima and Pinal many of those important laws are under brutal attack and may Counties and a few parcels owned by the United well be repealed or significantly diminished in the coming years. States government and managed by the Bureau of Land Management. e total area of land in the Members of the Arizona Native Plant Society are clearly people project is 3,515 hectares (8,700 acres or 20% of the who care about the environment and, in particular, the total mountain area); 2,593 hectares (6,400 acres conservation, protection, and understanding of native plants. It or 16%) are Pima County-owned land, and most therefore behooves our Society to increase its efforts to of that is part of Tortolita Mountain Park. e encourage those values in the citizens of Arizona. Many of our remaining 921 hectares (2,300 acres or 6%) are ongoing programs aim to do just that; however, much more can controlled by the Bureau of Land Management. and must be done. I encourage all AZNPS members to e total land area comprised by the Tortolita contribute their efforts to our ongoing conservation and Mountains, including the project, is about 16,000 education initiatives and to suggest new ones. hectares (Figure 2). Regular readers of e Plant Press will notice that this issue is Pima County has a history of purchasing land for different from recent issues — most of the issue is devoted to open space and conservation. Tortolita Mountain one paper, Ries Lindley’s meticulous account of his PAPAZ Park was purchased for multiple uses. It serves as project, which resulted in the compilation of a comprehensive open space for recreation and also functions as flora of the Tortilita Mountains in Southern Arizona. We feel part of a wildlife corridor from the Santa Catalina much is to be gained by publishing accounts such as this and Mountains to the east and various desert look forward to periodically publishing similar works in the mountain ranges to the west. future. Permissions All best wishes for an enjoyable and botanically rewarding summer! Permission to collect plants was obtained from two landowners: the United States Bureau of Land a continued next page 2 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued

Management, Tucson Field Office, and Pima County Natural accessibility, like roads that provided access to project lands. Resources, Parks and Recreation. A permit for collecting A large tract of BLM land in the northwest of the project is specimens on Arizona State Trust land was cost-prohibitive, transected by an unmaintained dirt track that greatly so state-owned land was not included in the project. facilitated sampling different altitudes and microhabitats. Another road along the Pinal County-Pima County line Effort provided access to the northeast side of Tortolita Mountain e first plant was collected on April 4, 2013, and the last Park. In the plant list this road is referred to as Rail X Ranch specimens were collected on July 11, 2015. Forty-eight trips access. Parts of this road were actually in the project area were made, including one day trip with four collectors, four and provided a way to do some quick, easy surveying from a days with three collectors, fieen days with two collectors, high-clearance vehicle. and twenty-eight days with only one An excellent trail system built by collector. Each trip generally Table 1. Project Effort the Town of Marana provided entailed about two to three hours of access to a large portion of the travel to and from the project. Time Days Collectors Person Collecting per Day Days project that lies in Tortolita spent actually hiking, surveying, Mountain Park itself. ese trails and collecting specimens averaged 1 4 4 cut across canyons and washes, about 6.5 hours per person per day. 4 3 12 travel along the higher ridgelines, e total effort, excluding travel 15 2 30 and traverse slopes with different time, was about 480 hours (Table 1). 28 1 28 aspects and geology. e trails offer Although the Tortolitas are not Totals 48 74 walkable access to a number of particularly rugged when compared different microhabitats. to other ranges in southeast Arizona, they presented their e Cochie Canyon road is not publicly accessible below the challenges for an aging botanist. Some slopes are steep, boundary of Tortolita Mountain Park. Only two collecting others remote, and some parts are both remote and steep. trips were made up this road. Both trips were undertaken at Fortunately, there were mitigating features that helped with times when they could be coordinated with an official visit by Pima County employees. Geology Contributed by Charles Ferguson, Reasearch Geologist, Arizona State Geological Survey e Tortolitas lie in the Basin and Range Province, a vast expanse of North America that stretches from southern Oregon and Idaho, down through Nevada, most of Arizona, and along the west coast of Mexico to Puerto Vallarta and inland to Guadalajara in the state of Jalisco. is province is characterized by narrow rugged mountain ranges interspersed with wide flat valleys. is landscape was created by crustal stretching initiated in the middle Tertiary (~25 million years ago) when the western edge of North

Figure 2 Showing the project lands in green tones as well as land ownership. continued page 5

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 3 Book RevIeW by Joseph Charboneau, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson Intermountain Flora Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, USA, Volume 7 Potpourri: Keys, History, Authors, Artists, Collectors, Beardtongues, Glossary, Indices by Noel H. Holmgren and Patricia K. Holmgren 2017. 303 pages. e New York Botanical Garden Press. ISBN: 978-0-89327-545-4. $119.00

Forty-five years aer the publication of its first volume, the written by Noel Holmgren, gives a sense of the immensity Intermountain Flora has come to complete fruition with the of the undertaking and a look at what was going on behind publication of its final volume. Actually the ninth part in the scenes. e idea for the Flora was first proposed back in the series, Volume Seven: “Potpourri” provides a fitting 1931 by Bassett McGuire of what was then called Utah State conclusion to the monumental Flora , which is symbolically Agricultural College (now Utah State University). McGuire bookended by the cover images on the first, and this final was a new professor who had not yet finished his Ph.D. Two volume, with bristlecone pines. In this volume are a new of his former master’s students at Utah State, Arthur key to all families in the flora, a new treatment for Holmgren and Arthur Cronquist, took up the reigns on the Penstemon , a comprehensive glossary, project aer McGuire’s interests became and a cumulative index. You will also focused elsewhere geographically and he find the miscellaneous information and moved to the New York Botanical tidbits that didn’t fit in any of the Garden in 1943. e Flora was also previous volumes, including officially underway that year with the acknowledgements for the whole series, signing of an agreement between Utah authors’ and publication information for State and NYBG. Noel Holmgren, as all treatments and volumes, a detailed both a principal author and the son of history and chronology of the project, principal author Arthur Holmgren, gives biographies of significant contributors, us his unique perspective, on this and photographs of Intermountain West endeavor that began when he was a child. plant collectors through the years. Biographies peppered with anecdotes and stories of the principal authors and Ostensibly Intermountain Flora other significant contributors are also encompasses little of Arizona: the only included. included areas are on the Arizona Strip from the Vermillion Cliffs in the east Readers looking more for utility in the across the Kaibab and other plateaus to present will find it in the new family the Grand Wash Cliffs in the west. keys, an updated treatment of Penstemon , Amusingly to fellow Arizona botanists, the southern a comprehensive glossary, and a cumulative index across all boundary of the flora area (according to Arthur Cronquist’s volumes of the Flora . Family keys can oen be loaded with description of the Flora boundaries reprinted in this technical features, and they can be cumbersome, but the volume from Volume 1) wasn’t extended to the Mogollon included keys here are intended for use in the field based on Rim because it “would add a considerable number of features evident without magnification. Multiple artificial species to our Flora ,” and because in 1972 there was “a groups split the families into shorter keys and ensure ease recent state flora of Arizona” available. He was referring to of identification in either flower or fruit and provide Kearney and Peebles’s Arizona Flora first published in 1951 multiple endpoints for each family. e key even gives a (with a supplement in 1960)! However, many of the species starting point for getting to the genus of your unknown by included within the whole series can also be found in other providing genera (and sometimes species) that key out to parts of Northern Arizona because the flora area includes most of each of the endpoints. e new Penstemon the entire state of Utah. treatment is an update of the one first published in Volume 4 in 1984. Since then, 15 additional species have been A detailed chronology of the Intermountain Flora project, continued next page

4 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 Book Review continued

added to the Flora , including seven new to science, bringing the total number to 119 species. New artificial and technical keys are presented to include previously documented and new species, new or altered species, and variety descriptions corresponding with changes in taxonomy. Amazingly each of the 3,847 species and 1,517 varieties included in the whole Flora are illustrated with line drawings, and the new Penstemon species are no exception. Even more amazingly, over two-thirds of these drawings are by just two artists, Jeanne R. Janish and Bobbi Angell, who both have biographies included in this volume. Sara and John Lemmon on their honeymoon on the slopes of what would later be named Mt. Lemmon in honor of Sara Although you’ll reach for the Potpourri Volume on the shelf Lemmon in the Santa Catalina Mountains outside Tucson. for its family keys, glossary and cumulative index, you’ll Image courtesy of the University and Jepson Herbaria quickly find yourself enraptured with looking through the Archives, University of California, Berkeley. included photographs of over 350 Intermountain West plant collectors, whose specimens form the basis for the Intermountain Flora . Collectors photographs are arranged that could have just as easily been from the 1890s as the in alphabetical order, which provides interesting 1990s. juxtapositions from different time periods and allows you Intermountain Flora Volume 7 is a great and befitting to see what has changed for botanists in the last 150 years conclusion to this monumental work that is the result of or so. ere are fewer neckties and vascula; more synthetic efforts by many dedicated collectors, herbarium staff, fabrics and, encouragingly, women (although there were authors, illustrators, and reviewers. Like the bristlecone many early women botanists compared to some other pines that grace the covers of the first and final volumes, the fields). ese amazing photographs also allow you to see Intermountain Flora will endure long aer future how little has changed over time. ere are many scenes of generations of botanists take up in our stead. botanists working in herbaria or pressing plants in the field a

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America overrode the East Pacific Rise (an oceanic (~ 4 million years ago) continuous with the Santa Catalina spreading center). e East Pacific Rise transferred its Mountains core complex and are now separated by a narrow westernmost edge (Baja and southwestern California) onto valley occupied by a keystone graben (a depressed block of the Pacific tectonic plate whose northwesterly motion with the Earth’s crust bordered by parallel faults), a portion of the respect to the rest of North America is literally pulling the once continuous core complex that aer rising into the continent apart. As the crust extends, regions below ~15 km brittle regime, is now undergoing extensional collapse via respond by stretching, while regions higher in the crust block fault deformation respond by rigid block rotation. Most of the mountain Most of the Tortolitas are in the footwall (south) of a north- ranges throughout the Basin and Range, especially the dipping shear zone and fault called the Carpas Wash shear narrow ones, are tips of the tilted fault blocks, barely zone and Guild Wash fault that runs through the northern emergent, like icebergs, above a sea of surrounding basin part of the mountains. e zone records the transition from sediment. Other ranges, like the Tortolitas, include large upwelling of the core complex while rocks were still ductile, areas of the stretched middle crust known as metamorphic and the Carpas Wash shear zone was active, into the brittle core complexes that were uplied by a combination of regime when the Guild Wash fault took over and cut upward ductile flow and removal of brittle overburden along through the shear zone. To the west (Guild Wash), the two low-angle, detachment faults. e Tortolitas were recently continued next page

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 5 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued

structures are nearly coincident, but to the east they diverge weathered minerals, are relatively recessive and tend to host across another important, down-to-the-east, fault zone into thicker, more calcic soils. two distinct widely separated structures: a southern ductile Soils shear zone at Carpas Wash, and a northern fault zone with zones of cemented breccia. e Carpas Wash shear zone e Tortolita Mountains comprise mostly granitic rock. separates rocks in its hanging wall (north) that have resided ese rocks are easily weathered and have created young in the upper crust since the Early Proterozoic (~one billion alluvium (a deposit of clay, silt, sand, and gravel le by years ago) from rocks in its footwall (south) that were in the flowing streams in a river valley or delta, typically producing middle to lower crust and enjoying strong ductile stretching fertile soil) throughout the Tortolitas (McAuliffe 1999). as recently as 20 million years ago. Since the Cretaceous, ere are twelve soil types in the project: three in Pinal rocks in the footwall were intruded by four granitic plutons County, and nine in Pima County (Figure 3). Most of the (bodies of intrusive igneous rock), three of them just prior to project area is covered in soils that range from ten to 50 cm upli in the Middle Tertiary. eir contrasting (20 in) in depth. Some of the wash areas have soils with characteristics are expressed in several ways, including depths in excess of 200 cm (80 in). resistance to or susceptibility to erosion, geomorphology, and very importantly for this study, the kinds of soil(s) they e project encompasses two soil studies, one in Pinal generate. County and the other in Pima County. is means soils that meet at the county boundaries have different names in e flora project lies entirely to the south of (in the footwall different counties. For a detailed description of the soils of) the Carpas Wash shear zone. is part of the Tortolitas named in Figure 2, see Natural Resources Conservation can be divided into three geologically distinct regions based Service: websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov . primarily on the type of granitic rock that occurs in its continued next page region. e “granites” are distinctive in composition and age. e oldest and largest is a granodiorite (more calcic and less alkalic than a granite) called the Chirreon Wash Granodiorite of latest Cretaceous (70 million years) age. e Chirreon Wash occupies the northeastern quarter of the footwall block and is intruded by a strongly interdigitate granite pluton to the west called the Fresnal Granite. e two northern plutons are bounded to the south by a highly stretched septum of recessive ~1.6 billion-year-old Pinal Schist that hosts a dark, coarse-grained quartz monzonite (slightly more deficient in SiO2 than a granite) called the Wild Burro that includes abundant, elongate stringers (enclaves) of quartzite, marble, and schist of probable Late Proterozoic to Phanerozoic (~1,000 to 250 million years old) age. e Wild Burro intrudes both of the northern plutons and is in turn intruded to the south and southeast by a light, massive granite called the Tortolita Mountains Granite. e two granite plutons to the northwest and southeast tend to be more resistant, forming highlands with rounded tors (abrupt rock outcrops) and with intervening dells floored with thin grussy soils, whereas the granodiorite in the northeast and quartz monzonite in the southwest, both containing over twice as many mafic (iron and magnesium-rich), more easily Figure 3 Soils in the flora project.

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Climate and Weather Cooling periods occur on Earth with about a 100,000-year periodicity. e last glacial maximum was 18,000 years ago. e end of the Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, was marked by the last retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, the large ice mass that covered much of Canada and the northern United States. e climate in the southwest was wetter in the period between the glacial maximum and the retreat of the great ice sheet over Canada. Westerly winds, caused by the presence of this ice mass, pushed far to the south, creating an ecosystem in southwest Arizona more conducive to plants of Figure 4 (above) Reconstructed streamflows in the Gila River near Solomon, wetter climes. Plants like redberry Arizona. Data from www.treeflow.info . juniper and desert scrub oak grew Figure 5 (below) Minimum temperatures in January and maximum temperatures at lower elevations during this in June for Pima County from 1885 to the present. Data for chart from time. From the end of the www.cefa.dri.edu/Westmap/Westmap_home.php . Pleistocene to the present, the Holocene in geological terms, was a modern period of warmer and drier conditions. ese new conditions set the stage for today’s deserts. e Sonoran Desert, as it is today, was probably established as recently as 6,000 years ago. Streamflows estimated from tree ring data provide a record for the Gila River near Solomon, Arizona, that date to 1330 A.D. (Figure 4). Streamflows are extremely and frequently variable in the long term, with a low of 49 million cubic meters in 1685 to a high of 1,775 million cubic meters in 1849. e data since 1332 indicate a slight increase in the average rainfall (Arizona Department of Agriculture, ompson and Anderson: geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/biology/pastclim ). Both the low temperatures for January and the high temperatures for June show an upward trend with increases Historic temperatures from 1895 to 2015 (available from approaching 1 degree Celsius for both since 1895 (Figure 5). WestMap: www.cefa.dri.edu/Westmap ) show that only a scattering of January low temperatures were below freezing. continued next page

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Prehistory Cattle e Tucson basin has been occupied by humans for 10,000 Cattle were first brought to Arizona in the mid-1500s by years, and the Tortolita Mountains show evidence of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado of Spain. e first ranch of occupation, off and on, for the last 5,000 years (Wallace 2008). the area was formally established near the Tortolitas in Early people in the Tucson basin were chiefly hunter- 1844. Known as the Romero Ranch, it spanned lands that gatherers leading a nomadic lifestyle and leaving little included the present-day Catalina State Park. In March evidence of their presence. One site in Ruelas Canyon dates to 1880, the railroad came to nearby Tucson (Sonnichsen the Early Archaic Period (7500–5000 B.C.). is site is located 1982). e railroad did not immediately create the just south of the project on the southern edge of the anticipated business boom. Cattle had been so overstocked mountains. by then that range grasses were badly depleted (Wagoner 1949). An economic depression that began in the 1880s e period from 2100–50 B.C. is known to archaeologists as continued into the 1890s (Sonnichsen 1982). the Early Agricultural Period. In these years early inhabitants established agriculture in the Tucson Basin, including the Whatever the effects of cattle grazing on the desert in planting of maize by 2100 B.C. and building irrigation canal general, the impacts of cattle on this project have probably systems that date to as early as 1200 B.C. Pit houses in Wild been moderated by the broken terrain and steep slopes. Burro Canyon and bedrock mortars in Ruelas Canyon show Cattle-grazing intensity falls off quickly once slopes are that there was human use of the Tortolitas during the period greater than ten percent (Mueggler 1965). Shrubby of agricultural development in the Tucson Basin (Wallace globemallows ( Sphaeralcea ) are common on the steeper 2008). slopes of the Tortolitas, almost completely absent from the gentle slopes of the alluvial flats, and then abundant along By the Sedentary Period (A.D. 950–1150) of the Hohokam the rights of way of nearby roads where cattle are excluded Sequence, population density was increasing throughout the by fencing. Much of this project was on slopes of ten Tucson Basin. Settlements and periodic-use sites began to be percent or more and not likely grazed by cattle to any great established farther from the Santa Cruz River, and an increase extent. in population occurred in the Tortolitas as well. By A.D. 1450, the Hohokam disappeared, leaving little in the archaeological Drought record until Father Kino came to the Tucson Basin in 1697 It is clear from looking at streamflows in the upper Gila (Wallace 2008). (Figure 4) that precipitation in southeast Arizona has been Between forty and fiy archaeological sites have been studied historically variable. Reconstructed streamflows for the in the area known as Dove Mountain. is tract of land sits at period 1332 to 2006 show this stretch of the Gila has seen the base of the Tortolitas and is adjacent to Tortolita flows as low as 49 million cubic meters. e highest Mountain Park, where much of the plant-specimens for this reconstructed streamflow was in 1849 at 1,775 million project were collected. ese sites were used in a number of cubic meters. e average flow in this period was 419 different ways. Some likely provided permanent or, at least million cubic meters. According to the Arizona Climate longer-term, habitation; others were more likely inhabited Office, 2016 is the twenty-first year of the state’s current seasonally or intermittently. ere is no clear evidence that drought. e long-term effects of this shortage are visible in any agriculture occurred here. Cactus fruit from prickly pear the Tortilitas ( azclimate.asu.edu/drought ). e average (Opuntia ) and cholla ( Cylindropuntia ) were probably rainfall in the recent drought has been about three collected and eaten. Cultigens of maize, beans, and squash centimeters per year less than average, a seemingly small were used but do not appear to have been grown there with difference that nonetheless has had noticeable effects on the any regularity. On the western side of the mountains, in the project area. alluvium nearer the Santa Cruz River, agave was cultivated. Fremont Cottonwoods ( Populus fremontii ) occur only in European Settlement scattered patches of the largest drainages of the project area. is species is mostly represented by older trees, and these Commencing in the mid 16 th Century, European settlement are suffering from lack of water (Figure 6). ere are two in southern Arizona marked the beginning of many new species of willow in the project area, Salix gooddingii and S. human-related impacts on the native flora. e naming of the exigua . Neither species is represented by larger or older the Tortilita Mountains (Spanish for the Common Ground trees. In fact, only two individuals of S. exigua were located Dove) is obscure. during the study. Willows are somewhat more common than cottonwoods and are confined to the largest washes. continued next page 8 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 Figure 6 A large Fremont Cottonwood ( Populus fremontii ) in Wild Burro Canyon shows drought damage in the distal branches and in structural weakness that caused the left trunk to collapse.

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In May 2013 two soapberry trees ( Sapindus saponaria ) in juniper ( Juniperus coahuilensis ) grow on rocky hillsides at eastern Wild Burro Canyon were found dead within a year altitudes above a thousand meters and exhibit fewer signs of of their discovery. ese were small plants, two to three stress in these drier environments. Desert-adapted trees like meters tall, and about three centimeters in diameter at breast mesquite ( Prosopis velutina ), palo verde ( Parkinsonia florida height. No other trees of this species have been located. and P. microphylla ), and ironwood ( Olneya tesota ) seem to Other riparian tree species found were Arizona ash have suffered in seedling recruitment. Older established (Fraxinus velutina ) and netleaf hackberry ( Celtis reticulata ). trees appear to be reasonably healthy, but young trees are e Arizona ash was found only in the bottom of Derrio scarce. Canyon where it falls within the northwestern-most BLM Introduced Species parcel in the project. ese trees appeared healthy but were never observed in bloom, and both were only about two Twenty-two of the species found in the Tortolita flora are meters tall with multiple trunks. e netleaf hackberry introduced. Ten of the introduced species have a potential seems to have suffered much more with the drought. Some for high environmental impacts, at least locally. Nine of the of these plants are in the bottom of Wild Burro Canyon ten potentially high-impact species are grasses, of which about 450 meters south of the Pima-Pinal County line. A Lehmann’s lovegrass ( Eragrostis lehmanniana ) and Weeping number of these trees are well-established older trees and lovegrass ( E. curvula ) are already well established. many have died within the last few years. Lehmann’s lovegrass can be found throughout the project, and Weeping lovegrass is found near wash bottoms and on Tree species that are less riparian-obligate seem to be faring better. Desert scrub oak ( Quercus turbinella ) and redberry continued next page

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 9 Who’s Who at AZNPS A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued BOARD OF DIRECTORS Anthony Baniaga steep slopes near the bottom of ravines. Weeping lovegrass Director, Tucson Chapter President grows well in the preferred habitats of the big bunch grasses [email protected] in the genus Sporobolus. Cass Blodgett ree other perennial grasses that may be able to cause Director at Large, Phoenix Chapter heavy environmental impacts are Natal grass ( Melinis [email protected] repens ), buffelgrass ( Pennisetum ciliare ), and fountain grass (P. setaceum ). Natal grass, which may occur in scattered Wendy Hodgson clumps for years in dry periods, can become deeply Director; Education & Outreach Committee Chair established with any increase in precipitation. Natal grass is [email protected] not well established in the Tortolitas, but plants can be found Diane Kelly in habitat that could quickly become ideal if the drought State Treasurer were to end. Scattered clumps of fountain grass could also [email protected] become more widespread with an end in drought conditions, but its ability to colonize seems to be more Ries Lindley limited than that of Natal grass. Bermuda grass ( Cynodon Director; State Secretary; Co-Editor, e Plant Press dactylon ) is found in about the same places as cottonwoods [email protected] and willows. Because it needs higher soil moisture than Valerie Morrill desert plants, it is highly localized to areas with higher and Director, Yuma Chapter President longer-term soil moisture; when these conditions are met it [email protected] easily crowds out competing natives. ese wet areas are Kirstin Olmon Phillips important to the diversity of the flora in the project area, and Director, Flagstaff Chapter competing invasives serve only to limit the number of native [email protected] species that could otherwise survive. Mike Plagens Other than Lehmann’s lovegrass, the greatest threat from an Director, Phoenix Chapter President invasive perennial grass in the project area is buffelgrass. [email protected] is grass is becoming established in the low deserts of the western project area, and it is also in isolated patches in the Doug Ripley higher grasslands. With or without a cessation of drought, President, Co-Editor, e Plant Press this grass will out-compete native grasses in the long term. [email protected] Buffelgrass has effectively displaced native grasses along the Andrew Salywom south-facing slopes of the front range in the Santa Catalina Director at Large Mountains to the east, an area very similar to the higher [email protected] semidesert grasslands of the Tortolitas. John Scheuring Buffelgrass creates its own environment through fire. Plants Director at Large; Conservation Committee Chair are more closely spaced than native grasses, and the fuel load [email protected] in each bunch is much greater as well. Buffelgrass fires burn Sue Smith at much higher temperatures than native grass fires, and Director, Prescott Chapter President these higher temperatures kill native perennials, including [email protected] woody plants, leaving open space for buffelgrass with the next warm-weather rain. AZNPS COLLABORATORS e remaining high-impact potential resides with various Cass Blodgett Patricia Sanchez annual grasses and one member of the Mustard Family Web Editor Administrative Assistant (Brassicaceae), London rocket ( Sisymbium irio ). London [email protected] [email protected] rocket is a localized problem for native annuals. It grows in the late winter and early spring in the protection of native Shelley Silva Julie St. John shrubs in areas with low slope. Although its area of impact is Happenings Editor e Plant Press small, its effect in its particular microenvironment is great [email protected] Layout Editor because of its success there. Mouse barley ( Hordeum [email protected] continued next page

10 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 Figure 7 Bonker hedgehog; the left photo shows the form with short central spines. This form predominates at higher altitudes. The photo on the right is of the form with longer central spines, which is more common at lower elevations. This same elevational pattern is seen in the Santa Catalina Mountains to the east of the flora project. Note that both plants have about twenty ribs per stem.

A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued murinum ) behaves in much the same way. Red brome Some species of the flora, desert scrub oak ( Quercus (Bromus rubens ) is well established in the project area, and turbinella ) and redberry juniper ( Juniperus coahuilensis ), are its dense stands in early winter replace native annuals. Its isolated on the “island” of the mountains. Others, plants that distribution is somewhat more general than that of mouse inhabit both the mountains and the valleys, change on an barley or London rocket, and like other invasives, it has a east-west trajectory as well as with elevation. Bonker high impact in its own niche. hedgehog ( Echinocereus bonkerae ) occurs in central Arizona below the Mogollon Rim and reaches its southern limit in So feather pappus grass ( Enneapogon cenchroides ) is the Santa Catalina range (Figure 7). e plants that occur in probably new to the Tortolita Mountains. e first the highest elevations of the Santa Catalinas have areoles collections in Arizona were in the Santa Catalina Mountains with short central spines and stems with about twenty ribs. in 1976. Today it has colonized the elevations of the As this species approaches lower elevations, the central Catalinas below 1500 meters (4900 feet) in dense stands. e spines increase in length and the ribs are sometimes reduced same potential exists in the Tortolitas. is grass now grows in number, meaning the species slowly becomes more like there in small, loose patches that, given time, may spread Echinocereus fasciculatus , an inhabitant of the lower deserts. much the same as this species did in similar environments of is same elevational cline may be seen in the eastern half of the lower Catalinas. the Tortolitas except in reverse. Along the same east-to-west Some Species Population Trends trajectory, Bonker hedgehog characteristics begin to appear with increased elevation and then fade away again beyond e foot of the Tortolitas on the east side is as much as 300 the crest of the Tortolitas. meters (985 feet) higher than the west foot. In terms of vegetation, this makes the eastern Tortolitas very similar to Although the flora project area is well within the range of parts of the western Santa Catalinas, and the western portion cane cholla ( Cylindropuntia spinosior ), this species is of the Tortolitas more related to the Ironwood Forest represented by a scattering of individuals on the eastern side National Monument on the west and the Tucson Mountains and is almost absent on the west side in the lower deserts. A to the south. e semidesert grasslands to the east have similar species limitation is noticeable in staghorn cholla ( C. some kinship with the high Chihuahuan Desert ( Yucca elata versicolor ). Staghorn cholla is common in the semidesert for example), and to the west at lower elevations with grasslands of the east project and mostly absent in the west. Sonoran desertscrub. continued next page

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 11 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued

Conversely, buckhorn cholla ( C. acanthocarpa ) is present in a herd of wild horses, and these animals are more mobile on the west of the project and mostly absent in the east. somewhat steeper slopes. Of the unmaintained roads through the project, some are used by all-terrain vehicles or Threats other types of off-road motorized vehicles. Damage done by e Tortolitas are part Sonoran desertscrub and part these vehicles is mostly confined to the road, but plants are semidesert grassland. ese naturally dry habitats suffer with vandalized and washouts occur resulting in headcuts that drought just as those with a better supply of water do. e propagate upstream (Figure 8). large tree species like cottonwoods and willows are Much of the land surrounding the project area is either dependent on water retained in the soil through most or all privately owned or State land, which can be sold at auction of the dry months. In the big washes, where these trees are for further development. Homebuilding is encroaching on found, there are a number of bedrock outcrops that hold the south side of the mountains, and may continue because groundwater near the surface where these trees can use it. both the southern, and some of the western, mountains are Water perched or moving downward on shallow bedrock is in the water service area of the towns of Marana or Oro very responsive to drought and precipitation both, and no Valley. e northern and eastern portions of the mountains doubt, these areas are not holding water long enough during are not in a water provider’s service area, and the lack of easy the drought to sustain the large riparian tree species. With access to a reliable water source may offer some protection to no young or middle-aged trees to recruit from, it is not clear the mountains from development. how these trees will replace themselves if the older trees are gone. Comparison with the Tucson and Santa Catalina Mountains e mountains enjoy some protection from human impacts, in part because there are so few roads, and of the existing For a comparison of the Tortolita flora and nearby roads, few are paved. Trails allow hikers, mountain bikers, mountains, plant lists were made using the “map search” and horseback riders deep into the project area, but there is function in SEINet. e polygon drawing tool was used to little mechanized traffic into the mountains, except in private create an outline approximating the base of the mountains neighborhoods on the south slopes. Cattle tend to graze only for both the Tucson Mountains and the Santa Catalinas. e on the gentle slopes of the Tortolitas, leaving much of the resulting map searches were then culled for duplicates, steeper slopes in more pristine condition. ere is, however, continued page 14

Figure 8 The saguaro on the left was knocked down by a motor vehicle within the Tortolita Mountain Park boundaries. In the photo on the right, wild horses graze on more rugged slopes than those frequented by cattle.

12 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 SPoTLIGhT oN A NATIve PLANT by Bob Herrmann, Arizona Native Plant Society, Cochise Chapter Pinkthroat or Longleaf Morning-glory (Ipomoea longifolia )

e Pinkthroat, or Longleaf morning-glory, will certainly illustrated here was photographed in mid-July in the catch the eye of an Arizona plant photographer. At first Dragoon Mountains of Cochise County, growing in glance, just the size of the flower will raise your rocky soil at approximately 5,000 feet elevation. eyebrows. eir white funnel-like flowers are around 3 A member of the Morning-glory Family inches wide and 5 inches long and have a pink to (Convolvulaceae), I. longifolia grows from a purple throat. e linear leaves are alternate large root and can be found flowering from but arise in pairs from the same node and June through August at 3,200 to 6,000 feet can grow to around 5 inches in length. in the desert grasslands and oak is species doesn’t climb like many woodlands of southern to southeastern other morning-glories. Instead, the Arizona. Its range extends into thick stems hug the ground and rocky northern Sonora, Mexico. e species surfaces, growing to 10 or 15 feet in was described by the famous English length. botanist George Bentham (1800-1884). Although most morning glories flower in e genus Ipomoea was described by the early morning and fade by mid-day Linnaeus, with the name derived from the (hence their common name), a few species Greek: ipos (worm) and homoios (like, such as the Pinkthroat can be photographed at referring to its twining habit). night as they produce nocturnal flowers and are Ipomoea longifolia is a strikingly beautiful plant with a pollinated by moths. is was discovered and relatively limited distribution. Indeed, it has been documented by the late, eminent botanist and morning- designated as a state-listed rare plant (S2 state glory student Dr. Daniel Austin (1986), a long-time conservation status) and a U.S. Forest Service species of member of the Arizona Native Plant Society. Fortunately, concern. some of the flowers will remain open during the day for the benefit of folks who don’t wander around in the a desert grasslands and oak foothills at night. Ipomoea Reference longifolia is a perennial, but like most Arizona desert plants, it has better-than-average blooming years Austin, Daniel F. 1986. Moth pollinated Ipomoea longifolia depending largely on summer rainfall. e plant (Convolvulaceae). Desert Plants 8(1), University of Arizona, Tucson.

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 13 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued

illegitimate names, synonyms, etc. e end result was a plant Muhlenbergia emersleyi, and Morus microphylla , which are list of 1,339 species rank plants in the Santa Catalinas and thinly scattered in pockets of the Tortolitas, are abundant in 573 in the Tucsons. e list used for the Tortolitas was the the Santa Catalinas where slopes of the same altitude are 334 species within the project area. common. Elevation and rainfall may also account for most of the botanical differences between the Tortolitas and the Looking at the number of species in the other ranges Tucsons. compared with those of the Tortolita Mountains, it seems most of the difference is a matter of botanical effort. e Because the Santa Catalinas and the Tucsons are much better Tortolitas have not been well-collected compared with either documented botanically, there are many species found in the Tucson Mountains or the Santa Catalinas. Both the those ranges that do not occur in the Tortolitas. No amount Tucsons and the Santa Catalinas are crossed by paved roads, of collection effort in the Tortolitas will ever match the list of other maintained roads, and trails with multiple trailhead the Santa Catalinas. Setting aside exotics and cultivated access. Both of these ranges butt up against the urban area plants that appear in the Tucson Mountains, the plants and attract many hikers, botanists included. e Tortolita found there would make a reasonable list of what to expect Mountains have a more limited array of access points, and from future collection efforts in the Tortolitas. e elevation until the construction of Dove Mountain at the south edge of overlap for these two ranges is almost complete, the geology the range, the Tortolitas were more remote from the urban is different but has resulted in similar opportunities for area than the other ranges. In addition, the Santa Catalinas plants, the ranges are near each other, and the ranges are rise to much higher altitudes and thus benefit from more similar in size. rainfall. A Look to the Future Plant lists were compared for the purpose of finding any During that period of geologic time when the Tortolitas were possible species unique to the Tortolitas. Comparing the being separated from the Santa Catalinas, the two ranges Tortolitas and the Santa Catalinas, there were eleven species never became distantly isolated from each other. Plants of in the Tortolitas that may not exist in the Santa Catalinas. the Santa Catalina Mountains continued to survive in the Most of those occur in the Tucson Mountains, because they Tortolitas, and those species of flora and fauna that didn’t are plants of lower and drier climes. e second comparison concerned the Tortolitas and the Tucsons. Between these continued next page two ranges, 54 species were unique to the Tortolitas. All but two of those can be found in the Santa Catalinas. ose two species seem to be truly confined to the Tortolitas; they are Bouteloua parryi (Parry’s grama) and Centrostegia thurberi (red triangles). e Tortolitas are the southeastern limit of the range for red triangles and the northwestern limit of the range for Parry’s grama. e Tortolitas are an extension of the Santa Catalinas botanically, just as they are geologically. ere are similarities in the rocks and soils, and there is overlap in the elevations of the two. e remnants of higher elevation plants scattered on the taller peaks of the Tortolitas may be found in greater abundance on the slopes of its eastern neighbor. Plants like Fendlera rupicola, Figure 9 Wildlife corridors from Beier et al. (2006). The project lands are shown in yellow and the corridors in green.of the sixteen linkages examined in Beier’s study, “the Tucson- Tortolita-Santa Catalina linkage is the most compromised.” Although the Tortolitas retain most of their value as habitat, their overall value in supporting a landscape-scale ecology is reduced by threats to the value of their wildlife linkages.

14 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 A Flora of the Tortolita Mountains continued need the higher elevations of the sister range next door species of the region (Figure 9) as noted by Beier et al. continued to survive. e physical distance to the Tucson (2006): Mountains was not that great either. ose distances have Habitat loss and fragmentation are the leading threats to not changed, but the recent history of the region has brought biodiversity, both globally and in Arizona. These threats can barriers to the movement of animal species among these be mitigated by conserving well-connected networks of large mountain ranges. wildland areas where natural ecological and evolutionary Time has brought many changes to this region, some of processes operate over large spatial and temporal scales. them cyclical, like the comings and goings of the ice sheets Large wildland blocks connected by corridors can maintain and the attendant changes in vegetation. In that snapshot of top-down regulation by large predators, natural patterns of time that comprises the current millennium, the changes gene flow, pollination, dispersal, energy flow, nutrient that affect the Tortolitas are not so much changes to the cycling, inter-specific competition, and mutualism. Corridors mountains themselves but the changes to their humanly allow ecosystems to recover from natural disturbances such habitable surroundings. e encroachment of civilization as fire or flood, and to respond to human-caused disturbance has brought human habitation to the valleys that intervenes such as climate change and invasions by exotic species. between the Tortolitas and their neighbors, the Santa To preserve the value of the Tortolitas as a part of natural Catalinas to the east and and the Tucsons to the south. For wildlife linkages, local, regional, and state government wild animals, a road, a railroad, or a canal is as much a agencies have devoted some planning and construction to barrier as a wall, and the wider the road the greater the providing artificial wildlife linkages among these mountain barrier. ranges. Two structures, a wildlife bridge and an underpass, e Tortolitas not only serve as a patch of habitat for have been built across State Route 77, creating a link common species of plants and animals but also as an between the Tortolitas and the Santa Catalinas. Proposed important waystation for the movement of important animal crossings for the Tucson Mountains-Tortolita Mountains link have not yet been built. a

The Plant List

Families: 61 italicized . The notation “native” means Thurber’s desert honeysuckle, chuparosa, cola de gallo. Genera: 229 the plant is a native of the lower forty- Uncommon in eight states and “introduced” means washes, mostly in semidesert Species: 334 (species rank) the plant is not thought to be native . grassland, native; 228. Total Taxa: 339 (including subsp. and The Plants Database of the United Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray – var.) States Department of Agriculture was Arizona carlowrightia, Arizona used to determine the native status of Introduced: 22 (species rank) wrightwort, lemilla, rama toro, plants on the list . ramoneada flor blanco. Uncommon, Specimens collected for this flora were Species that appear on the Protected maybe rare in project, plants are deposited in four herbaria: ARIZ, the Plant List of Arizona are listed as one or difficult to detect, native; 237. SeINet University of Arizona herbarium; ASU, more of four designations . In order of observation, not collected due to the Arizona State University vascular priorities they are: highly safeguarded, relative rarity . Plant herbarium; DeS, the Desert threatened or in danger of extinction; Botanical Garden herbarium; and SDSU, Justicia californica (Benth .) D . Gibson – salvage restricted, subject to damage the San Diego State University beloperone, hummingbird bush, and vandalism; salvage assessed, herbarium. chuparosa. Uncommon in Sonoran valuable enough to support salvage; or Desert scrub, native; 407. The collection numbers in this list are harvest restricted, subject to over- those of the author unless otherwise harvesting due to commercial value. Justicia longii hilsenb . – longflower noted . The specimens are deposited at tubetongue, siphonoglossa . the University of Arizona herbarium ACANTHACEAE Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, (ARIZ) . Common names are from SeINet. Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr .) A . Gray – native; 657. The Spanish common names are buckbrush, desert honeysuckle,

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 15 The Plant List AIZOACEAE weed, seedticks, wild carrot, zanahoria Adenophyllum porophylloides (A . Gray) Trianthema portulacastrum L. – desert cimarrona, zanahoria silvestre. Strother – San Felipe dogweed, San horse-purslane, verdolaga blanca, Common in washes, native; 743. Felipe dyssodia. Common throughout the project, native; 206. verdolaga de cochi. Uncommon, native; APOCYNACEAE 603 . Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav .) W .W. Metastelma arizonicum . A Gray – Payne – ambrosia bursage, big bursage, AMARANTHACEAE Arizona swallowwort. Uncommon in canyon ragweed, chicura. Common in Amaranthus fimbriatus (Torr .) Benth . Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 447. washes throughout the project, native; ex S . Wats . – blite, fringed amaranth, Sarcostemma cynanchoides Dcne . – 460. bledo, fringed pigweed, pigweed, fringed twinevine. Uncommon in Ambrosia confertiflora Dc . – ragweed, quelite. Uncommon in low-slope areas, semidesert grassland washes, native; slimleaf bursage, slimleaf ragweed, . . native; 272 230 estafiate, istafiate. Common summer Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats . – careless ARISTOLOCHIACEAE composite, native; 511. weed, Palmer amaranth, pigweed, Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr .) W .W. Payne – bledo, cuhugia, quelite. Aristolochia watsonii Woot . & Standl . – Uncommon in triangle burr ragweed, triangle-leaf alluvial flats, native; 534 . birthwort, Indian root, snakeroot, Southwestern pipevine, dutchman’s bursage, ambrosia, chamizo forrajero, Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt . – pipe, guaco, hierba del indio. chicurilla, estafiate. Common in Sonoran fourwing saltbush . Uncommon in Uncommon, native; 624. Desert scrub, native; 402. . Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 498 Ambrosia monogyra (Torr . & A . Gray) ASPARAGACEAE Atriplex elegans (Moq .) D . Dietr . – Strother & B .G. Baldwin – burrobrush, wheelscale saltbush, chamizo ceniz. Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats . – desert cheeseweed burrobrush, singlewhorl Rare in project area, Sonoran Desert spoon, sotol, cucharilla, palmilla de burrobrush, jécota, jejego, romerillo. scrub, native; 585 . serrucho, saño. Common in semidesert Uncommon in larger washes of lower grassland, native; 254. Chenopodium neomexicanum Standl. – elevations, native; 582. goosefoot, New Mexico goosefoot , Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth .) Ambrosia salsola (Torr . & A . Gray) chual. Uncommon in eastern project, Wood – blue dicks, desert hyacinth, Strother & B .G. Baldwin – burrobrush, native ; 648 . cobena, coveria. Common in late winter cheesebush, white burrobrush, jécota. and spring, native; 130. Froelichia arizonica Thornb . ex Standl . Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, – Arizona snakecotton, snakeweed. Nolina microcarpa S. Wats . – Bear abundant in flood-prone areas just west Rare in project area, semidesert Grass, beargrass, palmilla, sacahuista, of the project boundaries at the Lower grassland, native; 795. sotol chiquito, tuyá. Rare in project Cochie Canyon parcel, native; 728. area, semidesert grassland, salvage Tidestromia lanuginosa (Nutt .) Standl . Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt . – absinth, restricted, harvest restricted, native; – honeymat, honeysweet, woolly cudweed sagewort, gray sagewort, 790. tidestromia, espanta vaqueras, hierba Louisiana sagewort, mugwort ceniza, hierba lanuda. Uncommon in Yucca baccata Torr . – banana yucca, wormwood, prairie sage, silver sage, Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 274 . Spanish bayonet, dátil. Common above white sagebrush, wormseed, 1,200 meters, salvage restricted, wormwood, ajenjo, chamizo cenizo, ANACARDIACEAE harvest restricted, native; 66. chicurilla, estafiate. Common above 1,200 meters, native; 673 DeS. Rhus aromatica Ait . – fragrant sumac, Yucca elata (engelm .) engelm . – skunkbush, aigritas, limita. Rare to soaptree yucca, soapweed, cortadillo, Baccharis pteronioides Dc . – yerba de uncommon above 1,200 meters, palmilla, palmito, sota, soyate. pasmo . Rare in project area, semidesert native; 641. Common east of the Tortolita grassland, native; 698. , APIACEAE Mountains three varieties salvage Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav .) Pers . – restricted in Arizona, native; 783. mule’s fat, seepwillow, water wally, Bowlesia incana Ruiz & Pav . – batamote, hierba del pasmo, jarilla. Rare bowlesia, hairy bowlesia, hoary ASTERACEAE in Wild Burro Canyon, native; 635. bowlesia, miner’s lettuce. Common Acourtia wrightii (A . Gray) Reveal & Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray – broom winter/spring annual in shady patches, king – brownfoot, pink perezia, baccharis, desert broom, desertbroom, native; 147. Wright’s desertpeony. Uncommon in rosin bush, escoba amarga, hierba del Daucus pusillus Michx . – American wild washes of semidesert grassland, pasmo, romerillo. Common in flood- carrot, rattlesnake carrot, rattlesnake native; 218. prone areas, native; 519.

16 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 The Plant List Baileya multiradiata harvey & A . Gray Erigeron oreophilus Greenm . – chaparral Packera neomexicana (A . Gray) W .A. ex A . Gray – desert marigold, many- fleabane. Rare to uncommon in Weber & A . Löve – New Mexico flowered desert marigold, hierba semidesert grassland, native; 665. groundsel. Uncommon in semidesert amarilla. Common throughout the Gnaphalium palustre Nutt . – lowland grassland, native; 177. project, native; 162. cudweed, marsh everlasting, western Parthenice mollis A. Gray – annual Bebbia juncea (Benth .) Greene – marsh cudweed. Rare in project area, monsterwort. Uncommon in protected sweetbush, bebbia. Uncommon, native; 749. areas of semidesert grassland, native; mostly in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; Gutierrezia serotina Greene – 616. 249. snakeweed. Common in semidesert Pectis papposa var. papposa – Bidens leptocephala Sherff – fewflower grassland, native; 537. manybristle cinchweed. Uncommon in beggarticks, tickseed, saitilla. Heterotheca fulcrata (Greene) Shinners Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 281. Uncommon to rare in washes of – mountain camphorweed, rockyscree Porophyllum gracile Benth. – odora, semidesert grassland, native; 617. false goldenaster. Rare in eastern slender poreleaf, yerba de venado, Brickellia californica (Torr . & A . Gray) A . portion of project . 271 DeS. hierba del venado, siendre. Common in . Gray – brickellbush, false boneset, Hymenothrix wislizeni A. Gray – Trans- Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 207 hierba de la vaca, prodigiosa. Pecos thimblehead. Rare in eastern Pseudognaphalium canescens (DC .) Uncommon in washes of semidesert portion of project, native; 599. Anderb . – pearly everlasting, Wright’s grassland, native; 631. Hymenothrix wrightii A. Gray – Wright’s cudweed. Common in semidesert Brickellia coulteri A. Gray – Coulter thimblehead. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, native; 633. brickellbush, Coulter’s brickellbush. grassland, native; 666. Psilostrophe cooperi (A . Gray) Greene – Uncommon in washes of Sonoran paper daisy, paper flower. Uncommon Desert scrub, native; 217. Isocoma tenuisecta Greene – burrow goldenweed, burroweed. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, native; 233. . Cirsium neomexicanum A Gray – throughout the project area, native; 587. Rafinesquia neomexicana A. Gray – lavender thistle, New Mexico thistle, Koanophyllon solidaginifolium (A . Gray) desert chickory, New Mexico thistle, cardo santo. Common in plumeseed. Uncommon in semidesert semidesert grassland, native; 164. king & h .e. Robins . – boneset, shrubby thoroughwort. Rare in project, This grassland, native; 134. . – Dieteria asteroides Torr fall plant was locally common in a steep, Senecio flaccidus var . monoensis tansyaster, hoary aster, New Mexico rocky wash on BLM land in Pinal County, (Greene) B .L. Turner & T .M. Barkl . – tansy-aster, New Mexico tansyaster. native; 451. mono ragwort, sand wash groundsel. Rare to uncommon above 1,200 Rare in semidesert grassland, this plant meters, native; 612. Lactuca serriola L. – China lettuce, compass plant, prickly lettuce, wild is likely more common on the eastern Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr . – lettuce. Rare in project area, introduced; side of the mountains in the valley, brittlebush, goldenhills, hierba ceniza, 784 . native; 747. hierba de las ánimas, hierba del bazo, Lasthenia californica DC . ex Lindl . – Senecio lemmonii A. Gray – Lemmon incienso, palo blanco, rama blanca. groundsel, Lemmon’s ragwort. Abundant in semidesert grassland, California goldfields. Uncommon, native; 131. Common in semidesert grassland, native; 148. native; 169. Ericameria laricifolia (A . Gray) Shinners Layia glandulosa (hook .) hook . & Arn . – white tidytips, whitedaisy tidytips. Sonchus oleraceus L. – common cow – ericameria, turpentine bush. thistle, sowthistle, achicoria dulce, Abundant in semidesert grassland, Uncommon in the northeastern portion of project, native; 173. chinita, lechuguilla, muela de caballo. native; 421. Rare in project area, introduced; 780. Logfia arizonica (A . Gray) J . holub – Erigeron divergens Torr . & A . Gray – Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr .) A . desert fleabane, fleabane daisy, Arizona cottonrose, Arizona fluffweed. Common spring annual, native; 754 . Nels . – brownplume wirelettuce, desert spreading daisy. Uncommon, mostly in straw, fewflower wirelettuce. Common semidesert grassland, native; 172. Machaeranthera tagetina Greene – in semidesert grassland, native; 248. Erigeron neomexicanus A. Gray – New mesa tansyaster, flor de capita. Common on eastern side of Tortolitas, native; 268. Trixis californica kellogg – American Mexico fleabane, oakbelt daisy. threefold, hierba del aire, hierba del Uncommon, mostly in semidesert Malacothrix sonorae W.S. Davis & Raven pasmo, ruina, santa lucía . Uncommon grassland, native; 253 SeINet. – Sonoran desert dandelion. Rare in in semidesert grassland, native; 247. project area, semidesert grassland, native; 772.

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 17 The Plant List Uropappus lindleyi (DC .) Nutt . – Emmenanthe penduliflora Benth . – Brassica tournefortii Gouan – African Lindley’s silverpuffs. Uncommon in whispering bells, yellow whispering mustard, Asian mustard, Sahara semidesert grassland, native; 158. bells, campanita de suspiro. mustard, Tournefort’s birdrape, turnip Xanthisma gracile (Nutt .) D .R. Morgan & Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, weed, wild turnip, mostaza del desierto, R.L. hartm . – slender goldenweed, native; 826, SeINet observation . This mostaza del Sahara. Found near roads, tabacote. Uncommon in semidesert plant was not collected due to relative introduced; 416. grassland, native; 560. rarity in the project . Caulanthus lasiophyllus (hook . & Arn .) Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D .R. Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth .) Payson – California mustard, coast wild Morgan & R .L. hartman – cutleaf Greene – common eucrypta, spotted cabbage, hairyleaf wildcabbage. goldenweed, lacy tansyaster, spiny hideseed. Uncommon in Sonoran Uncommon throughout the project, goldenweed, spiny haplopappus. Desert scrub, native; 389. native; 145. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, Harpagonella palmeri A. Gray – Descurainia pinnata (Walt .) Britt . – native; 212. Palmer’s grapplinghook. Uncommon in green tansymustard, yellow pamita, pamitón. Zinnia acerosa (DC .) A . Gray – desert Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 737. tansymustard, zinnia, spinyleaf zinnia, hierba del burro. Pectocarya heterocarpa (I .M. Johnston) Uncommon, native; 439. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, I.M. Johnston – chuckwalla combseed. Draba cuneifolia var. integrifolia S. native; 386. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, Wats . – wedgeleaf draba. Uncommon native; 398. in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 722. BORAGINACEAE Pectocarya platycarpa (Munz & Erysimum capitatum (Dougl . ex hook .) Amsinckia menziesii . . . (Lehm ) A Nels & Johnston) Munz & Johnston – broad- Greene – coast wallflower, sanddune . . . – J F Macbr Menzies’ fiddleneck, wing comb-bur, broadfruit combseed, wallflower, western wallflower. Rare in smallflower fiddleneck. Common in broadnut combseed. Abundant in project area, semidesert grassland, Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 126. Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 128. native; 188. Amsinckia tessellata . A Gray – bristly Pectocarya recurvata I.M. Johnston – Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt . – hairypod fiddleneck, checker fiddleneck, western arched comb-bur, curvenut combseed, pepperweed, peppergrass, shaggyfruit fiddleneck. Uncommon in Sonoran recurve combseed. Abundant in pepperweed, cucharitas, lentejilla, Desert scrub, native; 409. Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 101. lipasote, pasote. Uncommon Cryptantha barbigera . (A Gray) Greene – Phacelia distans Benth . – caterpillar throughout the project, native; 752. bearded catseye, bearded cryptantha, phacelia, caterpillar weed, distant Lepidium virginicum L. – peppergrass, nievitas, peluda. narrowleaf, Abundant phacelia, distant scorpion-weed, wild poorman’s pepper, virginia in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 455. heliotrope. Common in semidesert pepperweed, virginian peppercress, Cryptantha micrantha (Torr .) I .M. grassland, native; 127. lentejilla. Uncommon throughout the Johnston – purple-rooted forget-me- Pholistoma auritum (Lindl .) Lilja – blue project, native; 150. not, redroot catseye, redroot fiesta-flower, desert fiestaflower. Sisymbrium irio L. – London rocket, nievitas, peluda. cryptantha, Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, rocket mustard, tumble mustard, Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 391. mostaza, pamita. Uncommon; found in native; 438. Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A . Gray) washes, introduced; 429. Cryptantha nevadensis . . A Nels & Greene ex A . Gray – Arizona popcorn Streptanthus carinatus C. Wright ex A . kennedy – Nevada catseye, Nevada flower, bloodweed, lipstick plant. Gray – lyreleaf jewelflower, silver bells. nievitas, cryptantha, wild forget-me-not, Uncommon throughout the project, Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, peluda. Uncommon, native; 744. native; 129. native; 734. Cryptantha nevadensis rigida . . var. I M Plagiobothrys pringlei Greene – Thysanocarpus curvipes hook . – Johnston – Nevada cryptantha. Pringle’s popcornflower. Uncommon in lacepod, lacepod mustard, sand Uncommon, native; 770. Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 399. fringepod, sand lacepod. Uncommon Cryptantha pterocarya var. cycloptera throughout the project, native; 118. (Greene) J .F. Macbr . – wingnut BRASSICACEAE cryptantha. Abundant in semidesert Arabis perennans S. Wats . – perennial CACTACEAE grassland, native; 415 SDSU. rockcress. Uncommon, native; 113. Carnegia gigantea (engelm .) Britt . & . Cryptantha pterocarya var. pterocarya – Boechera perennans (S . Wats .) W A. Rose – saguaro Common in Sonoran wingnut cryptantha. Uncommon, Weber – rock cress. Uncommon, native; Desert scrub, salvage restricted, native; 431 SDSU. 113. salvage assessed, native; 481.

18 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 The Plant List Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (engelm . Ferocactus wislizeni (engelm .) Britt . & rare in Sonoran Desert scrub, this & Bigelow) F . M. knuth – buckhorn Rose – Arizona barrel cactus, candy species appeared for the first time after cholla, choya, tasajo. Uncommon in barrelcactus, Fishhook Barrel, fishhook good winter rains which began in Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage barrel cactus, biznaga de agua, viznaga December, native; 730. restricted, native; 222 . hembra. Common below 1,200 meters, COMMELINACEAE Cylindropuntia bigelovii (engelm .) salvage restricted, native; 209. Tradescantia occidentalis . knuth – teddybear cholla. Uncommon Mammillaria grahamii engelm . – (Britt ) Smyth in Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage Graham pincushion cactus, Graham’s – prairie spiderwort, western restricted, native. This plant was not nipple cactus, cabeza de viejo, choyita. spiderwort. Rare in project area, collected. Locally common in patches throughout semidesert grassland, only one plant found in a wash bottom, native; 531. Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida the project, salvage restricted, native; (engelm.) F.M. knuth – jumping cholla, 514. CONVOLVULACEAE chain-fruit cholla, club cactus, Opuntia chlorotica engelm . & Bigelow Cuscuta indecora Choisy – bigseed brincadora, choya. Common in – dollarjoint pricklypear, pancake alfalfa dodder, large-seed dodder, pretty Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage pricklypear. Uncommon above 1,200 dodder. Common in semidesert restricted, native; 283. meters, salvage restricted, native; 490. grassland, native; 701. Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck – Evolvulus alsinoides (L .) L . – blue-eyes, (Schott) Backeb . – jumping cholla, engelmann prickly pear, abrojo, slender dwarf morningglory, fulgencia, chain-fruit cholla, club cactus, joconostle, nopal, vela de coyote. ojo de víbora, oreja de ratón. Uncommon brincadora, choya. Uncommon in Uncommon throughout the project, in washes and protected areas, native; Sonoran Desert Scrub or on rocky salvage restricted, native; 200. 522. slopes, salvage restricted, native; 805. Opuntia phaeacantha engelm . – Evolvulus arizonicus A. Gray – Arizona Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC .) knuth brownspine pricklypear, tulip blue-eyes, hairy evolvulus, wild dwarf – Christmas cholla, desert Christmas pricklypear, nopal. Uncommon morningglory, oreja de ratón. cactus, alfilerillo, catalinaria, tasajillo. throughout the project, salvage Uncommon, native; 564. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, restricted, native; 221. Ipomoea barbatisepala A. Gray canyon salvage restricted, native; 485. – CANNABACEAE morning-glory, gloria de la mañana. Cylindropuntia spinosior (engelm .) Celtis pallida . – Uncommon in semidesert grassland, knuth – cane cholla, spiny cholla, Torr desert hackberry, acebuche, bainoro, capul, cumbro, native; 593. walkingstick cactus. Uncommon at the garabato, garambullo, granjeno, Ipomoea costellata Torr . crestrib eastern edge of the project, salvage – huasteco, palo de guila, rompecapa, morning-glory, trompillo. Uncommon in restricted, native; 251. vaino blanco. Uncommon in washes washes of semidesert grassland, native; Cylindropuntia versicolor (engelm . ex throughout the project, native; 279 643. J. M. Coult .) knuth – staghorn cholla. DeS. Ipomoea cristulata hallier f . scarlet Common throughout the project, – Celtis reticulata . creeper, scarlet morning-glory, salvage restricted, native; 194. Torr – canyon hackberry, netleaf hackberry; combro, Transpecos morning-glory, trompillo. Echinocereus bonkerae Thornb . & cumaro, cumbro, garabato blanco. Uncommon in washes of semidesert Bonker – Bonker hedgehog cactus, Uncommon to rare, occurs in Wild grassland, native; 592. pinkflower hedgehog cactus. Common Burro Canyon, native; 489. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq . ivy-leaf in semidesert grassland, salvage – morning-glory, Mexican morning-glory, restricted (as Echinocereus fasciculatus CARYOPHYLLACEAE flor de verano, manto de la virgen, (engelm . ex B . D. Jackson) L . Benson Herniaria cinerea DC . – hairy trompillo morado. Uncommon in washes var . bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) L . rupturewort. Most likely rare in project, of semidesert grassland, introduced; Benson), native; 165. introduced; Michael Chamberland 591. Echinocereus fasciculatus (engelm . ex 1809. Ipomoea ternifolia var. leptotoma (Torr .) B.D. Jackson) L . Benson – pinkflower Loeflingia squarrosa Nutt . – California J.A. McDonald morning glory, tripleleaf hedgehog cactus, robust hedgehog, – loeflingia, spreading pygmyleaf. Rare in morning-glory, bejuquillo, trompillo. strawberry hedgehog, pitahayita. project area, semidesert grassland, Uncommon in washes of semidesert Common on western edge of project native; Michael Chamberland 1808. grassland, native; 551. area, salvage restricted, native; 195. Silene antirrhina L. – catchfly, sleepy catchfly, sleepy silene. Uncommon to

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 19 The Plant List CROSSOSOMATACEAE Chamaesyce micromera (Boiss . ex wait-a-minute bush, algarroba, gatuño, . . . palo chino, tepame, tésota, uña de gato. Crossosoma bigelovii S. Wats . – ragged engelm ) Woot & Standl – desert rock-flower, rhyolite bush. Uncommon spurge, Sonoran sandmat. Uncommon Abundant throughout washes in the in semidesert grassland, native; 107. in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 282 project, native; 214. ASU. Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl . ex CUCURBITACEAE Euphorbia albomarginata Torr . & A . hook . – freckled milkvetch, specklepod Echinopepon wrightii (A . Gray) S . Wats . Gray – rattlesnake weed, spurge, white- milkvetch, tronador. Uncommon – wild balsam-apple. Uncommon, only margin sandmat, whitemargin throughout the project, native; 159. found in large wash bottoms of eupatorium, whitemargin euphorbia, Calliandra eriophylla Benth . – fairy semidesert grassland, native; 695. whitemargin spurge, golondrina. duster, false mesquite, cabeza de Marah gilensis Greene – bigroot, Gila Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, ángel, cosahui, huajillo, mezquitillo, manroot, wild cucumber. Uncommon, native; 751. pelo de ángel. Common throughout the found only in large wash bottoms of Euphorbia capitellata engelm . – head project, native; 182. cuépari, golondrina. semidesert grassland, native; 111. sandmat, spurge, Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray – baby 803 SeINet. Specimen was lost by the CUPRESSACEAE bonnets, coursetia, chipile, chino, author . cousano, samo prieto, sámota. Juniperus coahuilensis (Martinez) Euphorbia eriantha Benth . – beetle Uncommon, mostly on southwest Gaussen ex R . P. Adams one-seeded – spurge, desert poinsettia, Mexican slopes in southern project area, native; juniper, redberry juniper, rose-fruited pointsetta, golondrina. Uncommon, 204. juniper, cedro, huata, táscale. native; 408. Uncommon above 1,200 meters, Dalea pringlei A. Gray – Pringle dalea, native; 123. Euphorbia melanadenia Torr . – red- Pringle’s prairie clover. Uncommon in gland spurge, squaw sandmat. semidesert grassland, native; 675. CYPERACEAE Abundant throughout the project, Galactia wrightii A. Gray – Wright’s Cyperus squarrosus L. – awned flat native; 154. milkpea. Rare in semidesert grassland . sedge, bearded flatsedge, bearded Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers . – thymeleaf native; 556. nutgrass, tulillo. Rare in project . Plants sandmat. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert Lotus humistratus Greene – foothill known from only one location, native; scrub, native; 590. deervetch, hill locust, maresfat. 290. Euphorbia setiloba engelm . ex Torr . – Common in Sonoran Desert scrub, EPHEDRACEAE bristle-lobed sandmat, fringed spurge, native; 735. Yuma sandmat, Yuma spurge, Ephedra aspera engelm . ex S . Wats . – Lotus rigidus (Benth .) Greene – deer golondrina. Uncommon throughout the mormon tea, rough jointfir. Common in vetch, desert rock pea, shrubby project, native; 586. Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 192. deervetch. Uncommon in semidesert Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr .) Müll . Arg . – grassland, native; 109. EUPHORBIACEAE sangre de cristo, sangre de limberbush, Lotus strigosus (Nutt .) Greene – Acalypha neomexicana Müll . Arg . – drago, sangregado, sangrengado, torote. Bishop’s lotus, strigose bird’s-foot New Mexico copperleaf, three-seeded Uncommon in washes of Sonoran trefoil. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert mercury, hierba de cancer. Rare in Desert scrub, native; 503. scrub, native; 736. project, semidesert grassland, native; Tragia nepetifolia Cav . – catnip 598. Lupinus concinnus J.G. Agardh – bajada noseburn. Uncommon throughout the lupine, elegant lupine, scarlet lupine, Argythamnia lanceolata (Benth .) Müll . project, native; 404. lupino, trébola. Uncommon in Arg. – lanceleaf ditaxis, narrowleaf semidesert grassland, native; 119. silverbush. Uncommon in Sonoran FABACEAE Desert scrub, native; 693. Acacia constricta Benth . – twinthorn Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth . – desert acacia, whitethorn acacia, chaparro lupine, Mojave lupine; altramuz, Argythamnia neomexicana Müll . Arg . – prieto, gigantillo, huizache, largoncillo, chicharito, lupino, trébola. Uncommon common silverbush, New Mexico vara prieta, vinorama. Rare in project in semidesert grassland, native; 163. ditaxis, New Mexico silverbush. area, semidesert grassland but Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, Marina parryi (Torr . & A . Gray) Barneby uncommon at lower elevations in the native; 584. – Parry dalea, Parry’s false prairie- valley east of the Tortolitas, native; 252. clover, Parry’s indigobush. Uncommon Chamaesyce florida (engelm .) Millsp . – Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia, in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 413. Chiricahua Mountain sandmat, spurge. – devilsclaw, gregg catclaw, texas catclaw, Rare in project, native; 259.

20 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 The Plant List Mimosa aculeaticarpa ortega – GERANIACEAE MALVACEAE catclaw mimosa, mimosa, wait-a- Erodium cicutarium (L .) L’hér . ex Ait . – Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq .) Garcke ex gatuño, uña de gato. minute bush, Rare alfilaree, alfilaria, California filaree, Britt . & Wilson – Indian mallow, in project area, native; 227. heron bill, redstem stork’s bill, aguja del pintapan. Uncommon in Sonoran Olneya tesota A. Gray – desert pastor, agujitas, alfilerilla, peine de Desert scrub, native; 454. comitín, palo de bruja. ironwood, ironwood, Uncommon in Sonoran Desert Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet – Indian hierro, palo fierro, tésota. Uncommon in scrub, introduced; 401. mallow, malva, pelotazo chico, rama Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage HYDRANGEACEAE escoba, tronadora. Common in washes assessed, harvest restricted in Arizona, of Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 470. native; 483. Fendlera rupicola A. Gray – cliff fendlerbush. Uncommon on east Abutilon parishii S. Wats . – Parish’s Parkinsonia florida (Benth . ex A . Gray) Indian mallow. Uncommon in S. Wats . – blue paloverde, palo verde portion of project above 1,200 meters, native; 191. semidesert grassland, G2, S2 azul. Common in low desert washes of Imperiled, U .S. sensitive plant ranking , Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage KRAMERIACEAE salvage restricted in Arizona , native; assessed in Arizona . native; 213. Krameria erecta Willd . ex J .A. Schultes – 707. . Parkinsonia microphylla Torr – foothill littleleaf ratany, range ratany, cósahui Abutilon parvulum A. Gray – dwarf palo verde, littleleaf palo verde, yellow del norte, guisapol colorado, tamichíl. abutilon, dwarf Indian mallow, small- paloverde, palo verde de hoja finite. Common throughout project, native; leaved abutilon. Uncommon in Common in Sonoran Desert scrub, 201. semidesert grasslands of eastern salvage assessed, native; 482. Tortolitas, native; 687. LAMIACEAE . Phaseolus acutifolius A Gray – tepary Ayenia filiformis S. Wats . – Trans-Pecos Hyptis emoryi Torr . – desert lavender, bean. Uncommon in semidesert ayenia. Rare in the project, native; 411 . grassland, native; 627. baibino, lavanda, salvia del desierto. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, Gossypium thurberi Todaro – Thurber Prosopis velutina Woot . – mesquite, native; 250. wild cotton, algodoncillo. Locally velvet mesquite, algarroba, chachaca, uncommon in major wash bottoms, Salvia columbariae Benth . – chia, mezquite amargo. Common in washes native; 692. below 1,200 meters, uncommon hisopo, romerillo, salvia. Common in throughout, salvage assessed, harvest semidesert grassland, native; 149 . Herissantia crispa (L .) Briz . – bladder mallow, pelotazo. Uncommon in restricted, native; 203. Stachys coccinea ortega – scarlet Sonoran Desert scrub of west Tortolita, betony, scarlet hedgenettle, Texas Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex hook . – native; 151. rosary bean, Texas snoutbean. betony, mirto. Rare in project area, Uncommon in large washes of semidesert grassland, native; 634. Hibiscus coulteri harvey ex A . Gray – semidesert grassland, native; 697. Coulter hibiscus, desert hibiscus, LILIACEAE desert rosemallow, hibisco, tulipán. Senna covesii (A . Gray) Irwin & Barneby Calochortus kennedyi Porter – desert Uncommon in semidesert grassland, Coves’ cassia, desert senna, rattlebox – mariposa lily, red mariposa lily, cobena mostly on south, native; 656. senna, daisillo, ejotillo, ojosón, amarilla. Uncommon in semidesert rosamaría. Uncommon in Sonoran Sida abutifolia P. Mill . – prostrate sida, grassland, native; 178. Desert scrub, native; 580. spreading fanpetals. Rare in project LOASACEAE area, semidesert grassland, FAGACEAE introduced; 608. Mentzelia albicaulis (Dougl . ex hook .) Quercus turbinella Greene – scrub oak, Dougl . ex Torr . & A . Gray – small- Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray – apricot Sonoran scrub oak, turbinella oak, flowered blazing star, white blazingstar, mallow, desert globemallow, sore-eye encinillo. Uncommon above 1,200 whitestem blazingstar, whitestem poppy, mal de ojo, malva. Locally meters in semidesert grassland, native; stickleaf, buena mujer, rama pegajosa. abundant in semidesert grassland 171. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, along trails and on steep hillsides, native; 758 . native; 226. FOUQUIERIACEAE Sphaeralcea ambigua var. rosacea Fouquieria splendens engelm . – MALPIGHIACEAE (Munz & Johnston) kearney – rose albarda, barda, ocotillo. Uncommon in Cottsia gracilis (A . Gray) W .R. Anderson – globemallow. Uncommon in both Sonoran Desert scrub, salvage slender janusia, fermina. Common in semidesert grassland and in Sonoran restricted, native; 193. Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 223 . Desert scrub, native; 793.

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 21 The Plant List Sphaeralcea laxa Woot . & Standl . – Uncommon in low-slope areas of semidesert grassland on the south caliche globemallow, mal de ojo. semidesert grassland, native; 275 DeS. face, native; 161. Uncommon throughout the project, Commicarpus scandens (L .) Standl . – Orobanche cooperi (A . Gray) heller – native; 176. climbing spiderling, climbing wartclub, Cooper’s broomrape, desert MARTYNIACEAE wishbone vine, miona, sonorita. broomrape, flor de tierra. Rare to Uncommon in semidesert grassland, uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, Proboscidea parviflora . . (Woot ) Woot & native; 232. one collection after a near-normal . , Standl – devil’s claw, unicorn plant winter rainy season, native; 731. cuernitos. Uncommon in semidesert Mirabilis laevis (Benth .) Curran. – grassland on east side of Tortolita desert wishbone bush. Uncommon PAPAVERACEAE throughout the project, native; 170. Mountain Park, native; 615. Eschscholzia californica subsp. Mirabilis linearis var. decipiens MONTIACEAE mexicana (Greene) C . Clark – California (Standl .) Welsh – broad-leaf four- poppy, Mexican gold poppy, amapola Calandrinia ciliata . . (Ruiz & Pav ) DC – o’clock. Uncommon in semidesert amarilla, amapolita del campo . desert rock purslane, redmaids. grassland , native; 605. Uncommon throughout the project, Uncommon on west side of Tortolitas in Mirabilis multiflora (Torr .) A . Gray – native; 106. Sonoran Desert, native; 425. Colorado four o’clock, desert four Platystemon californicus Benth . – Cistanthe monandra . (Nutt ) hershkovitz o’clock. Uncommon in semidesert California creamcups. Rare to – common pussypaws, sandcress. grassland, native; 486. uncommon in semidesert grassland, Common in low-lying areas of native; 185. semidesert grassland, native; 117. OLEACEAE Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd . – Fraxinus velutina var. glabrata PASSIFLORACEAE miner’s lettuce, miner’s lettuce, winter Lingelsh . Rare in major wash on BLM Passiflora mexicana Juss . – Mexican purslane, verdolaga de invierno. land at the northwest side of the passion flower, díctamo real, itamo Common in protected areas of Sonoran project, native; 494 . real, ojo de venado. Locally uncommon Desert scrub, native; 187. Menodora scabra A. Gray – broom in the mesquite bosques of Wild Burro menodora, bull balls, rough menodora, Canyon, native; 517. MORACEAE twinberry, twinfruit. Uncommon in PHYTOLACCACEAE Morus microphylla Buckl . – Texas Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 219. mulberry, mora. Rare in project above Rivina humilis L. – bloodberry, 1,300 meters, native; 426. ONAGRACEAE bloodberry rougeplant, baja tripa, Camissonia californica (Nutt . ex Torr . & colorines, coral, coralillo, hierba de la NYCTAGINACEAE A. Gray) Raven – California evening víbora. Locally uncommon in Wild Allionia incarnata L. – trailing allionia, primrose, California suncup. Burro Canyon, native; 639. trailing four-o’clock, trailing windmills, Uncommon in semidesert grassland, PLANTAGINACEAE guapile, hierba de la golpe, hierba de la native; 125. hormiga. Uncommon throughout Maurandya antirrhiniflora humb . & Camissonia chamaenerioides (A . Gray) project, native; 202. Bonpl . ex Willd . – blue snapdragon Raven – long-capsuled primrose, long vine, climbing snapdragon, roving Boerhavia coccinea P. Mill . – red capsule suncup, willow-herb primrose. sailor. Uncommon in semidesert spiderling, scarlet spiderling, juaninipili, Uncommon, native ; 198, SeINet. mocha. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, native; 669. Camissonia pallida (Abrams) Raven – grassland, native; 472. Penstemon parryi (A . Gray) A . Gray – pale-yellow suncup. Rare in the desert penstemon, Parry penstemon, Boerhavia intermedia M.e. Jones – five- project, native; 745. wing spiderling, Jones’s boerhavia, Parry’s beardtongue, alhelías del Oenothera albicaulis Pursh – halfshrub mochis. Common in low-lying areas of campo, jarritos, pichelitos, san josé de sundrop, prairie evening primrose, semidesert grassland, native; 561. la sierra, varita de san josé. Uncommon white-stem evening-primrose. below 1,200 meters, native; 146. Boerhavia spicata Choisy – creeping Uncommon in semidesert grassland, Penstemon subulatus M.e. Jones – spiderling, juanamipili, mochis. native; 785 . Uncommon in low-slope areas of hackberry beardtongue, little semidesert grassland, native; 544. OROBANCHACEAE beardtongue. Uncommon above 1,200 meters, native; 189. Boerhavia wrightii A. Gray – large-bract Castilleja exserta (heller) Chuang & spiderling, Wright’s boerhavia. heckard – Indian paintbrush, purple Plantago patagonica Jacq . – Pursh owl clover, escobita. Uncommon in plantain, woolly Indianwheat, woolly 22 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 The Plant List plantain, wooly, pastora. Uncommon in Bouteloua barbata var. barbata – six- mucronate sprangleltop. Common low-lying areas with little slope, native; weeks grama, navajita, navajita annual. spring and winter annual, native; 645. 186. Uncommon in washes of semidesert Disakisperma dubium (kunth) P .M. grassland, native; 276 ASU. POACEAE Peterson & N . Snow – green Bouteloua barbata var. rothrockii sprangletop, zacate gigante. Aristida adscensionis . L – sixweeks (vasey) Gould – Rothrock grama, Uncommon in semidesert grassland, threeawn, zacate cola de zorra, zacate navajita liebrero. Uncommon in native; 619 SeINet. de semilla, zacate tres barbas. Common semidesert grassland, native; 257 DeS. throughout the project, native; 210. Elymus elymoides subsp. elymoides – Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx .) Torr . – squirreltail. Uncommon throughout Aristida californica var. glabrata vasey sideoats grama, banderilla, grama, the project, native; 205. – Santa Rita threeawn. Rare to navajita banderilla. Uncommon above Enneapogon cenchroides (Licht .ex uncommon in semidesert grassland, 1,000 meters, native; 269 DeS. native; 256 DeS. Roem . & Schult .) C .e. hubb . – soft Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr .) Torr . – black feather pappusgrass. Uncommon in Aristida havardii vasey – havard grama ; navajita negra. Uncommon in semidesert grassland, introduced; 622. threeawn. Uncommon in semidesert semidesert grassland, native; 621. grassland, native; 649. Enneapogon desvauxii Desv . ex Beauv . Bouteloua hirsuta Lag . – hairy grama, – feather pappusgrass, spike Aristida purpurea var. nealleyi (vasey) navajita velluda, navajitas. Uncommon pappusgrass, zacate ladera, zacate Allred – blue threeawn, Nealley’s in semidesert grassland, native; 613. lobero. Uncommon in semidesert Threeawn, purple three-awn, grassland, native; 644. Reverchon threeawn, tres barbas, tres Bouteloua parryi (Fourn .) Griffiths – barbas purpura. Uncommon in Parry grama. Uncommon in semidesert Eragrostis cilianensis (All .) vign . ex semidesert grassland, native; 575. grassland, native; 628. Janchen – candy grass, lovegrass, Bouteloua repens (kunth) Scribn . & stinkgrass, amor seco, zacate apestoso, Aristida purpurea var. purpurea – Merr . – slender grama. Uncommon in zacate de aguas. Uncommon in purple threeawn, tres barbas purpura. semidesert grassland, introduced; 583. Rare to uncommon in semdesert semidesert grassland, native; 264 DeS. grassland, native; 646. Bromus rubens L. – foxtail brome, foxtail Eragrostis curvula (Schrad .) Nees – chess, red brome; bromo rojo. Common, weeping lovegrass, amor seco curvado, Aristida ternipes var. gentilis (henr .) especially in semidesert grassland as a zacate de amor llorón. Common in Allred – hook Threeawn, poverty three- winter annual, introduced; 135. semidesert grassland, introduced; 183 . awn, spidergrass, zacate araña de tres barbas. Uncommon in semidesert Chloris virgata Sw . – feather fingergrass, Eragrostis intermedia A.S. hitchc . – grassland, native; 231. feather windmill grass, showy chloris, plains lovegrass, zacate llanero, zacate cebadilla, cola de zorra, zacate lagunero, volador. Rare in project area, Aristida ternipes var. ternipes – spider zacate mota. Rare in project area, semidesert grassland, native; 711. grass, spidergrass, zacate araña. semidesert grassland, native . Not Common in semidesert grassland, Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees – collected; plant was long-dead and very native; 573. Lehmann lovegrass, zacate de amor weathered . lehman. Abundant in semidesert Avena fatua L. – flaxgrass, oatgrass, Cynodon dactylon (L .) Pers . – grassland, introduced; 436. wheat oats, wild oats, avena bermudagrass, devilgrass, grama-seda, cimarrona, avena loca, avena silvestre. Eragrostis pectinacea var. miserrima manienie, bermuda, pasto de bermuda, Rare in project, semidesert grassland, (Fourn .) J . Reeder – desert lovegrass. zacate inglés. Uncommon in bottoms of introduced; 781. Uncommon in major wash bottoms of large washes, introduced; 291. semidesert grassland, native; 289 DeS. Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag .) herter – Dasyochloa pulchella (kunth) Willd . ex cane beardgrass, cane bluestem, Heteropogon contortus (L .) Beauv . ex Rydb . – fluffgrass, low woollygrass, Palmer’s cane bluestem, pitted Roemer & J .A. Schultes – tanglehead, zacate borreguero. Uncommon in beardgrass, cola de coyote, popotillo zacate aceitillo, zacate colorado. semidesert grassland, native; 571. algodonero, zacate popotillo. Uncommon in washes, mostly in Uncommon in semidesert grassland, Digitaria californica (Benth .) henr . – semidesert grassland, native; 265. native; 549. Arizona cottontop, California cottontop, Hilaria belangeri (Steud .) Nash – curly zacate punta blanca. Uncommon in Bouteloua aristidoides (kunth) Griseb . mesquite, galleta, zacate chino. semidesert grassland, native; 267. – needle grama, six-weeks needle Uncommon, mostly on south face of grama, aceitilla, pasto de cabra, tochite. Dinebra panicea subsp. brachiata mountains where Sonoran Desert Abundant, especially in semidesert (Steud .) P .M. Peterson & N . Snow – red scrub gives way to semidesert grassland, native; 263 DeS. sprangletop, Mississippi sprangletop, grassland, native; 266. www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 23 The Plant List Hordeum murinum L. – bulbous barley, Poa bigelovii vasey & Scribn . – Bigelow POLEMONIACEAE mouse barley. Uncommon in semidesert bluegrass. Uncommon throughout the Eriastrum diffusum (A . Gray) Mason – grassland, introduced; 432. project, native; 137. miniature woollystar, miniature Hordeum vulgare L. – common barley, Schismus arabicus Nees – Arabian woolstar. Uncommon throughout the cebada. Rare, one plant collected on grass, Arabian schismus, camel grass. project, native; 180. eastern edge of project, introduced; 755. Locally common in low-lying areas Gilia stellata heller – star gilia. Lycurus setosus (Nutt .) C .G. Reeder – with little slope, introduced; 418. Uncommon throughout the project, wolftail, cola de zorra, zacate lobero. Schismus barbatus (Loefl . ex L .) native; 144. Rare, one plant collected on east side of Mediterranean grass. Probably locally Ipomopsis multiflora (Nutt .) v . Grant – project, native; 713. uncommon in low-lying areas with many flower gilia, many flowered Melinis repens (Willd .) Zizka – Natal ephemeral flows, introduced; 141. ipomopsis. Rare to uncommon in grass, rose Natal grass, espiga colorada, Setaria grisebachii Fourn . – Grisebach semidesert grassland, native; 663. zacate natal, zacate Rosado. Uncommon bristlegrass, cola de zorra. Uncommon Leptosiphon aureus (Nutt .) J .M. Porter in major washes of semidesert in semidesert grassland, native; 691. & L .A. Johnson – golden desert grassland, introduced; 629. Setaria leucopila (Scribn . & Merr .) k . trumpets, golden linanthus. Muhlenbergia emersleyi vasey – bull Schum . – streambed bristlegrass, Uncommon in eastern portion of the muhly, cola de ratón, cola de zorra, yellow bristlegrass, yellow foxtail, Tortolitas, native; 757. zacate de toro. zacate tempranero. Uncommon above 1,200 Uncommon grass, Phlox tenuifolia e. Nels . – Santa meters, native; 674. mostly in washes of semidesert Catalina phlox. Uncommon in Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC .) Trin . – grassland , native; 606. semidesert grassland, native; 225. little-seed muhly, liendrilla chica. Setaria macrostachya kunth – plains Uncommon above 1,200 meters, native; bristlegrass, zacate tempranero. Rare to POLYGONACEAE 773. uncommon in washes of semidesert Centrostegia thurberi A. Gray ex Benth . Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn . ex Beal – grassland, native; 618. – red triangles, spring flower. Rare in bush muhly, zacate aparejo. Common in Sporobolus contractus A.S. hitchc . – eastern portion of the Tortolitas, semidesert grassland, native; 288. spike dropseed, zacate alcalino native; 786. Chorizanthe brevicornu . Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth .) A .S. espigado, zacatón de arena. Locally Torr – brittle hitchc . – deer grass, deer muhly, common in sandy wash bottoms of spineflower, sagebrush chorizanthe. deergrass, zacate de venado. Rare to semidesert, native; 689. Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, uncommon in major washes of Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr .) A . Gray native; 450. semidesert grassland, native; 100. – sand dropseed, zacate de arena, Eriogonum abertianum Torr . – Abert zacate encubierto. Muhlenbergia rigida (kunth) Trin . – Locally uncommon buckwheat, skeleton weed. Common Metcalf muhly, purple muhly. Rare, one in major wash bottoms, native; 625. in semidesert grassland, native; 179. plant collected, native; 642. Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn . – Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth . – zacatón, Muhlenbergia tenuifolia (kunth) Trin . – giant sacaton, Rare in California buckwheat, eastern Mojave mesa muhly, Slender Muhly, slimflower semidesert grassland, native; 554. buckwheat, flat-top buckwheat, muhly, liendrilla. Uncommon above Tridens muticus (Torr .) Nash – slim Mojave buckwheat, yellow buckwheat, gordo lobo, maderista, valeriana. 1,200 meters, native; 270. tridens, tridente. Locally uncommon in Rare, Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 572. a single plant found on the south- Panicum hirticaule J. Presl – Mexican facing hills of the project, this plant is panicgrass, roughstalk witchgrass, Urochloa arizonica (Scribn . & Merr .) o . native to Arizona, but it may be woodland panic. Uncommon, native; Morrone & F . Zuloaga – Arizona introduced here, native; 779. 258. panicgrass, Arizona signalgrass. Locally Eriogonum polycladon Benth . – Pennisetum ciliare (L .) Link – common in washes of semidesert grassland, native; 309. skeleton weed, sorrel buckwheat. buffelgrass, zacate buffel. Rare to Uncommon in major wash bottoms, uncommon throughout the project, Vulpia octoflora (Walt .) Rydb . – eight- native; 284. introduced; 686 DeS. flower six-weeks grass, pullout grass, Eriogonum thurberi Torr . – skeleton Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk .) Chiov . – sixweeks fescue. Uncommon throughout the project, native; 114. weed, Thurber’s buckwheat. Rare to fountain grass, plumitas. Rare to uncommon in semidesert grassland, uncommon in semidesert grassland, native; 748. introduced; 553.

24 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 The Plant List Eriogonum wrightii Torr . ex Benth . – Uncommon in major washes, native; mistletoe. Common on junipers in bastardsage, shrubby buckwheat, 700. semidesert grassland, native; 442. Wright’s buckwheat. Uncommon in Delphinium scaposum Greene – Phoradendron serotinum subsp. semidesert grassland, native; 286. barestem larkspur, desert larkspur, tall tomentosum (DC .) kuijt – Cory’s Rumex hymenosepalus Torr . – canaigre, mountain larkspur, espuelita mistletoe, injerto, liga, seca palo, silmo, dock, wild rhubarb, caña agria, hierba cimarrona. Uncommon in semidesert toji. Uncommon on oaks in semidesert colorada, raiz del indio. Locally grassland, native; 175. grassland, native; 376. uncommon in sandy alluvial areas of semidesert grassland, native; 124. RHAMNACEAE SAPINDACEAE Ceanothus greggii A. Gray – desert Dodonaea viscosa (L .) Jacq . – Florida PORTULACACEAE ceanothus. Uncommon in semidesert hopbush, hopbush, hopseed bush, Portulaca suffrutescens engelm . – grassland, native; 112. alamillo, jarilla, saucillo, tarachico, tarachique. shrubby purslane. Rare to uncommon in Condalia warnockii M.C. Johnston – Uncommon in semidesert major washes of semidesert grassland, Warnock condalia, Warnock’s grassland in southeastern Tortolitas, native; 601. snakewood. Uncommon in semidesert native; 152. Portulaca umbraticola kunth – wing- grassland, native; 491 . Sapindus saponaria L. – western pod purslane. Rare in project area, Ziziphus obtusifolia (hook . ex Torr . & A . soapberry, wingleaf soapberry, abolillo, amole, amolillo, boliche, chirrión, semidesert grassland, native; 597. Gray) A . Gray – graythorn, gumdrop guayul, jaboncillo, mata muchacho, palo PTERIDACEAE tree, lotebush, abrojo, barchata, ciruela de monte, huichilame, jewedbad, jótoro. blanco. Possibly extirpated by drought, Astrolepis sinuata . . (Lag ex Sw ) Benham Uncommon, mostly in semidesert two small plants died within a year of & Windham – wavy cloakfern. grassland, native; 538. specimen collection, native; 255. Uncommon in the protection of rocks on steep slope, native; 434. RUBIACEAE SELAGINELLACEAE Cheilanthes lindheimeri hook . – fairy Galium stellatum kellogg – desert Selaginella arizonica Maxon – Arizona swords, Lindheimer lipfern, hierba de la bedstraw, starry bedstraw. Uncommon clubmoss, Arizona spikemoss, peña. Uncommon in steep rocky washes on steep rocky slopes throughout, siempreviva. Common on steep slopes and slopes, native; 372. native; 448. throughout, native; 102. Cheilanthes wrightii hook . – Wright’s SALICACEAE SIMMONDSIACEAE lipfern. Uncommon in the protection of Populus fremontii . . Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneid . – rocks on steep slope, native; 392 DeS. S Wats – Fremont cottonwood, álamo. Rare, only a few in coffee berry, goat nut, wild hazel, Cheilanthes yavapensis Reeves ex major washes, these plants appear to jojoba, Uncommon in southeastern Windham – graceful lipfern, helecho. be dying, probably due to long-term Tortolitas, native; 155. Uncommon on rocky slopes in drought, native; 515. SOLANACEAE semidesert grassland, native; 373. Salix exigua Nutt . – coyote willow, Datura discolor Bernh . – desert datura, Notholaena standleyi Maxon – Standley desert willow, hinds’ willow, desert thornapple, toloache. Common cloak fern, star cloak fern. Uncommon narrowleaf willow, sandbar willow, in large washes with low slopes in on rocky slopes throughout, native; 394. sauce. Rare, only found in Wild Burro Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 273. Pellaea truncata Goodding – cliff brake, Canyon, native; 310. Datura wrightii Regel – angel’s trumpet, spiny cliffbrake, helecho. Uncommon on Salix gooddingii Ball – Goodding devil’s weed, Jimson weed, pricklyburr, rocky slopes of semidesert grassland, willow, sauce, sauz. Rare to sacred datura, sacred thornapple, native; 435. uncommon, only in major washes, belladona, tecuyaui, toloache grande. RANUNCULACEAE native; 428. Rare in the project, native; 802 SeINet. Anemone tuberosa Rydb . – desert SANTALACEAE Lycium berlandieri Dunal – Berlandier anemone, desert windflower, tuber Phoradendron californicum Nutt . – wolfberry. Uncommon throughout, anemone. Uncommon in semidesert desert mistletoe, mesquite mistletoe, native; 578. grassland, native; 115. chile de espino, guhoja. Common Lycium exsertum A. Gray – Arizona Clematis drummondii Torr . & A . Gray – throughout the project, native; 393. desert-thorn, boxthorn, littleleaf clematis, Drummond clematis, old Phoradendron capitellatum Torr . ex wolfberry, frutilla. Uncommon in . man’s beard, virgin’s bower, barba Trel . – downy mistletoe, wooly semidesert grassland, native; 110 chivato, barba de viejo, chilillo.

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 25 The Plant List Lycium pallidum Miers – boxthorn, pale weed, white horsenettle, white Verbena neomexicana (A . Gray) Small – desert-thorn, pale wolfberry, rabbit- nightshade, buena mujer, pera, hillside vervain, New Mexico verbena. thorn, frutilla. Rare to uncommon in tomatito de buena mujer, trompillo. Uncommon in eastern portion of the eastern Tortolitas, native; 533. Rare in project area, uncommon east of Tortolitas, native; 662. the Tortolita Mountains, native; 623. Nicotiana obtusifolia Mertens & ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Galeotti – coyote tobacco, desert URTICACEAE Kallstroemia californica . . tobacco, tobacco plant, pata de coyote, (S Wats ) vail – tabaco de coyote, tabaco papanta, Parietaria hespera hinton – rillita California caltrop, little summer poppy, mal de ojo. tabaquillo de coyote. Common in pellitory. Locally common on shady Uncommon along low-slope washes of Sonoran Desert scrub, side of large rock faces in late winter, areas in major washes, native; 530. native; 474. native; 390. Kallstroemia grandiflora Torr . ex A . Gray Physalis crassifolia Benth . – desert VERBENACEAE – Arizona poppy, orange caltrop, summer poppy, baiborín, baiburín, mal ground cherry, thickleaf groundcherry, Aloysia wrightii heller ex Abrams – bee de ojo, vaivurín. Uncommon along low- yellow nightshade groundcherry, brush, lemon verbena, mintbush tomate de culebra, tomatillo del slope areas in major washes, native; lippia, Wright aloysia, Wright lippia, 558. desierto. Uncommon in semidesert Wright’s beebrush, altamisa, grassland, mostly in washes, native; oreganillo, vara dulce. Uncommon in Kallstroemia parviflora J.B.S. Norton – 690. eastern portion of the Tortolitas, warty caltrop . Uncommon along low- Solanum douglasii Dunal – green-spot native; 287. slope areas in major washes, native; 604 . nightshade. Uncommon in protected Glandularia gooddingii (Briq .) Solbrig – places in semidesert grassland, native; desert verbena, desert vervain, Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc . ex DC .) 699. Goodding verbena, southwestern Coville – Creosote, creosote bush, gobernadora, guamis, hediondilla, segai. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav . – bull mock vervain; native. 807 SeINet. nettle, silverleaf nightshade, tomato Uncommon in Sonoran Desert scrub, native; 160 . a References Acknowledgments This study would not have been possible without the help and cooperation Beier, P., e. Garding, and D. Majka. 2006. of a number of people. My deepest appreciation goes to the following: kerry Arizona missing linkages: Tucson – Baldwin, Iris Rodden, and Don Carter of Pima County Natural Resources, Tortolita – Santa Catalina Mountains Parks and Recreation; Claire Crow and Darrell Tersey of the United States linkage design. Report to Arizona Game Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management; Leal Roberts and and Fish Department. School of Larry Desmond, private land owners; Shelley McMahon, George Ferguson, Forestry, Northern Arizona University, and Mima Falk of the University of Arizona herbarium; Ben McMahan, Wendy Flagstaff, AZ. hodgson, Andrew Salywon, and Sarah hunkins of the Desert Botanical Brown, David e. 1994. Biotic Garden; Liz Makings and Walt Fertig of the Arizona State University communities: Southwestern United herbarium. States and northwestern Mexico. For fellow plant collectors who braved desert heat, cactus glochids, tedious University of Utah Press, Logan. bookkeeping, and wonderful views, a special thanks go to: ellen Dorn, John Budden, Robert Terrence. 1975. The Weins, Julie Wiens, John Scheuring, Dana Backer, Bill Binkert, Gordon Austin, Tortolita Santa Catalina Mountain Sue Carnahan, Laurel Cooper, Marcia Lindley, Susie Baker, Wendy hodgson, complex. MS thesis, University of Debbie Bird, Brian Gersten, and lastly Michael Chamberland, who didn’t even Arizona, Tucson. know he was collecting for this project. Ferguson, Charles, karen A. Demsey, For inspiration, common sense, and good advice I thank Dave Bertelsen and Wyatt G. Gilbert, P. kyle house, Brad J. Jim verrier. Thank you to Charles Ferguson for making the geological Johnson, David J. Maher, Stephen M. overview accurate, real, and useful. A special thank-you goes to the editors, Richard, Steven J. Skotnicki, Jon e. Doug Ripley, Sue Carnahan, and Marcia Lindley for making all this make Spencer, and Ann Youberg. 2003. sense. Geologic map of the Tortolita Mountains, Pinal and Pima Counties, This project is a part of the Plant Atlas Project of Arizona, sponsored by the Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey. Arizona Native Plant Society and the Grand Canyon Trust.

26 The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society Summer 2017 Another Milestone for the Sky Islands by Tom Van Devender, GreaterGood.org

Jesús Sánchez at the Herbario Universidad de Sonora (UNISON) has long led the interest in the flora of the Sierra de Mazatán. is is the southwestern-most Sky Island, 80 km from Hermosillo on the edge of the Plains of Sonora subdivision of the Sonoran Desert. It is a unique flat-topped granite mountain with oak woodland on top and foothills thornscrub on the lower north slopes. e northernmost cycads in the world, Dioon sonorense, are there as are the endemic Diospyros reinae and Perityle reinana . Howard Gentry collected the Dioon in May 1957 long before it was recognized as a separate species. A new species of Bursera is in the process of description. e range is a candidate CONANP protected natural area as the Sierra Huérfana. In 2014 GreaterGood.org funded an Expedition to inventory the area. All of the observations are in the MABA-MDE-USON databases, and were provided as documentation for the CONANP proposal. (See the annotated checklist at: www.phytoneuron.net/2017Phytoneuron/35PhytoN-MazatanFlora.pdf ).

The Plant List Fish, Suzanne, Paul R. Fish, John h. Sonnichsen, C.L., 1982. Tucson: The life Arizona Department of Agriculture, Madsen, eds. 1992. The Marana and times of an American city. The Robert S. Thompson and katherine community in the hohokam world. University of oklahoma Press, Norman. Anderson, Climate and weather, The University of Arizona Press, geochange.er.usgs.gov/sw/impacts/ Wagoner, Jay J. 1949. The history of the Tucson. biology/pastclim cattle industry in Southern Arizona, Laurenzi, Andy. 2012. Priority 1540-1940. MS Thesis. University of Natural Resources Conservation prehistoric cultural resources, Pinal Arizona, Tucson. Service, United States Department of County, Arizona. Archeology Agriculture, Web Soil Survey, Wallace, henry D. 2008. The petroglyphs Southwest, Tucson, AZ. Technical websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov of Atlatl Ridge, Tortolita Mountains, Report No. 2012 –101. Pima County, Arizona. In : D.L. Swartz TreeFlow, a project of regional McAuliffe, Joseph R. 1999. The Sonoran (ed.). Life in the foothills: integrated sciences and assessment Desert: Landscape complexity and Archaeological investigations in the (RISA) programs, Climate assessment ecological diversity. In: Robert h. Tortolita Mountains of Southern for the Southwest (CLIMAS) at the Robichaux (ed.). ecology of Sonoran Arizona. Anthropological Papers No. University of Arizona, and Western Desert plants and plant communities. 46. Center for Desert Archaeology, Inc. Water Assessment (WWA) at the University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Tucson, AZ. University of Colorado, www.treeflow.info Mueggler, Walter F. 1965. Cattle Web Page References distribution on steep slopes. Journal WestMap, a project of University of Arizona State Climate office, Drought, of Range Management , vol. 18, No. 5, Arizona, the Western Regional Climate azclimate.asu.edu/drought pp 255 –257. Center/Desert Research Institute, and Arizona Department of Agriculture, the PRISM Climate Group at oregon Plummer, Charles C., Diane Carlson, Protected native plants by categories, State University, National oceanic and and Lisa hamersley. 2010. Physical agriculture.az.gov/protected-arizona- Atmospheric Administration, geology. McGraw-hill. native-plants www.cefa.dri.edu/Westmap

www.aznativeplantsociety.org The Plant Press Arizona Native Plant Society 27 Nonprofit Org THE ARIZONA US Postage PAID NATIVE PLANT Tucson AZ SOCIETY Permit #690 Po Box 41206 Address Service Tucson AZ 85717 Requested www.aznativeplantsociety.org

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New Members Welcome! Membership Form People interested in native plants are Name: encouraged to become members. People may join chapters in Flagstaff, Phoenix, Prescott, ______Cochise County (Sierra Vista), Tucson, or Address: Yuma, or may choose not to be active at a chapter level and simply support the ______statewide organization. City/State/Zip: For more information, please write to ______AZNPS (see return address above), visit www.aznativeplantsociety.org , or contact Phone/email: one of the people below: ______Cochise: Doug Ripley, 520.909.3132, [email protected] Chapter preferred: m State only m Cochise County m Flagstaff m Phoenix m Prescott m Tucson m Yuma Flagstaff: Dorothy Lamm, 928.779.7296 Phoenix: Michael Plagens, 602.459.5224 enclosed: m $15 Student m $75 Commercial m $30 Individual m $100 Plant Lover Prescott: Sue Smith, 408.507.7706 m $35 Family m $500 Patron m $50 organization m $1,000 Lifetime Tucson: Anthony Baniaga, 858.822.8548, [email protected] Mail to: Arizona Native Plant Society Yuma: Valerie Morrill, Po Box 41206, Tucson AZ 85717 [email protected]