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First council of nicaea pdf Continue The FIRST COUNCIL OF NICAEA (325) Date: 20 May to 19 Jun, AD 325 Accepted: Assyrian Church of the East | Catholic | Eastern Orthodox | Oriental Orthodox | Most Protestant Denominations The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops who gathered in Nicaea in Bithynia by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in AD 325. This first ecumenical council was the first attempt to reach consensus in the church through a meeting representing all of Christianity. It was qualified by Hosius van Corduba, a bishop of the West. The main accomplishments were settlement of the Christological issue of the nature of the Son of God and his relationship with God the Father, the construction of the first part of the Faith of Nicaea, the establishment of uniform compliance with the date of Easter, and promulgation of early cannon law. The seventh Sunday after the Feast of Holy Passchascha is observed by the Orthodox Church as the Sunday of the Fathers of the First Ecumenical Council. This day commemorates the 318 God-bearing Fathers who gathered in Nicaea in 325 at the request of the Emperor, Saint Constantine the Great, to address the delusion of Arianism along with other issues concerning the unity of the Church. In Image, the Emperor Constantine offers a representation of the city of Constantinople as tribute to a throne Mary and baby Jesus in this church (mosaic. St Sophia, c. 1000). The doctrine about the Person of Jesus upset both the common believer and the theologian from the beginning of Christianity, but did not act on the surface until the time of Constantine. A contention that began between Libyan priests called Arius and Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, about the true doctrine of the Person of Jesus turned into a sharp disunity, and divided the clergy into two major antagonistic parties. Arius claimed that there was only one Person, God the Father, not three separate, equal and fellow eternal Persons in God. The Son was not exactly of the same nature as the Father and therefore was not equal to the Father and had to be subordinate. Jesus was the Son in fact he created the highest of created things, a kind of demigod created for the salvation of the world. He had a human body, but not a human nature. Nevertheless, his inhumine nature was not equal to God. Arius' opponents, however, liked God and the Son of the same substance or homoousios. For Constantine to hear news of such disunity when he saw the new faith as a weapon to reach unity in his empire was frustrating. It was not the first time that the peace of his empire suffered from a heresy, as it was disturbed early as 313 by the Donatists1 of North Africa. However, it was a regional delusion and it worried Egypt that the large grain supplier of Byzantium New Rome (Nova Roma). Nor was he able to understand why the Christians argued about not mentioned in the Gospels and what has happened in the past. The news from Egypt was so disturbing that while on his way there, he canceled the rest of his journey in Antioch on Orontes and returned to Nicomedia. He decided to call a board of all bishops at Ancyra (Ankara) because it could be achieved by the two halves of his empire easily, after Easter 325. Later, however, he decided to transfer the council to Nicea (Iznik), where he could personally attend and control the proceedings. The First Council of Nicaea was regarded as the First Ecumenical Councils as a result of the large number of representatives who attended it. To achieve this, participants' expenses were met by the state and they freely made use of the Public Transport Service. But with the exception of a few bishops coming from the Latin West, all the contestants were Greek bishops and mostly from the Churches from the eastern half of the empire. Gregory van Nyssa and Jacob (Jacob) of Nisibis (Nusaybin) were two of the participants. Later, Christian tradition added some important bishops, such as our Nicholas from Myra. The meetings began on 20 May at the imperial palace by Lake Ascania (Iznik) with Constantine's opening address urging the bishops to bring about unity and peace. The victory over the Syrian wandering seed was achieved by the intervention of Constantine. The faith agreed by the emperor and important bishops and proposed for adoption at the council was sharp anti-Arian; confirms that the Son is 'of the same substance' with the Father. However, its wording can be interpreted by the Ariane in their path. Although the number of participants could have been between 220 and 250, traditionally 318 out of 320 bishops signed the faith. The opposition came from the two Libyan bishops who were not concerned about the main issue, but with a cannon subjecting them to the control of Alexandria. Nevertheless, they were condemned and humiliated like Arius who was present as an observer at the council. It was the first time Christians persecuted each other for differences in faith. The meetings ended with a brilliant banquet. During the sessions and beyond, until his death in 373, the flag of the Nicene case would be worn by Athanasius who left his desert aphids to fight for the cause of orthodoxy, which bishop Alexander accompanied the council as a death shot and stood with him. However, it would take several centuries for Arianism to disappear completely. Arius is claimed by his enemies who died in a sink in Constantinople where his intestines burst - presumably caused by poison - but an end that his enemies considered the revenge of God. The council also discussed a few matters of discipline in the Church. Until then, the West and Alexandria Held Easter on Sunday, the other Churches in the East calculated it to the Jewish calendar. It was decided that Easter should always be celebrated on Sunday and never on the same day as a Jewish feast. The council also confirmed the special authority of the bishop of Antioch over Syria and that of Alexandria all over Egypt. The Churches of Antioch and Alexandria, by heads of the apostolic foundation they could claim, had to be allowed to exercise greater rights than other churches. The First Ecumenical Councils did not reach unity in the Church, but prevented problems from being expressed openly, at least until the death of Constantine. Despite all the efforts of Constantine, the results of the First Ecumenical Councils of 325 disappointed him. Gregory van Nyssa (340-94) summed up the situation as follows in the capital: If you ask a man for change, he will give you a piece of philosophy concerning the Begotten and the Unborn; if you inquire of the price of a bread, he says, 'The Father is greater and the Son is inferior'; or if you ask if the pool is ready, the answer you receive is that the Son is made nothing. The problems immediately popped up during the reign of his successor. The pro-Arian sentiments and policies of Constantine's son and successor Constantius I (337-361) alienated the Orthodox Christians and by the 60s a new (Semi-Arian) formula, what claims that the Boy's being is 'like' the Father's, or homoioousios, was developed in Antiochë and seemed to bear the closest agreement with the Nicea Creed. The emperor decided that the Nicene Creed was the leading cause of disputes and the vague formula of 'parable' was more suitable to reach a compromise, a hope that was too optimistic. His successor, Julian (the Backslidden) (361-363) tried to revive Gentiles and hoped the different factions in Christianity would continue to fight and consume one another. He regards Christianity as apostasy from Judaism and plans to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple destroyed by Titus in 70 CE. Christians consider the end of sacrificial worship and fall from Jerusalem as the end of Judaism. During his Persian expedition, Julian decided to build the Temple at his own expense and from Antioch sent his friend Alypius to oversee the reconstruction. However, the work was interrupted and abandoned. Ancient literature calls disasters such as balls of fire bursting out under the foundation or fire falling from heaven on construction and the workers. While some of the emperors were to Julian pro-Arian or Arian, some were opposed. Christians suffered severe persecutions during the reign of rulers of the opposing faith. At the end if the Orthodox case won this battle, it was more because of the fact that Christians have worshipped Christ as God since the beginning of Christianity rather than the efforts of clergy or emperors. Advice of Christian Christian Convened in Nicaea, 325 First Council of Nicaea16th-Century Fresco depiction of the Council of NicaeaDateMay on August 325Easearn by Catholic Church Protestant Church Eastern Orthodox Church Assyrian Church assyrian Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Ancient Church of the East Anglican Church of the East Anclosed Church Previous Councillor of Jerusalem (Pre-ecumenical)Following Council of Serdica and the ecumenical First Council of Constantinople Convocation by DieEmperor Constantine IPresidentHosius of CordubaAttendance318 (traditional number)250–318 (estimates) – only five of Western ChurchTopicsArianism nature of Christ, celebration of Easter, ordinance of eunals, banning sundays and from Easter to Pentecost, validity of baptism by keticians, counterfeit Christians, sun-dry other matters.
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