Chemical Engineering - CHEN 1
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Molecular Materials for Nonlinear Optics
RICHARD S. POTEMBER, ROBERT C. HOFFMAN, KAREN A. STETYICK, ROBERT A. MURPHY, and KENNETH R. SPECK MOLECULAR MATERIALS FOR NONLINEAR OPTICS An overview of our recent advances in the investigation of molecular materials for nonlinear optical applications is presented. Applications of these materials include optically bistable devices, optical limiters, and harmonic generators. INTRODUCTION of potentially important optical qualities and capabilities Organic molecular materials are a class of materials such as optical bistability, optical threshold switching, in which the organic molecules retain their geometry and photoconductivity, harmonic generation, optical para physical properties when crystallization takes place. metric oscillation, and electro-optic modulation. A sam Changes occur in the physical properties of individual ple of various applications for several optical materials molecules during crystallization, but they are small com is shown in Table 1. pared with those that occur in ionic or metallic solids. The optical effects so far observed in many organic The energies binding the individual molecules together materials result from the interaction of light with bulk in organic solids are also relatively small, making organic materials such as solutions, single crystals, polycrystal molecular solids mere aggregations of molecules held to line fIlms, and amorphous compositions. In these materi gether by weak intermolecular (van der Waals) forces . als, each molecule in the solid responds identically, so The crystalline structure of most organic molecular solids that the response of the bulk material is the sum of the is more complex than that of most metals or inorganic responses of the individual molecules. That effect sug solids; 1 the asymmetry of most organic molecules makes gests that it may be possible to store and process optical the intermolecular forces highly anisotropic. -
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions
[eJij9iviews and opinions CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING* Current Status and Future Directions M. P. DUDUKOVIC and petrochemical industry provided a fertile ground Washington University for further development of reaction engineering con St. Louis, MO 63130 cepts. The final cornerstone of this new discipline was laid in 1957 by the First Symposium on Chemical HEMICAL REACTIONS have been used by man Reaction Engineering [3] which brought together and C kind since time immemorial to produce useful synthesized the European point of view. The Amer products such as wine, metals, etc. Nevertheless, the ican and European schools of thought were not identi unifying principles that today we call chemical reac cal, but in time they converged into the subject matter tion engineering were not developed until relatively a that we know today as chemical reaction engineering, short time ago. During the decade of the 1940's (not or CRE. The above chronology led to the establish even half a century ago!) a transition was made from ment of CRE as an accepted discipline over the span descriptive industrial chemistry to the conceptual un of a decade and a half. This does not imply that all the ification of reaction processes and reactor types. The principles important in CRE were discovered then. pioneering work in this area of industrial practice was The foundation for CRE had already been established done by Denbigh [1] in England. Then in 1947, by the early work of Frank-Kamenteski, Damkohler, Hougen and Watson [2] published the first textbook Zeldovitch, etc., but at that time they represented in the U.S. -
Transport Phenomena: Mass Transfer
Transport Phenomena Mass Transfer (1 Credit Hour) μ α k ν DAB Ui Uo UD h h Pr f Gr Re Le i o Nu Sh Pe Sc kc Kc d Δ ρ Σ Π ∂ ∫ Dr. Muhammad Rashid Usman Associate professor Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore. Jul-2016 The Text Book Please read through. Bird, R.B. Stewart, W.E. and Lightfoot, E.N. (2002). Transport Phenomena. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Singapore. 2 Transfer processes For a transfer or rate process Rate of a quantity driving force Rate of a quantity area for the flow of the quantity 1 Rate of a quantity Area driving force resistance Rate of a quantity conductance Area driving force Flux of a quantity conductance driving force Conductance is a transport property. Compare the above equations with Ohm’s law of electrical 3 conductance Transfer processes change in the quanity Rate of a quantity change in time rate of the quantity Flux of a quantity area for flow of the quantity change in the quanity Gradient of a quantity change in distance 4 Transfer processes In chemical engineering, we study three transfer processes (rate processes), namely •Momentum transfer or Fluid flow •Heat transfer •Mass transfer The study of these three processes is called as transport phenomena. 5 Transfer processes Transfer processes are either: • Molecular (rate of transfer is only a function of molecular activity), or • Convective (rate of transfer is mainly due to fluid motion or convective currents) Unlike momentum and mass transfer processes, heat transfer has an added mode of transfer called as radiation heat transfer. -
Download the Chemical Engineering Major Handbook
2020 - 2021 Undergraduate Handbook DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING INFORMATION FOR MAJORS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Fall 2020 Updated July 2020 Quick Reference Guide Chemical Engineering Curriculum - Prerequisite Flowchart *Sophomore year has two variants; ChE 210 may be taken in sophomore or freshman year. Total Requirements - 48 classes Basic Courses: A. Mathematics - 4 classes D. Design and Communication - 3 classes Chemical Engineering Curriculum - Prerequisite Flowchart q MATH 220-1 (220) q MATH 228-1 (230) q q ENGLISH & DSGN 106-1,2 q MATH 220-2 (224) q MATH 228-2 (234) q COMM ST (Speech) 102, or B. Engineering Analysis - 4 classes PERF ST (Performance) 103 or 203 q q q q GEN ENG 205-1,2,3,4 E. Basic Engineering - 5 classes C. Basic Sciences - 4 classes q CHEM ENG 210 q q PHYSICS 135-2,3 (plus labs) q CHEM ENG 211 q q CHEM 131,132, or 151,152, q MAT SCI 301 or 171,172 (plus labs) q CHEM ENG 312 or IEMS 303 q CHEM ENG 321 Distribution Requirements: F. q Social Sci/Humanities (Theme) - 7 classes G. q Unrestricted Electives - 5 classes Core Curriculum: H. Major Program – 11 required classes + 5 technical electives q CHEM 210-1: Organic Chemistry q CHEM ENG 322: Heat Transfer q CHEM 210-2: Organic Chemistry (plus lab) q CHEM ENG 323: Mass Transfer q CHEM ENG 212: Phase Equilibrium and q CHEM ENG 341: Dynamics and Control Staged Separations of Chemical and Biological Processes q CHEM ENG 275: Cell & Molecular Biology q CHEM ENG 342: Chemical Engineering Lab for Engineers or BIOL SCI 215 or 291 or q CHEM ENG 351: Process Economics, 201 or 202 Design & Evaluation q CHEM ENG 307: Kinetics & Reactor q CHEM ENG 352: Chemical Engineering Engineering Design Projects q Technical Electives - 5 classes You may choose an area of specialization: (OR follow technical elective guidelines - Section IIIB) Bioengineering, Chemical Process Engineering, Design, Environmental Engineering and Sustainability, Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering, or Polymer Science and Engineering Table of Contents I. -
Bottom-Up Nano-Technology: Molecular Engineering at Surfaces
BESSY – Highlights 2003 – Scientific Highligths 1 Max-Planck-Institut für Bottom-up nano-technology: Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, 2 molecular engineering at surfaces Lehrstuhl für 1 1 1 1 2 Physikalische Chemie I, S. Stepanow , M. Lingenfelder , A. Dmitriev , N. Lin , Th. Strunskus , Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ch. Wöll2, J.V. Barth3,4, K. Kern1,3 3 Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, A key issue in nanotech- acid (terephthalic acid - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de nology is the development tpa) and 1,2,4-benzenetri- Lausanne, Schweiz of conceptually simple carboxylic acid (trimellitic 4 construction techniques acid - tmla) on the Advanced Materials and Process for the mass fabrication Cu(100) surface. Mol- Engineering Laboratory, of identical nanoscale ecules of this type are University of British Columbia, structures. Conventional frequently employed in Vancouver, Canada top down fabrication 3-D crystal engineering techniques are both top [3] and have proven to be down fabrication techniques are both energy useful for the fabrication of nanoporous intensive and wasteful, because many supramolecular layers [4-7]. The molecules production steps involve depositing unstruc- tpa and tmla with their respective twofold tured layers and then patterning them by and threefold exodentate functionality are removing most of the deposited films. shown in Fig. 1. While the formation of Furthermore, increasingly expensive fabrica- organic layers and nano-structures can be tion facilities are required as the feature size nicely monitored by STM, X-ray photoelectron decreases. The natural alternative to the top- spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray down construction is the bottom-up ap- absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) resolve proach, in which nanoscale structures are conclusively the deprotonation of carboxylic obtained from their atomic and molecular acid group and molecular orientation. -
Nanotechnology: a Slightly Different History Peter Schulz School of Applied Sciences UNICAMP Brazil [email protected]
Nanotechnology: a slightly different history Peter Schulz School of Applied Sciences UNICAMP Brazil [email protected] Originally published in Portuguese as a diffusion of Science article Nanotecnologia - uma história um pouco diferente Ciência Hoje 308, October 2013, p.26-29 Many introductory articles and books about nanotechnology have been written to disseminate this apparently new technology, which investigate and manipulates matter at dimension of a billionth of a meter. However, these texts show in general a common feature: there is very little about the origins of this multidisciplinary field. If anything is mentioned at all, a few dates, facts and characters are reinforced, which under the scrutiny of a careful historical digging do not sustain as really founding landmarks of the field. Nevertheless, in spite of these flaws, such historical narratives bring up important elements to understand and contextualize this human endeavor, as well as the corresponding dissemination among the public: would nanotechnology be a cultural imperative? Introduction: plenty of room beyond the bottom Nanotechnology is based on the investigation and manipulation of matter at the scale of billionths of a meter, i.e., nanometers; borrowing approaches from academic disciplines, which until recently were perceived more or less as isolated from each other: Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Material Sciences. Different groups, ranging from the scientific community to the general public, when asked about the history of nanotechnology seem to be satisfied with a tiny set of information spread out from site to site in the web. Within the most disseminated allegedly origins of nanotechnology, we can find the so called grandfather and launching act of nanotechnology, namely the famous physicist Richard Feynman (1918 - 1988) and his 1959 talk There is plenty of room at the bottom1. -
Chemical Engineering (CH ENG) 1
Chemical Engineering (CH_ENG) 1 Chemical Engineering CH_ENG 3233: Chemical Engineering Fluid Dynamics Introductory-level continuum mechanics of fluid flow (first in a two-course (CH_ENG) series on transport phenomena). Topics emphasized include buoyancy; stress; integral and differential conservation of mass, momentum, CH_ENG 1000: Introduction to Chemical Engineering and energy; the viscous stress equations of motion; Newtonian fluids, Orientation course for freshmen-level students. Introduction to careers viscosity, creeping flow, and the Navier-Stokes equations; turbulence; and opportunities in chemical engineering, basic engineering principles, dimensionless parameters and correlations; and solutions to partial simple calculations. differential equations. Graded on A-F basis only. Credit Hours: 2 Credit Hours: 3 Prerequisites or Corequisites: MATH 1500, CHEM 1320 Prerequisites or Corequisites: MATH 4100 Prerequisites: PHYSCS 2750, MATH 2300, and a grade of C- or better in CH_ENG 2225 CH_ENG 1000H: Introduction to Chemical Engineering - Honors Orientation course for freshmen-level students. Introduction to careers and opportunities in chemical engineering, basic engineering principles, CH_ENG 3234: Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer simple calculations. Fluid flow, heat and mass transfer. A comprehensive treatment of the transport processes related to chemical engineering operations, with Credit Hours: 2 focus on both theory and applications. Prerequisites or Corequisites: MATH 1500, CHEM 1320. Honors eligibility required Credit Hours: -
Who Was Who in Transport Phenomena
l!j9$i---1111-1111-.- __microbiographies.....::..._____:__ __ _ ) WHO WAS WHO IN TRANSPORT PHENOMENA R. B YRON BIRD University of Wisconsin-Madison• Madison, WI 53706-1691 hen lecturing on the subject of transport phenom provide the "glue" that binds the various topics together into ena, I have often enlivened the presentation by a coherent subject. It is also the subject to which we ulti W giving some biographical information about the mately have to tum when controversies arise that cannot be people after whom the famous equations, dimensionless settled by continuum arguments alone. groups, and theories were named. When I started doing this, It would be very easy to enlarge the list by including the I found that it was relatively easy to get information about authors of exceptional treatises (such as H. Lamb, H.S. the well-known physicists who established the fundamentals Carslaw, M. Jakob, H. Schlichting, and W. Jost). Attention of the subject, but that it was relatively difficult to find could also be paid to those many people who have, through accurate biographical data about the engineers and applied painstaking experiments, provided the basic data on trans scientists who have developed much of the subject. The port properties and transfer coefficients. documentation on fluid dynamicists seems to be rather plen tiful, that on workers in the field of heat transfer somewhat Doing accurate and responsible investigations into the history of science is demanding and time-consuming work, less so, and that on persons involved in diffusion quite and it requires individuals with excellent knowledge of his sparse. -
ENCH - Engineering, Chemical 1
ENCH - Engineering, Chemical 1 ENCH751 Turbulent and Multiphase Transport Phenomena (3 Credits) ENCH - ENGINEERING, Basic equations and statistical theories for transport of heat, mass, and momentum in turbulent fluids with applications to processing equipment. CHEMICAL Fundamental equations of multiphase flow for dilute systems with applications to particles, drops and bubbles. Current approaches for ENCH608 Research in Chemical Engineering (1 Credit) analysis of concentrated suspensions including deterministic models and Students gain experience in research through lab rotations and population balance approaches. experience presenting their findings. Prerequisite: ENCH620 and ENCH630. Restriction: Must be in the Chemical Engineering Doctoral or Master of ENCH781 Polymer Reaction Engineering (3 Credits) Science program. Advanced topics in polymerization kinetics, reactor design and Repeatable to: 8 credits. analysis; addition and step-growth polymerization; homogeneous and ENCH609 Graduate Seminar (1 Credit) heterogeneous polymerization; photopolymerization; reactor dynamics; ENCH610 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (3 Credits) optimal operation and control of industrial polymerization reactors. Advanced application of the general thermodynamic methods to Prerequisite: ENCH640; or permission of instructor. chemical engineering problems. First and second law consequences; ENCH799 Master's Thesis Research (1-6 Credits) estimation and correlation of thermodynamic properties; phase and ENCH818 Advanced Topics in Thermodynamics (3 Credits) -
Introduction to Biological Transport Phenomena Transport Phenomena
Introduction to Biological Transport Phenomena Adapted From: Transport Phenomena Byron Bird, Warren Stewart, and Edwin Lightfoot Chapter 3 Bioengineering Fundamentals Ann Saterbak, Ka-Yiu San, Larry McIntire Chapter 4 John P. Fisher © Copyright 2012, John P. Fisher, All Rights Reserved Transport Phenomena Introduction • Mass Transport • Solute diffusion through membrane bound channels • Renal separation of ionic components • Momentum Transport • Blood flow through the arterial system • Interstitial fluid flow • Energy Transport • Cardiac energy • Skeletal muscle energy © Copyright 2012, John P. Fisher, All Rights Reserved 1 Transport Phenomena Basic Laws and Connectivity Between Phenomena • Mass: Fick’s Law of Diffusion J = −D∇C • Momentum: Newton’s Law of Viscosity τ = −µ∇v • Energy: Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction q = −k∇T © Copyright 2012, John P. Fisher, All Rights Reserved Transport Phenomena ∇ Operator • The vector differential operator, ∇, known as del, is a vector operator and it cannot stand on its own, but must operate on a scalar, vector, or tensor ∂ ∂ ∂ rectangular coordinates ∇ = δ +δ +δ x ∂x y ∂y z ∂z ∂ 1 ∂ ∂ cylindrical coordinates ∇ = δ +δ +δ r ∂r θ r ∂θ z ∂z ∂ 1 ∂ 1 ∂ spherical coordinates ∇ = δ +δ +δ r ∂r θ r ∂θ φ r sinθ ∂z © Copyright 2012, John P. Fisher, All Rights Reserved 2 Transport Phenomena ∇ Operator • The vector differential operator, ∇, known as del, is a vector operator and it cannot stand on its own, but must operate on a scalar, vector, or tensor ∂v ∂vy ∂v rectangular coordinates ∇ ⋅v = x + + z ∂x ∂y ∂z 1 1 v v cylindrical coordinates ∂ ∂ θ ∂ z ∇ ⋅v = (rvr )+ + r ∂r r ∂θ ∂z 1 1 1 ∂v spherical coordinates ∂ 2 ∂ φ ∇ ⋅v = 2 (r vr )+ (vθ sinθ )+ r ∂r r sinθ ∂θ r sinθ ∂φ © Copyright 2012, John P. -
Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering
PEO Position Statement Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering Issue Date: September 23, 2011 Policy Statement PEO recognizes Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering as the practice of professional engineering and a new discipline of professional engineering. Definition Nanotechnology: understanding and control of matter and processes at the nanoscale, typically, but not exclusively, below 100 nanometres in one or more dimensions where the onset of size-dependent phenomena usually enables novel applications. Molecular Engineering: the design and/or manufacture of molecules by any means, which might or might not be found in nature, including self-assembling systems, generally to be used in works useful to humankind. It may be used to create, on an extremely small scale, most typically one at a time, new molecules that might not exist in nature, or be stable beyond a very narrow range of conditions. Scope of Practice The practice of Nanotechnology/Molecular Engineering (NME) is a specialist practice within the practice of professional engineering. All requirements, obligations and responsibilities of NME practitioners derive from their obligations under the Professional Engineers Act. Within this context, NME has special meaning to include: • any act of designing, composing, evaluating, planning, advising, reporting, directing or supervising, or making measurements for, laying out work for, • specifying or approving of, auditing of, general review of, • classifying, inventorying and mapping of, an activity that requires the knowledge, -
Transport Phenomena: Mass Transfer Procedure 1) Mass Balance Over A
Transport Phenomena: Mass Transfer Procedure 1) Mass balance over a thin shell 2) Obtain 1st ODE 3) Insert the relation between mass flux and concentration gradient 4) Result in 2nd ODE 5) Integration 6) Apply BCs to determine the constants (from integration) 7) Obtain concentration distribution The law of conservation of mass of species A in a binary system is written over the volume of the shell in the form Rate of Rate of rate of production of Mass of - Mass of - mass of A by =0 A in A out homogeneous reaction Mass flux = the number of moles of A that go through a unit area in unit time. Combined molecular convective flux flux flux (Diffusive flow) (Due to Bulk motion of A) Boundary conditions 1) The concentration at surface can be specified; for example . 2) The mass flux at surface can be specified; for example, . 3) Solid surface substance A is lost to a surrounding stream 4) Rate of chemical reaction at the surface can be specified; for example, Example 1 Diffusivity through a stagnant gas (gas-air) Air flow B S: Cross sectional area z2 z1 A Loop A z 0 Figure 1 Steady-state diffusion of A through stagnant B with the liquid vapor interface maintained at a fixed position. Assumption 1) B does not dissolve in liquid A 2) A does not react to B 3) Temperature and pressure is constant Mole A balance around shell Divided by and taking limit we obtain Mass diffusion in binary system From Fick’s law; * is the molar flux of component A in the z direction due to molecular diffusion.