DOCSLIB.ORG

INFORMATION to USERS the Quality of This Reproduction Is

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INFORMATION to USERS the Quality of This Reproduction Is INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., m ^ s, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, b%inning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Infoimation Company 300 North Zed> Road, Ann Aibor NO 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF THE RHODOBACTER CAPSULATUS CO2 FIXATION GENES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By George Carl Paoli, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1997 Dissertation Committee Approved by: F.R. Tabita, Adviser W.R. Strohl K.E. Kendrick viser C.J. Daniels Department of Microbiology UMI Number: 9721152 UMI Microform 9721152 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ABSTRACT Rhodobacter capsulatus is a nonsulfur purple photosynthetic bacterium that fixes CO2 primarily via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) reductive pentose phosphate pathway. R. capsulatus is one of only a few bacterial species known to synthesize two forms of the key CBB cycle enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO). The organization of several genes encoding CBB cycle enzymes {ebb genes) in R. capsulatus was determined. The R. capsulatus form I and form II RubisCO genes, cbbLcbbS and cbbM, respectively, were functionally expressed in Escherichia colt and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Several of the ebb genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the R. capsulatus form I RubisCO genes and the genes immediately upstream and downstream of cbbLcbbS were acquired by R. capsulatus as a result of a horizontal gene transfer. A combination of ebb gene disruption strains and ebb promoter fusion constructs was employed to examine aspects of ebb gene regulation in R. capsulatus. Chemoautotrophic growth of mutant strains of R. capsulatus, and a spontaneous mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, that synthesize only form I or form II RubisCO was examined. The results of these experiments suggest that these strains might be useful in providing a system for biological selection for RubisCO with desirable biochemical properties. Ill Dedicated to Renee, Cassie, and Courtney IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank my adviser. Dr. F. Robert Tabita for his support and patience, as well as the training I received while working on these studies. Thanks also to Dr. Janet L. Gibson for her advice and input. For his contributions to this work, I thank Dr. Jessup Shively. I wish to express my gratitude to Drs. Charles E. Daniels, Kathleen E. Kendrick, and William R. Strohl for their time and input, both as advisory members of my dissertation committee and as teachers. Thanks to past and present members of Dr. Tabita's laboratory, too many to list, with whom working has been a pleasure. To my parents. Lido and Mary Ann Paoli, my thanks for continued support and encouragement, and to my wife Renee, for her sacrifice and support. VTTA December 6, 1963 ............................................ Bom - Hancock, Michigan 1986 ................................................................ B.S., Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 1988................................................................ M.S., Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 1988 - Present................................................. Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Tabita, F.R., J.L. Gibson, D.L. Falcone, X. Wang, L.-A. Li, B.A. Read, K.C. Terlesky, and G.C. Paoli. 1991. Current studies on the molecular biology and biochemistry of CO? fixation in phototrophic bacteria, p.469-479. In J.C. Murrell and D.P. Kelly (ed.). Microbial Growth on C| Compounds. Intercept Ltd, Andover, U.K. Paoli, G.C., N. Strom-Morgan, J.M. Shively, and F.R. Tabita. 1995. Expression of the cbbLcbbS and cbbM genes and distinct organization of the ebb Calvin cycle structural genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Arch. Microbiol. 164:396-405. Gibson, J.L., Y. Qian, G.C. Paoli, J.M. Dubbs, H. Xu. H.V. Modak, K.M. Horken, T.M. Wahlund, G.M.F. Watson, and F.R. Tabita. 1996. Molecular control and biochemistry of CO? fixation in photosynthetic bacteria. In, M.E. Lidstrom and F.R. Tabita (ed.). Microbial Growth on Ci Compounds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Microbiology vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION.......................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... v VITA .......................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TA BLES................................................................................................... ix LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. xi INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTERS 1. Expression of the cbbLcbbS and cbbM Genes and Distinct Organization of theebb Calvin Cycle Structural Genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus ...................... 4 Introduction ....................................................................................... 4 Materials and M ethods .................................................................... 7 Results............................................................................................... 13 Discussion ......................................................................................... 27 Acknowledgments ............................................................................ 30 2. Organization and Nucleotide Sequence of the Rhodobacter capsulatus cbbLcbbS and Neighboring Genes. Phylogenetic Analysis Suggests That These Genes Were Acquired by a Horizontal Gene Transfer ........................................... 31 Introduction ....................................................................................... 31 Materials and M ethods .................................................................... 33 Results............................................................................................... 39 Discussion ......................................................................................... 60 Acknowledgments ............................................................................. 63 vii 3. Studies of the Regulation of the ebb Structural Genes of Rhodobacter capsulatus ................................................................................................................. 64 Introduction ...................................................................................... 64 Materials and M ethods .................................................................... 68 Results............................................................................................... 80 Discussion ............................................................................................. 130 Acknowledgments ................................................................................ 134 4. Aerobic ChemoUthoautotrophic Growth of Rhodobacter capsulatus strain SB 1003 and a Spontaneous Mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain HR.... 135 Introduction ...................................................................................... 135 Materials and M ethods .................................................................... 138 Results............................................................................................... 141 Discussion ........................................................................................ 159 Acknowledgments ............................................................................ 162 5. SUM M ARY....................................................................................................... 163 REFERENCES........................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Core Bacterial Taxon from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
    ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY crossm Casimicrobium huifangae gen. nov., sp. nov., a Ubiquitous “Most-Wanted” Core Bacterial Taxon from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Yang Song,a,b,c,d,g Cheng-Ying Jiang,a,b,c,d Zong-Lin Liang,a,b,c,g Bao-Jun Wang,a Yong Jiang,e Ye Yin,f Hai-Zhen Zhu,a,b,c,g Ya-Ling Qin,a,b,c,g Rui-Xue Cheng,a Zhi-Pei Liu,a,b,c,d Yao Liu,e Tao Jin,f Philippe F.-X. Corvini,h Korneel Rabaey,i Downloaded from Ai-Jie Wang,a,d,g Shuang-Jiang Liua,b,c,d,g aKey Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology at Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China bState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China cEnvironmental Microbiology Research Center at Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China dRCEES-IMCAS-UCAS Joint-Lab of Microbial Technology for Environmental Science, Beijing, China eBeijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, China f BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao, China http://aem.asm.org/ gUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China hUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland iCenter for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Yang Song and Cheng-Ying Jiang contributed equally to this work. Author order was determined by drawing straws. ABSTRACT Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a key role in the removal of pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewaters. A recent study estimated that activated sludge from global municipal WWTPs har- on June 19, 2020 by guest bors 1 ϫ 109 to 2 ϫ 109 microbial species, the majority of which have not yet been cultivated, and 28 core taxa were identified as “most-wanted” ones (L.
    [Show full text]
  • Photosynthesis Is Widely Distributed Among Proteobacteria As Demonstrated by the Phylogeny of Puflm Reaction Center Proteins
    fmicb-08-02679 January 20, 2018 Time: 16:46 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 23 January 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02679 Photosynthesis Is Widely Distributed among Proteobacteria as Demonstrated by the Phylogeny of PufLM Reaction Center Proteins Johannes F. Imhoff1*, Tanja Rahn1, Sven Künzel2 and Sven C. Neulinger3 1 Research Unit Marine Microbiology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany, 2 Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany, 3 omics2view.consulting GbR, Kiel, Germany Two different photosystems for performing bacteriochlorophyll-mediated photosynthetic energy conversion are employed in different bacterial phyla. Those bacteria employing a photosystem II type of photosynthetic apparatus include the phototrophic purple bacteria (Proteobacteria), Gemmatimonas and Chloroflexus with their photosynthetic relatives. The proteins of the photosynthetic reaction center PufL and PufM are essential components and are common to all bacteria with a type-II photosynthetic apparatus, including the anaerobic as well as the aerobic phototrophic Proteobacteria. Edited by: Therefore, PufL and PufM proteins and their genes are perfect tools to evaluate the Marina G. Kalyuzhanaya, phylogeny of the photosynthetic apparatus and to study the diversity of the bacteria San Diego State University, United States employing this photosystem in nature. Almost complete pufLM gene sequences and Reviewed by: the derived protein sequences from 152 type strains and 45 additional strains of Nikolai Ravin, phototrophic Proteobacteria employing photosystem II were compared. The results Research Center for Biotechnology (RAS), Russia give interesting and comprehensive insights into the phylogeny of the photosynthetic Ivan A. Berg, apparatus and clearly define Chromatiales, Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales as Universität Münster, Germany major groups distinct from other Alphaproteobacteria, from Betaproteobacteria and from *Correspondence: Caulobacterales (Brevundimonas subvibrioides).
    [Show full text]
  • Anaerobic Degradation of Steroid Hormones by Novel Denitrifying Bacteria
    Anaerobic degradation of steroid hormones by novel denitrifying bacteria Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der Rheinisch- Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologe Michael Fahrbach aus Bad Mergentheim (Baden-Württemberg) Berichter: Professor Dr. Juliane Hollender Professor Dr. Andreas Schäffer Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 12. Dezember 2006 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Hochschulbibliothek online verfügbar. Table of Contents 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1 1.1 General information on steroids ...............................................................................1 1.2 Steroid hormones in the environment.......................................................................2 1.2.1 Natural and anthropogenic sources and deposits ............................................2 1.2.2 Potential impact on the environment ................................................................3 1.2.3 Fate of steroid hormones..................................................................................4 1.3 Microbial degradation of steroid hormones and sterols............................................5 1.3.1 Aerobic degradation..........................................................................................5 1.3.2 Anaerobic degradation......................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Rhodoquinone Rhodospirillaceae and Its Taxonomic
    J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 30, 435-448 (1984) DISTRIBUTION OF RHODOQUINONE IN RHODOSPIRILLACEAE AND ITS TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AKIRA HIRAISHI ANDYASUO HOSHINO Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158, Japan (Received November 27, 1984) The rhodoquinone (RQ) composition was studied in representatives of 20 species of Rhodospirillaceae. Thin-layer chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that six of the 20 test species contained RQ as a major quinone in average amounts of 0.28 to 2.22 umol per g dry weight of cells. The predominant homologue of RQ in the six species was as follows: RQ-8-Rhodospirillum photometricum and an unknown species resembling Rhodocyclus gelatinosus; RQ-9+ RQ-10-Rhodopila globi- formis; RQ-l0-Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, and Rhodomicrobium vannielii. The taxonomic significance of RQ and other isoprenoid quinones is discussed in comparison with the new clas- sification system for the phototrophic bacteria recently proposed by IMHOFFet al. Isoprenoid quinones in eubacteria can be divided into two major structural groups, the benzoquinones and naphtoquinones represented by ubiquinone (Q) and menaquinone (MK), respectively. Some derivatives of Q and MK also occur in certain species. These lipoquinones play important roles in respiratory or photosynthetic electron transport in bacterial plasma membranes, and have been extensively studied not only from biochemical viewpoints but also in their taxo- nomic aspects (1, 2). Rhodoquinone (RQ) is a derivative of Q in which one of the methoxyl groups is replaced by an amino group (3, 4). This compound was first isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum by GLOVERand THRELFALL(5).
    [Show full text]
  • Unsuspected Diversity Among Marine Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs
    letters to nature 29. Houghton, R. A. & Hackler, J. L. Emissions of carbon from forestry and land-use change in tropical a BAC 56B12 Asia. Glob. Change Biol. 5, 481±492 (1999). BAC 60D04 30. Kauppi, P. E., Mielikainen, K. & Kuusela, K. Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971 to 0.1 BAC 30G07 1990. Science 256, 70±74 (1992). 100 cDNA 0m13 cDNA 20m11 Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on Nature's website env20m1 (http://www.nature.com). 76 env20m5 cDNA 20m22 99 env0m2 Acknowledgements cDNA 20m8 R2A84* We thank B. Stephens for comments and suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. 72 R2A62* R2A163* This work was supported by the NSF, NOAA and the International Geosphere Biosphere 100 Program/Global Analysis, Interpretation, and Modeling Project. S.F. and J.S. were Rhodobacter capsulatus Rhodobacter sphaeroides α-3 supported by NOAA's Of®ce of Global Programs for the Carbon Modeling Consortium. Rhodovulum sulfidophilum* Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.S.D. 100 Roseobacter denitrificans* 73 Roseobacter litoralis* (e-mail: [email protected]). MBIC3951* 61 82 cDNA 0m1 100 cDNA 20m21 99 env0m1 envHOT1 100 Erythrobacter longus* Erythromicrobium ramosum ................................................................. 100 96 Erythrobacter litoralis* α-4 98 MBIC3019* Unsuspected diversity among marine Sphingomonas natatoria cDNA 0m20 aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs 96 Thiocystisge latinosa γ Allochromatium vinosum Rhodopseudomonas palustris Oded BeÂjaÁ*², Marcelino T. Suzuki*,
    [Show full text]
  • Suppl. Figure 1 (.Pdf)
    Supplementary web Figure 1. 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic trees showing the affiliation of all cultured and uncultured members of the nine “Rhodocyclales” lineages. The consensus tree is based on maximum-likelihood analysis (AxML) of full- length sequences (>1,300 nucleotides) performed with a 50% conservation filter for the “Betaproteobacteria”. Named type species are indicated by boldface type. Bar indicates 10% estimated sequence divergence. Polytomic nodes connect branches for which a relative order could not be determined unambiguously by applying neighbor- joining, maximum-parsimony, and maximum-likelihood treeing methods. Numbers at branches indicate parsimony bootstrap values in percent. Branches without numbers had bootstrap values of less than 75%. The minimum 16S rRNA sequence similarity for each “Rhodocyclales” lineage is shown. P+ sludge clone SBR1021, AF204250 P+ sludge clone GC152, AF204242 Kraftisried wwtp clone KRA42, AY689087 Kraftisried wwtp clone S28, AF072922 Kraftisried wwtp clone A13, AF072927 Kraftisried wwtp clone H23, AF072926 Kraftisried wwtp clone S40, AF234757 Sterolibacterium lineage 100 Kraftisried wwtp clone H12, AF072923 100 Kraftisried wwtp clone H20, AF072920 92.5% 89 rape root clone RRA12, AY687926 100 P+ sludge clone SBR1001, AF204252 P- sludge clone SBR2080, AF204251 P+ sludge clone GC24, AF204243 mine water clone I12, AY187895 100 93 denitrifying cholesterol-degrading bacterium 72Chol, Y09967 Sterolibacterium denitrificans, AJ306683 Kraftisried wwtp clone KRZ64, AY689092 Kraftisried wwtp clone KRZ70,
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
    University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 01 University of Plymouth Research Outputs University of Plymouth Research Outputs 2017-05-01 Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov., transfer of Thiobacillus (Beijerinck, 1904) from the Hydrogenophilales to the Nitrosomonadales, proposal of Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and four new families within the orders Nitrosomonadales and Rhodocyclales Boden, R http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/8740 10.1099/ijsem.0.001927 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly, 1995) as Annwoodia aquaesulis gen. nov., comb. nov. Transfer of Thiobacillus (Beijerinck, 1904) from the Hydrogenophilales to the Nitrosomonadales, proposal of Hydrogenophilalia class. nov. within the 'Proteobacteria', and 4 new families within the orders Nitrosomonadales and Rhodocyclales. --Manuscript Draft-- Manuscript Number: IJSEM-D-16-00980R2 Full Title: Reclassification of Thiobacillus aquaesulis (Wood & Kelly,
    [Show full text]
  • Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Perchlorate at the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant
    Jerald L. Schnoor Department of Civil and Gene F. Parkin Craig L. Just Environmental Benoit van Aken Joshua D.Shrout Engineering The University of Iowa 4112 Seamans Center Iowa City, IA 52242 Phone (319) 335-5649 Fax (319) 335-5660 Phytoremediation and Bioremediation of Perchlorate at the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant Final Report Submitted: May 2002 Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 2 General Background and Bioremediation Potential of Perchlorate ............................................. 2 Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils and Waters ................................................................. 4 Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Hybrid Poplar Trees ..................................................................................................................... 8 In Vivo Degradation Experiments ................................................................................................ 8 Production of Nodules.................................................................................................................. 9 In Vitro Degradation Experiments ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Bacterial Communities of Conventional and A-Stage
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparison of bacterial communities of conventional and A-stage activated sludge systems Received: 18 June 2015 Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez1, Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez2, Tommaso Lotti3, Maria- Accepted: 26 November 2015 Jesus Garcia-Ruiz1, Francisco Osorio1, Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez2 & Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht3 Published: 05 January 2016 The bacterial community structure of 10 different wastewater treatment systems and their influents has been investigated through pyrosequencing, yielding a total of 283486 reads. These bioreactors had different technological configurations: conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and very highly loaded A-stage systems. A-stage processes are proposed as the first step in an energy producing municipal wastewater treatment process. Pyrosequencing analysis indicated that bacterial community structure of all influents was similar. Also the bacterial community of all CAS bioreactors was similar. Bacterial community structure of A-stage bioreactors showed a more case-specific pattern. A core of genera was consistently found for all influents, all CAS bioreactors and all A-stage bioreactors, respectively, showing that different geographical locations in The Netherlands and Spain did not affect the functional bacterial communities in these technologies. The ecological roles of these bacteria were discussed. Influents and A-stage bioreactors shared several core genera, while none of these were shared with CAS bioreactors communities. This difference is thought to reside in the different operational conditions of the two technologies. This study shows that bacterial community structure of CAS and A-stage bioreactors are mostly driven by solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), as suggested by multivariate redundancy analysis. The activated sludge process is the most common treatment of wastewater at municipal and industrial wastewater treatment facilities1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Presence of Nitrate Dramatically Changed the Predominant Microbial
    Stepanov et al. BMC Microbiology 2014, 14:225 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/14/225 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The presence of nitrate dramatically changed the predominant microbial community in perchlorate degrading cultures under saline conditions Victor G Stepanov2†, Yeyuan Xiao1†, Quyen Tran2, Mark Rojas3, Richard C Willson2,4,5, Yuriy Fofanov3, George E Fox2,4 and Deborah J Roberts1* Abstract Background: Perchlorate contamination has been detected in both ground water and drinking water. An attractive treatment option is the use of ion-exchange to remove and concentrate perchlorate in brine. Biological treatment can subsequently remove the perchlorate from the brine. When nitrate is present, it will also be concentrated in the brine and must also be removed by biological treatment. The primary objective was to obtain an in-depth characterization of the microbial populations of two salt-tolerant cultures each of which is capable of metabolizing perchlorate. The cultures were derived from a single ancestral culture and have been maintained in the laboratory for more than 10 years. One culture was fed perchlorate only, while the other was fed both perchlorate and nitrate. Results: A metagenomic characterization was performed using Illumina DNA sequencing technology, and the 16S rDNA of several pure strains isolated from the mixed cultures were sequenced. In the absence of nitrate, members of the Rhodobacteraceae constituted the prevailing taxonomic group. Second in abundance were the Rhodocyclaceae. In the nitrate fed culture, the Rhodobacteraceae are essentially absent. They are replaced by a major expansion of the Rhodocyclaceae and the emergence of the Alteromonadaceae as a significant community member.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Communities in Activated Sludge Performing Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor Che Ok Jeon, Dae Sung Lee, Jong Moon Park*
    Water Research 37 (2003) 2195–2205 Microbial communities in activated sludge performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a sequencing batch reactor Che Ok Jeon, Dae Sung Lee, Jong Moon Park* Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Biotechnology Lab, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Kyoungbuk, South Korea Received 13 June 2002; received in revised form 25 October 2002; accepted 23 November 2002 Abstract Microbial communities ofactivated sludge in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with acetate as sole carbon source were analyzed to identify the microorganisms responsible for enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Various analytical methods were used such as electron microscopy, quinone, slot hybridization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. Electron photomicrographs showed that coccus-shaped microorganisms of about 1 mm diameter dominated the microbial communities ofthe activated sludge in the SBR, which had been operated for more than 18 months. These microorganisms contained polyphosphate granules and glycogen inclusions, which suggests that they are a type ofphosphorus-accumulating organism. Quinones, slot hybridization, and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses showed that the members ofthe Proteobacteria beta subclass were the most abundant species and were affiliated with the Rhodocyclus-like group. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two dominating clones ofthe beta subclass were closely related to the Rhodocyclus-like group. It was concluded that the coccus-shaped organisms related to the Rhodocyclus-like group within the Proteobacteria beta subclass were the most dominant species believed responsible for biological phosphorus removal in SBR operation with acetate. r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomics of Rhodocyclales and Its Distribution in Wastewater Treatment Systems Zhongjie Wang1, Wenqing Li2, Hao Li1, Wei Zheng1 & Feng Guo1*
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Phylogenomics of Rhodocyclales and its distribution in wastewater treatment systems Zhongjie Wang1, Wenqing Li2, Hao Li1, Wei Zheng1 & Feng Guo1* Rhodocyclales is an abundant bacterial order in wastewater treatment systems and putatively plays key roles in multiple functions. Its phylogenomics, prevalence of denitrifying genes in sub-lineages and distribution in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide have not been well characterized. In the present study, we collected 78 Rhodocyclales genomes, including 17 from type strains, non-type strains and genome bins contributed by this study. Phylogenomics indicated that the order could be divided into fve family-level lineages. With only a few exceptions (mostly in Rhodocyclaceae), nirS- containing genomes in this order usually contained the downstream genes of norB and nosZ. Multicopy of denitrifying genes occurred frequently and events of within-order horizontal transfer of denitrifying genes were phylogenetically deduced. The distribution of Rhodocyclaceae, Zoogloeaceae and Azonexaceae in global WWTPs were signifcantly governed by temperature, mixed liquor suspended solids, etc. Metagenomic survey showed that the order generally ranked at the top or second for diferent denitrifying genes in wastewater treatment systems. Our results provided comprehensive genomic insights into the phylogeny and features of denitrifying genes of Rhodocyclales. Its contribution to the denitrifying gene pool in WWTPs was proved. Activated sludge, which is a widely utilized biological process for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste- waters around the world for over a century1,2, relies on a complex consortium of microorganisms to remove pollutants and facilitate separation of focs and water3. A key functional microbial taxon in wastewater treatment systems is Rhodocyclales, which is dominant in activated sludge samples according to the relative abundance of 16S rRNA genes and hybridization approach4,5.
    [Show full text]