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Rio to Rio+20 : Saving the Nilgiri Mountains of South India

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Rio to Rio+20 : Saving the Nilgiri Mountains of South India RIO to RIO + 20 Saving the Nilgiri Mountains of South India Editor Dharmalingam Venugopal Nilgiri Documentation Centre Kotagiri,The Nilgiris 2012 Saving the Nilgiris 1 This book is a compilation of articles published in various dailies, journals and newsletters. All responsibility is Editor’s. Permission is required to reproduce any part of the book. Front Cover: Painting of Kalhatti Waterfalls by Richard Barron, c1830, with the permission of British Library. Back Cover: Editor in front of Sullivan Memorial with the permission of the Hindu. Published by Nilgiri Documentation Centre John Sullivan Memorial Kannerimukku Village, Kotagiri - 643 217 The Nilgiris Email: [email protected] Price: Conform Printed at: Colour Point, 26 , Sunkuvar Agraharam Street, Chennai - 600 002. Phone: 28551231 2 Saving the Nilgiris B. Vijayaraghavan, I.A.S., (Retd.) Snake Chennai - 22 Park Executive Chairman Logo Date: 07. 04. 2012 Foreword Among the 32 districts of Tamil Nadu, the Nilgiris occupies the 26th position in geographical extent and the 31st position in population. Notwithstanding these factors, the district has always engaged the special attention of governmental and non- governmental authorities and members of the public for various reasons. The location of the district in the Western Ghats, the salubrious climate, the scenic beauty, the performance of plantation and horticulture crops, the various species of mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies, herbs and trees, the large ethnic population of Badagas and Todas, the rich cultural heritage – all these have made the Nilgiris a fascinating subject for extensive studies. During the British times, persons like John Sullivan highlighted the many significant aspects of this region and made valuable contributions to make it well known. After the exit of the British, some work has been done by persons like Prof. Paul Hockings which has been documented. The Encyclopaedia of the Nilgiri Hills (vols. 1 & 2), edited by Prof. Hockings, published in the current year, is a comprehensive work. During recent decades, this interest in the Nilgiris has been kept alive by the Save Nilgiris Campaign under the dynamic leadership of persons like Mr. Dharmalingam Venugopal and Mr. B. J. Krishnan. This is a unique organisation,the kind of which no other district has. The present publication is a collection of writings relating to the district most of which have appeared in various journals and newspapers. Though, by no means, comprehensive, this is a good source for researchers and a pointer for the further studies necessary. Mr. Venugopal deserves our thanks for his deep commitment to the cause of the Nilgiris and all that it stands for. I wish him all success. Signature scan Chennai (B. Vijayaraghavan) 07. 04. 2012 Saving the Nilgiris 3 Save Acknowledgement Dr. K. C. Chakrabarty, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India for his support. Shri M. Narendra, Chairman and Managing Director and Management of Indian Overseas Bank for sponsoring my visit to Rio+20 conferences. British Council Chennai who have helped the campaign right through. The Hindu and Business Line who provided their esteemed columns for our campaign. Shri B. Vijayaraghavan, Director, Madras Snake Park for all his support and writing a Foreword for this book. Fellow campaigners who have supported me. Fellow IOBians who have helped me in several ways over the years. The sponsors who have supported this publication. Ganapathy Shanbhag for printing. Shrinivasan Sundararaghavan for typesetting and layout. R. A. Das for photo documenting most of the campaigns. 4 Saving the Nilgiris Preface The UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) is being held at Rio de th Janeiro, Brazil on June 20-22, 2012. It will mark the 20 anniversary of the Earth Summit, UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Intense campaigning and awareness created by governments and nongovernmental organizations in the past two decades have totally changed mankind’s view of economy, environment and development. Several unique spots in the world which were ravaged in the name of development have been saved. One such unique patch of green is The Nilgiri hills of south India. Between Rio and Rio+20 dedicated and determined campaigning by the natives combined with timely governmental intervention has brought about a remarkable recovery in the Nilgiris. But this is not enough. The Nilgiris deserves to be promoted as one of the premier mountains of India and one of the top tourist destinations of Asia. The Nilgiris has four unique ‘Ts’ to recommend itself for global recognition – Toda (tribes), Train (mountain train), Tahr (wildlife) and Tea (mountain economy). The Nilgiris is more than a tourist destination. Scientists classify the Nilgiris as a ‘Living Fossil’. Ecologists say the biodiversity of the Nilgiris is ‘found nowhere else in the world’. Anthropologists describe the Nilgiris as an ‘aboriginal enclave’. Geographers have listed the Nilgiris among the 400 natural wonders of the world. The Nilgiris is a treasure mountain. The waters of the Nilgiris irrigate lakhs of hectares of land in Coimbatore, Erode and wherever the river Cauvery flows. The towns of Coimbatore, Tirupur and Calicut are also fed by the Nilgiri waters. The hydro-electric power generated ingeniously on the hills is critical to Tamil Nadu. The naturally flavoured teas of Nilgiris delight millions of drinkers across the world. The ‘English vegetables’ of the Nilgiris tickle the palate of thousands of connoisseurs. The balmy weather and matchless greenery of the Nilgiris attract more than two million visitors every year. The famed schools of the Nilgiris have educated generations of good students. Saving the Nilgiris 5 This book chronicles the story of the ‘Save Nilgiris Campaign’ and how the Blue Mountains of south India were redeemed through the various articles published in leading national dailies, representations made to different stakeholders and papers presented at national and international seminars over the past nearly three decades. Most of these were written by me. Others were written jointly with fellow campaigners. None of us are qualified environmentalists. We are just natives of the Nilgiris. I have not edited any portion. I leave it to the readers to judge. For the sake of continuity I have placed the writings in a chronological order. There are some repetitions which are unavoidable. Dharmalingam Venugopal Founder – Coordinator, Save Nilgiris Campaign Honorary Director, Nilgiri Documentation Centre 6 Saving the Nilgiris Contents One Great Human Tragedy Compounding Another, May 1986 . 9 Tea is not an Unmixed Blessing, August 1986 . 12 A Vital Report for Nilgiris, October 1986 . 14 First Eco-Camp for Rural Students in the Nilgiris, November 1986 . 19 Eco Focus on Nilgiris, June 1987 . 22 Gudalur Janmam Forests: Not Nilgiris’ Cup of Tea, December 1987 . 26 The ‘Save Nilgiris’ Run, July 1988 . 33 Call for Strong People’s Movement, December 1988 . 37 Nilgiris vs Eucalyptus, December 1988 . 41 Reorienting HADP, December 1988 . 44 Degradation Despite Warning, February 1989 . 49 Ooty: The Legacy of a Civil Servant, May 1989 . 53 Save Nilgiris: A Guru’s Call, November 1989 . 58 Religion and Environment, November 1989 . 60 Nilgiris as ‘Protected Area’: Appeal to IUCN, November 1989 . 63 Success, Not a Victory, March 1990 . 65 The Nilgiris: The Brink, May 1990 . 68 Cinchona Vs Tea, November 1990 . 73 Aspects of Ecology in Nilgiri Cultural Tradition, August 1992 . 77 Hill Area Conservation Authority, December 1992 . 82 Eco Threat to Nilgiris, Government Swings into Action, December 1992 . 84 NGO Code of Environment Ethics and Conduct, April 1993 . 88 Landslides: Independent Assessments, June 1994 . 92 Kallarpallam Project Stopped, Feburary 1995 . 94 Green Hopes’95 , June 1995 . 107 Healing the Blue Hills, April 1996 . 108 Future of Tea in Nilgiris, May 2000 . 113 To the Blue Mountains, March 2002 . 115 Stairway to Heaven: Up the Blue Mountains, July 2002 . 119 Behind the Action, April 2003 . 122 Re-crowning the Queen of Hills, April 2003 . 126 Saving the Nilgiris 7 Mountain Development: Rapelling up the Chinese Way, December 2003 . 130 Mountains of Sustenance, January 2004 . 134 A Trail along the Nilgiris’ Past, February 2004 . 136 Chug along the Mountain Track, May 2004 . 140 Development - Conservation Dilemma in the Nilgiri Mountains, June 2004 . 143 How Green is My Moyar Valley, August 2004 . 152 Ode to a Mountain Train, December 2004 . 155 The Nilgiris: Rich Hydel History, July 2005 . 157 Giving Tribes and Tigers Their Dues, July 2005 . 159 Toy Train Chugs On, September 2005 . 161 Nilgiris: An Action Plan to Save the Hills, October 2005 . 164 Planning for Development with Conservation in Hill Areas/Stations: A Case Study of the Nilgiris, September 2005 . 167 A Cultural Crisis, April 2006 . 174 Realty Threat to the Hills, June 2007 . 176 When it was Neilgherry Hills, August 2007 . 178 Hill Potato: Remembering the Nilgiris Tuber, January 2008 . 181 Redeeming the Mountains, December 2009 . 183 International Climate Champions Camp, January 2010 . 185 Climate Anomaly and Adaptation in Nilgiris, January 2010 . 189 Conflict between Tourism and Tourist Resorts, September 2010 . 192 Bank Branches into a Tribal Hamlet, August 2011 . 194 Where Time Stands Still, September 2011 . 196 Blue Hills Gets Back Its Green, November 2011 . 198 8 Saving the Nilgiris One Great Human Tragedy Compounding Another Dharmalingam Venugopal SNC Newsletter, May 1986 The following appeal was presented to His Excellency, the Vice-President of India, Shri R. Venkataraman towards the end of May, 1986 at New Delhi. Permit us to bring to your kind attention a serious situation fast unfolding in the Nilgiris. The mounting threat to the beauty, environment and ecology of the Nilgiris over the years appears to have reached a stage of deep concern. It is no exaggeration to say that the unique hills are steadily being pushed towards disaster. The causes are many. But two stand out. One is the migration explosion and the other, rampant commercialization.
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