ZBOROVSKO PETJE: Pevski Zbori V Šentjurju
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UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA ODDELEK ZA ETNOLOGIJO IN KULTURNO ANTROPOLOGIJO TEJA PEPERKO ZBOROVSKO PETJE: Pevski zbori v Šentjurju Diplomsko delo Študijski program: Etnologija in kulturna antropologija Mentor: Rajko Muršič, red. prof. dr. Ljubljana, 2012 ZAHVALA Rada bi se zahvalila vsem sogovornikom, ki so si vzeli čas za pogovor in mi pomagali pridobiti vse potrebne informacije v zvezi z raziskovanimi pevskimi zbori in drugim kulturnim dogajanjem v Šentjurju. 2 IZVLEČEK ZBOROVSKO PETJE: PEVSKI ZBORI V ŠENTJURJU V začetnem delu avtorica predstavi, kaj je glasba, kako jo lahko razumemo kot del družbenih dejavnosti in v kakšne namene jo ljudje uporabljajo. Govori tudi o tem, kako glasba vpliva na posameznika in kakšen status posamezniku, ki ustvarja glasbo, pripisuje družba ter kakšnega skupini ustvarjalcev. Prav tako razloži pomen glasbenega vrednotenja pri razumevanju različnih glasbenih stilov. V drugem delu se posveti vokalni glasbi in še posebej zborovskemu petju. Pomen pevskih zborov na Slovenskem razloži skozi razvoj zborovstva od 19. stoletja dalje, kjer so največjo vlogo odigrali narodni buditelji. V zadnjem delu najprej predstavi kulturno dogajanje v Šentjurju in kako velik vpliv so na to imeli skladatelji Ipavci, kar se kaže še danes. Nato avtorica posamezno predstavi tri pevske zbore iz mesta Šentjur: Moški pevski zbor skladateljev Ipavcev, Ženski pevski zbor skladateljev Ipavcev in Mešani komorni zbor A Vista. Ti zbori imajo veliko skupnega, prav tako pa se v mnogih pogledih tudi zelo razlikujejo. Ravno to daje neko splošno sliko o pevskih zborih v Šentjurju, kako ti sovpadajo z lokalno skupnostjo in kako se zbori skozi čas spreminjajo. Tako predstavi pevske zbore kot posebne družbene skupine, prav tako pa se osredotoči na posameznega pevca in kaj udejstvovanje v zboru pomeni njemu. CHOIR SINGING: CHOIRS IN ŠENTJUR In the first part the author presents what is music, how it can be understood as a part of social activities and why people need it. She describes how music influences an individual and what kind of status society gives to a person who creates music or to a group of musicians. It also explains the meaning of evaluation of music for interpreting different musical styles. The second part is dedicated to vocal music, especially to choirs. The meaning of choirs in Slovenia is presented through their development in the nineteen century, when it was a part of the movement for raising national consciousness. In the last part of the text author presents cultural life in the town Šentjur, including the important influence of composers Ipavec. Their influence can still be seen today. Author further makes a presentation of three different choirs from Šentjur: Moški pevski zbor skladateljev Ipavcev, Ženski pevski zbor skladateljev Ipavcev and Mešani komorni zbor A Vista. These choirs have many things in common, but one can also spot several differences between them. These descriptions give a general picture about different choirs in 3 Šentjur, how they are an important part of local community and how with time they change. Author presents choirs as special social groups and focuses also on an individual singer and what singing in a choir means to him or her. Ključne besede: pevski zbori, Šentjur, družba, glasba. Key words: choirs, Šentjur, society, music. 4 KAZALO IZVLEČEK ................................................................................................................................................................ 3 KAZALO .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 UVOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 O GLASBI ................................................................................................................................................................ 9 KAJ JE GLASBA? ................................................................................................................................................... 9 GLASBENA DEJAVNOST ..................................................................................................................................... 10 NAMEN GLASBE ................................................................................................................................................ 12 O GLASBENEM USTVARJALCU .............................................................................................................................. 12 VPLIV GLASBE NA POSAMEZNIKA ...................................................................................................................... 12 GLASBENO VREDNOTENJE................................................................................................................................. 13 GLASBENI STATUS IN SKUPINA .......................................................................................................................... 16 O (ZBOROVSKEM) PETJU ...................................................................................................................................... 18 VOKALNA IN ZBOROVSKA GLASBA ..................................................................................................................... 18 ZBOROVSKO PETJE NA SLOVENSKEM ................................................................................................................. 19 O PEVSKIH ZBORIH V ŠENTJURJU.......................................................................................................................... 21 KULTURNO ŽIVLJENJE V ŠENTJURJU ................................................................................................................... 21 MOŠKI PEVSKI ZBOR SKLADATELJEV IPAVCEV ..................................................................................................... 25 NASTANEK IN RAZVOJ ZBORA ....................................................................................................................... 25 PEVCI ........................................................................................................................................................... 26 ORGANIZACIJA PEVSKEGA ZBORA ................................................................................................................. 28 VAJE IN REPERTOAR...................................................................................................................................... 29 NASTOPI IN TEKMOVANJA ............................................................................................................................ 30 ZUNANJE OBELEŽJE....................................................................................................................................... 31 MOŠKI PEVSKI ZBOR KOT POSEBNA DRUŽBENA SKUPINA .............................................................................. 32 SPREMEMBE SKOZI ČAS ................................................................................................................................ 34 MOTIVI IN VPLIV MOŠKEGA PEVSKEGA ZBORA NA POSAMEZNIKE ................................................................. 35 ŽENSKI PEVSKI ZBOR SKLADATELJEV IPAVCEV .................................................................................................... 36 NASTANEK IN RAZVOJ ZBORA ....................................................................................................................... 36 PEVKE ........................................................................................................................................................... 38 ORGANIZACIJA PEVSKEGA ZBORA ................................................................................................................. 39 VAJE IN REPERTOAR...................................................................................................................................... 40 NASTOPI IN TEKMOVANJA ............................................................................................................................ 42 ZUNANJE OBELEŽJE....................................................................................................................................... 44 ŽENSKI PEVSKI ZBOR KOT POSEBNA DRUŽBENA SKUPINA .............................................................................. 44 MOTIVI IN VPLIV ŽENSKEGA PEVSKEGA ZBORA NA POSAMEZNICE ................................................................. 46 MEŠANI KOMORNI ZBOR A VISTA ...................................................................................................................... 48 NASTANEK IN RAZVOJ PEVSKEGA ZBORA ...................................................................................................... 48 PEVCI ........................................................................................................................................................... 49 5 ORGANIZACIJA PEVSKEGA ZBORA ................................................................................................................. 51 VAJE IN REPERTOAR...................................................................................................................................... 52 NASTOPI ....................................................................................................................................................... 52 ZUNANJE