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Download Nov99leb.Pdf November 1999 Volume 68 Number 11 United States Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, DC 20535-0001 Louis J. Freeh Director Contributors' opinions and Features statements should not be considered an endorsement by the FBI for any policy, program, or service. The Attorney General has determined that the publication For this police department, the journey of this periodical is necessary in Law Enforcement Accreditation the transaction of the public By Robert J. Falzarano toward law enforcement professionalism business required by law. Use 1 began with accreditation. of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Problem–Solving Policing The implementation of problem-solving The FBI Law Enforcement By Loreen Wolfer, 9 policing can lower the level and fear of Bulletin (ISSN-0014-5688) is crime in the community. published monthly by the Thomas E. Baker, and Ralph Zezza Federal Bureau of Investigation, 935 Pennsylvania Avenue, Sweden no longer views violence N.W., Washington, D.C. Sweden’s Response to 20535-0001. Periodical postage Domestic Violence against women as the hushed-up crime paid at Washington, D.C., and 19 of the past but as a serious problem additional mailing offices. By Lars Nylén and Gun Heimer Postmaster: Send address affecting women’s health. changes to Editor, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, FBI Drug roadblocks should be designed to Academy, Madison Building, Drug Roadblocks Room 209, Quantico, VA 22135. By Kimberly A. Crawford satisfy Fourth Amendment requirements 27 and the scrutiny of a balancing test Editor developed by the Supreme Court. John E. Ott Managing Editor Kim Waggoner Associate Editors Glen Bartolomei Departments Cynthia L. Lewis Bunny S. Morris Art Director Brian K. Parnell Assistant Art Director 5 Bulletin Alert 15 Focus on Forensics Denise B. Smith Aspergillus Threat Scent Evidence Staff Assistant Linda W. Szumilo 6 Police Practice 25 Book Review Internet Address Mental Illness Stress Management [email protected] Cover photo © K.L. Morrison Send article submissions to Editor, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, FBI Academy, Madison Building, Room 209, Quantico, VA 22135. ISSN 0014-5688 USPS 383-310 Law Enforcement Accreditation One Department’s Experience By ROBERT J. FALZARANO Photo © George Godoy aw enforcement has be- Despite the critical and com- National Organization of Black come increasingly com- plex nature of police work, the pub- Law Enforcement Executives, the L plex. Officers regularly lic has had a difficult time rec- National Sheriffs’ Association, and deal with life and death issues and ognizing law enforcement as a the International Association of activities that involve the safety, se- profession, “a calling requiring spe- Chiefs of Police joined forces to curity, or welfare of the citizens cialized knowledge and often long develop a set of professional stan- they serve. Moreover, many of and intense academic preparation.”1 dards for law enforcement. Collec- these concerns leave officers and Accreditation represents perhaps tively known as the Commission on their agencies liable for their ac- the first step in establishing law en- Accreditation for Law Enforcement tions in use-of-force incidents, ve- forcement as a profession. Agencies (CALEA), the organiza- hicular pursuits, arrests, searches tion develops standards and admin- and seizures, disciplinary actions, BACKGROUND isters the accreditation process. A and more. These matters affect Twenty years ago, the Police staff of 21 commissioners manages agencies of all sizes and types. Executive Research Forum, the the process. Eleven commissioners November 1999 / 1 are law enforcement professionals; township home. Twenty-eight can obtain and increase the remaining 10 come from the sworn officers, 4 full-time civilian insurance more easily and public and private sector. The cur- dispatchers, 3 full-time secretaries, often have lower premiums. rent commission includes a county and 3 auxiliary police officers staff • fewer lawsuits and citizen supervisor, a city manager, a direc- the department, which received complaints, as well as the tor of corporate security, a college 27,531 calls for service and handled ability to better defend against professor, a district court justice, 14,490 incident reports in 1996. those they do face. With and a U.S. senator. In 1983, the chief began to look written policies and proce- Since 1983, CALEA has been for ways to improve the depart- dures and well-trained employ- enlisting agencies in a voluntary ac- ment’s delivery of professional ees, agencies not only handle creditation process that ensures a quality services to the community. situations more appropriately, standard of excellence while help- Like many law enforcement lead- but they also can document ing law enforcement agencies attain ers, the chief wondered if accredita- and defend themselves when professional status. Today, over tion would prove beneficial and problems do occur. 600 agencies have achieved ac- practical. Initially, at least, the pro- creditation,2 among them, the Long cess seemed almost incomprehen- • stricter accountability within Hill Township, New Jersey, Police sible. Further study revealed that the agency. The accreditation Department. accreditation holds many benefits process provides for written for departments that dedicate them- directives, sound training, THE LONG HILL selves to the task. clearly defined lines of author- TOWNSHIP EXPERIENCE ity, and routine reports that Long Hill Township, New Jer- The Benefits of Accreditation support decision making and sey, covers over 12 square miles at Accreditation provides a resource allocation. the southern end of Morris County. number of tangible benefits, • support from government It sits between two urban centers: including— officials, who gain confidence Newark and Plainfield. Approxi- • controlled liability insurance in the accredited agency’s mately 10,000 people call the costs. Accredited departments commitment to operating efficiently and meeting community needs, as well as its ability to do so. • increased community advo- cacy. For departments who “ Accreditation have not yet adopted commu- represents perhaps nity policing, the accreditation the first step in process provides a framework establishing law for the department to work with citizens to solve commu- enforcement as a 3 profession. nity problems. Finally, accreditation provides recognition for a department’s abil- ity to meet established standards. It represents the culmination of Chief Falzarano leads the Long Hill a long, but ultimately rewarding, Township, New Jersey, Police Department. ” process. 2 / FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin The Accreditation Process agency’s size, responsibilities, Township’s system comprises five Police leaders interested in functions, organizational structure, categories—rules and regulations, seeking accreditation should re- and management. policy and procedures, special or- solve two issues. First, are they pre- The application package also ders, department memorandums, pared to change? Depending on the includes the accreditation bible: the and training bulletins. These cat- agency, the procedural and admin- standards manual. The manual’s egories form the basis for 16 vol- istrative changes accreditation will nine topics address such areas umes of 175 policies and proce- bring may prove dramatic. Second, as the law enforcement role, re- dures, which contain a wide variety an agency must have the financial sponsibilities, and relationships; of information. For example, vol- and personnel resources needed to prisoner and court-related activi- ume 1 contains the department’s undergo the assessment and make ties; and auxiliary and technical rules and regulations, labor con- the required changes. With the sup- services. Forty chapters encompass tracts, and documentation on the port of their governing bodies, 436 standards that apply to promotion process, personnel agencies can budget for the cost specific operational, administra- evaluations, and inspection ser- of accreditation. Others may need tive, organizational, or fiscal areas. vices. Volume II holds the job de- to find creative ways to obtain scriptions for every position in the funding. agency. A cover sheet references The chief executive officer who the applicable CALEA standard. understands the type of impact that Does each department em- accreditation will have can begin by ...accreditation ployee need to memorize the infor- appointing a full-time accreditation holds many benefits mation contained in every manual? manager to oversee the process. A for departments Of course not. They do, however, large agency probably would need “that dedicate need to be familiar with the policies an accreditation staff. In Long Hill themselves to the and procedures that affect their Township, the chief, who was a work. Still, the accreditation pro- lieutenant at the time, served as the task. cess ensures that a department de- department’s first accreditation velops guidelines to cover every as- manager. Today, a captain handles pect of its operations. At the same the process. time, the directive system remains To begin, the accreditation Of course, all 436 standards would flexible. As new situations develop, manager contacts CALEA to re- not pertain to every agency. Agency the department can implement new quest a free information package. size and mission generally dictate procedures and add them to the ap- This basic information can help which
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