Adaptation of Resettled Rural Population Towards Urban Life In
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Adaptation of Resettled Rural Population towards Urban Life in Nanjing, China: from the Perspective of Resettled Residents by Pan Liu A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts in Planning Waterloo, Ontario, Canada,2018 © Pan Liu 2018 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract The large-scale and continuing land acquisition in China is playing a positive role in regards to the national economic development while resulting in a number of issues among resettled rural residents. For the resettled residents who are forced to move into the city, it contains not only geographical transformation, but also a profound process of adaptation towards the economic, physical and social environment. Therefore, it is essential for the government to act on the issue to maintain social justice, stability as well as sustainability. The goal of this research is to study the adaptation conditions for resettled farmers, issues faced, and possible solutions. A model derived from Du and Pan (2014)’s study, along with other literature was developed to collect data from two selected communities in Nanjing, China. Data from three perspectives, economic adaptation, environmental adaptation, and social adaptation were gathered with a structured survey, and researching findings were derived from principal component analysis and descriptive analysis. Recommendations towards the planning process on resettlement were also proposed, such as encouraging public participation and taking farmers’ opinions into considerations. Policy recommendations based on the results of influencing factors and choices of potential improvements are derived from the perspectives of the farmers, including a high demand for information on social resources and investment, green space for vegetation plantations, and sufficient and diverse compensation and social insurance. The limitations of this study include the small sample size, the resettlement time differences between the two communities, and the subjectivism towards the questions. For future studies, a larger sample with a longitudinal survey can be proposed to derive participants from more communities, and a more reasonable evaluation measurement of the adaptation level can be designed to minimize the subjectivisms of the answers. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Joe Qian, for his continued guidance of my thesis, and opportunities to learn during my years at the University of Waterloo. His expertise and feedbacks were inspiring and valuable for my research. I would also like to thank my committee member Dr. Laura Johnson, and Dr. Taiyang Zhong from Nanjing University, for his interest in my study, and his support on my data collection process in China. I also want to give special thanks to Dr. Pierre Filion for his comments towards my thesis, and for being my thesis reader. I would like to give my thanks and love to my parents and our dog Lucky, who have been through this whole process with me, giving me encouragement and comfort, and for always believing in me. And for all my friends, I am so grateful to have you around to keep me motivated, and for giving me the courage to fight against anxiety. You inspire me every day to be a better person and to cherish all the gifts given by life. And lastly, for all the dreamers, all the people who are fighting for a better future, I share this thesis with you. iv Table of Contents Author's Declaration ............................................................................................................ ii Abstract............................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1. 1 Urbanization and Resettled Rural Residents ..........................................................................1 1.2 Adaptation Conditions and Barriers .......................................................................................2 1.3 Study Purpose and Research Gap ...........................................................................................4 1.4 Goals and Objectives ...............................................................................................................6 1.5 Thesis Outline .........................................................................................................................8 Chapter 2. Literature review .............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Basic Concepts of Adaptation ................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Economic Adaptation Barriers and theories .......................................................................... 13 2.4 Environmental Adaptation Barriers and Theories ................................................................ 16 2.5 Social Adaptation Barriers and theories ................................................................................ 19 2.6 Importance of Studying from Farmers’ Perspectives ............................................................ 24 2.7 Theoretical Framework and Research Model........................................................................ 26 Chapter 3. The Planning Context ....................................................................................... 32 3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Research background ............................................................................................................ 32 3.3 Planning Strategies and Adaptation after Resettlement ........................................................ 34 3.3.1 A review of Policy Implementation .......................................................................................... 34 3.3.2 Policies on Economic Adaptation ............................................................................................. 36 3.3.3 Policies on Environmental Adaptation ...................................................................................... 37 3.3.4 Policies on Social Adaptation.................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 4. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 39 4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Case Study and Study Areas ................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Data Collections .................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 Data Analysis Process ............................................................................................................ 49 4.5 Research Ethics and the Role of the Researcher .................................................................... 51 4.6 Limitations and Potential Issues ............................................................................................ 53 Chapter 5 Research Findings and Discussions ................................................................... 55 5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 55 5.2 Quantitative Analysis ............................................................................................................ 56 v 5.2.1 Principal Component Analysis .................................................................................................. 56 5.2.2 Correlation Analysis .................................................................................................................. 61 5.3 Descriptive Analysis .............................................................................................................. 62 5.3.1 Demographic Analysis .............................................................................................................. 62 5.3.2 Economic and Employment Adaptation for Resettled Residents .............................................. 72 5.3.3 Environmental and Physical Adaptation for Resettled Residents ............................................. 78 5.2.4 Social Relationship, Attitude and Security Adaptation