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RAMSEY COUNTY For the Good of the Order: The Ad Man Becomes the “Senator from Ramsey” John Watson Milton A Publication of the Ramsey County Historical Society —page 13 Spring 2011 Volume 46, Number 1 “A Gentle, Kind Spirit Whose Life Was Art” Jean Sanborn Gross: Artist, Painter, and Printmaker Eileen R. McCormack, page 3 In February 1943 St. Paul artist and printmaker Jean Sanborn made the drypoint print Moto Perpetuo. The scene is the intersection of Selby and Western avenues in St. Paul. When she exhibited it later that year, it won a prize and is her most acclaimed print. Photo courtesy of Jennifer H. Gross. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Fam ham Founding Editor (1964-2006) Virginia Brainard Kunz Editor John M. Lindley Volume 46, Number 1 Spring 2011 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY THE MISSION STATEMENT OF THE RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON DECEMBER 20, 2007: Paul A. Verret The Ramsey County Historical Society inspires current and future generations President Cheryl Dickson to learn from and value their history by engaging in a diverse program First Vice President of presenting, publishing and preserving. W illiam Frels Second Vice President Julie Brady Secretary CONTENTS Carolyn J. Brusseau Treasurer 3 “A Gentle, Kind Spirit Whose Life Was Art” Thomas H. Boyd Immediate Past President Jean Sanborn Gross: Artist, Painter, and Printmaker Norlin Boyum, Anne Cowie, Nancy Randall Eileen R. McCormack Dana, Cheryl Dickson, Charlton Dietz, Joanne A. Englund, William Frels, Howard Guthmann, Richard Heydinger, John Holman, Kenneth R. 13 For the Good of the Order Johnson, Elizabeth M. Kiemat, Rev. Kevin M. The Ad Man Becomes the “Senator from Ramsey” McDonough, Nancy McKillips, Susan McNeely, Debra Mitts-Smith, Laurie M. Murphy, Richard H. John Watson Milton Nicholson, M arla Ordway, Jay Pfaender, Jeffrey Slack, Ralph Thrane, Richard Wilhoit. 27 Book Reviews Directors Emeriti W. Andrew Boss Publication of Ramsey County History is supported in part by a gift from Richard T. M urphy Sr. Clara M. Claussen and Frieda H. Claussen in memory of Henry H. Cowie Jr. EDITORIAL BOARD and by a contribution from the late Reuel D. Harmon Anne Cowie, chair, James B. Bell, Thomas H. Boyd, John Diers, John Milton, Debra Mitts-Smith, Laurie M. Murphy, Paul D. Nelson, Richard H. Nicholson, Jay Pfaender, David Riehle, G. Richard A Message from the Editorial Board Slade, Steve Trimble, Paul A. Verret, Mary Lethert Wingerd. rom etchings to booya, this issue showcases two Ramsey county residents who HONORARY ADVISORY BOARD Fenriched our community in different ways—one privately, and one in a very pub William Fallon, William Finney, George lic manner. Jean Sanborn Gross, the daughter of Helen and Judge John B. Sanborn Latimer, Joseph S. Micallef, Marvin J. Pertzik, Jam es Reagan, Rosalie E. Wahl. Jr., grew up with an aesthetic perspective that she nurtured by attending the St. Paul RAMSEY COUNTY COMMISSIONERS Gallery and School of Art, where she studied drawing and printmaking. Although her Commissioner Victoria Reinhardt, chair work was shown in other locations, her carefully-etched portraits of St. Paul show a Commissioner Tony Bennett sensitivity and awareness of the local world that she passed on to her children and Commissioner Toni Carter friends. Eileen McCormack’s portrait of Gross includes a description of her preferred Commissioner Jim McDonough Commissioner Rafael Ortega medium: drypoint etching. On the other hand, Nick Coleman, the former Minnesota Commissioner Jan Parker State Senate majority leader, enjoyed a long public career, starting with his first elec Commissioner Janice Rettman tion to the senate in 1962. His family and friends jumped in to produce an effec Julie Kleinschmidt, manager, tive grassroots campaign that included phone banks and lawn signs, which helped Ramsey County Coleman defeat another longtime, Irish-Catholic senator. John Milton’s article on Ramsey County History is published quarterly by the Ramsey County Historical Society, 323 Coleman furnishes a recipe for a time-honored political fundraising meal—booya! Landmark Center, 75 W. Fifth Street, S t Paul, MN Enjoy the stories. 55102 (651-222-0701). Printed in U.S.A. Copy Anne Cowie, right© 201 1, Ramsey County Historical Society. ISSN Number 0485-9758. All rights reserved. Chair, Editorial Board No part of this publication may be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission from the publisher. The Society The exhibit, programming, and article on Jean Sanborn Gross are supported by the assumes no responsibility for statements made by generous support of Jennifer H. Gross, with assistance from her brothers, John and contributors. Fax 651-223-8539; e-mail address: [email protected]; web site address: www.rchs.com Richard Gross. 2 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Books My Flag Grew Stars: December 1944. The cities of Sopron World War II Refugees ’ and Gyor, the homes of Olga Wagner My Flag and Tibor Zoltai, respectively, were and Journey to America Grew Stars are minor industrial towns in western Kitty Gogins Hungary, less than fifty miles apart.4 As BookSurge Publishing almost daily bombings of Sopron con [www.booksurge.com], 2009 tinued for months, “thousands of people 304 pages; $18.99 died in the bombing raids, and more and Reviewed by David Riehle more of the city was destroyed” (page 5). “A half year before the bombing ccording to movie-industry lore, raids began, the horrors of the war Afamed film director Otto Prem shifted from a tangential impact of inger, while attending a Hollywood Olga’s young life. .” On March 19, party, joined a conversation among a 1944, the Germans occupied Hungary group of fellow Hungarian movie fig and began deporting Jews to Auschwitz. ures such as, perhaps, Peter Lorre, Leaving her apartment on a summer Michael Curtiz, Paul Lukas, or George day, Olga was startled to see “German Cukor.1 Finding them speaking anima soldiers, armed with whips, shepherd a tedly in their mother tongue, Preminger line of bedraggled shuffling prisoners. told them reprovingly: “Come on . The prisoners each wore a yellow cloth we’re in America. So talk German.” star identifying them as Jews.. ” One Preminger’s point, if he had one, in March 1944.2 The Hungarian gov of them “she recognized as her favorite was perhaps the otherness of the ernment, an ally of Nazi Germany, had secondary school teacher... .A German Magyar people, speaking a non-Indo- been secretly discussing an armistice soldier near her teacher cracked his European language in Central Europe with the Allies, prompting the German whip. Biting leather ripped the surrounded by Slavic, Germanic, and invasion. But by September 1944, the teacher’s clothes and skin. The teacher Romance languages, cultures, and Soviet Red Army had crossed the bor edged back into line without even rais empires. And many, if not most of the ing her eyes. She trudged woodenly on der of Hungary, driving the Nazis back myriad European émigrés populating to the railroad station. Never to be seen toward Budapest. In December British Hollywood in mid-twentieth century again” (pages 13-15). and American warplanes began carpet- had worked for a time in German cin Between May 14 and July 8, 1944, bombing Hungarian cities. This Allied ema at Berlin’s giant UFA studios prior 437,402 Hungarian Jewish men, strategy targeted industrial centers in to the Nazi takeover in 1933. women, and children were transported After European boundaries had been order to destroy as many homes as to the Nazi death camp of Auschwitz- sliced and diced at Versailles following possible. Working-class housing areas Birkenau. It took 148 trains to carry World War I, the new Hungarian state were to be targeted because they had them. More than 90% of the Jews were emerged deprived of nearly two thirds a higher density and firestorms were gassed immediately upon arrival. Hitler, of its prewar territory and 30% of its more likely.3 having learned that Horthy planned to Magyar speakers. Following the extir In the midst of this juncture of delib sue for a separate peace with the Allies, pation of the five-month-old revolution erate and random catastrophe and mass installed the native Hungarian fascist ary Hungarian Soviet Republic by the murder the story of Ramsey County resi party, known as the Arrow Cross, in Romanian Army in 1919, the country dent, Kitty Gogins’ Hungarian-American power, with its leader, Ferenc Szalasi, came under the dictatorship of Admiral family story opens as her teenaged as prime minister. During this period, Miklos Hórthy, a regime lasting until the parents-to-be seek shelter from American Jews were terrorized by bands of Arrow occupation of Hungary by the Germans carpet-bombing in their native cities in Cross thugs who roamed Hungarian cit- 24 RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY ies beating, robbing, and killing. Olga’s these antifascist workers was we can areas. Many of them were lawyers, doc brother, Andy, came across dozens of only conjecture. It is certain that many tors, politicians, army officers, and edu dead Jewish bodies in the park near their were sent to the death camps or sum cators.5 The Zoltai and Wagner families home in the succeeding months. The marily executed. found a window of opportunity that they troops of the Red Army were not able to And as retreating Hungarian armed quickly seized to emigrate to Canada as liberate Budapest until the January 18, forces continued to battle the Soviet ad indentured agricultural workers, already 1945. As the battles raged, Arrow-Cross vance, and American warplanes made linked together by Olga and Tibor who pogromists murdered hundreds of de unending sorties over German-occupied had met each other in Austria, and were fenseless Jews every day.