by Sister Elizabeth Marie, C. S. J. $1.50

85 ACADEMY FOR A CENTURY SAINT JOSEPH'S ACADEMY ACADEMY for a Century

A History of Saint Joseph's Academy Located in Saint Paul, Minnesota

by SISTER ELIZABETH MARIE, C.S.J.

Illustrations by SISTER AVILA, C.S.J.

UBRARY OF ST. JOSEPH'S ACADEMY SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA

THE NORTH CENTRAL PUBLISHING COMPANY

ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA IMPRIMATUR 44 JOANNES GREGORIUS MURRAY Archiepiscopus Sancti Pauli Paulopoli die 7a Julii, 1951

Copyright 1951 by SAINT JOSEPH'S ACADEMY Dedicated to the Alumnae who have carried the spirit of the Academy to all parts of the world

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I wish to express my sincere thanks to His Excellency, the Most Reverend John Gregory Murray, S.T.D., for his careful reading of the manuscript, for the inspiring introduction which he wrote and for his imprimatur; to Mother Eucharista for per- mission to publish this history of Saint Joseph's Academy; to Mother Clara for her critical reading of it; to Sister Avila for the illustrations; to Sister DeChantal, Sister Febronia, Miss Clara Glenn and the Minnesota Historical Society for their helpful research; and to Sister Constance Marie for proof reading.

SISTER ELIZABETH MARIE, C.S.J. CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Forehistory . 5

CHAPTER I The Log School on Bench Street . 8

CHAPTER II

The Country School on Saint Anthony Hill . . 15

CHAPTER HI The Expanding School on Nelson Avenue . . 19

CHAPTER IV The Day School on Marshall Avenue . 28

CHAPTER V

The Complete Academy . 50

Appendix . . 81 ACADEMY FOR A CENTURY INTRODUCTION

IN THIS modest booklet the author gives the reader a glimpse of various events in the century-long life of the oldest Catholic educational institution in the Province of Saint Paul. The contribution made to the young women who have been pupils of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet is beyond estimation in human terms inasmuch as the goal set for them- selves by the teachers is the cultivation of the soul in the know- ledge, love and service of God and man. Both the learned and the unlearned, young and old, teacher and pupil have this com- mon purpose in fulfilment of the design of God in inviting all of us to become His companions in time and eternity. In the endeavor to attain this end the primary emphasis in the process is placed on the formation of character. Our ultimate achievement in the estimation of our fellowmen as well as in the judgment of God is determined by what we are rather than by what we know. These principles of educational activity have dominated the daily lives of the Sisters of Saint Joseph in the service given on the staff of Saint Joseph's Academy with the result that the alumnae in their daily lives are the most competent exponents of the culture which has enriched the life of the Church and of human society in the Northwest. The limitations that the Sisters had to face and the obstacles they endeavored to overcome went into the formation of char- acter of the religious themselves as well as into the development 3 of the wisdom and fortitude of their intellectual offspring. Felicitations and appreciation of the service given to the ad- vancement of the kingdom of Christ in the souls of all who have come under the influence of the Sisters come spontaneously from all who have had the opportunity to observe the fruits of a century. July eighth, 1951. JOHN GREGORY MURRAY, Archbishop of Saint Paul.

4 FOREHISTORY

FOUR CANONIZED saints and two very holy men had part in the first clothing of the Sisters of Saint Joseph which took place on the feast of Saint Teresa, October 15, 1650, in the chapel of a little orphan asylum of LePuy, in Velay, France, when several pious ladies who desired to unite the active and contemplative life became the nucleus of the Congregation. The Reverend Pierre Medaille, S. J., a famous missionary, while giving missions in various parts of France had met many young women who wished to be religious and, also, to exercise the works of charity; so he furnished the first postulants to the new institute and gave them their initial religious training. Hav- ing been brought up in the school of Saint Francis Regis, Father Medaille imitated his master by fostering pious confraternities of women. Msgr. Henry Couchon de Maupas du Tour, Bishop of Puy, gave the habit to this first group, called them Sisters of Saint Joseph, approved of their plan of combining the active and contemplative life, and with Father Medaille, formu- lated their first rules. The in- spiration of de Maupas' work was Saint Vincent de Paul who trained him to see the need of works of charity. The idea of religious women com- bining the active and con- 5 templative life originated with Saint Francis de Sales whose wish was frus- trated in his effort to extend the founda- tions of the Visitandines but was ful- filled by the Sisters of Saint Joseph. Saint Ignatius Loyola had his part in this foundation in that some of the rules were drawn from his constitutions. Louis XIV having confirmed by letters patent the first estab- lishments of the Congregation in Velay, the Sisters were asked for by Bishops in many dioceses in France. During the French Revolution their houses were pillaged, their records destroyed and many of the religious were thrown into prison. In 1793, Sister St. Julien Gamier and Sister Alexis Payrad suffered death for their faith. On June 16, 1794, Sister Anne Marie Gamier and Sister Marie Aubert were guillotined in a town of the Department of Haute-Loire. At Privas, August 5, 1794, Mother Ste. Croix Vincent, Sister Madeleine Senovert and Sister Marie Toussaint Demoulin were, also, executed. When the Church began to revive in France, the religious crept from their hiding places. Mother St. John Fontbonne, formerly superior of the house at Monistrol, who had been imprisoned at St. Didier, who had escaped by the fall of Robe- spierre and had been since living with her parents, became the foundress of the reunited Sisters of Saint Joseph. Of the reconstructed communities of Saint Joseph, one of those destined to greatest development was that of Lyons. It was from this house under the generalship of Mother St. John that the first six Sisters were sent to the United States in 1836. They made their first permanent settlement in America at Carondelet, Missouri, thus giving these Sisters of St. Joseph their title "of Carondelet." They had come at the request of Msgr. Joseph Rosati, first Bishop of Saint Louis, and at the pressing request 6 of the Countess de la Rochejaquelin, who having learned from the Propagation of the Faith of the great need of missions among the Indians and among the white settlers, gave her jewels to finance the expedition. From this foundation, numerous houses were established. The Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet now has five provinces: Saint Louis, Missouri; St. Paul, Minnesota; Troy, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Augusta, Geor- gia; with about 3500 religious engaged mainly in education and hospital work.

7 I. THE LOG SCHOOL on Bench Street, 1851-1863

ON THE NIGHT of November 2, 1851, the steamboat, Saint Paul, brought to the frontier village of that same name four Sisters of Saint Joseph. Six days earlier they had left Carondelet, Mis- souri, sent by Mother Celestine Pommerel who believed she was founding an Indian mission. They had arrived at the request of the Right Reverend Joseph Cretin, first Bishop of St. Paul, who had become acquainted with the work of the Sisters of Saint Joseph many years before when he was a young priest in the parish of Ferney, France. The four Sisters were Mother St. John Fournier and Sister Philomene Villaine who had come from France; Sister Scholastica Velasquez, a French and Spanish Creole; and Sister Francis Joseph Ivory whose home was in Loretto, Pennsylvania. At ten o'clock on the morning of November 3 when a French cleric came to conduct them to the home of Madame Eulalie Turpin, who was to give them hospitality for the day, they stepped from the boat into a small village of wigwams and log huts, surrounded by snow- covered bluffs and hugging 1-1.11 the edge of a river filled with floating ice — into a popula- tion of something over a thou- sand souls, mainly half-breed Indians and French-Cana- dians, with a sprinkling of Irish and Swiss. By evening _ their convent, which had pre- 8 viously been the Bishop's home and after that a seminary, was ready for them. It was a log shanty one and one-half stories high facing the river. It had two rooms on the ground floor — par- lor and refectory, an attic for a dormitory, and an annex which served as a kitchen. On Monday morning, one week after their arrival, the Sisters opened a school dedicated to Saint Joseph in the vestry of what had been Saint Paul's first Cathedral. It was a log church (located a little to the right of the convent) built by Father Lucien Galtier in 1841 of tamarack logs, and roofed with bark- covered slabs brought from Stillwater. School opened in the vestry of the church with two teachers — Sister Francis Joseph for English and Sister Philomene for French — and fourteen pupils. The first pupil registered was Lizzie Cox, who later became Mrs. E. L. Hannigan of Duluth. The first boarders were Mary Fridley, daughter of Major Fridley of the Indian Agency whose acquaintance the Sisters had made on the boat; and Martha Rice, a niece of the Honorable H. M. Rice. As there was no room for boarders in the convent, Mr. Rice fitted up a log cabin near the convent as a dormitory. Other pupils registered that first day were: Ludmille Auge (Sister Mary Columba), Mary T. Mehegan (Mrs. J. J. Hill), Margaret Lytle (Mrs. C. Poirer), Emily Vital, Philomene Auge (Sister Mary Bernarda), Vitaline Dufor, and Caroline Cazeau. That winter the Sisters faced all the hardships of pioneer life — they chopped their own wood; they carried water across Third Street from the one well in the community; they slept on blankets spread on hay; they knew hunger; they felt the wind blow through their poorly built convent; and when they went out they braved great drifts of snow for there were no sidewalks

9 for travel. Minnesota, once an Indian camping ground, still bore remnants of that primitive life. Few farms were in flourish- ing condition. Trading seemed to be a major occupation. There were no public conveyances for winter use. The sole opening to the settlements below Saint Paul was by way of the Mississippi River. It was frozen during much of the winter and travelling on ice was dangerous because of attacks by wolves. From Novem- ber to May the settlers were practically cut off from outside com- munication. The nearest place to procure provisions of the needed kind was Dubuque, Iowa, two hundred and fifty miles distant. It was in these surroundings that the Dominican Mis- sionary of the North, Father Samuel Charles Mazzuchelli, paid the Sisters of St. Joseph a passing visit and welcomed them to their new field. Toward the end of May the Sisters with all the rest of the city met the first steamboat to come from the South after the ice had broken. Everything looked bright now. Sister Francis Joseph wrote in her diary: "The spring was charming. The prairies were in full bloom, wild ducks were plentiful on the rivers and lakes, and settlers were coming in from all quarters." That summer the Academy had its first picnic; Sisters and pupils were driven by teams out to the farm of Mr. Eugene Larpenteur (Kitsondale). Delicious strawberries and real cream were the big treat of the day. Recalling after fifty years the impression made on him as a little boy, Archbishop Ireland said of the dwellers in this rude little convent: "Never since, amid all the stately and renowned convents that I have seen in my travels, did I feel myself confronted with visions of life so beauteous, so super- 10 natural, as when my eyes rested on the early Sisters of Saint Paul." Although the entire log cha- pel had been taken over for classes in the spring, it was not adequate to care for the ever- increasing enrollment. A two- story brick building was ready for use in September, 1852. The lower floor housed two large airy classrooms; the upper served as a sleeping room for the boarders. Sister Xavier succeeded Sister Francis Joseph as directress of the newly-housed Acad- emy. She, with Sister Cesarine, had come from Saint Louis dur- ing the summer. That summer, also, saw the first visit of Mother Celestine to her "dear Indian mission" as she still thought of the northern convent. When she returned to Saint Louis, she took Sister Francis Joseph and left Sister Appolonia. The log church no longer needed for classrooms became the Sisters' chapel. Although the Blessed Sacrament was reserved there, the Sisters were obliged to walk over to the Cathedral on Wabasha and Sixth for daily Mass. Later (1854) during the cholera epidemic the Sisters turned the log church into a tem- porary hospital. It was torn down about 1858, and, if the plans of the Most Reverend Thomas L. Grace had materialized, it would have been rebuilt on the present site of the Academy. The logs were removed there, but were accidentally burned by work- men about the place who did not know their historic value. Today the original location of the log church is marked by two bronze plaques on op- posite sides of a large boulder set on Kellogg Boulevard, halfway between Cedar and Minnesota Streets. 11 The year 1853 saw the appointment of Sister Seraphine Coughlin as superior. She was a native of New York and as she had been mistress of novices in Saint Louis for a short time, she was known to the Sisters in Saint Paul. The opening of a convent in Saint Anthony Falls (East Minneapolis) — the first branch from the Academy — and the arrival of Sister Victorine Schulz, long remembered for her talent in music and her lovely voice, were also events of 1853. By this time a hospital had been com- pleted on Exchange Street and given into the care of the Sisters of Saint Joseph. As it was more commodious than the Academy (even though the Academy had been enlarged in 1854) the novitiate was transferred to the hospital and Mother Seraphine appointed superior of both places. The parochial school, in Saint Paul, saw its beginning in 1855 in the establishment of a free school for girls with a teacher supplied from the Academy. Sister Margaret Sinsal- meyer, a nun from Saint Louis, taught the classes in one of the small brick buildings on the hospital grounds. Later the school was transferred to the basement of the Cathedral and assumed the name Cathedral School. It was open to both boys and girls. The Academy's first graduates to enter the order were Ellen Ireland and Ellen Howard who together received the habit in the Novitiate Chapel on December 8, 1858, becoming respec- tively, Sister Seraphine and Sister Celestine. Saint Paul was beginning to supply its own field with teachers, and the Academy that has given one hundred and fifty-three of its pupils to the Sisters of St. Joseph and forty-six to twenty other different re- r ligious orders had made a noble beginning. 12 Almost the first act of Bishop Grace after his installation in July, 1859, was in the interests of Saint Joseph's Academy. Appreciating the crowded condition of Sisters and pupils in the seven-year old shanty-clustered brick building and seeing that the hospital had more room than it needed, he moved the Academy into the hospital and transferred patients to the school building on Bench Street. The hospital was the Academy's third home. The years spent there were years of growth and encouragement for the school. The enrollment reached fifty-six — forty day pupils and sixteen boarders. Perhaps the most picturesque among them were the two daughters of a Sioux chieftain, Hole-in-the-Day, who were a source of much anxiety to teachers and pupils during the Sioux uprising in 1862. Bishop Grace conducted oral examinations quarterly in the presence of parents and friends gathered in the study hall and distributed crowns of flowers at the commencement exercises held on the lawn in front of the school. Sister Seraphine Ireland was in charge of the school at this location. She had been pre- ceded by Sisters Margaret, Presentation, and Agnes. In the novitiate during this period were Sisters Agnes Veron- ica Williams, Aloysius Shelly, Mary Pius Sexton, Columba Auge, Aurelia Bracken, Josephine Gleason, Scholastica Dug- gan, and Mary Austin Egan — nearly all of whom were the Sisters' own pupils. The stay at the hospital was, however, temporary. In 1860 a new site for the Academy had A +12 been purchased on Saint Anthony Hill in what was then the out- skirts of the city. For three year this ground had been used as a cemetery; then property in the Como area was purchased and the bodies, removed there. In 13 1861 the foundation of the new buildings was laid and on the last day of July, 1863, the Academy was moved to the location it has since kept.

14 II. THE COUNTRY SCHOOL on Saint Anthony Hill, 1863-1882

THE NEW building on Saint Anthony Hill (the southwest section of the present Academy) was a yellow limestone structure three and one-half stories high. With parlors and a combination library-music room on the first floor, chapel and class rooms on the second floor, and dormitories on the third, it was considered large enough to house both the school and novitiate for many years. So far from the fastly spreading city was it located that it was hardly accessible to day pupils until about 1868; so it served mainly as a country school for boarders of which there were about twenty at this time. When the Academy opened in 1863 it was staffed with three teachers, which number was gradually increased. The earliest mention of a uniform gives the Sunday require- ments for boarders as follows: "For summer, a black dress with white waist; hat or bonnet trimmed with white. For winter, a black dress and cloak; hat or bonnet trimmed with crimson. No particular dress is required for school days." It was desired that every young lady provide herself with the following: black aprons, two veils, all facilities for sewing; a silver goblet and postage stamps. Careful, even strict discipline was enforced regarding the con- duct of the young ladies. As the Academy was principally a 15 boarding school at this time, reg- ulations regarding visits were most rigid. The Christmas holi- days were the first break in the school year. Except for Sunday afternoon walks accompanied by the Sisters, the outside world was unvisited. These walks were through the more secluded parts of the city. Occasionally if Sister did not know the way, one of the girls would lead, these times into the more thickly populated districts. Evidence of the healthful locality and sanitary arrangements of the school is attested to by Dr. D. W. Hand, president of the State Board of Health, whose recommendation is found in several annual catalogues of the 1860's. On June 14, 1867, the Academy was incorporated under the title of Saint Joseph's Female Academy of the City of Saint Paul. The growth of the period is shown by the facts that in 1871 an addition was erected for the community (present music wing) and in 1877 a wing to contain class rooms and living quarters for the pupils was deemed necessary. This addition is the present center section facing Marshall Avenue. By 1875 the classes were organized as: Graduating Class and Second Class; Intermediate, First and Second Class; and a Junior Division. The course of study embraced religious instruc- tion, orthography, reading, writing, grammar, geography, epis- tolary correspondence, sacred and profane history, astronomy, rhetoric, etymology, botany, intellectual and natural philosophy, chemistry, bookkeeping, French, German, and Latin languages; music on the pianoforte, melodeon and guitar; vocal music, drawing, painting in oil, water colors, and pastels; plain and ornamental needlework, tapestry, embroidery, hair and lace 16 work; jewel arrasene, and the making of artificial flowers and fruit. It was, also, at this period that gold medals were awarded for the first time. The one graduate of 1875 received a medal. Other awards that could be merited by diligent young ladies included work boxes given for excellence in darning and mending and gold and silver thimbles given for plain sewing. This custom of conferring gold medals on each graduate ended in 1923; gold medals as special awards were continued until 1924. Although the year 1876 marked the twenty-fifth year in the history of the Academy, no mention is made anywhere of a celebration. Per- haps the Sisters were not conscious of having achieved anything worthwhile; perhaps they were too busy making history to pause to note its passing. The enrollment by the fall of 1878 reached one hundred eleven of which sixty-three were boarders. One of the dreaded ordeals of the year was the oral exami- nations held after the Christmas holidays. These were presided over by the Bishop, assisting priests, and the Sisters. The victims spent anxious and weary hours preceding the testing program. Just how much actual value resulted is difficult to conjecture. Perhaps endurance and long-suffering were examined as well as intellectual achievement. After the Easter holidays each year, diligent attention was given to the "Exhibition" held at the close of the school term. A rather elaborate program was prepared in keeping with the advance made in numbers of pupils and enlarged buildings. It was customary to hold the closing exercises out of doors. When this was not done, the study hall became the scene of the final display. From the pages of the catalogs of the 1870's and 1880's given over to the awards following the program, one gleans that the emulation fostered had its desired results. At the twenty-ninth annual graduation exercises which were 17 held in late June, two graduates received diplomas and gold medals from Bishop Grace. The young women wore white gowns and carried small bouquets. To continue the tradition of holding the closing exercises out of doors, , a temporary theater was erected in the Academy yard. The program consisted of choruses, read- ings, a short dramatic production, and the valedictory and salu- tatory addresses. Laurel crowns and honor awards for excellence in deportment and scholarship were conferred on the pupils of all grades. It was at this time that the Academy came into possession of a very precious relic — the entire body of Saint Irenaeus, who was martyred in Rome under Valerian. The body had been taken from the Catacombs at the beginning of the 19th century by order of Pius VII and given to Count Nicolas Savorelli. It was secured by Reverend Mother Agatha Guthrie (together with many other relics) in 1878 when she was in Rome. She received the relics from a descendant of the Savorelli family through the assistance of the Reverend Pietro Marchionni, Apostolic Mis- sionary and friend of the Savorelli family. The relics of Saint Irenaeus reached Saint Paul in the late summer of 1879 and were placed under the main altar with due ceremony on the afternoon of March 19, 1880. By 1882 the Academy could count 163 pupils of whom one- half were in residence. Twelve states scattered all over the country had sent pupils to the Academy. Sisters Clara Carr, St. John Ireland and Celestine Howard had succeeded each other as directresses of the Academy from 1863 to 1884.

18 III. THE EXPANDING SCHOOL on Nelson Avenue, 1882 -1905

IN 1882 MOTHER SERAPHINE IRELAND began her long period of service to the Saint Paul Province as its eighth Provincial Superior. Mother Seraphine was Ellen Ireland, one of the first pupils of the Sisters of Saint Joseph in Saint Paul and one of the first graduates to enter the Congregation. Her girlhood in America was spent under their tutelage; the years of her woman- hood were consecrated whole-heartedly to the service of God in their community. She was born in Burnchurch, County Kilkenny, Ireland, 1842, the child of Richard Ireland and Judith Naughton Ire- land. On May 20, 1852 with her mother, three sisters, and one brother, she arrived in Saint Paul by boat, to join their father who had left Ireland for America in 1845. John Ireland, her brother, who came on this journey, was afterwards to become Saint Paul's first archbishop, life-long friend of the Sisters of Saint Joseph, and patron of Saint Joseph's Academy. In September of 1852 Ellen, now ten years old, enrolled at Saint Joseph's Academy and was graduated in one of its earliest graduating classes in 1858. On December 8 of the same year she received the habit of the Sisters of Saint Joseph from the hands of the Right Reverend Monsignor Augustine Ravoux, pioneer missionary of Minnesota and administrator of the dio- cese. There were twelve Sisters in the community at that time. Sister Seraphine was appointed directress of the Academy in 19 1861. After an absence of seven years spent in St. Louis, she returned to the Academy as Provincial Assistant and left it in 1870. It again became her home in 1882 with her appointment to the office of Provincial Superior. It remained her home and the center of her courageous and unstinted activity during the thirty-nine years of her provincialate, and after that until her death on June 20, 1930. Up to 1884 the Academy enjoyed a gradual increase in pupils each year. In 1884-85 the high-point seemed to be reached re- garding enrollment. This was probably due to the improvements made both in Saint Paul, the Academy itself, and a general tenor of prosperity in the Northwest. Streetcars from the Union Depot direct to Saint Anthony Hill made the Academy very accessible. The buildings were now steam-heated and the course of study altered since a decade previous. A full Academic Course was offered as well as lessons in music and drawing. Domestic economy was taught. A laboratory with necessary equipment and a stove and utensils of a size generally used in private families were available. A slight raise in the terms indicates that possibly money was not difficult to collect, or that the cost of living had increased. The east wing was completed in 1884 to comply with the needs of additional pupils and can- didates for the Sisterhood. September 30 of 1887 held a red letter day for Academy faculty and pupils when His Eminence, James Cardinal Gib- bons, the newly created prince of the Church in America, paid a visit to the school. In the study hall decorated with Minnesota's colorful autumn foliage, a student orchestra performed for this noted guest. An original welcome song was sung and an ad- 20 dress was read by one of the pupils which closed in this fashion: "Among the schools of the land, St. Joseph's Academy is lowly and young; but it has the vigor of youth, and it has hopes that are bounded only by the glorious future that opens before it. We would not raise a smile at our native western boastfulness, but knowing the deep interest Your Eminence takes in Catholic Education, we bespeak your kind wishes and beg your blessing on our school that it may be ever true to its high mission and may grow apace with the See of St. Paul on which, we trust, a new honor will soon descend. We rejoice that the bond which unites to the Parent Church of America its most vigorous North- western offshoot, is strengthened by the personal friendship which the eminent Cardinal Archbishop of Baltimore bestows on our beloved Bishop of St. Paul. "Today by the presence of a Prince of the Church beneath this roof are eclipsed all the past glories of this house. The pupils of '87 shall deem it an honor all their lives to be able to say: we were of those who welcomed to St. Joseph's Academy the great American Cardinal, we looked on his kindly face, we received his paternal blessing!" From 1884 until 1895 Sister St. Rose was the principal of the school. As a child she had come with her family from New Brunswick, Canada, to Stillwater, Minnesota, where she grew up and became a teacher in the public schools. In 1876 she entered the Novitiate of the Sisters of St. Joseph in St. Paul and very soon became a teacher at the Academy. After eleven years of principalship Sister St. Rose became Provincial Assistant, and later the ninth Provincial of the St. Paul Province. She died in 1933. Within the next decade, 1890-1900, however, a decided change was made manifest. A noticeable decline in the number of boarders is recorded in the catalog of 1889-1890. This in large part was due to crop failures through various causes: a 21 grasshopper menace, other insect blights, and unfavorable weather conditions. As the farmer suf- fered, so did Saint Joseph's Aca- demy. The early 1890's found A li it experiencing serious reverses of fortune. Perhaps because of the business depression of the '90's a change in curriculum was introduced. Stenography and typing were added to the bookkeeping course. This, no doubt, attracted those desirous of a more practical type of education than the college preparatory course offered. This initial introduction of a commercial department expanded with the growing demands, and instead of changing the original aim of the school, only emphasized one phase of its object: to educate its pupils in a "thorough and practical manner" in order better to prepare them "for positions in life to which they may aspire." The year 1893 saw the beginning of a kindergarten at the Academy. It was housed in the small boarders' playroom (now part of the locker rooms). Little boys and girls between the ages of four and six were enrolled. Sister Francesca, who was in charge, went each morning in a black bus drawn by a horse to the homes of the pupils in the vicinity of Summit Avenue to get the pupils. In the afternoon she took them home in the same way. She taught them reading, spelling and numbers. At noon they were served a hot plate luncheon for ten cents. This ar- rangement held until 1901. In 1904 the kindergarten reopened as part of the primary department and was housed in the annex (the building which was formerly a stable) which had been converted into a two-story classroom. No boys were enrolled at this time. In the form of a primary department this continued along with the rest of the grade school until 1926 when the grow- ing high school made it necessary to close the entire grade de- 22 partment. The grade school had 103 pupils at the time of its closing. Under the direction of Sister Hyacinth, (1895-1904) some necessary changes were brought about. The course of study after 1897 showed that the school contained two divisions, elementary and academic. The latter offered a classical course; an English scientific course, in which sciences were stressed; stenography and typewriting; art, music, and plain and fancy sewing. These courses ran through a four year period very similar to present day schedules. Instruction in religion was, of course, a regular part of the curriculum, diocesan priests assisting in that depart- ment. Longest in length of service were the terms of Monsignor Humphrey Moynihan and Father Lawrence Ryan. Studies were supplemented frequently with lectures and with dramatic and music recitals by widely known men and women. The Academy was accredited by the University of Minnesota in 1899 and has kept the affiliation continuously since that date. The first inspec- tion, prior to this affiliation, was made by Mrs. Frances Potter, Professor of English at the University of Minnesota. Mrs. Potter's first acquaintance with nuns and her first glance at con- vent life date from this visit which she always referred to as one of the happiest experiences of her life. The brief period of decrease in numbers passed, and the school showed every aspect of advancement both in numbers and merit. One can turn back the pages of time a half century and see that which reads like a present-day curriculum. "Cur- rent Topics" classes were held weekly; special lectures in "How to Study", "What to Study", and "The Use to Make of Study", were offered quarterly by the Reverend J. T. Harrison, an as- sociate member of the faculty. A course in "Psychology" is listed in the catalogue of 1898, given in a series of lectures by the Reverend Thomas E. Shields, a well-known pedagogue among Catholic groups. 23 The music department of the Academy for many years was under the personal direction of Professor William Mentor Cross of Leipzig-Berlin, a man especially skilled in pianoforte; the violin instruction was under the supervision of Herr Emil Straka of Saint Paul; the vocal department was entrusted to Professor D. F. Colville of Saint Paul. Guest artists came at times for recitals, among them Madame Cecile Chaminade in 1902 from France, the foremost woman composer of her day, who gave a piano recital of her own compositions. It was during a summer at this time that Madame Schumann Heink, being in the city on a concert tour, came to the Academy and gave an inspiring recital for the Sisters gratis. An additional feature of the school was a post-graduate course begun in 1898, which provided for continuation in the arts, sciences, and business courses for those desirous of addi- tional work along those lines. This course was discontinued in 1905. At the call of Sister Hyacinth, eighty-three graduates (of the one hundred forty-three who had been graduated up to this time) met in the Academy parlors on June 22, 1901, to organize St. Joseph's Academy Alumnae Association. At this initial meeting a constitution was adopted and officers were elected. Miss Mary Cramsie of the class of '58 was elected first president of the asso- ciation. In inaugurating the proceedings she said: "These are the days of clubs and associations. In union there is strength. Clubs are formed for aggressive, progressive, and social purposes. Our aim is scarcely aggressive — whether progressive, remains to be seen — it is social to begin with. We hope to promote love for our Alma Mater, for its teachers, for one another, and to cherish the memories of the past." 24 A banquet in the refectory followed the meeting during which St. Agatha's orchestra played. Father Harrison, chaplain of the Academy, had the place of honor. After the banquet, all had the pleasure of hearing an address in the study hall by Archbishop Ireland who chose for his subject "Convent-bred Women". He urged the members to continue their studies after graduation so as to become a force in the intellectual world. Benediction in the chapel closed the day. Perhaps the event which claimed longest remembrance in the minds of Sisters and students was the celebration of the Golden Jubilee of the foundation in 1902. The semi-centennial anniversary opened on August 2, with Pontifical Mass in the Academy Chapel in the new box-like frame building jutting out into the back yard which had been built in 1900 to house the chapel and novitiate. Archbishop Ireland, Archbishop Keane of Dubuque, Bishop McGolrick of Duluth, Bishop Chatron of Japan, a classmate of Archbishop Ireland's in France, Bishop- elect Stariha of South Dakota, and over one hundred other mem- bers of the clergy were present. Bishop J. B. Cotter of Winona, the celebrant, was assisted by Father Lawler and Father Gib- bons. With the Sisters of Saint Joseph in the chapel were religious of other orders who rejoiced with them in the comple- tion of a half century of labor in the Archdiocese — Little Sisters of the Poor, Gray Nuns, Dominicans, Sisters of the Good Shepherd, and Sisters of Notre Dame. Archbishop Ireland de- livered the sermon. He sketched briefly the history of the Congregation in Saint Paul. "As he reverently pronounced the names of Sisters St. John Fournier, Sister Philomene Villaine, Sister Scholastica Velasquez, and Sister Francis Joseph Ivory," says a contemporary newspaper account, "the congregation bowed their heads, and tears came to the eyes of the older Sisters who had known the four whose arrival in Saint Paul was being commemorated." Among those in the chapel was A. L. 25 t Larpenteur. He had seen the Sisters the morning I they landed from the boat in 1851. The Archbishop exhorted the Sisters to continue their work, and he took occasion to encourage them in the work of founding an institution for the higher education of women. The College of Saint Catherine opening in 1905 was to be the realization of that plan. The second day of the Jubilee celebration, August 3, was pupils' day, and on the third, August 4, Solemn Requiem Mass was sung for the deceased Sisters of the Province, who at that time numbered sixty-five. On the second day of the Jubi- lee, three hundred alumnae attended the Pontifical Mass of Bishop Chatron and heard the sermon of Bishop Cotter in which he said: "The annals of a religious community on the outposts of civilization must tell of many heartaches as well as many triumphs, but it is a satisfaction to review those of the Order of St. Joseph, for in fifty years they reveal steady progress and matchless brilliancy." After the Mass a reception was held in the large drawing room at the east end of the Academy at which the alumnae were presented to Mother Seraphine who in turn presented them to Reverend Mother Agatha from St. Louis. Among the early pupils present were: Miss Mary Cramsie, Mrs. J. H. Donahue, Mrs. J. D. O'Brien, Mrs. W. J. Harrison, Mrs. Morgan, Mrs. Dwyer, Mrs. C. S. Gervais, Mrs. J. Caulfield, Mrs. C. T. Mc- Carthy, Mrs. Charles J. Gibbons, Mrs. Raquet, Mrs. McConvill, Mrs. D. Irwin of Lake City, and Mrs. James McHale of Duluth. Mrs. James J. Hill of the first graduating class was out of the city. The daily paper in describing the decoration said: "On both sides of portals were great sheaves of wheat, symbolical of the harvest now being reaped by the institution after its years of toil and poverty, and everywhere were huge branches of golden 26 rod and golden glow, suggestive of the golden jubilee." Lunch was served on the lawn. At the commencement exercises of the school year in 1904, which were held in the senior study hall, there were sixteen graduates. The combined enrollment of day pupils and boarders including academic and grammar grades had reached 312. In 1905 the boarding school was transferred to Derham Hall, at the College of Saint Catherine, leaving the Academy a day school.

27 IV. THE DAY SCHOOL on Marshall Avenue, 1905-1930

WHEN THE BOARDERS left for Derham Hall in January of 1905, Sister Hyacinth who had been principal of the Academy since 1895, went with them. She became the first superior at the Col- lege of St. Catherine. Before entering upon her new duties at the College, Sister Hyacinth spent the summer months in France and Germany, and on her return she visited colleges for women in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. Sister Eugenia, who replaced her at the Academy in 1905, had been a resident pupil at the Academy and was graduated from there in 1877. After teaching for a few years near her home in Goodhue, Minnesota, she entered the Novitiate of the Sisters of St. Joseph in 1880. At the time of her appointment to the Academy, she came from the public high school staffed by Sisters of Saint Joseph in Waverly, where she had been teaching under the experimental plan of Archbishop Ireland. She became the twelfth principal of the Academy. In the fall of her first year as principal, a rare treat for the faculty and student body was the visit of Governor and Mrs. John A. Johnson who were honored at a reception in the Aca- demy parlors on the evening of September 28. Agnes Galvin, '06, spoke for the pupils in her address of welcome. After a program of musical and choral numbers in the assembly room, the Governor spoke briefly stressing the idea that success is not a magic process, but the result of honest hard work. Souvenir programs cut in the shape of Minnesota and ornamented with 28 the moccasin flower were presented to all. Long before the city of St. Paul enjoyed a civic Christmas pageant, St. Joseph's Academy furnished the people a Nativity play after the fashion of mystery plays of the Middle Ages. It had eight scenes depicting the entire Christmas story accompanied by choral and instrumental music arranged by the Reverend Gabriel Healy of New York. The performance took place on the after- noon of December 21, 1905 in the Metropolitan Opera house. Catherine McCann, '06 as the evangelist carried the thread of the story. In the announcements for the fall opening of 1906 in which there is this statement: "the school is situated in the very heart of the residence section", mention is made for the first time of the building having electricity. A telephone system likewise was now installed. With the advent of these typically modern con- veniences and with streetcar accommodations, the Selby Avenue and Rondo car lines both within easy access, the day school marked progress in many ways. The current catalog states there was a laboratory with "suf- ficient equipment of scientific apparatus for the experimentation of the science classes" and "a collection of specimens for botani- cal and geological study." The commercial department was enlarged and better equipped. At this time the Munson system of stenography was in use. A dramatics department directed by Mrs. Vinnie Theodosia Crosse was an added feature beginning in 1906. Mrs. Crosse was also the instructor in physical educa- tion. An orchestra composed of violins, mandolins, guitars and flutes was an attractive feature of the music department under the supervision of Carl Venth, teacher of violin. The music 29 pupils were further instructed through lecture recitals by Wil- liam Mentor Crosse and were nearly frightened to death by his examinations. The choral classes AA were under the direction of D. (d4 F. Colville. Pupils in the art sec- f. tion enjoyed a series of excur- sions to Indian Mounds, Fort Snelling, Como Park and Minne- haha Falls where they made sketches. The pupils retreat in the fall of 1906 was conducted by Monsignor John S. Vaughan of London who was sojourning in St. Paul for a while. The Very Reverend Humphrey Moynihan, then president of Saint Thomas College, headed the Ethics Department; and the Reverend Francis Schaefer, of the Saint Paul Seminary, was instructor in medieval and modern history. The lecture pro- gram for that period indicates the range of speakers and the wide variety of interests that were presented: "Shakespeare's Heroines" by Maurice Francis Egan, "Claims of Latinity" by the Reverend P. F. O'Brien, "Paleography" by the Reverend William Turner, "Principles of Pedagogy" by the Reverend Doctor Shields, "Irish Fairy and Folklore" by Seumas Mac- Manus, "American Poets" by James Field Spalding, "Dicken's Christmas Carol" by Charles F. Underhill, and "Dream of Gerontius" by C. E. W. Griffith. At the commencement exercises of 1908 the graduates pre- sented King Lear on an improvised theater in the yard, which was a large platform hung with tree branches and vines, framed by an arch studded with light bulbs. At the rear of the platform hung a huge American flag. The audience sat under the trees which were festooned with electric lights. Before the Shakespear- ean performance, Archbishop Ireland handed diplomas and gold medals to twenty-three young ladies in the academic 30 course; diplomas in the commercial to twenty-one and diplomas in dramatics to two. All were dressed in white and carried arm bouquets of red roses. It was in this same summer that copies of paintings, made by Sister Anysia, Sister Sophia, Sister Marie Teresa and Sister Berissima from the originals by the Gagliardi (two brother artists) in the Gesu Church in Montreal, were placed on the walls of the chapel dedicated to the Holy Family giving the interior of this temporary building a loveliness which was in contrast with its external drabness. The large paintings of the Holy Family and the Flight into Egypt occupied the niches of both side altars. The life-sized paintings of St. Aloysius Gon- zaga's first communion and St. Stanislaus Kotska receiving the Holy Eucharist from an angel were placed on the east and west walls of the nave of the chapel. Over the main altar filling the entire sanctuary was a mural of the Assumption with the figures of Isaias and St. John the Evangelist on either side of the Virgin. The original is by Cipriani, and hangs in the Walker Art Gallery in Minneapolis. A copy made by Sister Marie Teresa from the original is at St. Agatha's Conservatory, St. Paul. It was from this copy that Sister Anysia worked, enlarging the design and painting it on the walls of the Academy sanctuary. The wooden altars as well as the rows of pillars supporting the roof and the paneled ceiling were all decorated to simulate the streaked texture of marble. For festive occasions there were added colored bulbs in the gas fixtures which jutted out from the supporting pillars and the main aisle was carpeted with a patterned rug. This chapel, although it was intended only as a temporary building, served the Sisters and the pupils until the summer of 1930 when it was torn down to be replaced by the present chapel and library wing. Alumnae who remember the old chapel may wonder whether there is anything left that was in it. The table of the altar, the silver candlesticks, and crucifix 31 are used whenever Masses are said in the Auditorium for the entire student body. The Sacred Heart statue is on the landing of the stairway which leads from the library to the Chapel. The statue of the Blessed Virgin, which for festive occasions used to wear a lace veil and jewels, is in the Sisters' reading room. The statue of St. Joseph graces the music hall. The artistic wealth of the Academy was, likewise, greatly augmented by the rare collection of copies of Renaissance art which became its possession in 1910. Sister Marie Teresa, Sister Anysia and Sister Sophia who had spent the years from 1908- 1910 in study in Rome, Naples, Florence, Venice, Bologna, Milan, Munich, Paris, Lourdes and Versailles brought home copies of the originals from the Uffizi, Pitti, Louvre and other art galleries. These paintings were hung in the Academy parlors and halls where they can still be viewed. They are from origi- nals by Raphael, Andrea del Sarto, Guido Reni, Corregio, Murillo, da Vinci, Fra Bartolommeo, Ribera, Giordano, Alber- tinelli and others. Most prized in the collection are: the Nativity of Gregoria copied by Sister Anysia at the University of Notre Dame and Raphael's Madonna of the Chair copied by Sister Marie Teresa in the Pitti Gallery, Florence, and framed in a facsimile of the original frame. September 20, 1910 was a memorable day for the Academy pupils. His Eminence, Vincenzo Cardinal Vannutelli (with his suite, consisting of eminent Italian churchmen and members of the nobility) having attended the Eucharistic Congress in Montreal as the legate of Pope Pius X, paid a visit to Arch- bishop Ireland, before returning to Rome. While in St. Paul, the Cardinal was the guest of St. Jos- eph's Academy at a reception held in his honor. Some three hundred 32 pupils dressed in white and wearing yellow flowers lined the sidewalk from street to entrance and bowed and courtesied as Cardinal Vannutelli passed by making the sign of the cross over them as he walked along. They gave a program for him in the senior study hall which was decorated with yellow and white bunting. An address in French was given by a post- graduate pupil to which the Cardinal responded in the same language — the gist of which Archbishop Ireland gave to the pupils in English: "He tells you what a particular pleasure it has been to him to come to your state and your city and to your school. He tells you what great opportunities are yours here with Sisters devoted to your spiritual growth and to your moral well being. He tells you that what you need in this country more than anything else is the spirit of religion which will guarantee you social peace and healthy growth; and he assures you that the more firmly the spirit of religion is implanted in your lives, the more progress your great country will make in material directions." At the close the pupils san "Long Live the Pope" and a farewell song in Italian. Because of the uncertainty of weather conditions the out-of- doors commencements were discontinued; the 1910 commence- ment program was held in the Metropolitan Opera House. The exercises were held in the afternoon the entire student body being dressed in white and seated on tiers as a choral back- ground for the graduates. The Most Reverend Thomas O'Gor- man, Bishop of Sioux City, was the speaker for the occasion. Besides the gold medal and diploma which each graduate re- ceived, special medals were awarded for excellence in scholar- ship and deportment. The class plays at this time were given on 33 the stage of the senior study hall on which had been installed a roll-up curtain and foot lights. The earliest full tuition honor scholarships given at the Academy were assigned to incoming pupils on the results of competitive entrance examinations. This practice dates back to 1911. Later these were given on the basis of scholarship during attendance at the Academy in the freshman, sophomore and junior years. These were financed by the school. Scholarships from endowments and gifts, named for or at the request of the donor, include: Alumnae, Agnes Rahilly Memorial, Gillette, St. Mark's Bridge Club, St. Mark's Fortnightly Club, Liberty, Sera- phine Ireland, Monsignor O'Neill, Victory, John Ireland, and Mother St. John Fontbonne. Student service scholarships were available to pupils very early in the history of the school and have been used by increas- ing numbers of pupils until the present number has reached ninety-four. In June of 1912 the novitiate was transferred from the site of the Academy. The novices and postulants of whom the pupils had caught glimpses in the chapel and at recreation in the yard, left for their new home on Randolph Street adjoining the cam- pus of the College of St. Catherine. Although much of the social life of the pupils has always been arranged by their families in out-of-school parties, the Academy has always considered the planning and carrying- through of social affairs a necessary part of the training of its pupils. Descriptions of these functions as written up in the school magazine indicate their variety and the ingenuity of their hostesses. Volume I of The Academy (which was a typed edition) car- ried this account of the Junior-Senior party of 1911. "The Senior Class were royally entertained by the Juniors in the Academy parlors, November twenty-seventh. Nothing was lack- ing in the efforts of the Juniors and each and every Senior highly 34 appreciated their efforts. The play room [today it is locker room A] was very prettily decorated. One would hardly have been able to recognize it as the play room of a few hours before. The amusements were entered into with great enthusiasm. Peal- ing laughter filled the rooms when each Senior made an attempt to be a good washwoman. She was obliged to prove herself one, by showing how many clothes pins she could hang on a clothes line in one minute. Marie Millette did the best and won the prize picture painted by the Junior Class artist, Miss Hazel Bergen. Dancing also afforded much pleasure. Miss Becker, the pianist, was accompanied by Miss Margaret Clifford with her mandolin. Stella Kennedy presided at the cider fountain, and she was often visited after the dances. Covers were laid for seventy-five guests. Thanksgiving novelties adorned the table. As far as possible the class colors, green and white, were made very prominent. After extending thanks to both the Sisters and hostesses, the guests withdrew with unwillingness." The Senior-Junior of 1912 was a Washington's Birthday party with the seniors from St. Margaret's Academy as guests. A feature of the dinner was toasts with Mrs. Crosse acting as toastmistress. The account for April 28, 1921 states: "Grandmother's ward- robe was ransacked or mother's neatly packed wedding dress was brought out for the Senior-Junior. It was indeed an old- fashioned party. After all had assembled, games were played on the lawn and in the playroom. Suitable prizes were offered to the winners. After this sort of amusement became tiresome, the dance programs were followed. Ten dances being over, lunch was served in the dining room, which was handsomely decorated in lavender and gold. The same color scheme was also used in the playroom." At the 1926 Senior-Junior, which was a valentine party, bunco was played. A theatre party at the Metropolitan Opera House to see the movie, Ben Hur, was the seniors' way of enter- 35 taining the juniors on January 28 of 1927. After the showing all returned to the school in cabs for lunch and bridge. ____ The increasing number of pupils made entertaining at school rather difficult, so on May 31 of 1928 the juniors and seniors went by chartered busses to Hotel Del Otero, Spring Park on Lake Minnetonka, for an all-day outing. Dinner and luncheon were served in the hotel dining room. The G.A.A. had charge of the athletic program for the day. The hotel orchestra furnished music for the dancing in the early evening. The field of journalism was first invaded by Academy pupils when The Academy, a literary magazine, had its initial printed issue in January of 1913. It was made up of thirty-two pages, six and one-half inches by ten inches, carrying news, literary activities and features. A pen sketch of the familiar wrought- iron gate between two stone pillars graced the brown paper cover. This publication which stayed in existence until 1932 changed its format and size many times. By 1915 it had pictures of the graduates like an annual; in 1923 it had a news section similar to a newspaper. Colored illustrations made their appear. ance in 1930. The Academy was a charter member of the Central Interscholastic Press Association (forerunner of Na- tional Scholastic) and the Catholic School Press Association, winning top honors in both of them over a period of years. Al- though pupil attendance at conventions, meets, forums and the like, is a commonplace today, it was a real innovation when eighteen members of The Academy staff travelled by pullman to Madison, Wisconsin for the third annual convention of the C.I.P.A. on December 1 and 2 of 1922. St. Joseph's Academy had the distinction of sending the largest delegation. Group 36 attendance at press meets became annual routines as the years went along. To commemorate its tenth anniversary, the Alumnae Associa- tion published a bulletin in 1911 which contained the constitu- tion and by-laws, reports of the annual meetings, and news of individual members. An Alumnae Reunion Song to the air of the "Eton Boating Song" was included among the pages. There is mention of the gift of $100.00 in 1908 toward the building of an auditorium. The directory showed a membership of two hundred and sixty-nine active and seventy-four associate mem- bers. There were eighteen listed in the necrology. The first alumnae to be graduated from the College of St. Catherine were Catherine Elliot and Mary McLaughlin (Sister Rose Catherine) who received their degrees in 1914. This same June, Grace Donahue received a degree of Bachelor of Music at the Univer- sity of Minnesota, the first student to be awarded this degree by the University. The year 1915 saw the affiliation of the St. Joseph's Academy Alumnae Association with the International Federation of Catholic Alumnae at the second annual meeting of the I.F.C.A. which was held in Chicago at which Mrs. John H. Donahue, '78, representing the Academy, received the ap- pointment of Federation Governor for the State of Minnesota. The first Memorial Mass for deceased alumnae members was celebrated in 1916; the same year saw the establishment by the alumnae of a permanent scholarship fund. The war years were reflected in the Academy life in a number of ways: the formation of a Red Cross unit among the alumnae; the Victory Girls campaign which pro- duced two-hundred and fifty pledges amounting to $746.00; and the estab- lishment of the Alumnae Liberty scholarship, the nucleus of which was 37 a one-hundred dollar Liberty Bond made possible by foregoing the usual spring banquet. An editorial in the November 1918 issue of The Academy speaks of the Armistice thus: "We think, today, that our heroes lying in the dust of the Old World have gained the never-fading laurels of victory; for they laid down their lives that the world may live in peace." Just eleven days after the Armistice the Academy was presented with a 100% War Savings Stamps Banner. During October of 1918 the Most Reverend Francisco Oroz- co y Jimenez, the persecuted and exiled Archbishop of Guadala- jara, Mexico, spent a few days visiting the Academy. At that time he was a fugitive from the forces of Carranza. He spoke in Spanish, on the conditions in Mexico, and his address was given in English to the pupils by the faculty instructor in Spanish who acted as interpreter. March 31 of 1919 brought a visit from the Most Reverend Austin Dowling, the first opportunity given to the faculty and pupils of the Academy to welcome the new prelate who had been installed as the second Archbishop of St. Paul on the Feast of the Annunciation. Present at the reception were Sister Antonine, sister of the Archbishop and Mother Matthew of the Sisters of Mercy of Providence, Rhode Island. The pupils under the direction of Professor Leopold Bruenner sang the "Ecce Sacerdos Magnus" to music composed for the occasion by Pro- fessor Bruenner. In the fall of 1919, Sister Eugenia was succeeded in the principalship by Sister Hilary who had been at the Academy as teacher of art and history from 1907. Sister Hilary entered the community from St. Paul and spent her early years at St. Agatha's Conservatory as a teacher of art. She began her work as principal by reawakening in the pupils a great interest in missionary activities. The Propagation of the Faith unit which had somewhat languished was revitalized by working in groups 38 directed by promoters. On November 30 of 1921 a unit of the Catholic Students' Mission Crusade was established to give both spiritual and material assistance to missionaries. For the year 1921-22 the amount contributed to missionary activities amounted to $435.00, the Propagation of the Faith and Mary. knoll being the beneficiaries. In May of 1922 the Reverend J. A. Byrnes, director of the Propagation of the Faith, wrote to Sister Hilary: "I beg to thank you cordially, and the dear girls of your school, for your recent handsome offering to our work in the amount of $170.00 . . . I cannot resist the temptation at this time to express my utmost satisfaction with the interest which the Academy girls continue to manifest in this work for the redemption of immortal souls." And the Reverend James A. Walsh, founder and superior of Maryknoll, said at the close of his letter to the pupils: "At Rome in the course of a private audience, the Holy Father, Pope Pius XI, extended to each and all of our benefactors His Apostolic blessing, which it is my privilege, here and now, to communicate to you." Class routine was pleasantly interrupted by such treats as the reading of Shakespeare's plays by Mr. C. E. W. Griffith in his annual visits to the Academy; piano recitals by Sylvio Scionti, who had assumed the directorship of the music depart- ment in the fall of 1921; lectures by Doctor James J. Walsh of New York; and courses in Parlimentary Law by Miss Ada K. Gannan of Davenport, Iowa. During her 1919 visit, she was on the committee to entertain Eamon de Valera, President of the Irish Republic, who was in St. Paul. He gave her a silk flag of the Irish Re- public, which she presented to the Aca- demy. The closing plays for these years were colorful pageant-like productions given at the Metropolitan Opera House, among them Queen Esther and Joan 39 of Arc (given the year of St. Joan's canonization, 1920), and The Piper at the New Garrick in 1925. The Provincial House of the St. Paul Province of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet which ■prrr had been located at the Academy since 1860 was transferred to Randolph Street in 1921. The commercial department as a dis- tinct department came to an end after the June 1921 commence- ment, and by fall it was decided to change the close of the school day from 1:00 to 3:30 to make possible a more flexible pro- gram. A variety of happenings are spaced through the next few years. The Academy captured top honors in the ninth annual Ramsey County spelling contest held at Mechanic Arts on Sat- urday morning, March 25, 1922. The award was an American flag given by the Daily News. The contest was under the super- vision of George H. Rief, county superintendent of schools. In order to purchase library equipment a bazaar was held at the Academy on December 5, 6, and 7 in 1923, each class spon- soring a project. Through the generous cooperation of the Knights of Columbus and the Alumnae $4,120 was realized. A colossal undertaking of 1924 was the adoption of a card system to record the pupils' scholastic ratings. All records pre- vious to this had been kept in ledgers, the earliest one going back to 1884 with catalog records of pupils for as early as 1874. When Sister Eva was appointed the first registrar she began the transfer of records from the ledgers to cards. Through her work and that of subsequent registrars all records since 1907 are now on cards. Trends in education so familiar today had their beginning at the Academy during these years: educational motion pictures to be shown on the silversheet listed for the fall of 1923; the 40 impact of the liturgy through a lecture January 22, 1925 by the Reverend William Busch in which he stressed the use of Mis- sals; a radio installed through the courtesy of the Knights of Columbus making it possible for the pupils to hear the inaugu- ral address of Calvin Coolidge over WCCO on March 4, 1925. In the spring of 1925 Professor Leonard Smith, who was to give sixteen years of service to the Academy, took over the direction of the commencement singing. Mr. Smith is best re- membered by pupils as the composer of the music for the school song, a contribution which he made in 1933, the words of which had been written two years earlier by Sister Elizabeth Marie. In the fall of 1925 Sister Hilary left the Academy to become superior at St. John's Academy in Jamestown, North Dakota; and was replaced by Sister Eva who had been teaching in the French department. Sister Eva received her early education in Canada where she grew up. After a few years of teaching at the Academy she went to the newly opened College in 1911 where she remained until 1922. It was while Sister Eva was on the college faculty that she received her master's degree from Columbia University. One of the first problems Sister Eva had to meet was that of dress. Although there was mention in early catalogs of dress regulations for resident pupils, day pupils wore pretty much what they wished. So a uniform for the 362 high school pupils was the answer. It was a one-piece navy blue serge low-belted dress with detachable stiff white collars and cuffs. Very much liked by the pupils, the uniform, al- though it was changed many times to satisfy prevail- ing styles, has remained in the school —the present one being a forest-green gabardine jumper with flare skirt and a long-sleeved white broadcloth blouse with the S.J.A. monogram embroidered in green on the left lapel of the blouse collar. 41 On September 15 of 1925 Korea became a reality to Aca- demy girls, when the Reverend Hugh Craig, of Minneapolis, a newly ordained Maryknoll father, addressed the pupils por- traying the difficulties in converting to Christianity the Koreans whose official religious cult is Confucianism. He was enroute to the Orient by way of Seattle with no expectation of ever re- turning to his native land. In October, the Academy gave two recruits to the missions when Mildred Fritz and Nelde Riehle left for New York to become members of the newly-founded Sisters of Maryknoll. When Pope Pius XI proclaimed the Little Flower of Jesus a Saint in St. Peter's Basilica on May 17, 1925, the Reverend Francis Fairley, instructor of religion at the Academy, was present at the ceremony with the other 75,000 spectators. On September 29 of 1926, 29 years after the death of St. Therese, Father Fairley gave Academy pupils a detailed description of the ceremonies of the canonization, of the Sistine Choir and of the solemn Papal Mass said in honor of the saint. At the Community Bazaar held at the Knights of Columbus Hall from October 7-10, 1925, Academy pupils took charge of all the table waiting and checking. They contributed $2,450.59 — raised by the sale of chances on a hope chest of household linens and lingerie. The purpose of the bazaar was funds to help finance the building of a Provincial House and Chapel adjoining the Novitiate to be completed by the fall of 1926 — the 75th anniversary of the coming of the Sisters of St. Joseph to St. Paul. When the Academy opened in the fall of 1926, it was solely a high school. Due to the fact that room was badly needed for high school classes and that numerous parochial grade schools had been opened in the city, the grade department which had been a part of the Academy for 75 years, was discontinued. Because of the demand for practical business training during 42 high school days, commercial subjects for a second time be- came a part of the regular cur- riculum. Cum laude buttons made their appearance at this time. They were awarded for scholarship and deportment. The speech and dramatics de- partment was fortunate in acquiring the services of Miss Mary G. Kellett who was to give 22 years to directing performances of distinction for the Academy, one of the first being Alfred Noyes' Sherwood, which was given in the Jeanne d'Arc audi- torium at the College of St. Catherine in the spring of 1928. On November 10 of 1926, the Academy celebrated its Dia- mond Jubilee. The Mass, celebrated by the Most Reverend Aus- tin Dowling, was attended by a large number of Sisters, the student body and members of the Alumnae Association. After the Mass the Archbishop gave an inspiring sermon on the work of the Sisters and the influence of the school in the city of St. Paul. In the course of his talk he said, "If the city has a pearl of great price, it is the virtue that it has discovered and practiced, and a very notable part of that virtue has had to do with this school." After breakfast the Archbishop met the Sisters and students informally in the library where he chatted pleasantly about his recent trip to California to attend the sesqui-centennial celebra- tion at San Francisco and incidentally was present for the earth- quake. At the request of some of the seniors who were seeking data for a debate on the Mexican question he gave his view of the Mexican revolution and added some very enlightening infor- mation, which he obtained from a young Mexican Catholic who had fled to Washington to escape death. 43 After Mass the Alumnae members were entertained by the faculty at an informal breakfast luncheon. The afternoon was spent in pleasant visits with old teachers and friends. The Alumnae Association presented the Sisters with a large gold basket of maroon and yellow chrysanthemums bearing their congratulations, and at the June meeting of that year, a jubilee gift of $1,319.86 toward an iron fence to be erected early in the spring of 1928. A chalice and paten, made from the gold medals of gradu- ates of the school, were on exhibition in the library. These medals were contributed following a request in 1921 by the Alumnae Association. Of the 96 medals contributed the oldest medal was from Mary O'Halloran, '76 from California. The chalice and paten were consecrated by Archbishop Murray and used for the first time at the Alumnae Memorial Mass November 15, 1942. Mary Ellen Chase paid her first visit to the Academy on De- cember 15 of 1925 when she lectured on "Noblesse Oblige" in choosing books. Participation in diocesan essay contests dates from January, 1926. This contest was conducted by the Rever- end James A. Byrnes, Superintendent of Archidocesan Schools, when pupils wrote essays on "The Divinity of Christ". The pur- pose was to celebrate the sixteen-hundredth anniversary of the Council of Nicea which gave the death blow to Arius and pro- claimed the Nicene Creed. At the thirty-second annual meeting of the North Central As- sociation of Colleges and Secondary Schools held in Chicago, March 15 to 18, 1927, it was an- nounced that St. Joseph's Acade- !, my was named a member of the Association, a distinction which it has held continuously ever since. In the same spring the 111' II 44 Academy became the proud possessor of a new seal de- signed by Dr. Pierre De la Rose of Harvard University. The coat-of-arms is a shield having white lilies against a blue background. On this is a sword and open book bearing the school motto: "Suboles doctrinae pietas." Because there were very inadequate facilities for physical education, a Girls Athletic Association came into being in October of 1927 with the object of sponsoring many off-campus sports. For some years groups had been using the gymnasium and pool at the Knights of Columbus Hall (so familiar to pupils today as the C.Y.C.). During the previous summer a tennis court was laid out on one end of the yard. This required the removal of the summer house and some of the gravel walk that criss-crossed the yard. Today the large elm in the cemented courtyard is all that remains of the original picturesque yard. Christmas cheer of 1928 was evidenced by contributions of boxes and food and gifts from the pupils for ten families whose names were furnished to the Academy by the Bureau of Catholic Charities. This established a custom which has been observed at each of the twenty-two Christmases which have since followed except the number of families cared for has increased to twice the original count. The estimated value of the boxes in 1949 was $1,265. In his letter of January 9, 1950, in thanking the school for its continued kindness, the Reverend Rich- ard W. Doherty, Director of the Bur- eau, said: "It rejoices us all very much to observe the great virtue of char- ity developed to such a remarkable 45 degree in the students of St. Joseph's Academy." National recognition came to the Academy in the spring of 1928 when Maxine Kaiser and Lydia Her- man won second and third prizes in the essay contest conducted by The Catholic World and when Nellie Corcoran was awarded $100.00 by the Scholastic for her essay in 1929. The June issue of The Catholic World published the winning essays; Saplings, a hook of the best literary compositions of high school pupils included Miss Corcoran's. May 10, of 1929 is the date of The Academite, an eight-page newspaper with a two-page rotogravure supplement, a startling innovation in high school journalism. In this chapter of the school's history, college education for girls is very definitely in the picture for the graduates. How- ever, for the classes from 1909 to 1917, attendance at college was the rare exception. There was much greater interest in the two-year teacher training institutions. The number in three-year nursing schools was small. By 1918 the Academy could list twenty in attendance at the College of St. Catherine in all four years. The class of 1921 sent twenty-eight per cent to various colleges; the class of 1924 reached thirty per cent in college registration. These were unusually high quotas if we consider the statement made at a Catholic College Week lecture spon- sored by the N.C.W.C. Department of Education at the Academy on May 5, 1922 which was given to seniors. The speaker was the Reverend Humphrey Moynihan of the St. Paul Seminary. He said: "Less than one per cent of the people of the United States are college graduates and from this number come the leaders of the country. Then, too, never before have women been able to exert such a wide influence and to play such an important part in public life. A high school education is entirely inade- quate for the women of today who wish to use their new privi- leges wisely." 46 In the spring of 1929 the College Aptitude Tests were given for the first time to Academy seniors. At the request of Dean Johnson of the University of Minnesota, Sister Jeanne Marie of the College of St. Catherine directed the tests. Out of the class of ninety-four, thirty-eight entered college, of which number twenty-four enrolled at the College of St. Catherine. A survey of alumnae avocational choices up to 1920 shows teaching, nursing and secretarial or clerical as the principal occupations with very few other fields represented. Some idea of salaries can be gleaned from these quotations from the June 1919, Academy. From the Alumnae Personals: Florence Donohue is teaching French and Spanish in Hibbing, Minnesota. She teaches twelve hours a week and receives one hundred and seventy-five dollars a month. Who says there is no money in teaching? From the advertisements: Picture yourself earning $75 a month as a dictaphone operator. * * * Business Men are no longer willing to educate employees in Detailed Office Training. Neither are you — a bright, intelligent young woman — willing to work for $40 a month when you may receive from $50 to $100 by being properly Office Trained before accepting a position. By 1928 these same areas (teaching, nursing and secretarial work) are common with varied breakdowns; however there are many more vocational choices — among them the rather un- usual ones for women — of law, pharmacy, banking, and medicine. Current re- ports include radio, aero- nautical engineering, air stewardess, occupational therapy and army and navy service. 47 Vocations Day programs show that the typically feminine fields of care of the sick in all its phases, and social service; everything related to the school- ing of younger and older children; and the careful meticulous handling of the details of business, are still the most common choices for girls. During the year 1929 interest was developed in the question of how to effect a more active cooperation between the Alumnae and the school for the best interests of both. Miss Ada K. Gan- non's course in Parlimentary Law offered to the members of the Alumnae, was a timely opportunity to consider reorganiz- ing the Association in a way that would make it possible to realize the purpose stated above. This reorganization was initi- ated under the inspiration of Sister Eva, principal of the Acade- my. Sister Patricia, '02, at that time a member of the faculty, did countless hours of telephoning to locate members and invite them to renew their association with the school. All members of the Alumnae were welcome; the Academy was open house to all former classes. At these meetings Sister Eva personally met all the Alumnae members and made them feel as much at home as when they were in school. They went away feeling eager to identify themselves with the interests of the school. Under Miss Gannon's direction a committee was appointed to draw up a new constitution. This constitution was proposed at the June meeting and unanimously adopted at the November meeting. The chief features of the Association as reorganized are as follows: Classes prior to 1905 form a charter chapter; thereafter two, three, or four successive classes unite to form a chapter or a large class be- comes a chapter by itself. 48 Each group functions as a unit in the Alumnae Association and preserves its separate organization. The general government is in the hands of a Board of Directors which consists of the presidents of the several chapters. Officers of the Association are elected by the Board out of its own group. This plan in- sures a more permanent bond of union among the graduates and a stronger and more active general association. Toward the end of April of 1930, the glad news came to the Academy that its crowded condition was soon to be relieved, its days of chair-carrying would soon be over. The Provincial Council had decided that an addition was to be built which would take the form of two wings to be joined to the present building on the east and west sides.

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V . THE COMPLETE ACADEMY 1930-1951 -

THE PLANNING of the new wings of the Academy was entrusted to the faculty; each department drew up specifications of what it desired in location, housing and equipment. There was much studying of builders' brochures and catalogs and frequent visit- ing of other schools in St. Paul and out of the city. On Septem- ber 8, 1930, ground was broken for the classrooms and audi- torium wing. At the meeting of the Corporation of St. Joseph's Female Academy held at the Provincial House on September 17, the final plans submitted by the Walter Butler Contracting Company were adopted; and at the November 7 meeting of the same corporation it was decided to finance the building through a loan of $275,000. Then began a year of pounding, of great discomfort and awful crowding, but no one minded because all could see the new school gradually coming into being. Although much of the school wing was not completed by the spring of 1931, it was possible to present the senior play, The Ivory Door, in the audi- torium on May 26, and to hold the commencement excersises there on June 5. The first graduation in the Ellen Ireland Auditorium (named for Mother Seraphine) was held in the afternoon, the one hundred graduates and the entire school being seated on the stage. The Reverend Joseph J. Boyle, C.S.C. gave the address; the diplomas were presented by the Right Reverend Msgr. J. C. Byrne, pastor of St. Luke's Parish and Ad- ministrator of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul. 50 On June 31, which was the feast of the Sacred Heart, ground was broken for the chapel and library wing. The first Mass was celebrated in the new Holy Family Chapel on November 11 by the Very Reverend Lawrence F. Ryan, rector of the Cathedral. On the feast of the Immaculate Conception, Monsignor Byrne blessed the chapel. He was assisted by the Reverend Aloysius Ziskovsky, the Reverend Rudolph Nolan and the Reverend Francis J. Schenk. Volume I of Chapter Chats, the official organ of the Alumnae Association, which came out in December 1931, carried this description of the new building which was ready for occupancy when school opened in September: "St. Joseph's Academy recently completed the construction of the fifth enlargement of its first stone structure of 1863. The new buildings consist of a one-hundred-eighty-foot wing, four stories in height, facing Virginia Avenue, an auditorium and gymnasium wing extending one hundred and forty-seven feet west on Iglehart Avenue, and a chapel and library wing extend- ing one hundred and ten feet on Western Avenue. The buildings are of reinforced concrete construction with brick curtain walls and stone trim. The style is a blending of Gothic and modern- istic. "The aim in the planning of the new structures was to provide material accommodation adequate for a thoroughly modern and progressive program of teaching. Administrative offices and class and work-rooms for the departments of religion, history, English, the languages, and social studies, occupy the first floor of the Virginia Avenue wing. The second floor is given over mainly to vocational subjects, and the third to science labora- tories and science lecture rooms. A students' cafeteria, with dining-room separate from serving-room, is located on the ground floor. "A plan not as yet widely in use in schools has been followed 51 in the rooms set aside for courses in home economics. A large laboratory is divided into small 'kitchen' units. Each 'kitchen' is made up by the arrangement of a stove, a table, a cabinet, and a sink, to form a small square, this being the work-room of a group of students. The furniture is of waist height, allowing the teacher to direct and supervise the work of the entire class. Con- nected with the cooking laboratory is a room equipped to simu- late a home suite — living-room, dining-room, and bed-room. Courses in home-management, home nursing, interior decorat- ing, social usage, and allied branches will use the home suite as a laboratory. "On the ground floor of the Iglehart wing are the gymnasium and showers. The main lobby leading to the auditorium is on the mezzanine floor, as are also the check rooms, the physical director's room, and the balcony overlooking the gymnasium. "The entire first floor of this wing is given over to the audi- torium, which has a seating capacity of nine hundred. The auditorium stage is fifty feet wide and thirty feet deep. It has every modern facility for stage productions. There is a motion picture booth in the balcony. The auditorium has exits into the school which may be cut off if desired. "The floors throughout both wings are of terrazzo and rubber tile, and all doors are metal with sanitary trim. The building is heated from the present boiler room and has the unit system of ventilation. "Rooms in the old Academy building will continue in school use. Connection with the new structure is through a cloister walk on each floor. The additions were made necessary by the increas- ing enrollment of the school; numbers of pupils have had to be refused admission for some years past because of the school's lack of room. Enlargement of space has given opportunity for additional courses in the departments of art, library science, business, and home economics. 52 "Across the Academy yard from the classroom wing are the chapel and library, housed in a picturesque building of simple Gothic lines. The library connects with the music wing on the main floor of the old Academy, and the chapel connects with the second floor. A double-door arched entrance to the library is located on the Western Avenue side; two other outside entrances are from the Academy yard on the east. One of these is through an artistically designed angular abutment to the building, con- taining the stairway leading from the yard level to library and chapel. "If the interior of the old chapel is a memory of mellow love- liness to Academy alumnae, a glimpse into the new chapel will surprise and charm them. For to the gracefully drawn and sub- stantial structure of the new room have been added many of the beautiful details of the old. The new sanctuary was constructed so that the magnificent altar-piece of the Assumption from the old chapel might be placed here. The paintings of the Stations of the Cross have been fitted into specially constructed wall-panels. The old altars and statues, retouched, are used here, too. The pipe organ, given to the Academy chapel in 1903 by Sister Antonia, now President of the College of St. Catherine, has been electrified and installed in the gallery. The copy of the "Deposi- tion From the Cross" by Fra Angelico, made by Sister Marie Teresa in Florence in 1909, again hangs near the entrance to the Academy chapel. "Cross-beams of dark oak, in Gothic style, decorate the gabled ceiling, and delicately shaped Gothic windows open out onto the Academy yard. Arched niches form spaces for the Blessed Virgin's and St. Joseph's altars. The shrines of the Sacred Heart, the Pieta, and St. Therese are in the back of the chapel. "From the vestibule a wide staircase with wrought iron ban- nister leads up to the gallery and down to the library floor. The 53 gallery has a sloped floor containing seats for thirty-six choris- ters. Gallery rail, pews, and altar-rail are in soft dark brown finish. Wall lights are of a delicate cream tint; hanging lights are of wrought bronze octagonally shaped and showing symbols and figures of the four Evangelists. "A second stairway, near the vestry, leads to the library floor below. Here are a large reading-room, a workroom, a librarian's office, and a classroom. This last has been constructed so that it can be divided by a movable partition into conference rooms for student discussion groups. "The reading-room is eighty by forty-five feet, and will seat one hundred and twenty-four students. Nine-foot windows on the east and west walls extend to the ceiling from a height seven feet above the floor. Train-radiation has been used in the heat- ing arrangement. Radiators are built in the walls and throw heat into the room through an aperture above the shelving. This method of lighting and heating leaves a clear wall space for shelving and at the same time permits the room to be exception- ally bright during the entire day. "The room is made attractive by paintings and statuary. New shelving of a standard type is being purchased to replace the bookcases formerly in use. Reading-table, charging desk, standard-type filing cases and card catalog have been installed. "The librarian's office is placed at the south end of the library; a room for book-storage and delivery is conveniently located on a lower floor. "The old chapel, intended at first to serve only temporarily, has been wrecked, and the yard is being pleasingly landscaped. A drive circles in from Iglehart Avenue, enclosing a small area containing a fountain. Cement walks cross the court at con- venient places, and skirt the buildings. The brick power house is being repaired and veneered. Shrubbery and trees will beautify the yard." 54 The reorganized Alumnae Association held its first meeting in the Ellen Ireland Auditorium on October 22 of 1931 and made it memorable by presenting $2,748.86 to the Academy for furniture and equipment for the new school. Membership cards, issued that fall for the first time, were received by 602 active members. The appointment of a resident corresponding secre- tary and a resident financial secretary gave promise of a con- tinuity and stability in keeping with the needs of the growing organization. On December 12, the Academy was hostess to the Minnesota branch of the International Federation of Catholic Alumnae with all the affiliated schools of the state represented by delegates. The library, after much moving about and gradual steady growth from a very insignificant beginning, was finally housed in its permanent home in the fall of 1931. Having been estab- lished in 1890 in what is now the guest dining room, it consisted mostly of bound volumes of the Ave Maria and was used very little by the pupils. It next occupied the main corridor alcoves with the books in locked cases reaching to the ceiling. In the summer of 1926, the junior study hall (now Room 317) became the library with the books accessible in open-shelf cases and with reading tables for the use of the pupils. The cataloging of the books according to the Dewey Decimal System was begun in 1920, and in 1928 the Library of Congress cards were first used. However, the complete organization of the library by a qualified librarian was not accom- plished until the library was moved to its present quar- ters in 1931. At that time there were 5,339 volumes spread thin to fill the shelves; today there are 10,- 000 volumes crowding the 55 same shelves. In 1934 the large oil paintings from the old chapel of the first communion of St. Aloysius and St. Stanislaus re- ceiving communion from an angel were placed on the north and south walls of the library. In the fall of 1947 the periodi- cals were removed from the main reading room to the library classroom which was equipped and decorated to be a periodical room. It now houses current and back issues of sixty magazines, and periodical indexes for reference and recreational reading. The library, also, serves the school with complete pamphlet and clipping files, with files of 4000 mounted pictures and 100 folios, besides numerous unmounted large pictures for bulletin board use. Instruction in the use of the library, which began in 1931 with a semester course and library days for tours by the English classes, is now given to all grade IX and X English classes who use the workbooks published in 1946 by Sister Avila, Academy librarian. The book for the ninth grade, Library Exploration, contains general instructions and work sheets to be used in the course; the tenth grade book, Tools of Learning, teaches the use of reference books and magazines. Pupils, also, have the benefit of illustrated annotated bibliographies and book report sheets furnished by the library. Publicity came to the library when a moving picture of the student library staff in action was presented at the Women's City Club to Minnesota librarians during the Minnesota Educa- tion Association meeting in October of 1932. It was accompa- nied by a talk by Miss Clara Glenn, librarian. In 1938 the Third Minnesota-Dakota Catholic Library Conference was held at the 56 Academy using for its theme: "Recent Trends in the Promotion of Catholic Literature." The tenth annual meeting of the Minnesota-Dakota Unit of the Catholic Library Association took place at the Academy November 23, 1945. The morning session was devoted to a panel discussion of simplified cataloging prodecures. The principal speakers of the afternoon were Sister M. Bernice, F.S.P.A., who spoke on "Catholic Social Principles in Chil- dren's Literature" and Miss Sarah Wallace, Assistant to the Chief Librarian, Minneapolis Public Library, who demonstrated "How to Interest Your Public in Your Library." A heavy snow- fall reduced attendance, but about 75 hardy souls appeared for the meeting. In November 1946, the Academy acted as host to the Minnesota-Dakota Unit of the Catholic Library Association. As a project for this Association, Sister Avila, with the help of other librarians of the province, prepared a 431-title biblio- graphy, Good Reading for Convalescents. October 29, 1948, the second day's sessions of the first meet- ing of the newly organized Minnesota Association of School Librarians was held at the Academy. Miss Frances Henne, Associate Dean of the Graduate Library School, University of Chicago spoke on "Library Instruction." At the luncheon, Mrs. Anne Cowley Boardman talked about "Books of Minnesota Authors and with a Minnesota Local". In the library were exhi- bits and demonstrations on book repair, simplification of library processes, vertical file, audio-visual materials, publicity mater- ials, and books about Minnesota and by Minnesota authors. It was on October 7 of 1931, that Sister Antonia, both a former pupil and a former teacher of the Academy (1891-1904) was presented with the distinguished papal decoration "Pro Ecciesia et Pontifice" from His Holiness, Pope Pius XI, for her leadership in Catholic education. The presentation was 57 made by the Right Reverend Msgr. James Byrne, Administrator of the Archdiocese, at the opening Mass in Our Lady of Victory Chapel at the College of St. Catherine of which institution Sister Antonia was president at that time. The commencement of June, 1932 was unique in many ways: it was the first Academy graduation class to receive diplo- mas from the Most Reverend John Gregory Murray, S.T.D., who had been installed the third Archbishop of St. Paul on January 27, 1932; two original compositions by members of the class were sung; a choral dance cycle, May, the Maiden, in which undergraduates participated was presented; the gradu- ates carried colonial bouquets of red and white roses; and the white wicker gate, which has become the symbol of graduation, was used for the first time. In 1933, The Kosmorama, a loose-leaf memory book made its appearance; also, the S.J.A. Handbook, which gave the his- tory, activities, and regulations of the school. Although the Academy has never had a P.T.A. or a Mothers' Club, it has had many opportunities for meetings between parents and teachers through open houses and demonstrations of which the Dads' and Mothers' Day held on May 18, 1933 is typical. The program stated that its purpose was: "to give the parents an opportunity to meet the teachers, to observe the teacher and pupils at work, and to inspect the pupils' work." Exhibits by all the departments were listed. The schedule of classes included such varied ones as: Literary round table, demonstration of mu- ral painting, debate on labor unions, food testing, transcription of business letters, dinner service, floor talks, and posture drills. 58 On November 7, 1934, at the joint meeting of the National Union of the Diocesan Confraternities of Christian Doctrine and National Rural Life Conference held at the Hotel Lowry, the advanced art classes of the Academy displayed a set of liturgi- cal designs representing symbolically the important feasts of the Church year. Another project of the art classes for that year was a large pictorial wall map of the school. It came into being during December when the department arranged for a living exhibition of pupils at work. This is the map (it now hangs in the main corridor near the office) which so intrigues freshmen when they are learning how to find their way around the build- ing. In the fall of 1937, when Sister Eva left the Academy to return to the French department at the College of St. Catherine, Sister Mary John came from the Academy of St. James in Grand Forks, where she had been superior and principal, to direct St. Joseph's Academy. Sister Mary John received a M.S. degree from the University of Chicago in 1924 and, also, did graduate work at the Catholic University in 1928. Both the Journal and the yearbook came into existence at this time of the school's history. April 20, 1938 was the date of the first Journal, a six-page paper put out by a senior staff under Sister Marion's direction. Sister Marion, also, guided the first yearbook, christened Patrins which was ready for distribution in May. "Patrins" means trail blazer, named for a gypsy cus- tom of strewing leaves to indicate a trail as the book was meant to be a "leafy trail of memories." Appropriately the first vol- ume was dedicated to St. Joseph. The Academy Glee Club, a group of some sixty seniors, juniors, and sophomores, under the direction of Sister Ann Thomasine, which had its beginning in the fall of 1938, made its first public appearance when it presented the Messiah at a school assembly in December of that year. The Messiah became 59 a Christmas tradition and for thirteen successive years it has delighted its audiences. In 1939 its personnel appeared in white gowns trimmed with blue at an evening performance for parents and friends. By 1941 alumnae joined with the pupils in the presentation. The 1942 production re- ceived a very favorable press comment from the St. Paul Pioneer Press. At the tenth anniversary production, Maria Andreassi returned from Chicago, where she was study- ing voice, to sing the solo aria, "Rejoice 0, Daughter of Zion." The presentation of an annual spring operetta goes back to 1942 when the Glee Club, assisted by boys from Cretin High School and St. Thomas Military Academy, presented Don Alonzo's Treasure. Since then its repertoire has included Lady of the Terrace, King Nutcracker, Briar Rose; three Gilbert and Sullivan opera's, lolanthe, The Gondoliers and Yeomen of the Guard; and Chimes of Normandy. When the first civic Christmas Choral Pageant was held in December of 1939 on the Capitol steps, the Glee Club was a part of it as it was, also, in all the succeeding ones which were held in the St. Paul Auditorium to which it contributed the "Magnificat" and "Gloria in Excelsis" solos. By request the Glee Club made broadcasts on WTCN on the Salute to Schools program for a number of years. In the field of liturgical music, the Glee Club sings the proper for all school Masses, sings for the Good Friday ceremonies at the Cathedral, and the midnight Christmas Mass at the Little Sisters of the Poor. On January 15, 1951, it presented a program of Music of the Liturgical Year for the Twin Cities Choirmasters Asso- ciation and the American Guild of Organists. As an annual outing it goes by bus to St. John's Abbey in Collegeville to hear the Mass sung by the monks. 60 Its philanthropic work includes Christmas caroling at Ancker Hospital, Veterans Hospital, and the Union Depot; St. Joseph's Day program for Little Sisters of the Poor; and appearances at the conventions of the Christ Child Society, of the Minnesota Council of Catholic Women and of the Kiwanis Club Holy Thursday luncheon meeting. It has taken part in the annual spring Music Festival of the Minnesota Catholic High School Association at St. Thomas Col- lege since its beginning in 1946. Twelve hundred high school and college students, confrater- nity and sodality members, converged at the Academy on April 26, 1940 to attend the Catholic Press Meet and Good Literature Conference. Among the speakers for the occasion were authors, editors and journalists, among them the Reverend Daniel Lord, S.J. editor of Queen's Work; the Reverend Paul Bussard, editor of the Catholic Digest; the Reverend Francis Benz, editor of The Catholic Boy; Sister Mariella, O.S.B., compiler of short story anthologies; and John O'Sullivan, Dean of the Marquette School of Journalism. A second press meet followed on October 31, 1941 which used the theme: Christ, a Thrilling Subject to Write about; Christ, a Glorious Subject to Read about. When pupils returned in the fall of 1940, they found that an RCA Victor Broadcasting System had become a part of their school. Included in this system was an announcement attachment connected with thirty-five classrooms, a recording machine, a phonograph, a radio, and loud speakers in the auditorium and gymnasium. Eight dramatics pupils attend- ed the Catholic Play Festival held at Loras Academy in Dubu- que from March 21 to 23, 1941. The cast of Riders to the Sea came home with a gold plaque for superior acting and one gold 61 and two bronze medals for individual excellence of members. When the class of '41 was graduated, it left a donation to purchase an outdoor statue of St. Joseph. This is the statue which at present gives the courtyard its name and is such a fav- orite spot for snapshots. Of all events in the life of the Church in Minnesota, the one most memorable to those who participated, was the Ninth National Eucharistic Congress held in the Twin Cities from June 23 to 26 in 1941. For a whole year before the Congress, religion classes at the Academy gave special study to the Mass and the Blessed Sacrament; and choral classes, to Gregorian music. May 6, the Academy held a Eucharistic Day at which Archbishop Murray celebrated a Pontifical Mass in the Audi- torium and the entire student body sang the Orbis Factor Mass directed by the Reverend Francis Missia of the St. Paul Semi- nary. The Reverend Lawrence F. Ryan delivered the sermon. In the afternoon there was a procession of the Blessed Sacrament through a flower-strewn path to an altar erected between flower beds in the front yard where Benediction was given. All through the day there were round table discussions, play- lets and choric readings centered about the Holy Eucharist. At the general assembly, the Reverend George E. Ryan showed moving pictures of the National Eucharistic Congresses of Cleveland and New Orleans. On the day of the Children's Mass of the Congress, the Academy choir sang at the Eucharistic Center and again, on the closing day. The pupils, also, took part in the high school meet- ings in the Bishop HeiIron Building at the center on June 24 and 25. 62 Saint Joseph's Academy's monstrance, an exquisite, ham- mered silver creation brought from France in 1865 and pre- sented by Father Tissot, a pioneer priest, to Mother Seraphine, was used as the symbol of the Eucharistic Congress. An eighteen- foot replica of this monstrance crowned the balduchin of the altar at the Eucharistic Center; a picture of it flanked by the twin domes of the Cathedral and the Basilica appeared on the Congress official badge; and His Eminence, Dennis Cardinal Dougherty, carried the Blessed Sacrament in it in the closing procession of the Congress. The 1941 Patrins done, in gold and white, had for its theme: Honoring Christ in the Holy Eucharistic; and the Journal dedi- cated an eight-page picture edition to the Congress. Incidentally, both publications received All-Catholic ratings from the N.C.P.A. for these issues. Sister Mary John left the Academy in 1941 to spend a year at the Catholic University in intensive work on the teaching of religion. Sister Laurent came from the Academy of the Holy Angels, where she had been assistant principal, to become the sixteenth principal of the Academy and the fifth alumna to hold this position. Sister received a master's degree from the Univer- sity of Minnesota in 1939 and did graduate work at the Catholic University the summer previous to her appointment. For a second time since the turn of the century, a world war was reflected in the school routine. In 1942 the curriculum in- cluded classes in first aid, home hygiene, and nutrition. Six hundred pupils received their certificates in first aid; large numbers knitted and sewed for the Red Cross. On February 28 of 1943 the school participated in the Schools at War pageant put on in the St. Paul Auditorium by all the Catholic high schools of the city. That same year a scrapbook report of war activities was exhibited at the State Capitol. Bond and stamp 63 sales totalled $27,286.68 for 1943-44 and $59,123.41 for 1944- 45, for which the U. S. Treasury awarded the school a Minute Man Flag. The year 1945 held two patriotic convocations one sad, the other joyous. To pay tribute to the late President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Academy students met in the auditorium for a memorial service, April 14, 1945. Having assembled in perfect silence, all sang the "Star Spangled Banner." Mary O'Brien then read the tribute to President Roosevelt written by the Reverend John J. Cullinan of St. Luke's Parish. The Rever- end John Sweeney of the C.Y.C., who officiated at the ceremony, read prayers from the Requiem Mass. During the ceremony, stu- dents sang the "Ave Maria," the "Agnus Dei" from the Requiem Mass, and, as a conclusion, "America." All filed out in perfect silence. With hearts raised in gratitude and heads bowed in prayer, the students of S.J.A. observed V-E Day in an assembly pre- sented by the senior class, May 8, 1945. Sister Laurent keynoted the day of thanks by reminding the students that total victory had not yet been won, and would not be realized unless everyone continued to do her part. Beside a shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Queen of Peace, Marcella McDaniel, Geraldine Mack, and Rosalind Emerson delivered original speeches ex- pressing gratitude and showing a spirit of patriotism. On November 9, 1942, a new type report card was handed to the pupils. It was the result of a faculty study of report cards from schools all over the country. As grades are analyzed in terms of the objectives of each department and in some cases of each subject in the department, it requires a printing of eighteen different cards in the content fields and a homeroom card, be- sides, to take care of all the pupils' needs. Causes of poor work in a subject may be checked and there is, also, a place for 64 comments by parents. The homeroom card, which was revised in 1950, is an attempt to help the pupil profit by ratings on such traits as responsibility, industry, initiative, cooperation, leader- ship, emotional balance and respect for authority. The first formal Vocations Day program was held on May 21, 1942. It included speakers in the fields of nursing, teaching, welfare work, journalism, medical technology, physical educa- tion, airlines service and government jobs. The general assembly which concerned training for the lay apostolate was given by the Ladies of the Grail. Because the day was found to be worth- while, it has become a much anticipated part of the senior year. The 1943 and '44 vocations days added such fields as physio- therapy, aviation, interior decorating, medicine and home eco- nomics. Although these days are devoted mainly to the avocational choices, the 1945 program began the tradition of having a talk on Christian family life and in 1946 the religious vocation was introduced. Representatives from the Women's Services in the Army, Navy, Marines, and Nursing Corp gave the general assembly during one of the war years. Modeling, library work, radio and dietetics came in for attention in 1947. Opening the Vocations Day with a Missa Recitata and corpor- ate Holy Communion became an established custom by 1948. The talk by Miss Lois Schumacher, co-editor of Today, was the highlight of 1949. The tenth annual Vocations Day was dis- tinguished by having all speakers from among the alumnae. Sister Constance Marie, who has planned these days for the past few years, prepared the pupils for this one by a unit in social problems on occupations. The last two Vocations Days very pointedly stressed the Christopher approach in choice of and preparation for work. Although the matter of religious vocations was sometimes considered in the Vocations Day program, it became customary 65 to devote a special day each spring to this choice of life, on which day a talk by Mother Edwina, mistress of novices, from St. Jos- eph's Novitiate, was scheduled for the seniors, and individual meetings were ar- ranged when desired. Later it became cus- tomary for the alumnae novices to come with Mother Edwina. They visited classes, met the seniors inform- ally and were served lunch. On April 12, 1951 twenty novices (former Academy girls) came. A feature of this visit was a panel by four novices explaining the postulancy and junior and senior novitiate years. The Academy was enriched by a number of gifts during these years. From the estate of the late Reverend Leo Gleason it re- ceived $1,000 in 1942, the interest from which is to be used as an annual award for an essay written on the subject of Catholic Education. The award is known as the Pauline Gleason Memor- ial Award in memory of Father Gleason's mother. The class of 1943 gave an electric motion picture screen for the auditorium; the 1944 class furnished a club room for recreation groups; and the 1945 class donated $1,074 for school equipment. The one-hundreth anniversary of the death of Mother St. John Fontbonne, foundress of the Sisters of St. Joseph after the French Revolution, was celebrated at the Academy on Novem- ber 24, 1943. The students observed the centenary by singing a High Mass in the chapel, and by presenting a special assembly program depicting scenes from the life of Mother St. John. The latter was made up of a narrative, and a series of tableaux show- ing Mother St. John's childhood at Monistrol, her novitiate, and later experiences during the French Revolution. The final scene portrayed the work of the Sisters of St. Joseph in the world today. At the opening of the program, the students recited the 66 prayer for the canonization of Mother St. John; and at the clos- ing, sang a hymn to St. Joseph. Midsummer Night's Dream was the spring production of the 1943 senior class and As You Like It, in 1944. This class had the distinction of having Minnesota's first lady pour tea at the reception given in their honor by the alumnae on May 2. Mrs. Edward J. Thye is an alumna of chapter 5. In March, 1945 the Academy dramatics pupils became Troupe No. 286 of the National Thespian Society and presented the Kerrs' dramatiza- tion of The Song of Bernadette in May of that year. The pro- duction of 1948 was The Merchant of Venice for which a true Elizabethan stage was built. The Academy has the distinction of having had on its faculty three priests who are now bishops. The Most Reverend William 0. Brady, D.D., S.T.D., bishop of Sioux Falls, taught at the Academy from 1927 to 1932. Besides the course in moral prob- lems which he gave the seniors, he also, worked with the faculty on the construction of a course on the life of Christ. The Most Reverend James L. Connolly, D.D., bishop of Fall River, began his teaching at the Academy in 1931 with a course to the faculty on Church History and gave a similar course to the pupils the next year. The Most Reverend Francis J. Schenk, D.D., J.C.D., bishop of Crookston, taught Religion IV in 1944 and 1945. When the Academy music pupils played in a concerto recital, with Mr. Frank Mannheimer at the second piano, on March 26, 1944, the music department had reached a new high. Two-piano work had been inaugurated four years before and for three years Mr. Mannheimer as artist teacher had been supervising the music pupils for whom he conducted a piano clinic. Aca- 67 demy pupils took part in the Schubert Club Concert given at the Academy in February of 1946 and, likewise, gave a demonstration of two-piano literature at the University for the Minnesota Music Teachers Convention in June of 1948. At three different recitals given in 1948, '49 and '50, six Academy pupils had the privilege of playing concertos with members of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Peter Lisowsky. The concertos included: St. Saens G Minor Concerto — 1st, 2nd and 3rd Movements, Beethoven's G Minor Concerto — 1st Move- ment, Tschaikowsky B Flat Minor Concerto, Rubinstein D Minor Concerto, Mozart's Double Concerto in E Flat and Grieg Minor Concerto. The music department sponsored a concert by Felix Wit- zinger, Swiss pianist of Syracuse University on November 2, 1948; and a Chopin Centenary piano recital by Robert Mc- Dowell, winner of the American Chopin contest, on October 19, 1949. As a further means of building up interest, the Cecelian Music Club was organized on November 22, 1949. The purpose of the club is "to derive mutual inspiration from contact with fellow music students, and to stimulate and further interest in musical activities for educational and cultural purposes." Last spring, Sister Carlos, head of the Academy music de- partment, organized the first All-Catholic High School Piano Festival sponsored by the Minnesota Catholic High School As- sociation — Region I. It was held at the Academy on April 21 with five Twin City schools participating and a large number of other schools auditioning. Julian De Gray, concert artist and 68 visiting teacher at the University of Minnesota was adjudicator. Thirty-two pupils played for Mr. De Gray and received rating sheets from him. Sister Elizabeth Marie became the seventeenth principal of the Academy in the fall of 1945. Having graduated from the Academy and having taught there from 1920 to 1935, she was returning to very familiar surroundings. For the six years pre- ceding this appointment, Sister was the Assistant Provincial, in which position she served as the high school supervisor of the ten high schools conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph in Min- nesota and North Dakota. Sister Laurent, whom she replaced, joined the history faculty of the College of St. Catherine. Working with the homeroom teachers, Sister Elizabeth Marie published a sixteen-page booklet, Courtesy Counts, in the fall of 1945. Sister Avila furnished the illustrations for the book which was to be used as a teaching device to insure uniform manners among the pupils. In the spring of 1946, Written Expression Minimums, which set up goals of minimum achievement in writing for each of the four years of English, was a project of all the English teachers as was, also, the Literature Handbook printed in 1947, which contained graded core and supplement- ary readings, memorization requirements, the technic of verse and book report suggestions. On September 29, 1947 the twelfth annual meeting of the Association of Catholic Secondary Schools of Minnesota was held at the Academy. This was the first meeting of the group to be held away from the Diocesan Teachers College—a move made necessary by the great increase in attendance the past few years. His Excellency, the Most Reverend James J. Byrne, D.D., Auxiliary bishop of St. Paul, was the luncheon speaker. The meeting was devoted to guidance with John P. Treacy, Ph.D., Head of the Department of Education at Marquette Univer- sity, as guest speaker. Two hundred and ninety-six delegates, 69 representing forty-one schools and other institutions of the five Minnesota dioceses were present. For the past five years, an Academy junior has been spon- sored by some Auxiliary of the American Legion to represent the school at Girls State which is held annually in June in the 4-H building at the State Fair Grounds. Qualifications for the position include: mental alertness; a vigorous, enthusiastic, and outstanding personality; honesty, thriftiness, and ability to get along well with others. Girls' State is a program in Americanism. It is a mythical state based on the government of Minnesota. The girls elect their own city, county, and state officials and take up the prob- lems confronting these officers in real life. The entire organiza- tion is non-partisan. There is no reference to actual political parties, and it is free from propaganda. The program also in- cludes a stunt night, recreational entertainment, educational tours, a daily newspaper, and community singing. Personnel and supervision are provided by counsellors. As a result of a mock election held by the Academy pupils on November 2, 1948, a Journal extra announced the election of Harry S. Truman, as president of the United States, just twenty- four hours before the country made the same decision. Thirty-two years after the apparition of Our Lady at Fatima, the Academy presented Lady of Fatima on May 8, 1949. The pupils had been prepared for the performance by a lecture given on April 20 by the Reverend

Thomas McGlynn, 0.P., of Rhode voting Island, on his experiences at Fatima. Father McGlynn is the sculptor of a statue of Our Lady of Fatima which he did under the direction of Lucy Dos Santos, one of the three children who 70 saw Our Lady, who is now a Carmelite nun. The 1949 volume of the year- book was also dedicated to Fatima with division pages of actual photo- graphs from the play. The next year the editors of Volume VII of the yearbook chose the Chris- topher Movement for the theme and had the distinction of having the Reverend James Keller, M.M. pose with them for a frontispiece picture. Color appeared for the first time in the Journal in the Christmas issue of 1945. By 1949 a twelve-page Journal with four pages of pictures was published as a graduation issue. The 1950 Journal was named a Paper of Distinction by the National Catholic Scholastic Press Association. Although fields of learning must ever be the same, the content of the curricula and the technics of teaching reflect the trends of the day to which they belong. Besides the college preparation build-up of four years in science, mathematics and the lan- guages, there is a very definite curriculum for non-college pupils. Typical of this are such subjects as general mathematics, elementary social problems, history survey, global geography, written-down literature, as well as vocational subjects in the fields of business, homemaking, crafts, art, speech, music and physical education. Technics of teaching in evidence are the panels, discussion groups, workshops, correlated units, and the large use of audio-visual helps. Classroom libraries, which at present make 4,800 volumes available to the pupils, show the accent on extensive rather than intensive reading. The core-subject in the pupils' learning is the Christ-centered religion course which calls for the life of Christ in the ninth grade, the liturgy of Christ's Church in the tenth grade, the sacramental life of Christ's grace in the eleventh grade, and 71 the moral values of Christ's teaching in the twelfth grade. All this religion teaching is augmented by weekly instruction by four priests from the Cathedral parish. The entire curriculum which includes both classroom teach- ing and extra-class activities (to which a period in the daily horarium has been devoted since 1928) is integrated by work- ing toward the goals which are the outgrowths of the school's philosophy of education. An emphasis on the vocation of stu- dent gives direction and greater value to the routine school day. Weekly assembly programs enrich the classroom teaching. Besides choral, instrumental and dramatic performances by the pupils, artists in all fields are invited to perform in the Ellen Ireland Auditorium; speakers and critics are scheduled; and groups of players, singers, and musicians are among the enter- tainers. Typical of the assembly programs are these selected from the past year: Donald Scott-Morrison, harpsichordist; Macbeth by the Catholic University players; Everyman by the dramatics pupils; William Mooring, Hollywood critic; St. Thomas College Band Concert; and Choral through the Cen- turies by the Glee Club. Pupils are prepared for these assem- blies by guide sheets, background reading, movie and record previews, and annotated programs. To insure that the extensive A-V program could be carried out, Sister Marie Richard was appointed the first coordinator. She organized the Audio-Visual Operators Club which functions as a service group in assisting teachers with their audio-visual instruction. The members order, schedule, receive and ship, and show all films. Sister Marie Richard, also, organized a spring A-V workshop for teachers when all catalogs, advertising materials and order blanks were made available to them to plan the schedule for next year's showings. The auditorium and three light-proof rooms are equipped for 72 picture showings. There are film, film strip and slide projectors; tape and disc recorders, and numerous victrolas and record players. At present there are 459 film strips, 157 slides, and 1,811 records; the past year lists a rental of 350 films. There are study guides available for many of the literature films. Another service club lately organized is the Camera Club whose mem- bers besides enjoying photography as a hobby, take pictures for the yearbook and newspaper and any other shots requested by faculty members. To insure adequate educational guidance, all pupils make out their programs every spring under the personal guidance of the registrar, Sister Mary Aloysius, who has not only their past record to consult, but also, has access to classification tests which they have taken and to recommendation and non-recom- mendation sheets which their teachers have submitted. Before program making week, a master program listing the old courses as well as the new additions to the curriculum is made. Christian Family Living is the only new course for next year. Current permanent cards carry personal, biographical, physical, schol- astic and mental records. As a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, the Academy is taking part in the five- year Evaluative Criteria Report. Up to date it has submitted reports to the state chairman on the school population, the school community, philosophy and objectives of the school, program of studies, pupils activity program, library ser- vice and guidance service. The devotional life of the pupils is enriched by the annual retreat, weekly holy hours, days of prayer, Missa Recitata on First Fridays, re- ligious films, Advent wreaths and Christmas crib, Missa Cantata at various times, May Day procession and crowning, and private visits to 73 to the Blessed Sacrament. All missionary activi- ties are sponsored by the Catholic Students Mis- sion Crusade which has a program of prayer, sacrifice and study. The apostolic life is fostered by opportuni- ties to practice the spiritual and corporal works of mercy through such activities as: member- ship in the C.Y.C. Catholic Action group, Con,- tact; clothing drives for underprivileged groups; catechetical work at the Christ Child and Mexican centers; distribution of literature and visitation of patients at Ancker Hospital; contri- bution to the Community Chest and other civic drives; and the making, delivering and arranging of holiday favors, table and window decorations for shut-ins. During the past few years the per capita contribution of pupils to such causes has been about six dollars a year. Social affairs have always had a place as valuable training for real life situations. In the spring of 1942 the Junior-Senior was held at the C.Y.C. with the big innovation of boy friends as guests and the party being held in the evening. This arrangement continued until 1949 when the Prom Ballroom became the place for the dance. Freshman and sophomore parties are all held at the Academy. A definite theme is carried out in all phases of the party and special training is given to all who are on committees. That all these class and extra-class activities take place in surroundings with more than adequate equipment and furnish- ings is due to a great measure to the generosity of pupils and alumnae. Between 1932 and 1945 the Alumnae Association contributed $11,267 raised from such projects as the sponsoring of Father Hubbard, the Glacier Priest, the Trapp Family Singers, and other such attractions. The pupils donated $10,091 earned by ticket sales for plays and operettas from 1946 to 1950. 74 Opportunities for inter-school activities among the Catholic high schools of the Twin Cities are furnished by the Play Festival, which has been held at the Academy of the Holy Angels up to this time; the Choral Festival, at the College of St. Thomas; and the Piano Festival which had its first meeting at St. Joseph's Academy this year. Basketball tournaments among the girls high schools which are held for six weeks every spring are another chance for interschool meetings. In the spring of 1948, Chapter Chats, the official organ of the Alumnae Association was resumed after a gap of nineteen years — this time in the form of a four-page newspaper. In answer to a challenge from the Reverend Joseph Baglio at the Day of Recollection held on March 5, 1950, for a "lit and burning" lay apostolate, the Alumnae Association established a lending library. At present there are forty-one books available to borrowers. The summer of 1950 saw an alumna, Sister Eugenie Peltier, Chapter 28, aboard a plane enroute to Hawaii where Sister will teach at St. John's grade school in Waipahu, Oahu, T.H. Preceding her to Hawaii by four years was Sister Marie Marce McMahon of Chapter 16. Works to the King, which was ready for distribution by Christmas of 1950, is the life of Mother Seraphine Ireland, the only alumna to have had her biography published in book form. Sister Clara, who is the author, was a teacher at the Academy for ten years before going to the College of St. Catherine. Sister Clara was later Provincial Superior of the St. Paul Province and Assistant General of the Congregation. The Alumnae Association celebrated its Golden Jubilee on May 26, 1951 when it received the largest graduating class in the history of the Academy into its ranks — the two hundred graduates of the Academy's 75 one-hundreth commencement becoming the Golden Jubilee chapter of the Asso- ciation. The occasion was marked by a buffet supper and entertainment using the golden jubilee theme. The alumnae's latest directory carries a mailing list of 4,300 addresses. Currently fifty-four alumnae have daughters attending the Academy and 175 alumnae have sisters attending the Academy. In point of service to the Association, Miss Jane Larkin of the Charter Chapter has the distinction of having been president of the Association from 1920-22, chapter president in 1931 and '32, and of having served as parlimentarian for the past twenty years. The enduring memorial to the loyalty and generosity of the St. Joseph's Academy Alumnae Association is the Holy Family Chapel as it is today. In 1936 the Misses Minnie and Nellie Bell, members of the Charter Chapter of the Association, donated the two side altars and the Carrara marble statues of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph. The marble in the Blessed Virgin's altar is Alps Green and Loredo Chiaro; that in the St. Joseph altar is Silver Gray Sienna and African Cipolino. The red and gold dossal which hangs behind the altar was given to the Academy by the Alumnae Association in 1937; the thirty- four solid oak pews, installed during Holy Week in 1946, were its next gift. As the hundredth anniversary of the Academy's beginning drew near, a Centennial Committee, consisting of the twenty-two living past presidents of the Association, was appointed. At their first meeting at the Academy on November 11, 1948, they formulated plans for a $25,000 Chapel Fund Drive to complete the furnishing and decorating of the Chapel. Their slogan in the literature which they sent out to alumnae was: "This is a 76 privilege that will come to you only once in a hundred years." The first gift from the drive was the main altar of Botticino marble which was made in Italy. Its only adornment is a mosaic in gold, green, azure, and rose symbolizing the Holy Family — the palm tree represents St. Joseph; the mystical rose, the Blessed Virgin; and the christogram, made up of the first two Greek letters in the name of Christ, Chi and Rho — is the traditional symbol for Christ. The altar arrived from Italy in January of 1949 and was installed in the chapel the next month. On Sunday, February 20, the Very Reverend Hilary B. Hacker, vicar general of the diocese, said the first Mass on it. The installation of this marble altar necessitated the removal of the relics of St. Irenaeus to a new reliquary in the rear of the chapel. At this ceremony which took place on Saturday after- noon, September 10, 1949, the Most Reverend John Gregory Murray, Archbishop of St. Paul officiated, assisted by Father Hacker. After the sealing of the relics, the Archbishop signed the document and spoke briefly to the assembled Sisters. Between Easter and Christmas of 1950, eleven eight-foot antique glass windows of Gothic design and four similar smaller ones were installed in the Chapel. Each transom carries a sym- bol of the Trinity or the Holy Family with a matching legend in English from the missal or breviary. On the casement windows there are alternate representations of the mystical rose and the passion flower. Windows were donated by Mr. and Mrs. Fred Kueppers in memory of their daughter Peggy who was graduated from the Academy in 1947 and killed in a plane crash shortly after; by Miss Minnie Bell in memory of her sister Nellie who died in November 2, 1949; by Mr. George Heimel in memory of Mrs. Heimel who died on January 6, 1950; by Marjorie Rae Blatz- heim, '30, Dorothy Rea Lavacot, '32 and Helen Rea Bisanz, '37 in memory of their great aunt, Miss Kate O'Brien, who gradu- 77 ated from the Academy in 1862; and by the Carroll Family in memory of Mother Xavier and Mother Anastasia. The decoration of the Chapel was seen by the alumnae for the first time at the Golden Jubilee benediction of the Blessed Sacrament. The ceiling is blue; the walls, greyed-rose; and the beams and wood work in two tones of gray. Symbols of the Holy Family on the beams are the only decorations in the nave. The sanctuary has a metal-leaf ceiling; the words: "How lovely are Thy tabernacles, 0 Lord of Hosts: My soul longeth and fainteth for the Courts of the Lord" done in gold, blue and red Gothic letters encircle the sanctuary. This text is taken from the Holy Family Mass. The pupils of the Academy, as future alumnae, very conscious of the approaching Centennial and wanting to have a part in beautifying the Chapel, presented the chapel with a Botticino marble-top altar rail with wrought iron gate and trimmings. Bronze medallions with symbols of the Holy Eucharist are set in. Father Hacker blessed the altar rail on December 21, 1948, in the presence of all homeroom presidents. Their latest gift is new lighting fixtures — bronze lanterns in Gothic design with faint amber glass. Just a year before their own centennial, the pupils of the Academy had the honor of taking part in the solemn commemo- ration of the centenary of the establishment of the Diocese of St. Paul when they, with thousands of other Catholic school pupils, sang the plain chant of the "Missa cum Jubilo" at the Solemn Mass on October 17, 1950, in the St. Paul Municipal Auditorium at which the Most Reverend Thomas A. Welsh, Bishop of Duluth, pontificated. The Right Reverend Monsignor Joseph A. Corrigan, pastor of St. Mark's parish, preached the centenary sermon in which he lauded the achievements of the two bishops and three archbishops who have governed the St. Paul Diocese during its one hundred years. The scholastic year 1950-51 showed the school's largest en- 78 rollment — an attendance of 798 pupils drawn from fifty-seven parishes located in all parts of St. Paul and in fourteen suburbs. To satisfy the needs of these pupils, a faculty and staff of fifty- two, including a principal, assistant principal, registrar, two librarians, forty-one teachers, nurse, study prefect, cafeteria manager, clerk, matron, two engineers and two maintenance men were required. The 1951 commencement exercises began with the class day assembly on May 31 in which the class history, will and pro- phecy were set in an Alice in Wonderland frame. On Sunday afternoon at a lawn reception the graduates in pastel formals received the hundreds of guests who came to congratulate them. The baccalaureate Mass and sermon in the Holy Family chapel by the Reverend Jerome Luger of St. Peter Claver's were on the morning of graduation day, followed by a breakfast at which the graduates were the guests of the faculty. The June 5 centennial commencement was a traditional one. The two hundred graduates in floor-length white formals and carrying arm bouquets of red roses came into the gardened stage in the Ellen Ireland Auditorium through a white wicker gate. They received their diplomas kneeling from the Most Reverend James J. Byrne, D.D., Auxiliary Bishop of St. Paul, who blessed each one. The Reverend Silverius N. Hauer of St. Jude's in Mahtomedi presented the graduates and read the awards. The address was given by the Reverend Joseph Kuncl of the Cathedral. The graduates massed on the stage sang two songs; they left the auditorium singing the school song as a farewell. On November 10, 1951, St. Joseph's Academy will round out one hundred years of service in the cause of Christian education. It looks forward eagerly to the joyous centennial celebration and sincere felicitations of pupils, friends and alumnae. Then as a second century begins, it must again take up the work of forming the integrated Christian personalities of youth. 79 APPENDIX COAT-OF.-ARMS The Sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet SIGNIFICANCE The completed escutcheon, adorned with the chief and embellished with the golden pale and its superimposed cross, carpenter's square, and blooming lily on azure field, supported on a rim of gold encircling a silver field is rich in the symbolism indicative of the origin, end, and identification of the congregation for which it stands.

The shield acts as a defender and protector to the chief and the pale marked thereon. Its field of azure is symbolic of the protection of heaven over those members of Christ's Mystical Body whose vows in the congregation have attached them to that King whose crown is seen to occupy the place of highest honor. The circle of black centered at the transverse beams of the cross symbolizes their death to the world that they might possess the cross of Christ alone. The carpenter's square, 83 symbol of their life of toil in imitation of their patron, Saint Joseph, bears the words Humility and Charity, the two virtues which are at once the foundation and the fruition of all their labors. The lily in full bloom proclaims their vow of chastity. The fleur-de-lis points to their origin in France and the crescent to the land of their present labors, since the crescent, besides being the symbol of Mary, patroness of America, is also found in the Coat of Arms of the state of Missouri, where the community made its first American foundation. The mullet stands for the dignity, the glory, and the grandeur of this land and of its Immaculate Protector, Mary. The white denotes deeds well done and worthy to be kept in memory.

84 COAT-OF-ARMS St. Joseph's Academy

The coat-of-arms of St. Joseph's Academy is a shield with silver lilies on an azure background upon which is an open book and a sword in gold.

Azure typifies success and good fortune in all undertakings. The lilies, symbols of St. Joseph, stand for both the name of the Academy and the religious order by which it is taught. The book signifies learning; the sword represents the great apostle, St. Paul, for whom the city (the location of the school) is named. Printed on the open book is the Academy motto, "Suboles Doctrinae Pietas," appropriately translated — "Reverence, Scion of Scholarship."

85 THE PHILOSOPHY of St. Joseph's Academy

The educational philosophy of St. Joseph's Academy is based on supernatural union with God and the principle that education , consists in preparing the pupil for what she must be and must do here below in order to attain the sublime end for which she was created. For precisely this reason, Christian education takes in the whole of human life, physical and spiritual, intellectual and moral, individual, domestic and social, not with the view of reducing it in any way, but in order to elevate, regulate, and perfect it, in accordance with the example and teaching of Christ. To accomplish this purpose the curriculum is organized to develop the student as a whole. The perfect personality of Christ and participa- tion in His divine life is given her as a pattern for building an inte- grated personality of her own. She is guided in self-activities of spiritual, mental, emotional, and moral discipline to the development of the powers of her mind, heart, and will which will enable her to know, love, and serve God, her neighbor, and her country. The cultivation of the social virtues for life and service in the family, the community, the State, and the Church is developed in the student not only by the curriculum but also by sacramental life, by extra-class activities, by contact with teachers, whose lives are dedicated to their work, and by living in an atmosphere permeated with the spirit of Christ. Together, teacher and pupil work for the molding of a Christ- like member of society, of the State, of the Church and of Heaven.

GOALS 1. The development of the soul in the knowledge, love and service of God and man. 86 2. The cultivation of the social and moral virtues consistent with full participation in family and community living. 3. The fostering of patriotism based on true understanding of the ideals and privileges of a democracy. 4. The acquiring of information, understandings and attitudes and the development of abilities and skills necessary for self-support by useful employment. 5. The promoting of an intelligent and profitable use of leisure. 6. The crystallization of the conviction that all activity must be directed to the attainment of the supernatural end for which the pupil is destined by her Creator.

THE S.J.A. PLEDGE

I will develop in myself a spiritual outlook; I will grow in appreciation of the beautiful; I will put service above self; 'I will acquire self-control and self-reliance; I will be loyal to my school; I will uphold her ideals; I will give her my strongest support at all times.

87 MARCH ON (Marching Song) I. Of our school we sing; To our school we bring All praise and admiration, Sincere congratulation. Though we may travel very far, Of our school we'll sing; To our school we'll cling With all the faithfulness and loyalty we owe Our dear Academy Chorus: March on! March on, St. Joseph's! Sing oh — sing high — sing low. Let our glad song best wishes tell, And let our voices swell. March on! March on, St. Joseph's! Cheer oh — cheer high — cheer low. We'll sing the words we love so well, The cheery words that say "March on." II. To our school we pay Every single day Sincere congratulation With joy and animation. Though we may live a long, long time, With our school we'll stay; Of our school we'll say That years of absence only heighten our love for The dear Academy.

88 ST. JOSEPH'S ACADEMY SCHOOL SONG

I. Dear S.J.A., no walls enclose Thy spirit in their hold; It lives in countless hearts that choose Thy tenets to uphold. Thy lily flow'r to us is dear; Thy torch of learning leads. Let us revere with words sincere Thy good and noble deeds.

CHORUS: School of happy mem'ries, dear Academy, Let the laurel branches be a crown to thee. Dauntless guide of youth, teaching it to soar, God who gave thee blessing, give thee blessings more. God who gave thee blessing, give thee blessings more.

II. Dear S.J.A., our love for thee Has strong within us grown; Accept our pledge of loyalty To make thy cause our own. Our aim shall be to bring thee fame, And gladden all thy days. Let us proclaim thy glorious name And sing aloud thy praise.

89