MAPPING OF TREES OUTSIDE FORESTS (TOF) AND STRIP FORESTS IN WITH HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE DATA

Mothi Kumar K. Elisha Haryana Space Applications Centre (HARSAC) (www. harsac.org) HARSAC (Department of Science and Technology, Haryana) (www.harsac.org)

Vision

Harnessing the potential of Geospatial Technologies for developmental planning in the state of Haryana

Mission  Nodal agency for all Remote sensing, GIS, GPS and UAV based surveys in Haryana  Mapping, monitoring and management of natural resources, environment and infrastructure  Promoting research, education and capacity building in remote sensing and GIS  Creating, storing, analyzing, retrieving and supplying spatial digital data  Successfully completed more than 175 national and state level projects  Resource Development in the field of Geo Spatial technology  M. Tech (Geo Informatics) with GJU S & T,

Haryana  Haryana state lies between 27°39' - 30° 55' N and 74°27' - 77° 36' E. Geographical area of Haryana is 4421200 ha (1.3% TGA of ). Consists of 22 districts.

 Haryana is bounded by Uttar Pradesh in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north and Rajasthan in the south, Haryana adjoins Delhi on three sides.

 Agriculturally Haryana state is an intensively cultivated state (80%) and rich state in northwest India.

 The rainfall varies from 213 mm in the southwest to 1,400 mm in the northeast. The rainfall is meagre, particularly in the districts of and Hissar.

 Recorded forest area 1,767 sq. kms (www.esaharyana.gov.in) and deficient in natural forests. Forest Sector in Haryana

Forest Survey of India Report (2017)  Forest Cover in the state is 1588 sq.km which is 3.59% of the state's geographical area.  Tree Cover in the state is 1282 sq. km which is 2.90% of the Geographical area.  Thus Forest and Tree Cover of the Haryana state is 6.49% of its Geographical area. (based upon the Dec.2015 Satellite Data interpretation).

Forest in Haryana classified as :  Reserve Forest (RF).  Protected Forest (PF).  Unclassified Forest (UCF) (Section 38).  PLPA (Section 4 & 5).  Aravalli Plantation (AP).  Gair Mumkin Pahad  Bhood Land. Trees Outside Forest (ToF)

 Trees outside the Forest are defined by default, as all trees excluded from the definition of forest and other wooded lands.

 Trees outside the Forest are located on "other lands", mostly on farmlands and built-up areas, both in rural and urban areas.

 A large number of TOF consist of planted or domesticated trees. TOF include trees in agro forestry systems, orchards and small woodlots. They may grow in meadows, pastoral areas and on farms, or along rivers, canals and roadsides, or in towns, gardens and parks.

 The concept of “Trees outside Forests” (TOF) emerged in 1995 to designate trees growing outside the forest and not belonging to Forest or Other Wooded Land. The term represents an effort to concentrate attention that had been spread out on components of this rather diffuse resource: agro forestry, urban and rural forestry. Need of the Hour

 National Forest Policy (1988) has set a goal to bring one third of Country’s area under forest and tree cover. Such a goal can’t be achieved in the state of Haryana where 81% of land under agriculture. This can be achieved through agro-forestry on farm lands and tree plantation on all waste lands in the State.

 One of the mandate of HFD is to afforest for maintenance of environmental stability and restoration of ecological balance affected by serious depletion of forests, woodlands and water, and to increase tree cover in the state and to bring forest and tree cover to 10 % by the end of the year 2020 so as to realize the ultimate goal of 20% in a phased manner.

 Since its inception, HFD has put tremendous efforts to promote the increase in the tree cover through various means.  Thus there's need was felt to assess the existing forest cover in the state. HFD requested HARSAC to map the Trees Outside Forest areas (TOF) and to Digitize the existing Strip Forests in the state using the High Resolution Satellite Data. Data sets and Methodology

Satellite Data  Cartosat 1 2016 / 17  IRS P6 LISS IV of year 2017 / 18  Resolution merge of Cartosat and LISS IV (2.5 mtrs)  Pan sharpened image with spatial resolution of 2.5 mtrs

Satellite Sensor Spatial Resolution Year Cartosat-1 PAN 2.5 m 2017 IRS Resoursesat-2 LISS-IV 5.8m 2017 / 18 Cartosat / LISS IV Data

Image Rectification

Resolution Merge Field Verification

Image Elements

Trees outside Forests (ToF)

Individual ToF Formations Linear ToF Formations Block ToF Formations

Small Canals Farm Forest

Rivers Large Scrub

Railway lines Horticultural Plantations Roads

Miscellaneous Plantation Farm Bunds Spatial Database on TOF Mapping

 Tree cover mapping has been done using IRS Cartosat-1 PAN data and P6 LISS IV multispectral data.

 Data was analysed / interpreted in ERDAS and ArcMAP environment employing on screen digitization methods with suitable land cover legends.

 Interpreted data was evaluated for the quality by internal expertise, with preparation of land cover statistics.

 Inputs for this component included satellite data and its acquisition, geometric correction, contrast enhancement, legend standardization, on screen interpretation and quality control steps. Resolution merge (Cartosat and LISS IV Data) Components of ToF Point ToF  Single crown  Clustered crowns Line ToF formations  Canals  Rivers  Roads  Railway lines Block ToF formations  Farm bunds  Farm forests  Plantations  Horticultural Plantations  Scrub TOF Classification System Level I Level II Level III

Points Large Small Cluster

Line Formations Canals Well Stocked Under Stocked Rivers Well Stocked Under Stocked Roads Well Stocked Under Stocked Railway Line Well Stocked Under Stocked Farm Bunds Well Stocked

Block Formations Farm Forests Stocked Under Stocked Horticultural Plantations Well Stocked

Under Stocked Miscellaneous Plantation Well stocked

Under Stocked Scrub Open Dense Spatial Distribution of various ToF classes in Haryana

Sr. TOF Classes Area (ha) % TGA No 1 Farm Forests 17187.72 0.38

2 Horticultural Plantations 8701.25 0.19

3 Miscellaneous Plantations 31896.95 0.72

4 Scrub 25709.13 0.58

5 Total 83495.05 1.88 Sr. No Code Category No. of Trees Area (ha) Length (kms) % TGA

1 1.1 Large Trees 2577036 2 1.2 Small Trees 150146 3 1.3 Cluster Trees 44350 4 2.1 Farm Forests Well stocked 15553.2 0.35 5 2.2 Farm Forests Under Stocked 1848.1 0.04 6 2.3 Horticultural Plantations 5031.68 0.11 Well stocked 7 2.4 Horticultural Plantations 3702.38 0.08 Under Stocked 8 2.5 Miscellaneous Plantation 21443.91 0.48 Well stocked 9 2.6 Miscellaneous Plantation 10468.1 0.23 10 2.7 Scrub Open 20872.8 0.47 11 2.8 Scrub Dense 5823.66 0.13 12 3.1 Canals Well Stocked 7493 13 3.2 Canals Under Stocked 3517 14 3.3 Rivers Well Stocked 605.51 15 3.4 Rivers Under Stocked 157.84 16 3.5 Roads Well Stocked 12777.6 17 3.6 Roads Under Stocked 7559 18 3.7 Railway Line Well Stocked 787 19 3.8 Railway Line Under Stocked 219 20 3.9 Farm Bunds Well Stocked 6086 21 3.10 Farm Bunds Under Stocked 3248.9 22 3.11 Farm Bunds 124 Richness of information derived from fused images Horticulture Plantation

Cartosat-1

LISS-IV Resolution merged image (Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV) TOF along Canals - Well Stocked TOF along Canals Resolution merged image (Cartosat-1 and LISS-IV)

Fine scale forest canopy and plantation structure details

Forests and plantation seen with best details of crown sizes / growth stage

B

A

A - Orchards B – Deciduous forest C – Crown size (17 m dia) Extraction of Horticulture Plantations in Ramnagar (Gurugaon) Miscellaneous plantation near Sasroli Village (Jhajjar District)

Horticultural plantation near Teja khera Village (Sirsa District) Farm Bunds near to Katwara village ( District)

Canal : Well stocked plantation (Kurukshetra District) The picture can't be displayed. Project Highlights

 First time in the country on large scale mapping (10 k scale) of ToF has been undertaken by any Forest Department.  Total No. of Maps prepared on 10 k Scale : 986  Duration of the project : 18 months (01 May 2018 to 31.12.2019)  Trees outside Forests (TOF) plays an important role in global carbon cycling, since they are large pools of carbon as well as potential carbon sinks and sources to the atmosphere.  The present study successfully demonstrates the potential of finer spatial resolution of IRS Cartosat 1 and LISS-IV satellite data to map various ToF categories in the state of Haryana (1:10 K scale). Digitization of Strip Forests in Haryana Need of the Hour

 For the Sustainable Development of Forest resources in the state, the Haryana Forest Department (HFD) has undertaken plantations along the roads, canals, railway lines etc. has been done in the state, which constitutes a substantial area to large scale plantations.

 The status of ToF would also indicate the success of afforestation projects such as social forestry and wasteland development.

 The Data pertaining to ToF as well as the Strip Forests are mostly absent from official statistics, policy initiatives for its management are also hurdled with time consuming methods of age-old inventorying.

 There is a need felt to create digital data base of the Notified Strip Forest wealth in the state using the High Resolution Satellite Data. Objectives

 Digitization of existing roads (National Highway, State Highways, District Highway, City Road and Village roads), Canals (River, streams, main canals, distributaries etc) and Railway lines (Broad gauge, meter gauge etc.) on 1:2 k scale using the World view - II (50 cms resolution) for identification of Strip Forest.

 Creation of forest buffer zone consists of width of the strip forests as per the HFD Notification / Field Details. Classification of Network Details Category Linear Type Features Type Description Code Road 1. Pacca Road 1. National Highway TPPN 2. State Highway TPPS 3. District Highway TPPD 4. City Road TPPC 5. Village Road TPPV 2. Kaccha Road 1. Village Road TPKV 2. Cart Road TPKC Drainage 1. River DRRV 2. Stream DRST 3. Main Canal CANM 4. Branch Canal CANB 5. Distributory Canal CAND Railway lines 1. Broad gauge TPRBG 2. Meter gauge TPRMG Bunds BUND WV Satellite Data

HFD Notification Data Ortho Rectification (length / width etc)

Creation of Line Features

Creation of Strip Forest Zone

Ground Truth Verification

Data Base Integration

Overlay on the Latest Satellite / Google Data (optional)

Planning HFD Notification Details

Area Strip Name Side Beat Block Range From To Length Width Start Point (GPS) End Point (GPS) (ha) Lat. Long. Lat. Long. Balsamand to LEFT Balsamand Balsamand Adampur 0 5 5 KM 29.52 4.5 29.073142 75.481907 29.052606 75.444665 Bhadra Road

Balsamand to RIGHT Balsamand Balsamand Adampur 0 5 5 KM 29.52 4.5 29.073142 75.481907 29.052606 75.444665 Bhadra Road

Hisar to LEFT Balsamand Balsamand Adampur 23 28 5 KM 40 6.09 29.068578 75.510496 29.068613 75.488981 Balsamand

Hisar to RIGHT Balsamand Balsamand Adampur 23 28 5 KM 40 6.09 29.068578 75.510496 29.068613 75.488981 Balsamand

Khara Kheri to LEFT Bhoria Adampur Adampur 6 11 5 KM 29.52 4.5 29.36753 75.51471 29.38078 75.46591 Bhattu Road Bishoniya

Khara Kheri to RIGHT Bhoria Adampur Adampur 6 11 5 KM 29.52 4.5 29.36753 75.51471 29.38078 75.46591 Bhattu Road Bishoniya

Asrawan to LEFT Jagan Agroha Adampur 0 1 1 KM 19.68 0.6 29.285008 75.597748 29.278918 75.600935 Kalirawan Road

Asrawan to RIGHT Jagan Agroha Adampur 0 1 1 KM 19.68 0.6 29.28498 75.597667 29.277952 75.600814 Kalirawan Road Work Steps

 Onscreen digitization techniques were used to create line network (roads, canals, railway line etc.) on 1:2 K scale by using WV – II data

 Buffer creation with given width and length in HFD data by using geo-processing tool in Arc-map software

 Interlinking Non Spatial detail given in the notification data with buffer.shp  Convert .shp file into .kml file and overlay on Google Earth DHS Road – Badopal (Fatehabad District) Centre of the Road Divider (8 ft) Metallic portion of the road (24’ L + 24’ R) Berm portion (10 ft) Strip Forest Area (55 ft) DHS Road in Fatehabad District (Badopal)

Data base showing the details Gaps in Strip Forest

1. Overlapping of width between two roads, road vs canal or road vs railway lines 2. Intersection between roads – roads; roads–canals etc. 3. Conversion of two lane roads to four lanes, where the strip forests area is not matching as per the notification details. 4. Notification width is matching only on one side. 5. Mostly the width of the strip forests were wrongly given…in some cases personally discussed with respective DFO’s and got rectified, while in some cases still the width data need to rectified. Overlap of Road and Canal strip GT Road and Drain No.1 (Panipat Range) Overlap of Road and Canal strip GT Road and Drain No.1 (Panipat Range)

Roads with buffer Canal Buffer Roads and Canal

Overlap issues continued….. Intersection of Road and Canal Chamrara Minor and Mandi to Bandh road (Israna beat, Panipat) Chamrara Minor and Mandi to Bandh road (Israna beat, Panipat)

Field Photographs (Ambala District) Area Comparison Between HFD Notification and GIS Layer ()

Range Length (km) Area (ha) Difference

HFD GIS Layer HFD GIS Layer Length (km) Area (ha)

Hisar 1860.36 1837.66 1843.03 1844.08 -22.7 1.04

Hansi 1726.75 1697.82 1437.91 1421.38 -28.93 -16.53

Adampur 2242.87 2248.74 1824.85 1821.49 5.79 -3.4

Total 5829.98 5784.22 5105.79 5086.95 - 45.84 -18.89 Comparison of Area (ha) between Notification and GIS layer (Hisar Forest Division)

Area in notification Area in Digitized GIS Layer

5105.79 5086.95

581.85 582

BLOCK FOREST STRIP FOREST Utility of the Database

 Status of encroachment.  Cross checking with the notification details.  Areas for potential afforestation sites (new areas such as new highways, bypass roads).  Areas to be freshly notified.  Identification of the gap areas for plantation drive, to be taken on priority (existing notification areas).  Updating the existing forest notifications details.  Moving towards G – Governance. Cadastral information overlaid on WV II data POTENTIAL AFFORESTATION SITES (JAGAN TO DURJANPUR ROAD) New areas to be notified (Landhri to Fransi road) Encroachment identification (Sarsod to Bhuna road)

Encroached Area (Status of new coming Bypass between 2011 and 2017)

2011

2017 Updation of Notification Details

29°12'54.46"N 75°28'30.61“E

Hisar Major Canal (Modha Khera beat) mentioned in notification, but not present on ground near Siswal village Total Green Cover Base map - Yamunanagar District Block Forest Forest Cover Density Mapping TOF - Polygon Features TOF - Polygon and Line Total Green Cover (Block + Polygon + Line + Point)  The Financial help rendered by Haryana Forest Department (HFD), Govt. of Haryana is thankfully acknowledged.  Technical Support rendered by NRSC, ISRO is also thankfully acknowledged. Thank You

Trees outside Forest in Haryana Sr. District Name Farm Forests Horticultural Plantations Miscellaneous Plantations Scrub Others Area Total Area 1 Panchkula 1162.07 270.22 4715.1 1058.78 951.19 Non Forest 8157.35 2 Ambala 2191.01 659.92 1653.93 580.36 5085.22 3 Yamunanagar 8715.07 1649.45 1240.37 1275.79 12880.7 4 Kaithal 86.54 64.53 1227.77 469.37 1848.21 5 Kurukshetra 612.4 230.05 778.02 297.57 33.96 wild life 1951.72 sanctuary 6 Karnal 355.58 67.29 209.12 1157.19 1789.93 7 Panipat 509.22 33.42 146.59 1357.19 2046.45 8 Sonipat 276.47 110 412.9 803.2 1602.57 9 Rohtak 235.25 91.39 253.08 355.21 934.93 10 Jhajjar 88.4 140.76 549.82 1952.54 2731.53 11 Sirsa 106.25 3528.55 575.72 831.56 5042.55 12 Fathebad 97.16 344.72 134.33 137.69 713.9 13 Hisar 432.97 531.19 1961.32 3701.57 6627.05 14 1038.37 492.64 863.06 7550.02 9944.1 15 Jind 94.45 33.38 48.12 97.08 270.15 16 114.7 63.62 2896.48 1236.74 4311.56 17 103.83 52.49 198.36 255.19 609.89 18 Nuh 81.74 44.42 3999.9 33.18 4151.24 19 Gurugram 469.13 185.52 2013 221.88 2889.53 20 211.92 39.38 2397.19 710.18 1789.93 21 Mahendergarh 2.87 9.41 4812.23 1580.93 6405.44 Total 16985.4 8642.35 31086.41 25663.22 81783.95