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AUTHOR Matiwana, Mizana; And Others TITLE The Struggle for Democracy. A Study of Community Organisations in Greater from the 1960s to 1988. Update. INSTITUTION University of the , Bellville (). Centre for Adult and Continuing Education. REPORT NO ISBN-1-86808-004-8 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 378p.; For a related document, see ED 389 834. AVAILABLE FROM Centre for Adult and Continuing Education, University of the Western Cape. P:ivate Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC16 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Accountability; Adult Education; Black Education; Blacks; Case Studies; Community Development; *Community Education; *Community Organizations; *Democracy; Educational Change; Educational Needs; Educational Practices; Educational Trends; Foreign Countries; Leadership; Motivation; Organizational Change; Organizational Effectiveness; Organizational Objectives; *Political Socialization; Public Affairs Education; *Role of Education; Voluntary Agencies IDENTIFIERS Popular Education; *South Africa (Cape Town)

ABSTRACT This document presents the findings of a comprehensive study of community organizations in Greater Cape Town from the 1960s to 1988 and the role of those organizations in the struggle for democracy in South Africa. It is divided into four sections. Section 1 presents background information on community organizations in South Africa, defines the term "voluntary association," and characterizes South Africa's voluntary associations. In section 2, selected South African community organizations are characterized from the following standpoints: membership, leadership, authority, accountability, motivation, and educational practices. Section 3 consists of two case stuuies. The first is a case study of selected community organizations in Greater Cape Town from the late 1970s to 1984, whereas the second focuses on Cape Town's community organizations from 1985 to 1988. Section 4, which constitutes more than two-thirds of the document, is an extensive table characterizing a total of 362 existing and defunct community organizations in Greater Cape Town. The organizations are listed by the following categories: civics; community work agencies; cultural; education, research, resource, and information; political; student and youth; and women. The following information is provided for each organization: name, life span, aims, main activitiesvand contacts/addresses. Contains 250 references.(MN) 51: N WE A THE rPt, Offi U S ce ot EduCorat DEPARTMENT OF a. Resean..n antlitrpt.ntatnont EDUCATION Furuga r 4 ThisEDUCFIONAL docurnont hasRESOURCES been 7 trom the person or CENTER tERIC) reproduced asINFORMATIONorganization CI Minor_ Aecowecichanges have originating it been in qualityittn to .4 improvePointsaloedocument reproduction ot OF_RIview door position opinionsnot necessaidy or policy stated in this represent 6 4re MATERIAL"PERMISSION HAS TO BEEN REPRODUCE GRANTED THIS BY - 1 *WI --- BEST COPY AVAILABLE ''' - - LitlIFORMATIONTO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES CENTER (ERIC) 2 1 CaceatWHAT the is located University IS within CACE? of the the Faculty Western of Education Cape. It is tionally,involvedattainmentanding educationoppressed inwith the of an promotionwhicha both non-racialoverall servesindividually commitmentof democratictheadult needs and and ofcontinu- organisa- society. tothe thtt poor CACE is committed to achieving thisandprovisionongoinginformal, through community research nonformalof appropriate educators and formalresources teaching to adult

Cover by Tim James, Liz MacKenzie and Zelda Groener 4 L-_-Trn etugg ^ ©A study of `RigT DgEMCGTEW Mizana Matiwana, Shirleycommunity Walters and organisations Zelda Groener in Greater Cape Town from the 1960's to 1988 In

CENTRE FOR ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE 1989 t)y 6 Published by Centre tor Adult and Continuing Education (CACE) Printed by S&S Printers ISBN 1-86808-004-8 ThisACKNOWLEDGEMENTS is the second edition of this publication. In this edition Townganisationsadditionalthe survey area is chapter ofduringupdated community thiswhich from period. pointsorganisations1985 toto 1988.trends in There and the issuesGreater is also for Capean or- filledallproduction those in andpeople of returned this who publication. gavequestionnaires. their Wetime wish toThe be toMany natureinterviewed thank people of very the sincerelyandresearch have who contributed to the research and the sensitive.reinstatedresearchStateand the of periods Emergency for Undereach the inyear Firstthese which beingsince Edition circumstances the then,declared data was madewas inin being weprogresstheCape wereprnject gathered, Town veryand politically while itwithpleased being the contributionwithandAbrahams,range the Cecild-Ann oflevel people. who ofof cooperation our assisted PearceWe colleagues wish whowith whichto patientlytheacknowledge Abner researchwe received typed Jack at in differentand fromandparticular retyped Davida widestages, thethe AugustMizanasurvey update. 1989Matiwana, Shirley Walters and Zelda Groener SECTION 11 BACKGROUNDINTliODUCTIONCOM:07Z TO COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA 97 SECTION 2 CHARAC I ERISTICS OF CERTAIN COMMUNITYMembership;VoluntaryDefinitions associations of ORGANISATIONS Leadership; voluntary in associations SouthAuthority; Africa Accountability; 13 SECTION 3 CASE STUDY ONE: COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONSCAPEMotivation;Why TOWN did community Educational FROM IN GREATER THEorganisations practices LATE 1970'S proliferate TO 1984 in Cape Town at this time? 23 CASE STUDY TWO: COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONSCAPEorganisationsWhy did' TOWN democracy' and FROM what IN become 1985GREATER did itTO mean?an 1988 important ideological concept for these 47 SECTION 4 SURVEY OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATIONSCommunityCivicsCategoriesCAPE TOWN IN of work Community FROM agencies THE Organisations: 1960'S TO 1988 61 Education,StudentPoliticalCulturalWomen and research, youth resource anil itV'ormation NOTESINDEXCONCLUSION 164182165 INTRODUCTION TheWestern(CACE) Centre Capewas for Adultestablished (UWC) and in Continuing April at the 1985. University EducationAt that of time, the withfutureresearch. limited research This commentary. nublication by presenting lays It in aimsthe Part foundations toFour raise raw more data for theconsistsworkProject.Organisation first withinproject Thisof: thethatpublication Research CORE was set Project. isupand one was Education ofThe the the CORECommunity results (CORE) Project of the thequestionsProjectas field. a `preface' thanwas basedprovide to future, on answers the more understanding and substantial should thatbe Awork seen secondcom- in reason for undertaking the CORE 1. maintenanceThe(Greaterganisations ongoing Cape ofand in a Town systematicthedata-base Greater extends on development Cape communityfrom TownSimonstown andor-area. ticulartowithinknownmunity greater societies. organisations,'moments'to ethnic'rise and They or in fall'social orhistory. often voluntary at consciousnesstimesproliferate The associations,of study social in responseof at crisiscom- par- are to posters,collectionSomersetofTable , Bay Wellington,booklets, toWest.) of Atlantis pressclippings, This newsletters, toStellenbosch, Bellvilledatabase to includespamphlets, occasional theStrand, fringe andthe Theseinterestingmunitycommunityin South perspectives organisations, Africa.perspectives organisations Thehave information ononly therefore,contemporary isbegun exceedingly concerningto be provides explored history. sparse. local 2. andorganisationsResearchpapers contemporary and into academic invarious order developments; theses; toaspects document of community historical Thistoganisations.historical popularpublication relevance educational hopes of to rathera illustratestudy than of communitytheacademic potentialThe con- third or- reason for the CORE Project relates 3. Theoperate.ganisationsandpopular dissemination a deeper form and inunderstanding orderthe of context toresearch stimulate withinof community findings reflection which theyin or-on tiontestifies,cerns. of'social Ascommunity 1985-1988 the crisis'. data organisationsinThe has Part seenproject, Four yet of anotherinthrough thisresponse publicajon prolifera- educational to me focusedprocessdriven by onof a numberself-educationan earlier of considerations. research within community Firstly,The establishmentin or-the of the CORE Project was project', which andmoretualisemembersevents democratic effective andand of reflect through community infuture theon their publications, strugglein Southorganisations work for Africa.in aorder aimsnonracial, to to contex-become assist just highlightbeginningtionstheganisations dearth was theofapparent.to within informationfill importance the Cape gapThrough Town inon of our community the thein knowledge the areaProject early for organisa- wefurther 1980s,and are to lows: Themunity plannedstudy organisations begins sequence with in ofbackground Souththe study Africa. isto as com- fol- 7 0 organisationsIt then provides and antheir overview primary ofcharacteristics, community criticismsRequest for and your Ideas comments, communityTheas firstdescribed third focuses section organisationsin onthe thepresents literature. early in1980's.two Cape case Two Town. studies questions The of greaterWeadditionalyears.'snapshot' see Cape this It is publication informationaTown of preliminary community area during asand study.an insights attemptorganisations the We last wouldwhich totwenty-five present welcomeyou in maythea gentan'moment'?tionsare important addressed: organisations proliferate Why ideological why did at and 'democracy'didthat what community conceptparticular did becomeitfor mean? historicalorganisa-the emer- such The be able to offer. Thearoundsecond1988. final, communityfocuses substantial on developmentsorganisations section presents fromwithin data 1985 and on thediscussionditionalpresentedto community locate researchfrom with of organisations the thevery data is1960's limitedrequired is possible. to that commentary.1988. before we wereThe in data abledepth Ad- is byTheHOWSomestudents a firstrange TO ofedition andofUSE the people memberssections THISof this from PUBLICATION publicationmayof academic community be more hasresearchers interestingorganisations. been used to to timeswrittenyoucanissues.) than preparedstand in others. anWe on academic haveits more The own. written first popular style.We three thereforethc (We material sectionssections have recommend at on haveso different similarthat been cach that 8 appropriateyou study thesection. index page and then turn to the 1 2 COMMUNITYBACKGROUND TO ideologicalworkersCivil society and it....,ggles isothers the sphere engage and where where in political political capitalists, par-and IntroductionAFRICAORGANISATIONS IN SOUTH ence.varietyties,strugglesit istrade It also ofis not otherunions, thewhich only sphere organisations thereligiousarise sphere of out all of bodies popular-democraticof comethe class different andinto struggles: a exist- great ways usedassociations.Community'voluntary interchangeably. organisations In associations', this publication In theare formsliterature 'NGthese of Os'voluntaryterms the (non-term are damentalstruggletionrace,in which and generation, so forpeopleclasses on. hegemony Thus arelocaltakes it grouped is community,place.... betweenin civil together society the region, two bythat fun-sex, na-the mentvoluntarygovernmentalcivildescribe organisations) society. organisations) these organisations), organisations are and some SMOs ofwhich TVOs' names ' (social form (private used move- part to of areasstoodState shouldwith as being clearly not, physically according defined boundaries dividedto Gramsci, into between beseparateThe under- distinction the between civil society and the unions,private'civilsociations society political organisations which as parties, comprising are distinct suchcultural as fromall andchurches, the thevoluntary 'so-called processesGramsci, trade as- of as elaborated by Simon2, defined Africa.voluntaryState.relationstwo. It This isThe belongingpossible associations pointbest illustration is forimportant to an both inorganisation ofcontemporary civil forthis the societyis todiscussion tobe embody foundand South the ofin state.production Gramsci and states from that:the public apparatusessocietyall of the the organisationsare the result of which a complex make network up civil of tantThecertainandthus UWCsite the b.:of for State.seentheis counter-hegemonica universities,State to embody institution forms particularly but ofactivity. is both also the civilan It UWC.impor- could society relations:societyses,thesocial struggle capital practices is the composed between and relations and labour.... socialthe of two production,three relations, Thus fundamental sets a capitalistincludingof the social basicclas- Town.thefocus counter-hegemonic of The this criteria study, whichfor movementthe were most used part, in Greaterfor formThe including part community Cape of organisations which are the 13 civerelationsociety.all relations other between social which labourrelations characterise and which capital; thc make State;the upcoer- and civil organisations in the survey were that they byganisationsprivate,be: the State non-governmental which in any were way; not directly community subsidised or- 9 tioncalorganisations issues, or leisure; rather concerned than exclusively with social with and recrea- politi- The4.come organization from voluntary should sources. be non-profit-making.Motive These- they criteria were wereused difficultmore as toa guide.implement In certain preciselyformalorganisations cases, education concerned within theirwith fieldsinformal of interest. or non- financingtherelationshipabsolute, statutory and for authoritiesbetween inthe certain voluntary voluntary is countries not clearcut.associations associations like MuchBritain,It should in of factand thethe be noted that these factors are not lishedchoseuniversities,as associations'with into the theinclude universitiesrecentthe and complexity certain 'civilspate which projectssociety' of of projects matcheddefming was recently manifest. withinmost 'voluntary estab- of the the We Theoftenpartsand relationships comes governments of the from world.5 betweenthe vary central The substantiallyfocusvoluntary or local for thisgovernment.associations instudy,how- different ASSOCIATIONSformcriteria,DEFINITIONS of Stateeven subsidy.though OF someVOLUNTARY of them may receive a tinguishessociationsobtainever, is any on thatfunding betweenvoluntary have from Lwobeen associations the broaddeveloped. statutory categories, which authorities.MorrieThere do those dis-arenot various typologies of voluntag as- Thetionliteratureclearcut definition of a voluntaryThere of aare 'voluntaryassociation numerous association'turns defmitions on four is factors: in not the 3 and as Johnson 4 concludes, the defini- organisationskindsonprovisionvice, the and ofsocial organisations ofthose whose leisureservice which primary facilities. category in are this purpose concernfid byMurrayarea. identifying isFirst social withthere ser- three theare elaborates Thewhostatutory 1.organisation have authority come togetherdoes but consistsnot voluntarily. owe of its a groupexistenceMethod of people toofformation whatactivitygroups,anotherwhose he calls services with somegroup. caring the of provisionSecond, arewhich organisations: provided combine ofthere services. by are organisationspressure one the Finally group pressure group there for The2.providedbersits organization own determine constitution and the is the methodsself-governing andactivities, its to own be theadopted. policy.and services decides MethodThe They mem- toon arebeof government arguesconcentratearesignificantly organisations that theon helpingthreein characterof kindsthe their self-help of andown organisations purposes. membership. category The differ who char-He theyunderAt3. canleast no selectlegal some obligationtheir of the own organization's clients.to provide a moneyservice,Method should. and of finance teristicofworkerganisationacteristic the seivice relationshipand relationship isthe betweenare client; two in distinctthe involuntary aself-helpproviders service-providing groups. or organisation andprofessional The receivers charac- or- is lb inorthat andcommon;mental between therereceivers disability is themembers no ofrelationship sharp theor who whoservices.distinction haveshare is one aPressure a problembetween social,of mutual groups physical orproviders need aid, are Town.11tionsTheremined in arethe South From banningvery Africa, anfew analysisof studies persons.10 and more of of available voluntary specifically directories associa- Cape membersbeyondprimarily the or concerned clients.confines ofwith the relationships organisationIn thatand this itsgo study the concern is with 'social service' limmunityattheirof differentvoluntary News, scope newsletters, The and times,associations, Herald, compiled from the The local studying whichby Argus, differentnewspapers are the the very Cape sourceslocal limited i.e. Times, com-Mus- and in SOUTHVOLUNTARYtions.8rather than AFRICA 'leisure' ASSOCIATIONS orientated voluntary IN associa- voluntaryGrassroots,veys,African from associations Institute South questionnaires and of inRacethe 1985 Weekly Relations sentand 287 outMail, (SAIRR)toin the1988,165 South known and Sur- understudyvoluntaryrangeIn South areofthe statutory Africa notassociationsNational registered social and Welfare whichservicesnon-statutory as welfare Act, are are theand organisations'supplied focus bodies.they ofdo by The thisnot a preliminaryCapewhoandfrom an have personal Town, additional been list it interviews active has of20 voluntary interviewsbeen in voluntary withpossible associationsin 36 1988 peopleassociations to withcompile in whichpeople 1985 ina obtainedundertionalare usually the sources,any Fundraising fundingfunded and fromfromare Act. not private,the necessarily government. local orThereregistered interna-They am no laws which directly affect the overviewpublication.commentary,were established of voluntary is presented in the associations, 1960s in Section up until with Four 1988. Onesome of This thisglaring gap in the infonnation on volun- tions,membershipexample,which yet, affect as theWollheim9or activitiesGroupthem indirectly. Areas points of independent Act, out, These thethere Movement include,organisa-are many for of inreasonorganisationstary Sectionthe associations, African that Four. a wider in townships the is spread theAfrican lack of of Capeoftownships. voluntary available Town associationsIt datais is included for on thisthe (renamedlatter,tomobiliseBlack stop Personsare organisational the the the StateInternal Suppression Act, repressive and Securityactivities. many of apparatuses ActCommunismothers Examples in 1976, which in ofwhich order Actcanthe engagedingtheir class poverty indevises informal andall sortssector oppression. of activities strategies Many such to cope peopleas Websterbrew- with are 12 has found in that the work- thechangedoctrineincluded category by advocating within disorderly of 'unlawfulthe political,category means. organisation' The socialof 'communist' Act and also economic and created per-any alsolikeinadequateing beer,and burialfound societiesinincome hawking his survey through and food, ofcredit Nyangasmalland societies. they self-help in flesh Cape Dludla1" outgroups; Town, their 11 that a high percentage of people were involved in a notes the preponderance of the petit bourgeoisie in notes,alized'.ticetheirrange likevarious ofdefensive All sociala bus these needs. boycottinstitutions responses organisations As he can pointsby which become the outare,working helped 'Even institution-as Webster to classa meetprac- to theirexpressedvoluntaryin(UDF) 1983.participation structures associations.byThese certain will in when the tradebe ItUniteddiscussed theyalso unionists wereechoes Democratic more firstin sentiments relation fullyestablished Front later. to theorganisation',Firstly,which`offensive' crisis they he in believeswhich experience type which they organisations that findhad in `first thethemselves. early establishmentlevel in in African thegrassrootsMolefe 1980's areas. of 14 elaborates on some of the problems areas,tuals.tiseproliferated which Thereateand dependent istherefore, areavailableparticularly far fewer on he to a argues,professionalsdegree professionalsin coloured of` we skill see andand andin lessintellec-African Indianexper- of a organisation'.naturalOrganisationsareas,lower drift level than towards of Hishas repression are secondcharacterised committees therefore point in the lessis or Indianthethat formal vulnerable Africanthere and styles iscoloured aareas. else-far of where.thanitselfviableAfricans to Theto form recruiting recruiting tolevel of the struggle of point people repression for oftheis for abelieving liberationmilitary `small also scale, forcesone. that army, This relatively themany rather lendsonly effectsthereformistwholimited relatively are organisational resourcescommunity struggling greater for degree for work'. people possibilities.survival of His tomaterial drawthirdmay on,find point deprivationThere and it isdifficult people thatare 12 vivalPeopleto literature,otherconcern have whostruggles. more themselves whichhave time overcome willThis and be argumentwith inclinationdiscussed the political struggle concurs later, to struggles.engage andfor with sur-which in the CERTAINCHARACTERISTICS VOLUNTARY OF ability.internalorganisations. Andemocracy, overview They coverstrategies, of theleadership, main goals, points membership,and account- will be Thediverse,ASSOCIATIONS literature and onis drawnvoluntary from associations the fields of is political very focusParticipationMEMBERSHIPpresented of several briefly. in voluntarystudies. There associations seems to has be abeen degree the relationshipsociologistsEachanthropology,science, discipline public betweenhave social has administration, traditionally a particular workvoluntary and slant:adult associationsfocussed sociology2 foreducation." example on andthe ra:singmajoritydleof 'white,consensus class'. groups of Liebermannliberal, members that in thethe educated, majorityU.S.A. of and feminist Bond18 were of upper members consciousness- predominantly found middle aremid-that classthe inpluralistconcernsocial forthe democraticwaystratification; withdemocracy, voluntary processes involvement political andassociations that this preservescientists has and ledmobilise participation. toand have an enhance interest peopleshown helpwomen'.alternativerepresented.'place groups high They thiscollectivistvalue Infound segmentthe on studythat growth organisations in ofby several theandRothschild-Whitt19 populationchange', types in the ofwere U.S.A., self-who well of impulses.tionsgoodganisations risereason and They in for falltheir this,seem in own response because to right.16 have tovoluntary more a Perhaps range permeableThere ofassocia- there social have is been few studies of voluntary or- ageWolfendensurveywell-educated,she foundof middleof thatvoluntary committee thefinanciallyrather members associationsthanfound privileged working tendedthat a higherin to classfamilies. Britain, come percent- people from Inthe a ternaltostudyingmoreboundaries focus directlymacro boththe than organisations, forces. onaffected other internal There organisations by micro therefore,their are fewprocesses instudies it thatis necessary theyand which ex-are environment.17 In ses.muchganisedpropensitybelonged Since more ways tothe to evenlyvoluntary ofbe1960s providing involved distributed several associations. servicesin researchers more over wasinformal, differentAlthough foundhave unor- notedtoclas- the be fluenceinternaldistilledtaneously.are able theandtofrom In dofunctioning externalthis thefull discussion literaturejustice factors of to particularly characteristicswhich bothwhich aspects describe appear self-help willsimul- to both in-be oftifiedorganisations.an theincrease asocial growth in movements Perlman20working of working class ofand class the involvement Gitte1121 1960s. organisations Lovett both in localiden- andout thelectives.groups, literature community which developmentrelate 2to theI functioning agencies andThere of col- the are a number of recurring discussions in organisationsTherevementPercivIreland al22was in after communitynotedalso with 1968a an growth theincrease when development organisation in inpoliticalthe working number of inunrcst classblack Northernof ethnicinvol- began. 2 " con- 13 voluntarysciousnessat times of associations theinsocial Britain number upheaval and anddoes the theand change. U.S.A. class greater compositionIt appearsethnicGittell con- that ofbelieves that class differentiation cannot that: tionalManyfor, assumptionsleadershipcommunity roles groupsabout and the tendpositions. value to reject of, They or tradi- need ques- bewillganisations.character, underestimated lack access goals Those as andto witha significantthe functions working powerful influence classof voluntaryand membership will on the lack or- likelytionthen,becometeristics traditional to all be shouldwhiledesignated blessed beliefs others have with asequalthat are leaders, leadership certainnot. and If frequent itanypeople is charac- membersassumed oppor- are declineofPivenismaterial theira social and inpotential resources. theCloward23 movement effectiveness numerical One argue ofis itselftheirof thatstrength. working primaryinstitutionalization the cause Thisclass resources isofmove- why the continuityferentHowever stages and in constancy hisof thestudy organisations' of of leadership four groups development;through theretunity dif- wasto attain such positions. organisations,ments.whichmaintenance.and politicalThey was usedbelieve channels action, (This by governmentsthat is andenergy thenot toward veryunlike away in act theirorganisational the fromof creatingacceptanceargument issues thereviewedcomeleadership was leaders asa tendencytraining positions in new grounds for bodies.in otherthose for organisations who the development alreadyVoluntary hadto be- of organisations have historically been organisatmspromotetionsof strategies,the idea stability). of hadAnd the moreneedthey Gittell showedforflexibility morefound significant voluntary thatin their middle choicedifferences associa- class of the development of organisations will communities,consideredaleadership leadership skills." a role valuable voluntary in In a voluntarymiddle credential. institutions income association In lowercommunities, are often has income been the thereanin organisat-onalincrease is an attempt of organisations characteristics. to find issues in the Perlman24which 1970s will where notesunite onlyleadershipgain1. institutions leadership patterns through experience. emerged: which In Gittell'sindividuals studyRotating can four leadership was generally associated differentlowclassestialfunctioning and number moderatecolour. were of difficult Howeverorganisationstheir income members to examplesfind.people, which from and of havedifferent peoplethe ainternal substan- ofsocial a 2. Externallyfrequentlywaswith usedvoluntary asinimposed middlea strategy.organisations leadership, income This organisations. where occurredfor example advocacy most by TheinsightswithiiLEADERSHIP theory voluntary into and their practice associations functioning. regarding provides Butcher" leadership iraportant states 4.3. theConstantStaffa funder leader leadership orleadership become a statutory one where authority.and the the organisation same. and 2q theyofShe leaders foundwere strong,in that lower the highly incomemost visible, important organisations charismatic characteristics were people that phasisehaviour.dividuals Collectivistthese for self-disciplined, aspet organisations s of human cooperative beings.routinely Like em-be- lowerofwho developingleaderlarge were income numberswas able not communities. ato tightlygenerally dramatiseof people administered interested issuestheHowever basic to in rally resourceorganisation.spendingthis supporttype timeof dencychy.ofpowerAnarchists, the Liebermann pyramidfromin self-help one their in official andtoto: aimgroups Borman organisationtois another,notof various thealso transferencebut foundwithout kinds, the this hierar-where ten- of abolition peopletionGittell in theand needs otheisdeveloping ofhave leadership identifiedleadership. between a basic mobilizing contradic-The problem is classic: a strong leader is often Perlman27 says: Theythedisclosure,mation,activities sharing found29 explanatiog, and in positivethe thatrotation groups the reinforcement,sharing,ofmost areleadership frequently'empathy, morale was personalbuilding, mutual occurringcommon. affir-goalself- organisation;oneresponsibilityincapableficient of the drive key yetof and ingredientstooftensharing others.ego the to powerindividualsplay for that a or successful role delegating with well suf- are psychologistssettingtherapeutic4central and tocatharsis'. the ilearninglike creation Rogers3u Activities environmeni of would awhich non-threatening applaudhumanisticLovetel as takes issue with those who reject all TheAUTHORITYdividuals,authority. question with ofDoes leadership the the designated authority relates leader,directly lie with withto that the all of in-the ultimatelyauthoritybelieves,hardlyfor a kind benefitas to isbeing oftheabout thetotal law'at the oppressed'.once offreedom derivation the a delusion jungle, Thethat of real whichandauthority.can question,a onlydemand would lead he class?thegroupingmemberstive statutory Rothschild-Whitt28collectivist (orof the authority,doctrine) organisation, organisations which the politicalin couldorher within study the beparty some theU.S.A., of or funders, alterna-outside social found voluntarytheoryaround wasMichels' associations first publishediron lawis captured of in 1911. in Hethe Theexamined debate debate in the literature about leadership in oligarchy32. Michels' withresidedbureaucraticthat the in individualorganisations the justifications collectivity who held rejectedfor as aauthority.authority whole the rather rational-Authoritythrough than a oligarchy,camethecontrolnucleus'. trends up with thereof inand By political theoligarchynecessarily by law' a parties few that in officials containsan 'democracyand organisation trade in an theunions oligarchic leadstop is hierar-meantand to designatedorderauthority'.stemsrelations. can from beposition. It Thusachieved theis premised ancient it Thispresupposes without notion, onanarchist the recourse belief shethe ideal capacityexplains, to that authority ofsocial `noof in- organisationschynecessarytiseplex of toandthat run startorganisation. andgrowthem. requiring suitably in A size division leaders theyMichelsqualified become of with labourargues leaders special more becomesthat havecom- exper- as to 216 ganisation.happenstake over the the Other rank running factors and offile which the lose organisation. he control believes of reinfor-theAs thisor- causes'.fundingability, andis not in normallythe case of forthcoming the statutory for authorities, 'unpopular tionciouslywhetherces the of tendencycharismaticcling of proletarian to office towards leadership once or oligarchy bourgeois they andhave are bureaucratic origin, acquiredthatMichels' leaders, tena- it. logic meshes nicely into Weber's no- studiesFreemanaccountabilityparticipatory showed democracy tothat the the members implications are most of concernedthe of collective. Somethe strong withgroups who subscribe to the theory of37 and Liebermann and Borman 38 in their seewhotheorists.comerationalisation, oligarchy challenge the However foundation as his and inevitable. deterministic therehis forcompelling are many Rothschild-Whitt numbers theory, organisational vision of and theorists has do be-notar- women'slatedtheirraisinginternal initial and groups accountability movement. were political led not to theaccountableobjective. In within groupsorder to the movingThey counter consciousness-to thebecame away thisbroader from ten-iso- ferentunionsdifferentstrumentallygues thatideologies, points possibilities. the value-rational,out and that theMaree-'3 the capacities historical ratherin his of study context,thethan member- ofthe trade dif- in- rational organisations point to wereanddiscussion,ofdency the a encouraged timegreaternew limit agroups. facilitatorstructure on to the Thismo-ie was lifefor included oftheonintroduced the tofirst othergroup. setfew intotopicsactivities sessions, Women many for AnotherACCOUNTABILITYtendenciesship, all relatedinfluence within concern organisations. the oligarchic within voluntary or democratic associa- ofThevoluntarywithin the works Camden the of associations, movementCowley Community afterwards. comes fromWorkshop, MarxistA third andcritics. perspective on accountability within 39 who describes the activities paredhanddemocraticcussedtions accountabilityis to thein that theoryquestiondivergent in thethat in of statutorytheinforms waysaccountability. voluntary depending the social study."4 sector This services.' isonOn is corn; dis-onethe authoritarian,thethiswcialismRaboy4, approach.Workshop whoin Montreal, is Cowleyalthough concerned as being providedescribes there with essentially useful is`no the the leadership struggleexamplespretense non- inatof for bodies,annualminimallyableWhereas to financialtheirtherefore, elected accountable electorate, officialsaudit. it is argued, Theythrough,voluntary theoretically are that forunrepresentative associations anyexample, arc transfer account- their arc of complished,waysnewneutrality'. forms decisions of There andcollective are controlledis made,a deliberate work, how is which of activitieseffort crucial means to politicaldevelop thatare ac-the 16 thoughabilityandmightresponsibility mean that control.36the a fromdimunition funder statutory inevitablyThere of toisdemocratic acknowledgementvoluntary demands account- agenciesaccount- activism'.safeguardsplaceofsignificance. members as a political Cowley andBothagainst for collective,the acknowledgesthe need'slipping Workshop for are political seen into tothatas mindless ensureeducationimportant the or- its 26 ofconstituencyganisers internal are accountability ornot public. collectively Therefore and self-criticism, responsible the maintenance towhich any similar(e.g.common autonomy, to in thecollectives small control, entrepreneur.and self-expression)the justification First for and are it offeature.includes tionpoliticsreal ofaccountability'. But all linksin aspecthe command believeswith of other the In(which) that work,addition, groups it is can mustonly boththeoffset `thebe consolida- locallya the placingregular lack and productcontrolthemworkforemost, substantialin meansofalternative Rothschild-Whitttheir that work control membersorganisations and over the finds,canprocesstheir structure becausework. people in congruence Collective bothitcome offers the to Thecriticism,Workshopoverridingnationally, actual more visibilityimportance. becomingparticularly accountable of morethe In with thework public,for process,trade itstherefore political moreunions, he becomesseesopen work. is the ofto operatethegestrastwith withincollectivist totheir alienating within ideals.those these voluntaryideals. Hencework. organisations HoweverworkIn organisations order is purposive ato membersparadox successfully who in emer-value needcon- ofInMOTIVATIONimportant. membersthe final part in joining of this voluntary discussion, associations, the motivation and to environment.skillspendent,whichbe innovative, mayare creative dependent also These and be individualism.require necessaryattributes on a entrepreneurialcertain may in anamount Strongat oftentimes survivalskills,of conflicthostile inde- tions,thewhichmotivate results will were be ofpeople discussed theirdescribed toparticipation belong briefly. by Clark to an andin organisation, the Wilson41, organisa-The three are:and major types of incentives which members.internaldemocracywith the or valuesexternal which implicitaccountability,require high within degrees or both, collectivist offrom Perlman42either the points out that in community 3.2.1. primarilypurposive,solidary, material, i.e. i.e. prestige, value i.e. moneyfulfilment respect, and friendship goods change.tor,developmentare as quite well She wellas foundagencies, power, paid, that and prestigemoney the there directors is and isa motivatingoften the and desirea top degree stafffac- for of Freemanandtivesocial materialis movementspurposive, and Rothschild-Whitt incentives theand solidary collectives are third incentiveboth mostthe find major important. is that second, incen- in problemsviewedcompetitionlocality,support as is channels inwho that their for arethe theprogrammes for poor.agencies available upward This depend canmobility. from jobs, lead onpeople whichto Onevoluntary the of infeeling are thetheir moralThepressed.gain,of organisationsacceptable commitment. so public The self-exploitation vocabularydiscussion tend In the to generatecollectives of to such talk (meagreamotives about highit is notlevel material arewages) part sup-of 21) poor.thatsionalsas some `oneHowever toarecannot work `making she askfor believes low well-trainedgood' salaries....' there off the is nohardshipminority easy answer, In ofprofes- anotherthe recent paper Perim an"3 addresses foundmembersthe question a complexity of a of community motivation of beliefs action amongst and organisation.behaviours rank and which Shefile ThePRACTICESEDUCATIONAL ways in which voluntary organisations do, or searchquestbeingneeds.she mlated foranger for community), understanding,to (a Maslow's sense of impotence/ignoranceworkinjustice), information on the loneliness hierarchy and in- (aof 44 Members expressed their motivations as ofthatought thefocusthe leadership development to,important of encouragethe little qualities systematic functions of leadership participation are developed,study. of voluntary has This ofbeen hasmembersis suprising seenassocia-been as the so one as Perlmancreasedinterviewedwasfidence expressed control),entitled (need but toher to andfeel thepapersome lackuseful). emphasis 'Sevendegree of dignity/self-con-Each voices byranged of every thesefrom widely. person forcesone discussedpractices,mentionedtions. (This briefly. asstudy: area described issee elaborated note in 1.) the At literature,in this the point previouslyA willcertain central be argument, which is based on the associationsassumptionscompetingorganisation', and amongston and sometimesthe it membership,demonstrates rank and conflicting file and graphicallymembers. the needsThe need and effectthe to of participation within voluntary liesticipatorybyproblemassumptions in several the democratic democracyof researchers.46 developing imbedded method i.e. the that Rothschild-Whitt capacity initself, the the solution istheory ofput participants forward toof argues the par- participationasubjectbersdevelop very to useful ofparticipate ways a wide whichsummary to enhancerange more show ofof effectively, writers.thethatthe capabilitiesresearch people Gine has who 11findings beenofprovides do mem- par- the on thatconclusive,Whileanyit whereis becausesubstantive acknowledging people much they docontrol generallyof not it, havethat sheover her believes,haveparticipatory important evidence not beendoes decisions. is habits, allowed indicatenot yet on,activeticipate to politically,feel in morean organisation effective,to know more andare abouttomore be what happierlikely is togoing (the be ticipants.capacitythat the practicefor Other democratic ofsocial democracy behaviourscientists itself amongstlike develops Argyris4 its the pa;- , self-image.encouragingticipationliteraturemeaning ofsuggestsin It adoptionvoluntarywhich also confirms theis of undefined).45 associationsimportance itmovation the research ofandas Mostcitizena changes results of the in means for par- resultschangeremain unconvincedofin people'sparticipation, behaviour. that thereparticipation appears to Amongstbe little those who believe in the beneficial can produce oppositionthatstudiestiveness. crisis of situationsvoluntary organisations(This again willorganisations emphasises encourageand increase thewhich the theirimportance growth suggest effec- of of motivationalmotivationPerlman48requireddiscussion in asfollowingorder ofneeds to members,the to would formachieve ofneed believes participationthe to necessary be addressedthat whichall results. four by is on from her discussion on 18 3f thethe external organisations.) context to the internal functioning of the organisation. She states49: L., power,theticularlyaspectsDignity authorities, and through ofis 2) thegained, internal and citizen 1) provideactions or participatory regained,action whichthe process, democracy but throughsweet manytaste of de-mystify par- howanddiscussionlearning to well ongoing the fromand leaders analysisleadership both arefailures beforeable development. toand and interpret victories,to after and Second,actions, open ex- withfromheard,which others these agives chance (and without every toto resolve makehumiliation) member mistakes these and (and a chance to be differencesto disagree to learn meanequallyis onlywhatplain the parttheyimportant.to process the ofsaw membershipthe happenby Finally,challenge, which and internalizationthe the why. givinglessons connections it leamed from Making the victory meaning is is used tobetween democracy.herent conflict (This between we saw actionpreviously and Shewithout points rancor). out, however, that there is anin in-discussionsparticipatory andhomesoperatingaction relatives. and or neighbourhoods assumptionsinterpretation In summary and her reinforced hypothesis are incorporated into daily among Misted friends in people's is that a heimer:tion,postulatedon the a consciousness-raisingreal that paradox both are groups). Since emerges. She quotes Oppen- necessary in the organisa- she has greediscussionchangewhich of ideologicalinsolidarity have consciousness within indigenous and theclarity, organisation,friendship will andleadership a with occur in active groups process of internal withand some a high de- de- some mem- TooandtowardstentA muchparadox weof aare discussiona group measure existsno longer and between ofwe the whatpower stop progress the moving; in the of the we were. To achieve democratic con- community. too little group regamakes,bers I dingof is the that the organisation. asissue new of insights 'meaning' and An interesting observation that have been gained conscious- Perlman Inover sometimesaorder goal some weto important change need necessary unity theissues...which butto compromise,to to achieve shall unity it it consciousness of the gloss be? is whichmentsratheringness, class new thaninhave the organisations approaches' issue-basedbeen more discussed. middle are '. whichThis classevolving People is political in similarare to 'value-based' develop- feel concerned some work-collectives doesinternalization.threeorganisation,members notdecisive engageand toPerlman factors:By attainin action, their action,postulates she full means that if a groupparticipationinterpretation in the and that there are ingstreet.asvalues aboutthey Freire's Shein arethe their points methodstoloss livescomplain of to traditionaland ofsome dialogueare about groups guidelines, the and which garbage as able to talk about this culture, and are adapt- on the muchreinterpretationgeneratethat challenges attention no new theshethc datanormal for somemeans activityorganisational two or things.confrontation style First, gives how course of things,re-interpretation. they By to whichwithintoraising reinforce focusestheto their groups ties ownon of rather'the stylesculture, enemy' than of trust,organising. in and out there. the Alinsky mode consciousness community,They work 3o The postulates made by Perlin.are , integral to 19 whichthemanagement,reviewing characteristics is the focus the education literatureof of the in Kindervatter's50 study, Afterfor justice, community or-'empowering process', the fields of self-approaches, she 7.political8. standing results from learning,MethodsImprovement thatsupport encourage networks.of social, self-reliance e.g. peerthe process.economic, and/or Sheappearedcompiledganisingunderstanding defined to aand belist 'empowering' central participatoryof common of to and the as: control over characteristicsempowering whichprocess. people gaining an social, terparticipatethewithin and development Perlman voluntary fully see inassociations of the the as a From the above, it appears theorganisations. process of organising Involvementcapacity of members to that both Kindervat- central factor in economic,process'provestanding their and/oris theandstanding meanscontrol.political to In her in society. An 'empowering bring aboutoutside such facilitator under-forces in in researchorder the to sheim- was con- activitiesin supportiveInthe addition planning, are seenofthey members asargue important who are execution and reflection on that the climate needs to learning processes. ignorant or who the be empoweringcernedguidelinesto empowering.with the process.for role the ofnonformal the The eight characteristics They include: educational approach she presents as disagree.needskills.process,include for Both Confrontation actionas an Kindervatter does analysis and the critical plays and and aan part learning of organisational reflectionPerlmaninterpretation which insist onwill of the the in the learning 2.1. SmallTransfergroupthe group facilitator.activity of structureresponsibility and to autonomy). (emphasis on small participants from leadersaction.tingaction.Perlman inwhoPerlman Kindervattera supportive are postulates needed points describes ratherto tothat help the the than a leadershipaction, if it role. is to raisethegive facilitator meaningimportance as toac- the of the 3.4. allParticipantOutside aspectspeople agentof leadershipin thc doing as facilitator things in organisation. themselves.decision-making over who supports the challengetheKindervatterthere political is nothe consciousness new 'normal is lessdata specificcourse 'empowering'generated to occur. for reinterpretation. of the participants,about the must kind of actionof things', otherwise 5. shared.andDemocratic processes. and Roles non-hierarchical and responsibilities are relationships thatbecomerelevance isIt requiredhas knownbeen for fordeveloped this as Learning discussion, A third educational in relation to work and com- by Participationstrategy (LBP). which has is that which has 20 3;) 6. movesIntegrationdevelopment,change to e.g. of reflection and collaborativeproblem-solving, efforts to promote planning, confrontation skills. and action. Analysis skills Towardsinmunity as:a recent experience Educational study 3 b by thc IntemAtionalfor scholars, and is Change.' They define LBP Movementselaborated ticipation,tionan integrative in society, and process thecritical relation that reflection includes of experiences on participa- that par- to participatoryallknowledge levels. All and democratic three. participation educational organisational in decision-making theorists processes. insist on at theiraffectingparticipationtheoretical individual both knowledge, of the activities learners programme while in thedecision-making maximizing asprogramme. a whole andthe formimportant;thecalPerlman consciousnesstype this whoseof should it action should explicit takeamongst that challenge Pedman goalparticipants participants, is thethe however raisingstatus engage argues quo.doesof politi- in Thethatnot is educationalpracticeworkmethod experience ofare learning linked, strategies programmes, itfor has scholars whichmuch in inarewhere common community described theory Whilewith and theby LBP has been conceptualised as a quo,withdefine.Kindervatterparticipants challengingas Kindervatterwith the forseems extensionthe the andpolitical torunning seeLBP of the andresponsibilityseem ofextension economicthe less programmes. concerned of tostatusrespon- the Perlmanknowledge.reflectionsandticipation the and relating in Kindervatter.Itaction, on also that of insists critical the experience practical on LBPreflection the consistsparticipation experience to on theoretical that of action,par- of and the stitutionstowardssibility ina in greater the the microsociety. say forsituation participants as the in first other step in- arcevaluationpeopleLBP,Kindervatter. similar involved as of described to the those inprogrammes.The the describedmajor byplanning, IMTEC difference All executionby fourand Perlman componentsthe between proposedand and thc the ticipants.isactiontheeducational the action raisingwhich (Shecomponent. strategy willof does the challenge political ofnot Perlman,Perlman however the consciousness status insistsis elaboratethe quo. definition on Herpolitical of on par-goal her of opportunitynessnotmeaning concerned raising, of 'politicalto hut particularly exercise with consciousness').students 'real with responsibility'. politicalbeing afforded IMTECconscious-From the is the above discussions on the educational are:g,..inisationalcomponentsstrategies action, of Perlman,which process,critical are Kindervatter have reflection,part beenof an identified. integrative and theoretical LBP, They four or- 31 0 n3 21 VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS formationconcept at andthat the time. form It willthat beorganisations argued that takeboth are, the ThereIntroductionLATEIN CAPEwas a1970'S proliferation TOWN TO ofFROM 1984 independent THE com- organisationsaresocialto 'democratic'some involved. conditions degree, has Apractice determinedmore beenand by donemeantdetailed the elsewhere byspecific within bothanalysis certain thepeople and externalof will of whatwho thesenot munityfirstprivatemainlyearly part organisations1980's sponsored foundations of the throughout case financially duringstudyor by the thechumh bythe country. political,private late bodies." 1970's enct,Frprise, They economic andIn were the earlierformtionsboth part andwhichillustrating of will this have providestudy. developedthe theory background in which Cape Towntowas organisa- Itexplored sinceis hoped the that this case study will succeed in ganisationsinfluencedandrelationshipWhile ideological there the at thisbetweengrowthdevelopments is nottime, necessarily ofthe will the macro whichbenew explored developmentscommunity appeara direct briefly.to havecausal or- and TOWNASSOCIATIONSWHYmid 1970's DID IN andTHENEW which LATEVOLUNTARY PROLIFERATE are 1970s listed ANDin Section INEARLY CAPE Four. historicalthespecificganisationsbackground establishment perspective case at to historiesthis theof time. a growthof particular thisof Only organisations kindof through the organisation, gives community detaileda generalwould an and or-we 1980s?expandedDuringHistorical the 1960's,morecontext rapidly the South than African that ofeconomy any other had eventsrelationshipsbe willin a beandposition posed the formationwere toconcerning state betwc,n with of the organisations.any macroforms certainty that contextual communitywhatIn the the second part of the case study questions theThisnualcapitalist worstearly growthboom 1970's.economiccountry, gave rate ofByway except crisisbetween 1978, to ain Japan, deepening theits six history.country and averaging eight recession The was percent. climate anfacing an- in withininfluencedarearguedorganisations a feature Souththat bythe of Africaatook 'democratic thesenumber during inorganisations, generalof historicalthiscommitments', period.and seemedthe occurrences ItWestern will which to be developments.of countriesproducersininsecurity 1973, thegrew aswas With tradingrelative andaccentuated the South partners massive importance Africa's by torise external Western incorrespondingly of the African politicaloil industrial price oil j 'democracy' becameto thistheoryCape'democracy' such sectionin and particular. a thepowerful seems practicewe The willto ideological have withinmemberships' speculate influenced the organisations. commianentas both to thewhy In andcoloniallymunitydiminished. reduced the from establishmentauthorities with More guerilla the immediately, collapse in insurgencies Angola of Marxist in 1974 andSouth was Mocambique,governmentsof Africa's substantial-Portuguese im- 23 4 politicalinternationalthere. By and the economicrecession mid-1970's, andinstability confronted growing within industrial,both South with an whileBlack(SASO) the Community Black was launcly!d Pt- )ple's Programmes inConvention 1969 to (BCP) mobilise (BPC) were andstudents, estab- the talk2,3wasgrowthAfrica, of million estimateda severe theof theforeignworkers shortage 1960'sthat Africancapital and beganof at skilled whichthe unemOoyment to dry manpower.53 had sustained stood the at same time there was up. By 1976, it developmunalism,psychologicalBCM'slished and to primary work promoteblack oppression. inaim community the black was broader totheology, Itliberate business was community. concernedblack blacks enterprise, com- from The to Theseoftion whenworking in movementsthe they early class were 1970's, and hadbrutally mass been there suppressed politicalquiescent was movements. since by theIn 1963 responsestate. to the economic and political situa- a re-emergence buildingBCM.tionsand1972 a in rejectionThey to Southschools, 1977, were Africaofthere clinicsconcerned was which and a proliferation with institutions. communitywere literacy, related of centres, Duringhealth,organisa- to the gencesciousnessunionThe re-emergence movementof mass Movement resistance and of the the (BCM) growth toindependent the State.marked of the Blackblack theFrom resur- Con-trade January 1973 to mid 1976, over 200 000 helpedsurgethehome promotionestablishment educationin to blackgenerate of drama,schemes, black of the factories aggressive theatre.poetry cooperative and andThere atmosphere boutiques, art bulk was which buying, an andup- thatall therecentres.dayswasblack the ofan workers World most AfricanThe strikesextensive War struck trade II startedand unionwork strike affected movementin in wave South most since Africa. cameof and thethe to from earlyThismain life wereduringCapewas witnessed becoming Town this time had at involved the increasinga strong trials in of SASO off-campus numbersthe BCM following ofgroups.56 Theactivities. students University and of the Western Cape (UWC) in organisationsoncefromanystudents. more. political the bottomThis It founded had orientation generation up,its nucleusmainlyfactory and of by byAfricanconstitutedin radical,factory.worker unions university Thisadvisorythemselves avoided was in harassmentmobilisation.sciousnessTheyresponse saw as tofrom ofimportant Inconditions the 1973security black they the on police. communityraising boycotted campus During of politicaland classes and the increasing earlytheir con-as a AfricanEuropeanapproachcontrast1940's Congress toand Trade adoptedthe 1950's. broad Unionsof TradeThere by industrial (CNETU)the Unions was Council a massstrong (SACTU) and movement foremphiTisthe Non-Southin the on campus.Africananddeveloping1970's, off theStudents Through a campus.which ncw (NUSAS)tradition includedthe The Wages National of activewas studentCommissions also organisationUnion involved politics of South they off onwas puses.onworker the newlycontrol established in the worker black organisations.' universityThe cam- BCM gained its impetus55 from the studentsThe South African Students' Organization munityCommissionunionwere active movement, work. in (ComCom) theNUSAS promotion and throughhad thcy movedof were the the new activeawayCommunities black fromin com-trade its 42 withprevious the oppressedstrategy of communities.57 protest politics to involvement mathtive bargaining of 1976, thefor Africanmost overriding workers. concernIn the for after- munitiespupils,spreadmassive to soon uprisingsallwere the several involved. main which sectionscentres.58 There started of Startedwas the in Sowetowidespreadblack byIn school com-1976 but the South African state was rocked by positionstability.capitalfundedand 'black was of Particularorganisations the middle neednewly class'.toemphasis discoveredsecure sprang A whole immediate was up 'urban to placedhost `deal' of domesticAfrican' business-onwith the the throughoutmunityTheresponsesupport politicising -rom wasto the the organisationsapparentcountry. call effect for ofThea generaltheseas African resistanceand times strike workers National on indicated. the spread as com-Con- the problem.pressBigbyUrban many business forFoundation, The of reform. the mostthrough major Someimportantjointly corporationsthese ofestablished organisations the of new these in Southandcommunity was beganfinanced Africa. the to politicalgresshistoryandpopular (ANC),activists group of support resistance bannedwithturned within probably increasinglyin South1960, the the townships:6 Africare-emerged greatest to the and studydegree to Studentsas Marxist ofthe of the thoseorganisationsbusinessdependent who initiatives. towould someparticularlywhich and Thisdegree emerged those created in on Capewho atfunding divisionsthis refusedTown time from between between becamemoney these Northcertainfuture.60literature America. of intheir order counterparts to understand in Western the present EuropeCapital and andthe and the State's responses to the political This latter development was similar to policyadoptedflictingfrom these of pressuresboth limited sources.62 cautious accommodation from reforms the white (for of Africanexamplepopulation,The Government, tiade the which was subject to con- theganisedganisationscommunityand needeconomic agriculture, for oforganisations.significant crisesthe capitalist were had reforms uniteddirect All class, consequencesin thein agreement economicexcepteconomic for overand foror- organisationsbanningcludedunions)ing BCM widespread and of organisations. organisations,continuing which detentions included repression. theIn latemostChristian of people1977, ofThe the Institute latternineteen andremain- thein- and control,ofthepolitical improvingnature policy.°1improving of residents the of desired theThere wages legal through was reforms and broad ameliorating economicjob which agreement opportunities, included security influx over threedetention.the1978. foundersnewspaper social These In welfareof1977 The gavethe theBCM,World, the bills government government Steve whichwere ,banned, were also wide died enacted introducedand powers while one inofin for recognitionwereofownershipproviding a black also united middlerights moreand control onand andclass. the encouraging better needof Employers' organisations for housing some the organisations developmentkind with of ofcollec- Stateland threedefinedthefundraisingWelfare control Acts very was legislation ofbroadly). purposes, welfare the Fundraising The andservicesrequired most they contentious entrenchedAct. (welfare registration The Social beingtheof the prin- for 25 eiplesfected of allseparate community development.63 organisations. These ActsBy af- 1977, people who had been actively in- Capedemocratic Town movement' during 1980 was there beginning were widespread to form.By 1980, In a more clearly identifiable 'national strategieseventsbeganBCM,volved thereflecting inand werecommunity1976 activities.'" being uprisings critically developed.struggles, Critiquesor onworker their either In 1976, organisations,ofpart through the intheorists BCMthose thc tionsactions,parents,thousandsschool was and the commuters identified consumer ofneed school for ongoingboycottsand pupils, workers.new mass-based university whichorganisations Through had mobilisedstudents,organisa- thesewere likeofcentralstruggle,academics LegassikState issue policy were linked inand arguing incoming South Wolpe°2to the that to Africa. South understand 'class' who AfricanThis not were 'race'wasthe liberationexileddynamics followed was the numerousCapeNewsletter,establishedAzanian Areas youth UnitedHousingStudents including organisations. Women's Action Organisation Grassroots Committee Organisation They Community(AZASO) supported (CAHAC), (UWO), and a classimportanceemphasised'class'by theorists maintenance and 'race' likeof Gramsci's ideology Saulwere of and hegemony.critically asargument Gelb an elementwho important.66 At arguedconcerning this in time,the that ruling They withboth the basednetworkbecamedid'non-racial, other independent one oforganisations organisations nationalof the trade unifying and like unions. democraticwhich NUSAS. concepts These included 'Democracy' struggle'workerwithin locally thisand as andthedemocraticstruggle re-emergencetheory a start beganof was aopposition non-racial toofmade find the ANCfavour to movement nationalrebuild as with a political many democratica which national activists, force, could morecommunityTheIn summarydetail reasons inorganisations thefor followingthe proliferation will section. be discussedof organisations in the in begarclass.unitestudentsstressed andto adopt mobilisethehad a importancebegun more people inwardto feel of regardless increasinglylooking self-education. policy of redundantrace which White or 67 On the white university campuses, NUSAS to atnumberwasSouthconcur times discussed Africa, withofof voluntarysocial the and earlier findings upheaval Cape associations andTown in andlor whichthe in literature particular,increases increased states whichthat rapidly appearethnic the _ themselvestoworkin 'Educationencourageoppressed on campus. in forwhitecommunitiesa future an In students African1978, non-racial, the and future'to NUSASre-define had democratic and withdrawn themethe a roleaim South was for Via'to manyorientationor theandgroup factorsquestionsexperiences. consciousness. of such the concerning asorganisations In social the nextThe class, ideology partmembership localwill we dependand conditionswill forms address and on of 26 ternationalemerging.atAfrica. that time, On ThisWomen'ssome a nascent was of the stronglyMovement.68 women's white influenceduniversity movement campusesby was the also In- organisations. 4 6 WHYFORIMPORTANT DID THE DEMOCRACY NEW IDEOLOGICAL VOLUNTARY BECOME CONCEPT AN democracythemselves'.which 'unceasingly amongst Therefore constitutethe workerwe can and and anticipate reconstitute community that ASSOCIATIONSVoluntaryIntroductionMEAN? associations, AND WHATwe have DID seen, IT proliferate at democracychanged.ings,organisationsit is which reasonable The amongstare has 'commonsense' continuously hadto theassume, a rangemembers being have of understandings contested of challengedbeen organisations forged mean- and ofby a taryconditions.also,consciousness.times associations to of some social Traditionally degree,The crisis there form hasinfluencedor thatin greater been the organisations literature a tendency ethnicby the on orexternal take to volun-group con- are itbecametherange is verypossible of so diversecomplex important to offer and question oftenforcertain the contradictory newaspostulates to organisations. why democracywhich forces.It is have notBut possible to answer in absolute terms tionorganisationscentrateconditions.posefully from theon highlighting andThebroader the to danger microstudy conte the maythese importanceprocesses a. be Thisprocesses that study this of withininthe emphasisis isola- pur-macro anotherorganisations,personalfrombeen interviewsdistilled six. involvement These from and with postulates asa twelveas study a a consultant/facilitator member areofactivists localnot of all threeliterature70,71 encompass- and of fromthese to intention.itsis interpreted importance1970's the as within concept a denial organisations. of of 'democracy' the 'human This factor'became isAmongst not and the an im- the new organisations of the late ing.attemptimportant They toattempt influences.address to the capture question: what seem theThe most following postulates will be explored in an Whiletimelicationsportant would it concept. eminatingis trueillustrate thatEven from 'democracy' the a cursory thesepoint organisationsvery glance is importantconvincingly. at the at pub- forthe Theganisationstionofmovement emergenceworkers'democracy, of the which climatewere of the cdeveloping. alled independentin whichcontributed for the community implementation trade to the union crea- or- ceptcountries,mostargued, byandmembers the the theresulted organisations great particular of voluntary importancefrom meaningscertain in associations Cape attached prevailing givenTown, totoin it theconditionsthewestern will con-con- be mmentTheapproaches ent growth (BCM), of liberation of withthe in Black certainthe concomitanttheology Consciousness churches, and develop- Move-helpednew saidwhichnegotiatedat the that time.has ideologies a wideand contestedrange are of ongoing meaning. ideological social Therborn69 processes concept'Democracy' has has been described as a Theganisations.encouragedpromote re emergence radical particular humanist of the African attitudesvalues, National which within in Con- turn or- 473 thepopular-democraticaftergress members as1976, an important ofencouraged organisations. rhetoric force withinthe and adoptionstrategies the country byof concernedvative,registeredbeenmass dominated,struggles with from upthe unions, theuntil organisation late that which 1970s. time, were Cape ofby skilled the primarilyTown conser- andhad theyexperiencesprovidedThe functioned.community activists and lessons Important struggleswithin which organisations examples oninfluenced the groundof these withhow dominancementhistoricWorkerssemi-skilled (NEUM), links Association of workers.Thewith semi-skilled wasthe (CTMWA), Non-European one Cape ofand the unskilledTown which few Unity Municipal tohad have workerMove- some a dianconsumersumerstruggles'squatter' Council boycott boycotts, arestruggles, (anti-SAIC) inthe 1979, 1976the the anti-South the Fattis studentcampaign, 1980 and schoolAfrican riots, Monis and and the the In-con- members.activistsunion movement, in both worker has highlighted and community certainThe issuesorganisa- reemergence for of the independent trade 73 DemocraticInDisorderly1982. 1983 the Bill Front developinent Action (UDF) Committee and of the the (DBAC) National United in areticipationingpoliticstion. still,class These and being leadership;in issues Stateeconomics; hotly structures.include: debatedand the participation the developmentThese withinrelationship issues the or localcom- have, ofnon-par-between work- and whichlocally,ForumIn attempting organisations(NF), created with to different Capeanswer functioned. Action theconditions question League within(CAL)'why did elaboratedeconomicsconcerningmunity, worker here. isthe given relationshipandWhat academicby is Hemson", more bet)yeen pertinentpublications.' and politics willis aA discus-not useful and be overview of the theoretical debate Sectionbealsoorganisations'democracy raised throw Four. as lightbecome a background result on thesuch of many the an will dataimportant questions be presentedgiven concept which in may will thefor moreboycotts76,beenandsion its offound overtly, implicationsthe practicalin work the political questionsstay-aways71, for manifestations organisations. organisations, surrounding and ofaffiliation These the consumer like debate have the to tradeInThe Cape reemergenceunion union Town movement,particularly movementthe reemergence of the Independent of the in independentthe form of meatsibilities1979United boycott of Democratic Fattisfor linkagesof and 198080, MonisFront between (UDF).78opened products79, workplace up new andWithin and pos-the com- red Cape Town, the consumer boycott in 28 tothe UnionsSACTU-affiliatedbecome Western the Province General (A)FoodGeneral Workers Workers and Union), Canning Union and Workers (later the 7 2 , made an impact on the working class and well;unions.lessonsmunity these Analysesfor struggles. willboth becommunity of discussed theThey meat also organisationsboycottbriefly.81 produced illustrate and several thesetrade cialwent workers' on strike committee. for a democratically The workers elected at Theother non-ra- workers meat at the Cold Storage mitteethe support needed committee. to have been They more believed autonomous83: that the com-...we have also learnt the importance of the supportmonths,thewasfactories school a high committee andalso boycottlevel acame bus of for boycottoutactivityhad the on been meatstrike. wasin in Cape workers beingprogressAt that Town, mooted. wastime for whereset there two upA ablethedecisionscommunity community, to control about participating theiras their well support. ownas thefully, activities Thisunion, and means mustmaking in that be a collectingmunityWPGWU.of members organisations overThere of R100 community were 000tosupported two wayssupport organisations the in strike:whichthe 800 firstlythe andstriking com- the by democracylessons:democratictrywill to prevent breakFirstly manner. in ourthethose unity unity,struggle. In insidein short, thefrom thestruggle, thenOnly succeeding. community there democracy secondly are two who representativesimportantspecificredworkers, meat. goal, and event,While secondly,it fromhas which the been community strike they hailedled organisedup did by toorganisations not alldiscussions partiesachievea boycott as and itsby anof Labourcamemonished through Bulletin the the (SALB)two pages organisations ofwhich the Southpublically which AfricanAnother ad-they lesson for community organisations ganisation.ofganisationstrade the unions event couldhighlighted on how cooperate. workers aspects The and of critical communitydemocratic analysesA major or- criticism centred around the position credibilityorganisationshadthebelieved interestsfar reaching had as of behavedcommunity the involved. implications workers. undemocratically workers OnThis for one publicwasthe levelpeople called and criticism nottheir intoand in of ganisations.gleworkerstemptedthe tosupport petit wouldto bourgeoiskeep committee.However not control lose members oncethe ofThe leadershipthe the WPGWU committee,of government community of hadthe so strug-at- had thator- jeopardytivelyonequestion, of promotingbecausethe and organisations, secondly, of workers'the negative according their democracy publicity.°4ftmding to the withinwasdirector Bothput the inof the GWU and the (A)FCWUs were ac- bannedtradedown.tweenseveral allunion theThis of meetings unionthe describedleft trade theand in unionists,way Junethe as broader'opportunists' open1980, communicationsfor and community those had from detainedwhom certain broke thebe- ofhad withinaction."Bothfactorieswhich been theinvolvedgrew and workplace innew saw thein strategiesimportant unions85.Bythe and struggle in thelabourfor unions1980working disputes both class unions for democracy as integral out 5 1 nosedbothworkersoffcommunity the the the boycott WPGWUor problem organisationsthe support without asand 'a communitycommittee".lack toconsultation take of democracy'control, activists It withseems and withintoeither diag- thatcall classwastheirdevelopmentto the seen involvement leadershipstruggle as crucial of for working more democracyforin thethe generally.87 classtradedevelopment inleadership union the society. of working The movement,However, through andorganisations,through the functionsthe collective the differencesof trade struggles unions between with and community theother forms or- ThetheThe BCM church black developed consciousness a strong base movement in Cape Town, and UDF.88theTheseganisations, debate differences concerning have have come formed trade into focusunion an important more affiliation Theclearly. part independent of trade unions which had ar- ticularlyestablishedcertaininparticularly the early church important in 1970s.through 1963, groups. role.It appears SASOalso ItThe hadfunctioned on toChristian close thehave UWC linkagesplayed as Institute"an campus, impor- a withpar- leadsganisationstheguedforms different againstto anddifferent which strategies;affiliatingclass made possibilitiescomposition tothe up the importanceUDF UDF for ofthis hadtheorganisational they ofvariouspointed tradebelieved unionto:or- andtantroleandfacilitated radicalpart approaches.in ofthe Christiana redefinitionthematrix dissemination The of individuals personal CI of also 'Christian andplayed contactsand sharing groups commitment', an for important whichofBCM ideas theypoliticalcludeddiverseunity were as both membershipagroupings. priorityaccountable radicals at Trade andthat of to conservatives time;theirunionists their unions,and workers hadthe of realityarguedwhich firstdifferent andof thatin- a Christiansblackliberationwhich theologyassisted theology. within the which the development This BCM." was had beinga lot of in developedan common indigenousIn this with by discussion we are not concerned with tradeonThisfo ganisations tmost,joint did unions campaigns,not and however thatfromin their that joining nor inindividual dictated theorydid other it inhibitwhatinhibit capacities. community was memberscooperation possible. or- of ganisationslaterideascaldetailing fringe developmentor activities the of in historythe Cape churches, which of ofTown. democratic either may butIn the haveorder more BCM community influenced to with ordo the thiscertain radi- weor-the workingwithinandbeen workerinfluenced community class struggles. leadership by andorganisations, has Amongst is influenced a central manythc issue. both questionThe activists popularThere- independent of trade union movement has muchteristicspractice,Christianwill theselook both movement.verybutideas in anthe briefly have importantBCM It permeatedat is andcertain not considerationinpossible the of contemporary themore to key know radical charac- is howthat certainworkcrs'ways.unionsfore the The unions informstheory democracy, public therefore,and their debates practice or own membership contributes concerning ofpractice the progressive ofto in for the important example, Uintellec- DF trade by tivists,organisations.veryradicalmany activeof informChristian the peopletoday this Interviews groups discussion.91 involvedin various during with with of seventhe thethe 1970s BCM communityof these areand still ac-the 30 function.tual climate in which community organisations thetheto 13CM the movement. contradictory are well documented92, naturc of existing and Lodge appraisalsThe points historical of parameters of the emergence of 54 93 He also points to the need to contextlocate ofthe social growth development of the movement in South within Africa, the larger andalso establishedidentified the the need Black to workAllied with Workers' trade unions, Union particularlyothers.)thissocialbourgeoisie time mobility The thehas BCMat comingbeen ofthe coloured gaineddescribedend of ageof itspeoplethe of initial by asixties. new Beinart in impetus Capeblack (The amongst Town petty rapidfrom at blackspsychologicalpolitical(BAWU).94 on annecessity individual and cultural to and address degradation collectiv directly level.sufferedThe Such theBCM by put unprecedented emphasis on the whichuniversityMovementhadleaders been began like memberscampuses. (UCM) Steveespousing Biko until ofIn black theand1969 it wasUniversityBarneytheology they banned formed Pityana, and Christian on the SASO, black needwho philosophydistantinan Part emphasis echoesTwo, of the there does 1940s.96with was have, Lembede's a substantial as Couve" Africanistbody points ofAt litera- the out, end of the 1960s, as we have discussed WhilefluenceChristiananfor essentialcommunity SASO in view SASO part wasprojects. continuedof andthe predominantly programme associated UCM to be had an ofhelpedorganisations. importanta SASO, student to shapeas or-in-the colonialismcitesthewhichture, struggles theemanating stressed decisive and of the its from allinfluences importancepsychological oppressed western of capitalist of Fanon'speople. humanand cultural analyses countries,agency con- of Gerhart9' liberateformallychangingganisation, and societylaunched. itemancipate also and claimed Thesought blacks aims to allies be from ofan off BPC instrumentpsychological campus. were:In 1972 forto the Black People's Convention was thesequences,toin(e.g. writings America),a lesser1967 (e.g. Blackofextent the Afro-Americans1968 negritude Power: the The declarations WretchedThe writers Politics like like ofof Cannichael theSenghor,ofKaunda Liberation Earth), andand viewcooperatesocietyandideals; physical to making whereto withreorientate oppression; religion justiceexisting the relevant servesto agenciestheological create toall a the humanitarianwithequally; system aspirations similar with to a heterogeneousimportationatheNyerere wholesale thinking on and African oftransposition BCadaptation African ideologues.It humanism of andbut ideas ratherandAfro-American was eminating socialism, not a selective so much from on Theof ciplesblacks;educationthe BPC black and alsoand people; philosophies policycommittedto formulate, to of formulate blacks,itself of and blackto implementand theby implementconsciousness.establishmentblacks the and prin-an for TownanalysesU.S.A.98literature,actively the of Unitedpromoting racial films andStates and thecolonial speakers InformationBCM oppression. by available making Service civilIn from Cape was rights the designedflotationbanks,cooperativeof and cooperativethe asof agenciespromotionbasis,companies. including buyingof communal ofAll black andtheof these establishmentselling, businessself-reliance. were and to on the be of Ita iseconomicpsychologicalreveal not understood an and almost political and exclusivein cultural termsoppression other oppression, emphasis is than recognized,The those on BCand the ideologues of ifit like Biko99 and Pityanal C°, pointspsychological out that andFanon's cultural influential oppression. work Couvellilis marked bodiesAfrican like Council the CI ofassisted Churches the BCM (SACC) and financially, and related bothpurportedisandby also an his the inability reflected own BCM to theory have andto in integrate hadanotherradicalof class an importantChristians, hislocalstruggle. radical study Thisinfluence psychologynamely which inability wasthat on PityanawhichwithBlack other provided couldCommunities material be funds employed and Projectso thathuman to people (BCP)work resources. full-time.waslike aBiko CIWithin and the churches in the early 1960s, par- project The of inrioritywhenRick the Turner.102 psychological heis astates means that This whereby andthe will culturalideology be blacks discussed inferiority comeof racial later. toCouve believe foistedsupe- captures the essence of the BC ideology morethereApartheiddiscussionticularly wererelevant after society.concerningattempts Sharpeville, within Amongst to movetheSouth rolethere thea Africangroupof churchwas the aofchurch peatsociety. Christiansto become deal in the Inof centreprocesspsychologicaltoupon develop them. of of this Andivisionan ideology andideologyintrinsic cultural could ispart by the inferiorization beofwhich representation thecombatted. BC the strategy process and At of was thethe of lusionedmeanstriedNaude1963, initially andof under withbible heavily tothewhite study influence vigorous financed response, and prayer leadershipwhite from the abroad,groups.Christians CI of gradually Dr.Beyers theDisil- byCI jectsengenderedcondensationshell.black can manrecognize byreduced of racial the their various ideology tooppressed the feelings status in condition.which and of ancomplexesblack empty sub- 103 This representation provides a formidable movedpendenttheologicalevolution.black towards liberation. African It trainingalmost began churches.There exclusive forwith were the Thisthe several ministersinvolvement organisationwas stepsfollowed of within inde- this byof tionthewhichpromises dominant to hasthe the been'empty restoration white lost shell', racistin theor is group.recovery historya representation In of of contradistinc- contacta wholenessThe of with theideology however guarantees and sagemostCouncilpowerfulstrong toof involvement the ofchallenge ChurchesEnglishPeople sponsoredin ofspeaking the(SACC) South compilation by churches,Africa. and the supportedSouth in Out 1968the African of Mes- ofthe by a blackattributes:ges,withcomplicity man ofpride a black who humanist, andin his mandignity.has own foundwith communally misuse, Thus his himself, own a representationa blackpositive, oriented, undone man authentic infusedsharing emer-his MessageinSPROCASalsoApartheid South played grew Africa, Societyproduceda the leading Study including (SPROCAS) role.seven Project Between onereports on which Christianityin on1971 which thehighlighted and situation the 1973 in CI 32 5 t tionnectedorganisationsin the had community. to itsSASO, own in BPC specialSouth and Africa programme. BCP.1°4 which Each Thewere organisa-During South con- 1972-1977 there was a proliferation of ChristiansblackthisSPROCAS.apartheid experience liberation inbut Two the unfolded,would wouldchurch.which have consistedneverthe This toCI be camecomewas theof followedto thefromoutcome accept BCP. white that As byof 58 whoroleblack inwere initiative. the stronglydevelopment They influenced therefore of black byplayed initiative. developments a Theresupportive were in several of the radical churchmen Youthcoursesthatin which many Leadership at there thatblack time.were youth Training Onestrong and other studentsBCProgramme course, feelings. attended the (NYLTP), It National appears these Churchesinhadview,the SA. USA.on the Hethe powerful UrbanOnegrowthmotivated churchman Planning ofinfluence his for ideas the Commission described a establishment visitfor the to thechurch's in (CUPC),USAan ofinter- role hadthe children'sOnealowedwas microcosm ainterviewee, threeby work magazine month of within awho utopian live-in went ina church. 1980, non-racialcourse,on to spokeItestablish whichaimed community. about wastoa radicalcreate fol-the IllichwereCapecatalyticon his stronglyand Townreturn. role Freire. during inThisinfluenced the The agency growththe UCM 1970s. by has of hadthe communityplayed Heworksapparently and an of others105 important Alinsky, work played in democratictionalfluencecourse.'obsession' practice, Theon herstructure course with understandingwhich participatoryhad, and necessitated approach.she felt, of `' democracyhad a participatory a strongorganisa- on in- the whichhadworkan important suffered amongst Freire from partdescribed BCM in the theactivists1 'banking' popularisationand the 6: type material of ofeducationFreire's offeredFreire's ideas excited the students who felt they 'humanassimilarand the the valuesvalues. solidarity'BCM ofThese were 'sharing', (within arein generalgiven BC 'human by it terms,wouldAlbert dignity' Nolan10°stressingbeIt 'blackseems and that both the radical Christian groups andSouthconcrete1972, circulated. Africa overalternatives. but500 Courses before copies Freire's UCM of which Freire's workitself aimed workwas tobanned were inform made in cutorganisation'bothsolidarity'). off liberation its overseas These by and the blackvaluesfunding. Government. theology. appear Members to1°9This be of effectivelyintegral theIn BCM1973 to the CI was declared an 'affected surveysdentsinformallyfellow became black to clarify at thestudents involved blackcritical ofuniversities in areas Freire's compiling for laterideas and community discussion. some were stu-run periodand certainbanned radical by the Christians, government were throughout being harrassed this . In October 1977 nineteen organisations, MethodistLeadershipganisations.fered by different Christian ForTraining example, church Leadership (CELT) the groups Christian organisation, Centre, for EducationyouthVarious and theor- leadership training courses were of- mentonbanned,mainly the however effectiveness those and Steve linked on Bikothe toof importance the thedied BCM,BCM. while and Thereofin detention. thethe isBCMAsCI agree- werementioned in earlier, there are different views 5 .1 coursesstressed.thaningCUPC, and laissez allleadership.that ran fairethey short orhad Democraticcourses authoritarian attended on community inleadership, theleadership) early organis- (rather1970s, was 107 Two of the interviewees recalled the possible:theitsblackgenerating contribution late people.110 1970s, it stresseda new tosome In theclimate termshumanism climatespeculative of of the resistancefor and question organisations commentsthe importance relating amongst are into 331; decisionsneedingof andthepeople; importanceself-reliance. to in itbe theemphasised empowered, struggle of As black a for 'thereaction and development,freedom; oppressed for tothem theit emphasised people',toBCM, leadership take somethe as tradictionApartheidthewhichand churchbureaucracy. led between society.to playa questioning the Intervieweesa significantchurch's of theory therolementioned possibilities inand changing practice, the con- thefor tionportanceoutsideof practices.the in liberalorder the of non-racialism,churchAttempts to and counter radical were were the inclined andwhitesmade,ongoing positive astoboth discriminatorywithstress discrimina-inside the the NYLTP andim- Africa,TowardsSPROCASideological which a Participatory influencespublication,was published at and thatDemocracy in it 1972,time. is purported Heis a wrote inmatrixRick South to it have Thrner's ofas a book, The Eye of the I edle: BCMhopedlive-inoppressionanalysis camefor'training society. of from of the course, blacks. importance theAn NEUM, antagonisticto They begin stressed of whoto thecreate response rejected psychologicalthe the importance 'ideal,to their the Nashwork.Christians.'hadby an attemptingasserts important Itthat, is toinfluence still'We understand regardedcan onlearn the the from asBCM limitationsan Turner influentialand radical only of his 113 In a very useful analysis of Thrner's work climateof leadershiptive.a class Withinof analysis.111 the became late the 1970s church more can opportunitiesavailable. also only Sincebe specula-Comment for the black late on the churches contribution to the ferentinwork, which ways,which he the worked,were limitations also and the thoughoflimitations the time perhaps in of which theThe in time dif- centralwe philosophical question which mondandblackbecome1960s, Tutu,through communities. black important and, the clergy more training religious Within recently, like programmesManas the and Allan youth political Buthelezi, Boesak organisations, blacks leaders have Des- and in Thrnerchoice?tivethefuture past willaddresses toIn andof beattempting men make recipgnised is: and howthat women tofutureis withoutanswerthe in historicalto accordance choose this,denying he reality their is the withunable crea- ownof their communitywhiteshaveganisationsFinancial wereplayed workexposedand to an develop.other important philosophies to resources different Organisations role andin educationalhave the approaches. developmentenabled like CUPC and or- commitmentto Marxism,inargumentresolve South the Africa forHumanism and tension a utopiancollective is influenced between and democratic, Christianity.political individual by Existentialism, action.socialist His moral Hisargu- state organising.of tioninthe thecommunity fieldto CI the and Severalof churches communityother organising activists church which obtainedworkorganisations.who was are mentionedand theirstill communty involved groundingOne by reac- four ness,mentanything,thestructure depends whichfuture, of andis: onisconsciousness, 'Mancan suchthe alwaysSartrean hasthat no it doubt can "nature"concepta continual never any of value.because beconscious- project bound It isthe intothis to 34 Gi of proachthe interviewees to organisations, as having was the affected church's their hierarchy ap- structurering when of consciousness we say man is to free. which He we transcends are6`) refer- the 4,, ceptSouthhimself.'115given of towardsAfrica consciousness Nash in a 1972,goal, whichaits value argument was which only required he contingently constitutes a con- argues that within the context of developmentThe process of of organisational political change solidarity through mustfind itself myselfthe involved in action. time,underformscoherenthistorical our andconcept theconsciousness. thus same excludedof historical the historical the It conditions, waspossibility atprocess the that ofsame thatany the beproblemslectivecome a participatory conscious action, of whites. ofexperiencehe the Heturns possibilitiesasserts to if a that peoplediscussion theyof freedom.are have Havingto of inter-be- the acknowledged the importance of col- leadershiptivism,workBCM wasis between that indeveloping. thebetween strugglethe importance individualism for change, of workingand andOne individual collec- ofclass the unresolved contradictions in this waysissuesofnalised (whichthe andavery amoral particular toas system adopt Nashappeal that humanthepoints to them'Christianthey model,out, tofight see is tohumanandthebased preserve. evilare onmodel'victimsof theiran He in- ingtime.genceverychange class. active of based workerIn in his attemptingon book moralorganisations Turner commitment. to encourage draws in Durban on Turnerthe both reemer- at Exis- wasthat116 He recognised the importance of the work- dominantdividualistcalalso context: speaks ideology explanation of he blacks argues in ascapitalist thatbeing for it resistance outsideis society). possible of the toRimerthat histori- the they tentialismthatFreire's there workand needs Marxism, (which to be impressed recognition which is Turner). reminiscent of theFor intimate change of to occur in South Africa, he argues tribalfutureindustrialhaveSouth notlife. based Africans internalisedsociety;He on assumes, the havethat communal theasthey not Nash consumer onlymay valuesnotes118, bea relatively able valuesof traditional tothat build of fullblack the aun- theorganisation.relationshipmentsto way see peopleinit differently.this between Effective seenew the way change world Heorganisation of notesseeing andin consciousness itthree themust must world111: essential help relate them and toele- derstandingexcludedlive.also ofPrecisely the fromof society the thebecause society indominant which blackin which they patterns South would they Africansof live, choosesocializa- but are to Ithechanged. must capacity seecome I mustthat to to playmy comesee capacity a the partto seeworld in myselftochanging doas thisable as havingit.can to And bebe severelyviewwhichtion, they influenced is challenged identifiedare excluded the withby BCM 1976.)from that theat socialization. the historical time butThmer's process (This was book was written in a clear and acces- talTorealisedtualworld, shiftgrasp awareness. onlyin theserather psychological in three cooperationthan Such facts a simple a shiftinvolvesattitude with changeonly other atowards occursfundamen- of people. intellec- oncethe I Southdeveloppointswhichsible way, Africa.appealedout a scenariowiththat Nash ita to directnessis many arguesforstill a one futureactivists that and of the socialistthea clarity socialistof few the attemptsofsocietyday. purpose,political Nash for to ato culturefragmented which isand emergent rudimentary, today, 'is and charaterised which is often by its trolledmilitary by wing, the political Umkhonto leadership we Sizwe of theremains organisa- con- beproducedrelevanceit.'reliance Oven "9 It aclearer isonvision today. in the this fonn ofreality The areathe bycentral future that of the the Turner's societystrugglesparadoxes past, whichwork toin createhis stillmighthas work hasnot andoflegal.formstion, ANC mass and Theof activity masslevels.Thearmed last tenorganisation in struggle yearsSouth programme haveAfrica, is bothcombined seen bothof illegal ademands rap'dat thewith and upsurgemilitary semi-ofother the classthehavewithin debates yetin the tocommunity be strugglesconcerning resolved. andfor They the aworker socialist importance can organisations still future. be ofidentified race and or in thearestateadoptedANC controlledSouth in is whichincontained 1956.African bythe It the land basically withinrevolution people. and the wealth calls The Freedomis forpresentdermed of a the democratic Charter,countrystage as 'the of ThebutpurposeCongress history reemergence to consider of of this thewithin sectionANC its possibleofthe is isthe well notcountry African documented.12°toeffect elaborate after onNational community its1976 history, The role'withliberationpressednational economicof thegroups liberation from working emancipation'.colonialthe Africanof class the oppression largest is people'.1" seen Here anCmost asis the crucial'bound National 'special op- upin thisoverviewandorganisations Dlamini121period. of the in inANC the a recentlate and 1970s. itsbook, apparent provideDavies, influence aO'Meara Thesuccinct ANC in is the leading force in the national masstionsecuring1978, to mobilisation. genuine the a 'speedy ANC and has progressionThe lasting combined military emancipation'. from strategymilitary formal appearsactionsIn libera- the withtoperiod since 1976, and particularly after broadnationallycipallyliberationments non-racial on pledged anstruggleoppressed, alliance movementto inthe of Souththe overthrow class ANC of Africa. forcesall seeks democratic of Basedamongst the to Apartheidforge prin- ele-the a complementstrategicberepresentatives concentrated economic to the ofon andarmed the sabotage militaryapartheid struggle, installationsattacks regime.123 a number against and As of a resourcesisformrole'State. a democratic ofof Within thenational areworking this 'at state liberation alliancethe classin disposal which itasachieved recognises the the of guarantor wealth the in South peoplethe and `specialthat Africa basic as the a openprogramme,PerhapsralliesANCrecent mass flags semi-legaland most support ANC have significantthe slogans campaignsforbeenFreedom the openly the ANC.have demandshaveCharter, displayedbeen In againrecent widely ofhave generated the years,at used.ANCbeen mass 36 gletance.whole'.years as itsliowever, it principal followed in strategic19(1 a strategy it adopted method of non-violentthe or armed struggle.The strug- ANCresis- Its was formed in 1912; for almost 50 (COSATU),Sash124,ingsSouthadopted and Africa as Congress class a basic by student forces, a blueprintlarge organisations, rangingnumber for a offuturefrom diverse democratictheto church Black66 of South African Trade Unions group- drawingbodies. 1985 up of was the the Freedom thirthieth Charter, anniversary and several of the The1970s community and early struggles 1980s In the late CharterorganisationstheareCalendar ANCextent even controlled testified. tomore usedwhich popular, this Thisthebodies, opportunity basic doesas but the demands not rather 1985 mean to demonstratesGrassroots makeof that the theANCthese pendenttaneously,asImportant 1970s,having trade andstrands contributedinclude unionwhich which themovement have memergence tohave thebeen been climatewith developing discussed new of of strategiesthe the inde- sosimul- late far Southofreflectedtionhave the tocome Africa.ANC the in to Apartheidthe as crystallise increasingthe leading system. a broadinternational revolutionary Thisdemocratic has recognition also forceopposi- been in state.whichandthe growththe In werelink reemergence this ofworkplace responsessection the BCM emphasis of toand andthe the' community ANCradical organic will after bechurch crisis' given1976, struggles, groups, toofall the of ofin andfactorstheresistance learnstruggle which from has forhas the been change, encouragedstruggles rediscovered has of thepeople been past. by one Theto activists,The look reemergenceof history the back of the ANC as a leading force plexboycotts,work,strugglesare and limited.although dynamic. thein the relationship Few ascommunk The we indepth havesources between as seen andsystematic opposedwhich in the the are two toconsumer used thoseis com-studies here at hastaneity,Africantheand influencedneedacademics. as Congressfor part organisation, theof The the approach emphasiswhich process asofrelied of thatopposedsome mass themore organisations. mobilisation, ANC to on the put spn- Pan on havetogroupseffectsEach givebeen of which are examples madethe very struggles eachof difficult the ofmay various lessons was have to discern.very collectivehad which complex,on Theindividuals seem activities. aim toand here have andthe is TheorganisationalexamplescreationFreedom participatory of Charter, whichstreet approach practice committees have and the beentowithin the'Mandela anddrawn drawing certain cells125, onPlan' up organisa-as of arefor'good' the twothe organisationeffectedpoliticalwith the the revoltgroupings generalamongst of students understanding ofmany the inoppressedof 1976.the activists. ofAll werecommunity theThe particularforced most to important watershed action came basiswhichtions.126the1980s. forradical encourages aThe strategy(This white non-racial will class petit adopted be alliances, bourgeoisiediscussed approach by the has later) of UDFa provided theplace It ANC,inhas inthe giventhea similarThebecamebeganreconsider uprising as occurrencesa amass protesttheir assumed revolt strategies:4i against in against the a national WesternBantu the The Apartheid Education, uprisingcharactcr Cape, Easternsystem. which soonwith BCM,struggle for ;against the most the part, Apartheid denies them. state, which the borderslayuprisings.repressiveCape dead, and and thousands . Atmachinery had the Thejoinedend of State of studentsin thethis an responded liberationattemptperiod, had fled manyto by acrossarmyhalt using people these 14°,Alls its 376 nineteenleaders wereorganisations jailed and, were as banned we noted in 1977. earlier,One of the lessons of 1976 is described by bersAmongstwestern of the some MarxistNEUM radical andcritiques whiteothers, unquestioninglystudents, who had some been mem-using in their ofupheavalstialtureFrancis129, effective grassof the roots ofuprisings who theorganisation infrastructure 1970sstates cannot grewihat bealthough amongmore wasdoubted, violent absent. the a mass substan-the As lack thena- of State.131theoryclassaanalysis challenge. and became of Inrace South Amongstiine was important with Africa acknowledged, Gramsci'ssome, the in therevolt their importancetheory ofanalysis and 1976 of Gramsci's transition offeredof of both the Theworkersendwerechannelled 'resistance of quickly and the studentsuprisings in energy' suppressedthe form became studentsof of the byisolated massesincreasingly the tried State. skirmishes tocould become Towards evident. only which morebe the intellectuals'organisations,institutions'some people in ofsaw whichthe the the form working could need of workerhelpto class. establish to developand community'proletarian With'organic the emergence of the ANC in 1977 and leadersfloundered.ganisationtheworker repressive andand that community theHence, reactionexisted banning with at orientated.of thatof the organisations, time, Statedemise However,such and of initiativesthe popular an disor-given or- timePeople'sBCMstance,1978, it elementsseems and theOrganisation Freedom raised that regroupedthe the CharterState (AZAPO) issues had encouragedwithin changedof in class the itsalliances. aAzanian strategynon-racial 1979.132 At this Thesustainroomganisationalfeeling experiences for the theamong momentum elaborationvacuum activistsof these wasof ofactive that uprisings createdstructures grassroots political leaving generated that conflict. structures would little a Governmentfunctiontowardsdeclaredship of organisations, in AZAPO anitcontinued aexplicitly 'restricted and and harrassment on AZAPOpolitical the organisation' 29 was Februaryof the allowed leader- which 1988 to way.133 The dentunderstandingTherelinewere or leadershipneeded. wasconscientisation' a shift There rather began towards had than to beenand link blindthe spontaneous criticismthe need activism. student for of theoretical thestruggles uprising.The BCM stu- rassed,leadershipmadeprohibits activists therefore it fromwas question the conductingcollective first the to issue leadership, beany detained ofactivities. leadership. whichState and repression har- wasThe throughout the 1976 uprising thestudentschange.nisedwith theoretical the their strugglesTheyshould limited believedframework be of inrole the the inthatworkers, lead. thewithin the struggleMarxism workers andwhich they for providedactivists not recog-social the lessandforState visible the absoluteto repression acceptstruggle and commitmentthewhich toalso possibilities be couldtaught able to rotate, tostudents continue. oftheir State was political about action. necessaryThe the level goals,134 need of 38 6:1 manyhomogeneouswasreflected developed. black on students their group.130 Blacks experiences realised, wereSocial was no a class critique longerthe andcrucial seen notof BCM issue.race, as a waswidespread'squatter low keyed'struggles. campaigns. and There mainly Community was acentred growth organisation in aroundIn the the num- period from 1977 to 1979 there were no ber of community work agencies and community 135 gles a range of lessons was learnt by both the petuscommunitySocialwasworkers. from being Work the work, exploit(' BCM for whichthe and aspromotion the ahad possible zadical gained of church strategy sociala strong groups, change. within im- It seems that the emergent field of centralbeenparentoutsideand discussed in areconcern agents the those community andinlearnt ad thecriticism hoc by inside newspaper, thecommunity outsiders.seems activisiz. to Grassroots. publications relateThese Most to have ap-the The Thewasselves.Workothers, woks mentioned Departments wereThe of Alinsky, beingCUPC earlier, studied andtraining Mich were within both andpart programmes, theat Freire,of university theagencies more amongst radicalwhichSocialthem- bycriticisms'expert'relatedimpact the members of issuewas theseems seriously ofoutsiders of community tothe be community an questioned.on assumption the control. levels at large,Underlying ofTheabout participation role and the of theneed the example,associationsmunityvanguardworking workers inwithin with Bishopin various were thethe LavisFoundationcommunity helping parts the of toUWC the establish forwork Cape Socialstudents field. Flats. residents Develop- Com- were For workersisvalueshipfor another participatory by of 'the theand underlying people'struggle other democracy, outsideof for each assumption. the people camp.members and collective Thewho Communityof educational encouragethe leader- camps mentactionCAFDA.Association;workers (FSD) by helped the to andcommunitiespromote establish in Vrygond organisation; the in Duinefonteintheirstudents demand SHAWCO worked Tenantsfor withcivil 136 Their aim was to promote collective courts,theofactiontunities community the are themselves.138 community to depriving learn to throughfight theobtain Itlegal is communitycontrolling argued battlesa false that through thesense ofthe collectiveoppor- members of the the agenciesandtherights, CommunityMinsky very also muchin played the Development alongU.S.A. an theimportant lines Projects of, role for within inexample,The Britain communitythe workers from the various munitywasofneutrality community a serious work of the amongst reassessmentworkers State apparatuses.139 radical in the ofMeatactivists. the boycott,role This ofBy com-criti-themthe end of the 1970s, and with the actions squattering.settlements,inworka pennanent Coleli struggles.has beenusefully part Cape Squatterofdone Cape placesTown, on Town's settlementsthe thealthough historydevelopment history. this have of Very issquatter beenchang- of little the queisganisation,Argumentspresented conductedis well in aspresentedwere bythe opposed the first being people few to madein community editionsthemselves. for community of work, Grassroots. One whichof or-the W/P140, andisalso strugglingWesternsquatter camps Cape. for survivalwithin The squatter the in politicalthe latecamps 1970seconomy which were of were the recognitiontowardspossible resultscommunity given of theto themworkers antagonism for theirby 1980which contribution is developed a lack toof , 7 Namecamps,Modderdam, camp, and in amongstWerksgenot, the early others. 1980s, Unibel Through Nyanga and theseCrossroads Bush, strug- No theManueltions growth in of1980 the network by contemporary of community historians. organisa- 141 for example argues that community or- 39 andgivennumerousganisations the impetus long community only historyby started community of organisations in community 1980, workers thus ignoring whichinorganising the1970s were the suchcampaign144inthey the startedas form rent toof increases.145 and linkbus community upboycotts143, with broaderThis struggles timethe political Free the over students'Mandela actions issues beforestrikesperiodwas that.discernible, ofin 1979popular set andthe itworkingtone ushered for laterclass in developments.an activity. intensifiedIn 1979 Two the first national stirring since 1976 tacticalofboycottgoals throughoutthe were broader wasweapon. more avoided. the community, clearlyboycottOne They, theme defined was throughsaw that theand thewas the boycotta mass protractedreiteratedmediation struggle as a nationwidediscussedCapeIn whichApril Town workersended earlier, boycottwent in onat thethis ofthestrike reinstatement ledFattis Fattis andto anda and wereseven Monis Monis dismissed.of month the products plant workers. long As in mostglestudentswas within an of ongoing thewere the coloured ablecommunities process. to continue schools Thus, in whichthe were after process unorganised.they the boycott,lived.ofBefore strug- the build up to the boycott, students at centres.upsurgethroughdocksShortly won afterwords,strikeThein factory-basedrecognition Fattis action. and stevedores The forMonis worker yeartheir struggle on1980 union, action the witnessed Cape the againin variousGWU, Town em- an boycottneedstudentmostWithin studentsfor awasbody. fewdemocracy controlled haddays Many an of SRC student thewithin from beginningwhich theleadersthe wasoutset movement ofelected stressed theby boycotta byCom- The thethe organisation.phasisedtheWestern meat the Cape. workers need The for strike two more most and permanent important the student formsevents boycott.1980 wereof saw intensified political activity in the teeCommittee.81.mittee ofThe 81of SRCs stated61, In which aeach document later elected became of two14/5/80 thedelegates Committee the Commit- to the of that146: boycott142uprisingdentsBoth were in revolved1976.differed played Whereas outsomewhataround in the the the same from students, events arena. that ofin The thethe1980 student stu- 1976 stu- atWe mustreasonstoschools as the students have Committee andfor more ourus should making representativesMASS ofdecide 81certainDEMOCRACY. meeting in our mustdecisions. meetings thenand gogive We stituentstudentparentsdentsstruggle actively andprotestpart offor of attemptedthe suchplaysdemocratic workers. a an struggle. importantto gainThey rights, Hence the realised part supportit is 1980in only thatthe ofsaw widerwhile atheir con-an democracyelectedsite of struggle. SRCs more was The broadlyseen struggle as part in thefor of thedemocraticallysociety. struggleIn 1980 These for the schools were seen as an important 40 J Student-parentphasisandacknowledgement trade on unionjoint action organisationsorganisations of the with importance parents wereand aofand formed, greater community teachers. em-and dr4tituenciorganisation,:ganisationsstruggles hai suches ande which sinceas particular COSAS147. beenconcentrated takenissues At thisupwere on by time particularemerging. other several or- Capewomen'sThese Civics included around UWO housing, and the and Women's the WCYL Front and on issues, CAHAC and the Federation of circulationingin a membersrange of of communitywithin between the other15 organisations, and organisations. 20 MO orcopies by With lead- per a universityCAYCObeenlongaround terminspired immediateto students. coordinateprogrammatic either demands, In by youth,addition the demands, Freedomthey also tohave AZASOorganising whichCharter, put forward forhave the edition,munityofthrough the newsletterand organisations the a community distribution on the has the organisations,been network development important. primarily the Grassrootsof impact com- has had a very clear message since Anti-SAICmentperiodBCM, Committees orwere the campaign theNEUM anti-Republic and Ten Anti-SAICin CapePoint Day,Town,Programme. anti-Ms.nage- theThe reemer- explicitly 'political' campaigns in this actions.148 In the viously),thosemessagelyingits inception: assumptions stated inand its UNITE byothers first Turner, which few concernedand years, appeared ORGANISE!(who are withwas tovery underpinparticipatoryquoted The similar under- pre- this to discussedwhichwastweengence one traditional ofwas of thein the tothe traditiong firstoccur next groupings signs section.in political 1983,of thebecame andpolitical antagonisms whicha feature. regrouping will This be- be thereparticipatoryansweredaccountability,democracy. are exceptions in The particular character questionsparticipation to ways,this of of dominantdemocracy, leadership,which and educationemphasise view. authority,although A few arethe theanalysesspecificpublications, Greater this organisations Cape period newsletters Town of community like area, the published comprises Federation orgadisationThe by ad oflocalcertain hoc Cape in literature which describes and examplesThetions.Leadership, idea will of becollective given authority to leadershipillustrate and accountability these was observa- promoted Newsletter.LeagueCivics,amongstwhich CAHAC,(WCYL),was different The established latter orand organisations, thepublication Grassrootsto Western facilitate is rather communicationCommunityCapethe only than Youth one as an thatthroughtheganisationinto the individuals leadership policy the newsletter. were had behind been positions'.considered not Onethem.150 'to example Ideasbuild more The upconcerning important ofauthorityindividuals this was than wasor- organisationsInainternal non-racial 1982 publication as asopposed members.149 for anto aorganisation. BC orAn NEUM analysis It position.supports of the Grassroots had a hundred local community particularseenreaders to lie how organisations.with to 'thestart people'an organisation, In anor thearticle members it advisingIt is ofimportant that the community speaks with states151: 76 intocontentaremunityamongst the written ofdominant activists. this by therapidly viewsMost full-time ofexpandingon the organisational workers articles group who in are ofissues activecom- Grassroots provides important insights Grassroots exceptmunity;doone not voice; throughclaim that that individuals to theirindividuals speak organisations. on do behalf withoutnot make of a the demandsmandate com- 41 t; (AGM)ability'to encourage was to the collectivemembership leadership'. of an organisation. AfterAccount- the 1982 Annual General MeetingGrassroots policy was restated as having changedganisationthinkingcontrolling by and callingmakes what the doing.Everyone happens. athe meeting rules. Allof Rules everyone. share in are the in also theor- politicalissues.some changes The campaigns, major could emphasis be rather discerned was than on concerning verymore pamchial explicitlyAfter these the formation of UDF in August 1983 helpedcialthePeople wholeinformation learnto getorganisation. as the much share skills asit sowithpossiblePeople that others. they who about can Peoplehave running do spe- theare wereUDFUDF,questions werebeinggivensuch asofwidely encouragedextensive Oscarlocal reported. Mpethaorganisation. coverage. to andparticipate It seemed Rev. The The Allan activities thatbehindleaders Boesak, people the of problemsEveryonewholeare teachingjob. and in doesthe themselves organisation the work. all In thethis discusses time. way peopleThey the do tomaymediateleadership the have movement issues been of the in also rathertheirUDF for communities.thanrather there to thantoa localbe around accountability The organisation, tendency the im- notpeopleasInformation need possible. formalmake Onlyis the certificates.shared right with bydecisions. all all the members information as much can ParticipationalthoughseveralParticipation this reasons. is seemed difficult and Oneducation to to onehave state level, been with anypromotedit was certainty. used for to articleswhichpromoted is have non-hierarchical the concentrated idea of a collectivist andon democracy participative, organisation,In as contrast asome for- to this article, and others which have mobiliseanother'thefor civil expert' people levelrights.we had speak toparticipation Inbeenbecome a for number challenged, ourselves' involved had of articles been hadin and the viewedbeen the thestruggle sloganideaprominent. as ofa On comparisondures153,drawinasentation.mal mechanism up have Theseof and constitutionsbeen whichcontrast articles of is isconcerned on,and mentioned foron meetingexample, with as anrepre-proce- ex-the a more legalistic nature. This beentheshouldtheirstrategy activities leadership be to involved develop because ability. members'in of decision-making itsThe educational ideaself-confidence that allvalue, and people in andhad all promoted. An article 'What is inevitableviewsampleand whichofdecision-making, the part differing,were of a conveyed,project and such andsometimes and asthe Grassroots.which importance competing seemThe sharing an of of skills, participation in planning 42 democracy? '152 states: EveryoneAllIn a membersDemocratic has a aresay Organisation inworkers planning, and organising managers. and tilTstionGrassrootsstressedevaluation1981 to in 1983so hasnumerousthe as alsobi-annual toGrassroots learn emphasised articles. from assessments actively mistakes, Thethese functioningencouraged values.through had all From beensur- par-of participationworkshopsveys,1984 questionnaires, annual for evaluation,organisationalby many publicorganisationshowever, representatives. meetings did not and see and Theactivein- siveGramscihavebelong society. had to, has tocommunity pointedfulfillCommunity many out, and is diverseorganisations workerinevitable roles.organisations in a inThis repres- Cape as wasestablishmentthatcludingdividuals. spokenthe Grassroots, organisations Participation about of UDF.154 within had hadindecreased; community Themany been way organisations, effected onethat organisations reason democracy by was thein- ofpresentthemTown democracy. a could diversediffering therefore within range views organisations.of be onexperiences expected the theory to which andhold practice withinwould starkditions.appearedrhetoric contrast to of be certain tochanging the organisations, dominant with these views appeared changing within,forThe to con- bepopular, in participatory democractic TheputtoFront transition theformation the industrialand South Capefrom African of and the Action political relative StateUnited League under quietturmoil Democratic mounting of ofthe the 1960s 1970spres- examfle,tions.peopletice of thewho NEUMNEUM are not tradition.was a part unknown of Thethe affiliatedtheory to the andmajority organisa- prac- of 155 In two interviews with persons who have repression.throughhassure. absorbed As Francisa two In the prongedresponse struggle strategy to of the the crisisof black division the masses State and 156 explains, traditionally the State had close contact with this tradition, it was saidAlthoughaAfter very1960s that: the low-keyed, the repressivethe NEUM organisation semi-underground took state a actions decisionwas not in banned,to the fashion. operate early it in and743hasrefinedretained been inpeople June form intensified.these 1980were of twinmass therecharged For elements,disorganisation. wers, instance, in at216 least albeit from'terrorism' 330 Repression 1977-1980,in people a more trials in consideredcouldn'tadopted.peoplewhich affordmeant that Thesea luxury. measures broadto operatemeant andExperience trusting for openopenly.Democracy survival participation the had leadership, had taught to was be capitalistthepronounced.concerned,'preventative 1970s form. increasinglythe The cooptiveConsequently detentions'."' mass resistance elementtook byonInsofar has1978 an to become openlyApartheid virtuallyas division anti-more allin is Thereknowmaking.and not everything.were expecting We many had to peopleto acceptbe a withinpart that of thewe the newcould dtcision- com- not of programmeBotha,mentsectionsthe SADF, were thenof theanddemanding ofMinister organised 'verligte'a 'total of reform. strategy' elementscapitalist Defence, In to ofclass1977 themeetannounced andGovern-Mr. what leaders P. W. he a thcmunitythereN 1950s,1960sEU hasorganisationsM or been the bannedno and legal who 1970spolitical political had either hadorganisations. party experience within for people 11rhile the in to termedtemptedAwas major 'a 'the guarantee creationinitiativetotal onslaught'. for of of the a the black system programmeIts fundamentalmiddle-class, of free enterprise'. is aim the at- who 43 ,r; thenwould presumably obtain a material would be stake prepared in the tosystem defend (and it), meetingthis end in Rev in January called 1983.for a unitedAt this masses.maintainwhileand which atThus, theandthe would same divisionstrengthenthe new timedivide amongst Statestrengthen the them basic strategy the off capitalist disenfranchised.elements from hoped the system, whichblack to Theyprimarilyrespondedtives.democratic withdrew Certain those frontpositively who fromorganisations to fightadopted the to DBAC.the this theGovernment's call. FreedominOthers Cape They remained Charter. Town initia-were colouredmentStateBill,which ofinitiatives the thewere and Black Tricameral Indianthe to LocalBlack this people, endParliament AuthoritiesCommunities included the `Koomhor toBill the incorporateDevelopment anddevelop- theBills Or- withmetalignselvesin the inBC themselves weakenedintomid-1983 tendencies the Cape DBACand with and Action which the thoseand National attractedLeague.later who formalised followed Forum Theyorganisations were a whichthem- more to thepermanentBill.derly urban The Movement areas.158primary urban andresidents aim Settlement of these from bills otherof Black was Africans to Persons divideIn response in to the 'New Deal' of the Govern- tensivelyexplicitlysions1983, crystallised socialistin which the local was line.161 into organisations.attended a conference by some These on of the theThe discus- 12 organisa- formation May of the UDF was discussed ex- Towncussmeetingment,1982, possible was several thethen and Federation actions.The in thisorganisations September led ofto Cape hefirst the begancalling Civics159Women'sto meet to of meet in a Frontin generalCape Juneto dis-held a unionwithoutroundThetions discussions now withdrawalof the discussions a unions.part ofwere have UDF(Some were inconclusive been and of held notedallthe the onreasons previously.) 21majorand July afor secondunions. 1983trade At Thistomeeting DisorderlyMovementconsider was of the all joint Billstartcommunityand ActionSettlement actionof what Committeeandto became oppose workerof Black known organisations(DBAC).the Persons Orderly as theIt Bill. in- thisCapebranchDemocratic meeting Town of the theonit Front.national was theatmosphere 20 decidedThis AugustUDF later waswhich to 1983. became politicallyform was At the launched thisa regional charged,Cape time in problemsNEUM,cludedexample,was notmembers and because long afrom key before ofBCfromissue their and becameorganisations thispoliticalnon-racial committee the differences. presencetendencies. within ran ofForthe into Itthe debatedclearly,CALtheiras activists membership hadthe and delineatedpros onfor andallthe ofsides firstcons it.the The time ofofpolitical the aformation since popular political groupingsthe front,earlyof spectrum, UDF 1960s, andmore and 44 whichalsowhitea national personal studentled to problemscampaign, organisation, antagonisms, in and the committee.160NUSAS.a meetingand inefficiencies There wasAt called aboutwere tothis time ideas were being mooted for onneededtomore whichcommunity explicitly to relate.community organisations political This has and structures made worker in aCape noticeable have organisations Town. developed impact In conclusion determiningpoliticaltoricparticularThe case 'moment'. study setcontext roleof has Wevoluntary indescribed has haveboth played arguedtheassociations the formation development anthat important the at and ansocio- his- ofthe a counter-hegemonicTheandclearly'democratic' call on for athe part 'democracy' other, forms of the groupings itthese ongoinghas byorganisationsinfluenced theis, ideological onoppositional the the onehave practicesstruggle, hand, taken. or Thevariousforegranted.shownwithin meanings toorganisations quarters, vary Thegiven widely based meanings toin and 'democracy'ona varietytherefore a varietyhave of emanated cannotconcreteof have theories bebeen ways.fromtaken and pendentsentativefavouredcertainpractices. times trade byform, For some participatoryunion example, while organisations, movement in, wefor democracy haveexample, aat combination othersshown thehas a that repre- inde-been ofat mentsorganisationalmass1988. participation for community goal. and organisations representation from has The1985been next anto case study focuses on major develop- 45 ANDEVELOPMENTS OVERVIEW OF IN communityganisationsGreater Cape isduringwork, Town. by function 8 Thethe cultural, periodbreak as follows: -down82 1985 education, to 4 re- of these or- civics,1988 1 in COMMUNITY1985GREATERORGANISATIONS TO 1988 CAPE TOWN IN FROM Thiswhichstartedyouth,search, is nearly itself23 duringresource political double saw the anda preceding verytheand information, number 6 dramatic women's five of organisations yearsupswing21 organisations. student - a in period and the ganisationsThereIntroductionand 1988.was a in Inproliferation Greater this case Cape study of Townkiew we will: community between 1985 or- integrationformationdramaticallygrowth of newof of in8 cultural community newthe last cultural activities three organisations. organisationsto four into yearsthe Thefunctions withand area the of cultural work has developed 21 ofGive Attemptlishedcommunity an overviewbetween to explainorganisations 1985of the the and findings increase 1988.which of werein the the surveyestab- number Gaberoneofculture.interestference many other Culturaland activity organisations. activityFestival in the also and field gained Boththe of CASA theimpetus arts1982 con- andbe- 159, held in Holland in 1987, injected new 3 turalmentsof Highlightnew arena in organisations the both somepolitical, nationally of the socio-economicby trendspointing and locally.and to the develop- and issues cul- for ganisationscause,widespreadrelatively under began safeharsh was means thisandto use phenomenonrepressive of the political arts as resistance.that a legal by 1986 and So it conditions, or- pictureganisations of developments - it is merely within able communityto pointThiscommunity to somecaseoi- study organisations does not give during a comprehensive this period. culturalCurrentlyUDFhadmovement begun and activities the the to COSATU(MDM) beroles called as of part are culturalestablished 'peoples beinzof the organisationsdebated mass 'cultural democratic within desks'. and some culture'.160 The ANporarypreliminaryimportant OVERVIEW history trends attempt of andthese OF to issues. '1'HEcapture organisations. SURVEY'SIt someshould of bethe seen contem- as a oforganisations Southsignificant African of developments. the Council MDM."°1 on SportThe position (SACOS)In of the asthe areathe of sport there have been a number ThetheandFINDINGS survey, establishmentto85 which which we referis ofpresented youapproximately to for in morethe next detail145 section new reveals or- lengedleadingamongstcriticisedCongress withnonracial other(NSC).162 the by formation people things,sports SACOS federationitsin of politicalthe the has MDM National increasinglyhas role been because and Sports chal- its been in-of 4786 ability to attract an African membership. formedmationnumbers sinceorganisations of education, the beginning research, with of82 1985. new OfThere has been a substantial increase in the resource and infor- ones being these or- latedGreatermanyandto service worker fervent new Cape the organisations.'service debateneedsTown ofregardingbut organisations', the also 'mass-based'This nationally, their proliferation roles, not community has their only stimu- of in ac- so cumstances,werecrisisfromganisations thesetwill 'educationup be there tofor discussed respond example, are crisis' many into theof thewhicha 1984particular Parentnext emerged and section.) Action 1985. set directly of Com- cir- Some(This rangepoliticalcountability, of milieu.1"economic and their and location social sectors within whichtheAnother broader they feature of the new organisations is the GuguletuCommitteesactivitiesmittee was and around established Nyanga were the also educationareas. in established 1985 Concerned crisis to co-ordinate in theMitchell'sParents' Langa, the culturalselves.havesincerepresent developed1985 Sectors workers, and several organise.of organisational teachers, doctors,different Our lawyers,dentists, professional survey structures social planners,indicates groupingsfor workers, that them- en- ganisationsticularOthers,PlainSociety in educational such1986 (CECS), were as and theformed. wereissues.at Cape Langa establishedThese TwoEducation High during to Computer take are Usingnew Spoken literacy or- up par- 1987. newganisationsatvironmentalists representativeleast 3 new have professional and beenbodies. academics formed.' In the Ilealth 64healthhave allworkers' field developed alone or- theGeletterdheidonlyand Regional Written in the , EnglishLiteracy (SAG). (USWE), TheCo-operation and recent the previouslySuid-Afrikaanse establishment Comittee is of based a lishedliamentarysignificant during 'whitedevelopments the period politics'. 1985 Organisationsis to within 1988 whichAnother sector within which there have been extra-par- estab- work tionsanotherlocalsignificant nationally.literacy and development it projects works with and in theotherorganisations literacy literacy field. organisa- with It links one (IDASA),Branch).UDF)Democraticwithin and this CapeThe the sector Five CapeAlternatives Democrats specificallyFreedoms Democrats, (anForum forare affiliateMowbray theSouth (Western Institute of Africa theCape Youth for Centre,Resourceattween the 1985universities. are Centre and community-based. 1988. and Others, A thcnumber Wynbergsuch of as these Some the Resource areAthlone of 19based the new resource agencies were formed be- ganisationsshouldthe(GAYCO)Congess UDF be that organisationally were (MOYCO)provided members formed bases and ofafter their Gardensforbased. it whiteswas Area These decidedYouth Committeeswho alignedCongress within new or- theandforresearch,resource others, resourcethe Labour agenciesand namely and research Research research theare hasinvolved Service projects become in (LRS).Research forms Several of Project action were establisheda primary locus of toliamentaryworkedoverthemselves apartheid more with whites organisationswith and both the splitto extra-parliamentary theMDM the MDM to white andunite position. whoruling white aimed bloc. oppositionThey and Their have 86 to win par- propriateextra-parliamentaryapproach politicalhas intensified strategies political the debatesand groups tactics."' amongst around ap-the ganisationscestions and have working been which exploring co-operatively. service waystrade ofunions For sharing example, have resour- been or- outeconomicSquatterreponse of resistance and Supportto specific political to forcedGroup developments context. removalsAd Hoc For Committee between example, in theNew 1984socio- thearoseorganisations have also formed in direct communityCommunityandmeeting a large to explorebuildingorganisations House. appropriate Awas number renovatedare housed of 'codes trade-unions and there.168 of opened conduct' and as production.welfarehavepovertyto 1988. started withinneeds, Others Co- projects thesuch operatives have population. as which respondedfeeding have areMany schemesbecome concerned to organisationsthe popular andgrowing withfood as majorInDEVELOPMENTSSOCIO-ECONOMICAN this OVERVIEW nationalsection weand will OFlocal DURING mentionNATIONAL ANDsocio-economic POLITICAL briefly1985-1988 some and politi-of the employmentforumnewincome-generatingfacilitate forms for co-ops of co-operationhas economic been has projects been taken organisation. formed amongstup and as asan in experiments issueCape them.166An informal byTown 3 new Un-toin macrotheretionsthecal developmentsgrowth mayduring developments not of the beso periodamany which causal and newfrom appear relationship the community 1985 establishment to have to 1988.between influenced organisa- While of the a onorganisations.167relatingwell economic as on to theunemployment. survival broader These strategies political organisations and for economic members focusOrganisations both issues as have also formed in direct analysedbeencontextparticular formed in fromorganisation, which and a varietyshaped. community these of socio-economi9n developments organisationsThe setcurrent have and the situation in South Africa has been bysion.tionssurveyresponse the Thewere wordshows tonames initiated the 'crisis'. that increasing of approximately tosome Others oppose of levels these are, and of 15forchallengeare repression. new example,distinguished organisa- repres- Ourthe merelypoliticalthescholars development point perspectives have to raisedsome of bycommunity ofand numerous the which issues organisations. seem scholars."' which pertinent these We to ofrestricted,Alliance.theCommittee new Press organisations othersCampaign Asfor thesome have Defence beenorganisationsdespiteand offormed.the Democracy, repression Free The the have emergence Children isthe onebeen Save of pointeconomyIt isfromEconomic widely to 16 the is percent inacknowledgedcrisis crisis.developments toare: 20Some the percent risingofthat the inthe rateindicators 1985; South of theinflation, African whichfluctuat- strategyperiod.the most It to isinteresting suppress indicative its developments ofopposition. the failure of during theDuring State's this this period some community organisa- timatetheing1985; highestmortgage being increasing ever4,5 rates million recorded unemployment which of thereachedwith economically an figures unofficial25 percent which active es- in are 49 :1 (1 inforeignpopulation foreign1984; debt disinvestment companies.170 in from 1985; 8% the of dramaticby the increasing GDP rise in 1980in numbers the to State's 27% of unionsthroughthewas State led(see bya Casehad programme community sought Study One).to of organisationsmaintain reform From thecalled its latesupremacy and the 1970s trade'total example,crisisfare has services, partbeen of to andits privatise housing certain various stock, key state ofhealth its industries. assets, andOne wel- for of In the State's responses to the economic national strategy'. According to Swilling:Total 174re-organised,riding strategy the crest planners the of 1979-1982 a wave.in the earlyThe economic state 1980s had were boom been the171economyaddition 'informal theas sector'part State of is theand focussing 'solution' the deregulation moreto unemployment. and moreof the on businessmoderatesgrowth.created anwasUnrest were atmosphere cooperative coming was under forward ofand prosperity control, the to collaborate,right-wing black and developmentthecommunityhad increasedimportant organisations projects' implicationsinvestment by incompanies infor this 'black the period, growth community which hasAnother of beenhavenew significant development, which has Thegrandwasracial relativelyState's visions cooperation major quiet.of socialpolitical flourished.It was change, inaim this in reformcontext this period andthat TheSocialWestern officialdisinvested' conditionsEurope population and and North figure other America.172 of funding South Africa foundations was from colouredtheresultedmajoritywas Tri-cameralthe incorporationin intoand the 1983new Parliament constitutionalconstitutionparticipation of some which sections and inframework. the theprovided ofparliamen- creation the black This for of provision.implicationsannum.projectedgiven officially This growth The rapid for asincreasing rate37,2 allpopulation formsof million approximately population, of ingrowth state June 1988andhas rapid2,8% serious socialwith perur- a constitutionaltaryintoitsreforms system rule the inindustrialwhich as the junior reformstownships means relationsparmers. the were andState system,Accompanying urbanincorporate hoped thus and to weakening legitimiselabour workers these tionsbanisation,lyofresulted describedtheand majority an in increaseand a infurther ofthe the instudycrisis deteriorationthepopulation. "Uprootinggeneral in the economy impoverishmentThis in Poverty".173social is graphical- havecondi- nificanttionalStatethe growing security Management feature working-class system of the System hasnew been securitymilitancy. (NMS). developed, system A most Overisthe that Na-sig- the it last ten years a sophisticated new 50 Di anddevelopmentsConstitutionalDuring unprecedented September and level 1984 other of and resistance political June 1986 to thea dramatic State ingvolveareahas national Jointeducation,an personnel organisational Management to a health,local from level. allnetworkwelfare, Centres State At departments,thewhichand (JMCs) local the extends SADF, levelwhich includ- there fromplus in- 61,Q tainrepresentatives churches, cultural of local and government sports bodies.175 and from Whilst cer- IndianLocal Authorities Management (PLAs) Committees, which are Blackcoloured Local and spots'.theligence-gatheringoperateJMCs upgrading Byallegedly as October a local of havethe network. unrest-1986 townships a thewelfare monitoring Theystate identified hadalsofunction, established coordinateand asintel- they 'oil constituencies.180aregovernmentSinceAuthorities to 1984W.Asoversee for(BLAs) the have Withfirstprovision andbeen time.the white incorporatedinstallation Their of servicesMunicipalities. main of intofunctions fourteento localtheir CO,beennetworkAdriaan described of approximatelyVlok, as 'thedescribed silentup . 500 take-over' the JMCs State's in or whatIn acounter- May'quiet has 1986, the Minister176 of Law and Order, onRSCsplementationtime.18 a city-wide, by mid-1988r cross-race of "localresolution politics character 435 has leading "begun for the toBesidesto firsttake inde- these national developments, the im- theirmeasures'.plannersstrategies,revolutionary bases', masspart Theserefer strategy ofdetentions measureswhichto as as included'soft andbombing have localwar' become what government 'theor the 'welfareenemypopularly security in regionalarelateAngolapendence operating. 1980s have political for within profoundly NamibiaOne developmentswhich example and communityaffected theof the ending are theinfluence havingorganisationsclimate of the that within warof the in localofprogramme,heartsknown particular government andas the minds'.177the townships, WHAM State reform, has strategy Throughembarkedhousing cooption i.e. development, on:theof'winning leadership upgradingWHAM the discussion,light.settlement'theMDM.) country (Dunng for withinis 1989 Southto put this many Africa the issue issue organisations itselfhas beenof under a 'negotiatedthe the focus of spot- the of mentwithinreforms,Council,government propaganda black scrappingsuch communitiesstructures ascampaigns deregulation, of influxand and the through control, certainproposed privatisation pro-govern-theeconomic National local and bothpowerTheExtra-parliamentary State'strade to the unions reforms black and majority failed community opposition toand transfer were organisations. rejected effective by Councilsbeenmarkets.uncontrolled the development (RSCs). regional/metropolitan As Pierreof the duRegional Toit179 ServicesAnother labourstates: major constitutional development has178 economic,elections.182Evidencetolevel 1986 of of massin social this many In mobilisation was and parts the political lowof thewas poll countryconditions achieved at the 1988through from a PLAhigh 1984 rent response to the deteriorating cameral"RegionalRSCsrulinginstruments Parliament,party'sconsist Services of 'reform ofconstitutional Councils,representativesconstitute programme' alongthe engineering most with fromin importantthe the Primary 1980s." Tri-in the whichment.coordinatingstay-aways.boycotts, Activists were consumer usedThe these formed UDF as struggles boycotts,alternative played stn.% into andanschool local important aarea national boycottsstructures committees rolemove- and ofin it townships'people's 'ungovernable'. power', with Thesethe aim local of structuies,making the MarchCommittee 1988. for This the was Defence a response of Democracy to the restrictions on 7 prevention,tookwhichresidents''people's over included key courts',grievances.183 administration township union refuse participation functions removal Indicator184 of justice insuchand some handling asthroughrecorded crimeareas, of a ganisationsbanned.ganisationtheplaced 29 Februaryon On 18 launched was23 organisations May restricted1988. the1988 Seven'Save approximatelyand and the days 18 their Press' individuals later, first campaign the66 rally or-on rentduringtotal1988. or number theservice, These period of andboycotts 202from 26 boycott transportSeptember included actions boycotts. 198451 consumer, nationallyto On10 Junethe 155 December 1985 the country's largest onin SouthANC Capepress has TownAfricansfreedom.i°° grown in rearnseand in stature it has to increasingincreasinglyamongst a restrictionswide beenThroughout range recog- of the period from 1985 to 1988 the mostmillionTheAfricantrade-union founding powerful trade Trade unionconfederation, of Unions non-racial COSATU members (COSATU), trade brought from Congress union 33 wastogether unions movement launched.of South inhalf the a nisedwebecausecal internationallySizwe.force of of in Onactions its the the political country. political andby itslocally ormilitary Thislevel diplomatic as hasmanya wing,leading occuted groups Umkhontowork politi- bothhave and cilthatincreasinglysmaller of the1987. Trade country trade Since Unions become union had 1986 ever (NACTU),federation, athe major witnessed.185 trade force union thewas Nationalin founded movementthe Another, mobilisa- Coun- in has nessleaders,Lusakaheldleaders discussionscommunity, sinceacademics, from 1987: a andrange tradestudents, these consultel of unionistshave both members included withparliamentary and theof politicalreligious theANC busi- inand onprotestthreecommunity.tion certain ofday againstboth stayaway community For workers the example, restrictions on the andorganisatiom they6,7,8 other imposedorganised June members 1988and by a the calledthenational of tradeState the in exiledwidebeenextra-parliamentaryANC, rangeincreasing South and of Africansinsectors numberssome groups.189which undercases of have conference',the leadershipPAC,Therebrought withhave acrosstogether of repre-also the a munityworkersworktionsunion Bill.stoppagesmovement organisations in They 1988 have alone.18°andinvolving. thealsothey proposed organised spearhudedTogether a total Labour of strikeswith 161national Rela-com- 399and fromsociety.191discussionsberssentatives of1984 South inside toaboutOn 1988 theAfricans thefuture militarythere country.190 policy was are front, a beingin marked duringaIncreasing 'post-apartheid' drawn escalationthe period num- into positioncampaign.187andcampaigns they duringhave such initiated thisas the period Release the militantwas Mandela the Livinglaunch campaignAnother :1/3geof the example of extra-parliamentary op- 9 t) Inade230resultingof 'guerilla in it 1986 more from attacks'.and possible'Id the 322community attacks inThe for 1988.192 membersrose increase organisationsfrom This of44in trade climatethein 1984, deaths unions to has toshow their al- legiance more openly to the ANC. international conference held in Further restrictions on media and on reporting Harare.198 TheSeveralnaturewasState speech mentioned repressionof repressive ofState Minister ieform above, measures Vlok and marked inrepression have May a followed 1986,change strategies. which insince. the publicationsperiodictionsby journalists haveof thesuspensions come States includewere under of imposed Emergency.and consistentNew threats Era,around of pressureSeveral Weekly closure. the declara- publica-through Mail,These munityTheseoftions,12 events,June include organisations terrorism 1986, repressive the restrictions Statetrials, and of media legislationindividuals, Emergency on restrictions, trade and massunions,declared the deten-banning disap- com- on Progress.199Grassroots,fourorganisations years. TheSouth, havebanning New been of Nation thebanned significant and during Work ManyCOSATU the inpastevents organised by extra-parliamentary toCOSATUpearance 1988.193the workplace. of in manyTheFebruary State activists. In 1988, addition,also !niposedconfining numerous restrictions its activities33 com-community on organisations were restricted in monitoredbeenCapeConference'and UDFallowed Town byinitiated isscheduledtothe an take police. example." place,national for they 24 When 'Anti-Apartheid haveOctober eventsbeen 1988 strictly have in munitymemberslinks,leaders,Between activists and about wereJune more and arrested.19480%and than unionists Decemberof 2 them 000 haveIn rank-and-filewho March 1986, been had 1989detained. 614COSATU unionit was theoperationtivetails Labourlegislation union of Relations organisations. whichaction hasAmendment and had Exampleswhich a direct Act, COSATU impact of which theseDuring on cur- arethe and 1988 the State introduced new restric- estimatedofJulyrestricted the 1985.195 South that under approximately African the Emergency security 643 legislation people regulations had Nearly andbeen since for 56 000 people were detained in terms tionsForeignNACTU'disappeared' receiving Funding are challenging, fundsor Act, been from which murdered. andforeign affects the Indonors."Disclosure alla recent orzanisa-An reportincreasing of number of activists have otherYengenisuchtrials1988."6 ,Rolitical ashave the trials. beenSince so-called crimes takingMany 1985 betweenStofile, placepeopleseveral throughout Delmas,have treason1984 been and Forbes,and the jailedMarch countryterrorism and for justto beforefromactiviststhe Human 2 hisSeptember had ownRights been brutal 1987Commissionassasinated murder, to 5 July during Davidstated 1988.0" Webster,,thc thatIn period 8summary, community and trade union or- ahighpolitically successfulthebeing percentage establishment held related Freeunder of publicthe theofdetainees theChildren Emergency violence Free under the campaign Children regulations the age Alliance, of led18 to offences:9 The and an blatantlypower'theganisationsrepression. experience to coercive that have 'Hwy olof in'survival'mass measures the have mobilisationlast had fourtactics of to the years adapt underState for gone to'people's and severeboth from the the 53 9 d experiencedmorewithand sophisticated minds' a deterioration growing of the strategies people.poverty in their of Theirand 'winningstandards unemployment members the of hearts health, have Townyear3 800 has 000 increased bLthe year pressure 2000 on and available to 4 600 jobs. The000 Thebymigration the2010.2w of people into Greater Cape materialthehousingprogrammes form andconditions of organisationswelfare. have of beenIt the can period.stronglyand be anticipated the contentinfluenced that of theirbothby the findofmentnationally,economy the employment is labour on of hasthe the force increasenot Western grown in(i.e. the with26,8%)Cape, formalsignificantly. an as inestimated withsector'.2°' 1987 the Unemploy- notable economy 285 These 000 to InDURINGTHEAN this OVERVIEW GREATER section 1985-1988 socio-economic OFCAPE DEVELOPMENTS TOWN and AREA demographic IN TBprobabilityfurtherfigures cases deterioration are indicates. continueunlikely in toas living improvethe increasing conditions and therefore number will in allof a 268 Simonstowndevelopmentsbeforetrends specifically a more to within Tabledetailed in communityCape Bay, description TownAtlantis, organisations.will Bellville beis sketchedgivenGreater and of Cape Town (which extends from whites,AuthoritiesJulyCouncil 1987.2® 28 (RSC) Management (PLAs) In was addition, introduced i.e. Committees 18 several Municipalities in Cape Primary for Town colouredsIn Localline on for 1with State policy a Regional Services educationalgrowthrapidStrandthe fringe population overand of Somerset theand Paarl, last other growth few Wellinvon, West)"3 socialyears. and Asserviceslimited has a Stellenbosch, result experienced economicare housing, under countrytionsforand Africans Indians for on the 26 and now OctoberPLAs 7 existBlack took 1988.210in Local the place Western Authorities throughout Cape. The(BLAs) Elec- Nationalthe Management System (NMS) has lessTownnersincreasing educated.`v4 that will thein pressure. thenAnear majority It futureisof projected the be population poorer, by urbanyounger Greaterof plan-Cape and Cape Town is experiencing the fastest madeCrossroads.upgrading.areasalso available been having implemented Two An for been ofestimated upgrading these identified inareas Cape R100 Crossroads. are Town asmillionBonteheuwel 'oilspots' with Roads,has certain been andfor poverty-strickengelymetropolitanpopulationthe theinflux result growth,control areas. of rural increased Thislaws relative areas.205 exceptionalin 1985 migrationto Thegaveany growth scrapping ofimpetus thefrom isother tolar-the of this hasly.211powerhouses, had development aserious creche, implications a community centre have for centre beenlocal built communityandThe recent-a implementation man- of the JMCs in Cape Town frompopulationtownshiptrend and2 720 toof ofthe030 . Greater rapid in 1987 development Cape to It 3 is Town000 predicted of000 willthe in sprawlingincrease that1990 the to Langa,ofareasorganisations. a JMC.`" in Guguletu, theWestern Soon Nyanga, theCape1. 0residents which0Khayelitsha was became inone Crossroads, learnedof the the focus first that Crossroads, KTC, Nyanga Bush, Nyanga Exten- ferenthaveNyangaa mini-JMC been times. Administration in Forevidencefor example,the areas, in Board various in was 1986 basedtownships the JMC atThe the handed atJMC Olddif- strategies to coopt township residents Offices.213 byCrossroadsimplementedsion staging and Portland toprotests. its Khayelitsha. plan Cement. to In remove the InMany ensuingMarch the residents residents conflict 1985 the State resisted of Old 18 theseandchildrenout foodthe actions. colouredin parcels Atlantis. andManagement They organised credited Committeesoccer the Labour tours Partywith for 214 In the SAP Station andpeoplemonthDevelopment homeless. were residence killed Board's and permits hundreds (WCDB) and werehelp promise leftwith injured finding of 18- 216 In response to the Western Cape sociation.Commander`who could It is calledget reported things a meeting rightthat he in said Heto formLit he Bay' had a civic andcontacts he as- had approximatelyabysmalemployment conditions if they 35.000 withinmoved squatters Crossroads `voluntarily', moved at the plus to time, Site the . theyR30duringments cooperated.215000 thiswhichamongst period. he couldthe community use in the community organisationsWe will if now turn to more specific develop- offerC.remainingBush, and andremained people.Portland where Over Cement217 they two were. daysrefused bands the of InBoard's aimed1986 the State managedRes to move most of the idents in Nyanga Extension, Nyanga tanceTheCapeResistance development in Town the Western and ofOrganisation Cape mass has mobilisation to be inseen Greater againstand resis- the wasDefencevigilantes,tersremoval described at ForceNyanga allegedlyever astroops seen. Bush,the with fastestTheyand Nyanga thepolice, attacked andaid Extension, ofcheapestcarried South resisting out African forced Portland what squat- ofly.background oneducation organisationIn organisations.this section ofstruggles theduring we political highlight thatand time thedevelopments influence3 - importantsquatter of stniggles,national- aspectsthe ANC ground:Li'lessbetweenCement and,their 60and 000 KTC.entire and During70settlements 000 people a period were were ofrazed lefttwo home-toMany days the welfare, political and other community organisationsthecommunitytogether early 1980s with organisations inunions(mostly Cape had Town affiliatedthat been washad at described.developedthe to forefront theIn UDF) These thefrom of previous the Case Study the vast network of organisationsganisationsCooper219interventionsquatter communities. describes werewhich work drawn were theInduring an activities intoinvolved. assessment the1985 crisesof Intheand of 1985 thefortyin 1986, thecrisis theor- tlesstruggles'State.mobilisation were werewaged of ofcommunities majorin squatter significance. in areas opposition such IntenseDuring as to Old bat-the this period from 1985 to 1988 `squatter tions.formedSquatterningfulfilling There theto Supportcoordinate 'relief various were centres', a Group functions.wide activities range providingAd TheseofHoc of these organisations Committee legalincluded organisa- services run- 104.1,55 Theand crisis fmancialorganisational raised aid, a numberand questions. providing of important These political included politicaleducation. con- bansevereANC by proceedingleader police Nelson action. with Mandela.224 theWithin march three People which days defied led of to the control.lightedcerns1988 about when,issues the politics accordingof accountability, of relief to the work State, powerwhichConflict 'faction- high- and within KTC reemerged 220in January turemembersandaborted more(DEC) march ofthan and the approximately 150 thesecurity policewere forces."'injurrA were 31 unable people including to hadWhen end diednine the the Department of Education and Cul- chescommissionandwerefighting' 3 and killed,000 brokecommunitx people of400 outworkers, shacksleft in KTC.organisationshomeless. representativeswere Within razed A jointawas weekto theestablishedmonitoringfrom 6 ground people chur- extentschoolsviolenceand1985.226 membersthat inand the Thetheythe Western class closure ofentered the boycotts Cape broaderinfuriated school onthe communitythe DEC premisesparents, 6 Septemberclosed teachers andto465 the townshipbuthadto werehalt thebeen the involvedconflict reduced basedcivil war.`21 organisationshasin considerably the had fighting.Clashes implications whoseby betweenOne June of membership offorthe the that importantcertain people year, TeachersdemandedandConcernedretaliated several Union bythe teachersparent-teacher-studentarresting opening(WECTU) severalformed of on the 29 parents theschools. September Western associationsand Police teachers. 1985 Cape andturesintegrateissues rural of that people thecontexts the different coming conflict so thatorganisational from highlighted they the can traditionally work forms was together. Another andhow urban cul- to important site of struggle since 1985 issues.crisissaw(PTSAs) their in thewere role schools alsoas addressing formed. and longer The both new term the organisations educationalimmediateOn 26 October the government227 declared a State thecalledwasJune36 State the magisterial by1986. educationalof student Emergency Boycotts districtsorganisations arena. started which around Class athad severalin beenthe protestboycotts country declaredschools, against were on incol- 10 of ingsthecoveredEmergency Boland.228 were the banned, wholein Undereight ofpolice magisterial thethe WesternState detained of districtsEmergency Cape approximately and which part meet- of onfiredpoliceleges the on andresponded streets. boycotting universities Many violently students students on as23 in they.sjambokked Julyschool were 1985.222 anestedgrounds Theand inseveralpoliceFinal400 the people, matriculationexaminations.229 guard. teachers and In andseveralprotest examinations students activistsagainst refused thesewent took to intoconditions,place participate hiding. under 56 dentsmunityPrisonlateddetained.223 whento by organisations,deliver leading u On athe politicalmessage 29 Augustreligious figures, of support 1985 leaders leaders violence to the andof jailedcom- stu- State banned a march to Pollsmoor esca- Theremanydetainees areaswere1 0 ofalsoon Cape hunger solidarity Town strikes heldfasts at candlelight inPollsmoor sympathyIn vigils.Prison."' Inresponse with March to 1986 State repressionthe 'education residents crisis' in conferencethroughout ofthe anti-apartheid country was theorganisations subject of ain major Dur- Februarystudents res.rictions as they entered on organisations, school grounds, including and the actionfonned.Nationaltionban.23' for for It EducationPeople'sEducation a wide range Power' Crisishad becomeof Committee studerti,,teacher,was adopted a major (NECC) focusand com- wasthe of was here that the slogan `People's Educa- oppositiontheamongstyearslighted NECC.23s the the to processthe need apartheidThe CTPA foractions of `unityunity andeducation. at amongsttalks'the schoolsnewer has In teachers beenthe haveprogressive last underway high- in two their townshipi.e.threemunity the major Joint and schools; school workerSRC's student which theorganisations.'` Athlone represented coordinating Student the structures In AfricanAction early 1986 in the Cape Town area there were demonstratedlocally.beenteacher the organisations. increased Allegiance openly status tothrough, and the activity ANC for of hasexample, theAnother beenANC important political development has NortherningpoliticalCommitteeBonteheuwel, student stance; Suburbs. (ASAC)action and Manenberg, By committeesa looserwhich the end alliancehad ofMitchells ina1986, `non-aligned'areas of UDF-lean- according suchPlain asand coveredmilitarydisplayed.havefunerals been andcellsof made Inactivists activists, inaddition, theand Western at whereallegedly which since ANC Cape pro-ANC1986 involved flags have certain have inbeenspeeches guerilla ANC beendis- NECC(WECSCO),underto 1987.Bloch, theoccured In the AprilWestern which student under1987 was Capegroupings the semi-clandestineformally launch Student launched agreedof Western Congress to condi-in unify May Cape guerillasandblastsExamplesattacks at ata have NewlandsMowbray were of been the killed arrestedguerillabuspolice stop.237by station, policeand activity brought Seven D.F.Malanin aare shoot-outalleged to the tria1.236 airportbomb ANC in particulartions.2"andracial' defence school issues of sportssuch Mr Carelse, as at oppositionLanga the High principal to inthe earlyStruggles `multi- of Glen-1987 in schools have continued around GuguletuorganisationsThereported effects on to 3 have March of attendedrepression 1986 and their 30 on funeral.'38000 community geople were events,centrallydaleLangaannual in theMitchells HighcoordinatedWinter `hands and School, offPlain. the ourinitiatives 3 days Theretheschools campaign of havesuch protest campaign',t.he asalso toculturalaction re-openbeen on someoperate.communityisThe the most ofhigh theIn marked levelsthis affects organisations last offeature that section,State the ofrepression repressive havethethe periodaim been isunder climate 1985-1988 toforced identify which has to lOb teachers,dentstudent9025-27 schools.234 and July grievances student teacher 1988 This which detentions, organisations, around latter involved action the systems harassment120 brought suspension COO of checks topupils ofa head stu- on ofat organisations.tivistshadthemselves on that community the StatesinSome a stateorganisational oforganisations Emergency of disarray. practices.239 haveinitially With weakened Theremany found iskey broad acknowledgement among ac- ganisationsactivists incarcerated were reluctantunable and to 'in to meet. hiding'call meetings several and or- 741) Many or- certaininvolved organisations in various forms has ofbeen community the increased work.Another em- change in activity or in priority of manypoliticalforcedbera temporary membersof organisations. to activities. discontinue suspension were reluctant This Several theirof is activities toevident more attend.organisations overtly withinin This the lednotable apublic num-were to peopletionearlier,growingphasis of on thereworkworking prominencea 'post- has in policy been apartheid'in both moreof formulation. the service Southinterest ANC, Africa. organisations, inas Many andmentioned With promo- more the decreaseadmittedprofiletheand periodcampaigns politicalin thatthe from numberrepression activitiessince 1980 lateof to weremasshad 1985.1985 made curtailedmeetings, by Even comparisonit difficult theas ralliesactivists lower- for to projectsturegaginguniversities possibilities in g .wedresearch and towards mass-based for and South discussionsfuture Africa organisations policy.243 and around in researchAn arethe additional en-fu- strategy has been to call con- hadthemtivepublic prevented to strategies. hold activities house organisations they meetings.241 were forced from Since to engaging seek repression Inalterna- many in instances, organisations have had to formbannedalive.tionsferences a'for Some 1or and issuesprominent restricted meetings organisations to be peoplehave addressed.of a hadwide in who orderto range provide Forhave to ofexample,keep notorganisa- the issuesbeen plat- a clandestineinlearn Examplesganisationsthe to shadows' operate manner of successfulhavemore is ofa discreetly.descriptionbeenoperation semi-clandestine compelled whichLearning for theseveral to tosemi- adopt. opera-'live or- organisations.'"organisednumberrepressive of inuniversity-based closeState consultationactions throughconferences with the activists courtshaveOrganisations been andmore have also begun to challenge techniquesthereSouthtionsUDF is areAfrican Women'sa confidencethe of secret,launches Youth Congress. underground Congressthat of they organisationsAmongst have(SAYCO) work.242 masteredcertain suchand activists the as regularly.meetinganagainstwere interdict prevented the proceededFor 1988was example, sought fromOctober the staging followingfromMOYCO elections. the a meetingSupreme week.245 and However, GAYCO inCourt protest after the organisationsandpoliticalwhich because natureto work. ofhave havethe Asdeveloped socio- become mentioned economic virtually new previously, 'spaces' conditions,impossible,Because within these activities and campaigns of an overt positivemunityshipgiven withinorganisations andrise negativeto organisations. the formation inways. a number It Onof has new the ofon different,layersotherthe one The hand,of hand, leader-both detention new of leadership has affected com- 58 1 0 / tions,socialofinclude professions, asservices. cultural compared incomework Thus to and athegeneration wider work early rangewithin 1980s, and of aprovision wide hasorganisa- beconro range of ci challengesandhasleadership led between to a has hasbreak-down organisations.' oftenbeen beenthe inestablishment inexperienced, communication One of andthe and withinmajormain- this beenleadershipdergroundtenance easy. of andleadership,communication the larger the membership. remaining channels above-ground between ThisThe has repressive un- not context has made participatory extra-parliamentary;sophisficatedactivists.alsogrown been in severeWhile stature. strategies repressionthere While tohave many contain of been communityorganisations opposition, increasingly and and thetrade apartheid forces have decisionsdemocraticwithinhasStudy forced Oneorganisations. on practices veryleaders behalf difficult orthatof This executivethe wereto has largerimplement. describedled members tomembership a further Repression in Caseto con-take pressurethanorganisationswithunion manyorganisations organisations ofat times thehave State barely proliferated.bucklinghave itbeen able appears and batteredto In survive,folding late that by1988, otherundertheythe ratherState, new arethe wasconditions.ticestestation closely within over linked organisations the meaning to participatory of under 'democratic' thedemocratic presentIn contrastprac- to the early 1980s, when education morereemergingandfuture. determined political stronger, conditions,to achieve more tenacious, a nonracialwhich areresilient democratic shapedThe andpresent by complex set of socio-economic practicesandtionstrainingprotests, development has and of thebecome membersmass promotion actionincreasingly in withinorganisational ofsuch internal community as important. campaigns education and organisa- manage-Training and and haveregional,toforable use createdorganisations to it nationaloperate most the effectively.249 space today. and to understandinternational in It which is and As organisations hasthis Hobsbawmdevelopments been space' important in are ordersaid: menttantandcours?.snoticeableand skills universitiesrole other and inhave providing programmes.`41community trendbeen have emphasised hasplayed such been organisations. training an Service increasinglythe in developmenttoseveral organisations mass-based A impor-new further of werethe'If we conditions or are ought to change to of be.'250 our the struggle world, we are, must not know what whatthey allonger ganisationalmoreworkshops.248courses term established rather theoretically woik. than Nonformal as shorter an more important education adrigorous hoc educationalaspect education- has become of or- TheINoftions.cal CONCLUSION period mobilisation set While of from circumstances there 1985 of haveanti-apartheid to 1988 been for hascommunity unprecedented seen forces, a paradox:- organisa-there levels has 1 o 59 YEARS TOTAL CIVIC GOMMUNITY CULTURAL EDUCATION POLITICAL STUDENT WOMEN 1859-1956 9 WORK 2 RESOURCE[INFORMATION AND RESEARCH 16 2 AND YOUTH 2 7 1957-1963 1117 2 11 2 2 1970-19751964-1969 39 1 12 2 169 2 52 1 1980-19821976-1979 6947 61 4 1 59 4325 21 74 53 1983-1984 39 1 7 1 19 4 7 1 19861985 3459 3 1 2 3817 63 134 4 1987 27 1 2 17 3 31 1 Unknown1988 2621 2 3 147 10 1 4 3 60 CIVIC PRELIMINARY1 NOTES civicCivic issuesassociations such as are rents, established evictions, to deal bus withfare 7 civics.haveData adversely on the affectedaffiliation the andactivities disaffiliation of several of ORGANISATIONS thoseTIVITIESmembership.increasespaigned issues and columnwhicl. aroundThereforeother are welocal which havein under mattersaddition givencivics the affecting examplesMAINto have their cam- AC-their usual of civicsgivenchange from here periodically couldthe umbrella soon therefore become structures theoutdated. information does 2 TownThreehavefiliated.activities. tofederal notplaced which There listed civic certainarethem the alsostructures affiliates undercivic independent bodies their exist seperately, have'umbrellaincivics, Cape af- Webut 3 theThebodies'.impressionfiliates. federal year of This structuresestablishment as issome inclined of not the has theto civics give beenindividual arean given knownincorrect foraf- to 4 ThewasDetailedhave not databeen obtained. information presentedestablished here ason far the reveals back individual as a the dramatic 1940s. civics mittee,tions,Inincrease In1979 1980 a traditional laterthe in the civicFederation to Cape become activity ally Areas of of affiliated thefromCape Housing NEUM, theCivic to lateAction the wasAssocia- 1970s. UDF, born. Com- 5 4 newsincetownships,sociation,was established.civic 1985. organisationswhich was established The serves Western civicshave in 1982.Capebeen in the Civicformed African As- 1 1 6 civics.doesOne ofnot Wethe reflect knowlimitations current that the levelsof statesthe ofsurvey activityof emergency is withinthat it 61 AssociationSchotschekloofNAME OF ORGANISATION Civic 1972-LIFESPAN greaterTo beAIMS a strugglepart of theand the Liberation throughFought againstBo-KaapMAIN planned runningACTIVITIES freewaythrough CAPE124 TOWN ChurchCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Street MovementchangeTo struggle for complete and total DemandResaleFoughtMuslim rentforofcemetery house civicincrease tohall, the swimmingpeople 8001 Federation of Cape Civic 1979- To struggleco-ordinate to achieveand strengthen proper andthe effec- poolmaintenance,Campaign - housing, anti-Si'CC rent, rates, ATHLONEP.O. Box 185 Associations andontive thean local equitablebasis authority of annon unsegregated diserminatoryrepresentation roll councilproposals,Busfare protestprotest, Presidents constitutional 7764 associationsestablish,evaluation uniteand rating, and strengthen also to civic Disorderly(DBAC) Bill Action Committee ofAffiliates of the Federation Cape Civic Associations DistrictVanguardKraaifontein, Civic, GleemoorBelmontAthlone ParkCivic,Cape Civic,Flats Worcester Civic,Wynberg Civic, Reideveld Civic, Matroosfontein Elsies Civic, River CivicCivic, Lansdowne Civic, Modderdam Civic, Kuilsriver, Heathfield and ActionCape (CAHAC1Areas Committee Housing 1980- theseof7o communityassist are non-existentwith organisations the establishment and towhere ElectricityBusfareRents campaign increases campaign campaign 7oorganisationsstrengthen act as an all inter-community community AntiHousingcampaign Constitutional deal protest Proposals P.O. Box 42 To Toforforumact strive communitiesas a referencetowards unified centre action Ph:7925SALT 47 RIVER 5657 Toaffectingon workhousing toward communities and co-ordinatingrelated issues the 62 Affilinvs of the Cape activitiesCombined Lentegeurof all the a,v; areas Beacon valley Resident!: Annoclat ion (COLHRA); Bellville South Houxing Action NAMEAreas CommitteeOF ORGANISATION Housing Action Llf ESPAN AIMSCOmmitteef Hanover Park Civic Association; KensEngton-Factreton Ratepayers Association; MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACMADDRESSES - CivicRatepayersBelharGrassy Association; ParkCivic Association; Residents Association; Elsies Association; River,Woodlands Houtbay Ravensmead Residents ActionRocklands Committee; Lavender Hill ResidentsAssociation; Association;Ratepayers Surrey Estate Association; Civic Association; Steenberg Residents WestridgeAssociation; Electricity Petition 1980- To Paarlhave theHuurders City Councilvereeniging; change Silvertown the SurveyResidents to findAssooiation; out how muchValhalla profit Park and Uitsig Civic Association; Manenberg Tenants Association Civic Association; MitchellsCommittee(EPC) Plain of 1983 affordelectricity7[11 toof paythe account month whendue datepeople to the can CampaignaccountCity Council penaltiesdemanding makes changein electricity of due date committee)Umbrella(CAHAC Rentalsgrew out Committeeof this 1980 rentsTo fight the problem of increased MeatRent boycott boycottincrease ResidentsSilvertown,Bokmakierie, Assos'atin Kewtown BrAgetown, 1981- developmentTo tions,strive increasedfor of better the areafacilities living in thecondi- and the DelegationmaintenanceProtest rent tocosts City inceases Council and - re 1983)(Disaff)liated(BBSK) from Canac problemsTo interestinvestigate of ofresidents allcomplaints residents related and to Workshopselectricity on tenants problems (Defanct) residentsToresolvecommunity work themtowards overissues the greater and running to controlattempt of the byto andDivisionalrepresentationarea any including other Jnd issueonProvincialthe the rightaffecting Municipal, tocouncils direct To residentsbuild unity deemed by breaking necessary down by thethe 1,,r) affectingTobarriers stand residents togetherthat separate on all residents issuer AssociationsWestern Capo Civic t 1981- eommunityTo see to the welfare of inn AbolitionFight for ofleasehold coloured rights labour BEST COPY' AVAILPLE MANENBERGP.O. Sox 153 NAME OP ORGANISATION LFESPAN To fight the injustices and malprac- AIMS preference policy MAIN ACTIVTTES 7767 CONTACTS/ADDRESSES tices of the local authorities Fight against puppetbusfares organisations Fight(community against evictions councils) FightBoardresidents against by the the harassment Administration of (taken to court on a number Affiliates Langa Civic, Guguletu Civic, Nyanya Civic, Mbekweni Civic, Khayelitsha Residents' Organisation. of occasions) Woodstock Caltriver 1982- To work for the attainment of the fa.:11'..ies in the SilvertreePine Street Creche Evictions AssociationWeimer E4:ate Residents bes:toTothree achieveunify areas and effective strengthen municipal the struggle repre- discussionsandTosentation furtherdemocratic on theand a Southstruggledemocraticor lectures Africa for basis onbya non-racialthe Enhanceof3oc1al, our timethepolitical struggle and for cultural a full, issues free Bishop Levis Action and tniform education system in SA Campaign for electricity CahacCommittee(Disaffiliated 1983) from AssociationCape Muslim Vigilance BEST COPY AVAILABLE 64 Co-ordinatingElsies River Committee 1985- communityTo struggleco-ordinate organisations of '85the activities set up ofduring the Bo-KaapNAMEOFORGANISATION 1986-IFESPAN AnAIMS alliance of 15 community delegationsMedia,MAIN rallies, ACTIVITES etc. house visits CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Action(BO-KAG) Group organisationshousinginthe Bo-Kaap building needs whichset ofof up high-costthedoes to area fightnot andmeethousing whieh the PRELIMINARY NOTES functions have increasingly become part of ORGANISATIONS COMMUNITY WORK 1 workers'changeinareThe social independently organisations programmes have welfare been funded listed typeemployed. for activitieshere whichand areeither 'communitythose or involved social which income-generationganisationsotherwork.response organisations. tohave the initiated growing Particularly projects social poverty, as since part service 1985,ofmany their and in or- 2 byWorkcountriesbecameCommunity developments in Cape popularin the work Town 1960s in in Britainas wasthe anda form Westernstrongly and1970s. ofNorth socialCommunity influenced capitalist America. work 3 duringmunitysawcamereligiousIn aCape dramaticthis workout Towntime,groups of agencies. therise ninethe and BCM. periodinof one thewhich Eleven collection Privatenumberfrom were 1970were enterpriselinkedof toprojectscom-born 1975 to agenciespartBuildFoundationfunded of a the theBetter were 1970s establishmentfor established. SocialSociety three Development more (BABS). ofIt wouldtwocommunity agencies In appear(FSD) the latterwork thatandi.e. bodies,tivity.moremunityin workthe appropriate lateThere fororganisation also 1970s example, was seemed community aforms dynamic fromcame to of 1979.become tooppositional actiungrowth be Community adopted and moreof com-civic ac- as in- 4 Theorganisationsworkers'.farestitutionalised survey organisations shows havein that the been 3lateappointing new 1970sformed community with in'community thesome work1980s. wel- 66 1 2 contrastganisationsWhile few to thehavespecific 1970s, been 'community formedthe community in the work' 1980s work or- in I S:il 0 (i NALEOFORGANSANKM4 ISESPAN AIMS Cape Town City Mission 1902- OrganisationEvangelical, Protestant Missionary ReliefEvangelistic, WorkMAIN ACTIVES teaching, counselling 7740CLAREINCHP.O. BoxOONTACTSMOMESSES 2114 TOCH H 1925- reachedTo friendshiphelp byindividuals other especially welfare who needpeopleorganisations help not and makingTalkingVisiting them to the deprivedsee elderly that peopletheyand theare and lonely 7800PLUMSTEAD21 Brampton Road Tostandingguidedand draw in bydoingbridges others' any sosituation between encouragepoints theofin them viewunder-different to be ChildcareInitiatedneeded and Citizen's centrewanted in AdviceHanover Bureau Park Quaker Service 1961- Promotionexisting groups of community inspired Preschool Care Project whoAlleviateself-help are referred groupsthe plight by social of the workers, destitute Educationaletc.)Self Help Projects (tertiary) (sewing when groupsfinance MOWBRAYMrsRyeQuaker Cheryl Road House Barratt (Sec.) whocommunity have investigated workers and theorganisations case ChildNutritionsallows Care (Educare)Projects (preschools) 7700 ofChristian South(Banned) Africa Institute 19771963- abasisUniting living and Christiansforce making Christianity on an individual more of RegularschoolsSeminars/winter, Newsletter summer, open TeachingrelianceLiteracySeeking of social toandskills motivate service justice communitiesprojects of PublicationsSurveysCentral intolibrary labour conditions Catholic Welfare Bureau 1970- To Bursariesbuild up poorand schoolcommunities equipment and to (CWB) workcauses towards of povertythe eradication of the OldCape Age (co-operative)KnittingCredit Homes Union and SpinningLeague 8000CAPE37A TOWN Somerset Road Diakonale Dienste 1.62';) 1970- careThe spiritual and uplifting social of and underprivileged economical doingChild caseand familygroup andlife comunity social workwork - PrivateRev. S.G. Bag Pick 1 .11 ot, 0 67 NAME OF ORGANISATION IFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES adultscoloured inworking families,need ofarea care children in their and 4 children's21 specialrehabilitation homes, schoolsinstitutional centreand work 7500BELHAR Black Community 1972- To help the black community become mothers1 centreYouth programmefor unmarried pregnant Programmes(Banned) 1977 awareitselfsense of ofits its own own identity, powers andcreate organise a MarketHealthLiteracy handicraft centres programme good Build(BABS) A Better Society 1973- To andthroughestablish efforts the self-help communities programmes own initiative Youth club SeniorEducare citizens Centre club ATHLONEP.O.7764 Box 271 participationTo promote community through involvementthe encourage- and ArtEducationRousing classes advice andprogrammes instruction - study AsterPegarus Road Centre prcjectsmenttheTo of developutilization self-help human programmesof potential resources andthrough careerskills, development accounting programmescourse, KEWTOWN andTo andTo actresources promote developmentas a catalyst and organiseprogrammes between preventative communitythrough educationstructuraltheTo acknowledge,consciousness programmes non-formal promote and training human and awarenessstimulate and areaofTo peoplelifeincrease of operationof every the qualityindividual and instandard the Community Action Trust 19761973- natureTry and affecting relate issues black ofcommunities a politicaf Bus faresfare Actionprotest Committee MuslimMr Achmat Assembly Davids 68 Open Door 1 2 7 1973- Project of the Churches Urban Resturaunt 1 r NEWFIELDS NAME OF ORGANtSATION LFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES 1984 racesprovidingMission could in sita Claremontplace and havewhere aimed a peoplemeal at at of all KupuganiLiteracyOverSewing 60's classesshop classesclub Churches Urban Planning 1974- developmentTo lowprovide prices trainingwork in community Workshops/seminarsTraining courses 41Community Salt River House Road Commission industrialTo do community mission work of asthe urban main and Ph:7925SALT 47 RIVER 1477/8 Compassion 1974- Toparticipating promote self-help churchvs amongst the DemonstrationsSell wonderboxes - use of wonderbox RONDEBOSCHBarnard St prOmotingWonderboxmaking,underprivileged selling theand useWonderoven andthrough of usesoya ofteaching andbeans the the wonderoven and soya beans 7700 ClosedIeritas 19831974- ofTo homelesstheassist Western the and underprivileged Cape,inadequately particularly housed, people the by squatterLiaison withareas leadership in the affecteddents'encouraging committees areas the formation in the various of resi- ContactMeatProviding and with busresources legalboycotts groups betweenFacilitatingInitiating, the people communication facilitating and the andauthorities supportingliaison Assistingunemploymentleadership,services people pojectsorganisation towardsin the developmentself-sufficiency and community of Westernfor(FCW) Community Cape Foundation Work 1974- forprovisionPromotion disadvantaged of pre-school and deprived services personnelTrainingPre-school programme education of pre-school programmes P.O.PH:Beulah 637Box Fredericks 9148/63789 9153 atEncouragescommunities all levels involvement of the organisation of parents FinanceResearchLibrary CRAWFORDEarly Learning Centre EducareTraining personnel of para-professional KEWTOWNSpringbok Street ft-j 69 NNE OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN DevelopmentAIMS of leadership skills MAIN ACTIVIT ES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES andeducationinnovativeEncourages self-help themodelsprogrammes development in early ofchildhood forFCWtoTraining stimulateallbelieves children of financialinsound equalin financiala non-racialopportunitiesadministracion control Foundation for Social 1975- Todemocratic provide communitysociety education that Neigbourhood Learning Centre P.O. Box 186 Development(FSD) confidenceindividualwill increase and people'scollectiveself-esteem sense ability, of AdultYouthwhich hasEducationprogrammes an Educare and Centre,Non-formal ELSIES RIVER self-generatingself-helpprogrammesTo encourage and which participationwhich are can geared be intowards Islamic Council of SA 1975- sationsTo amalgamate and be alltheir Muslim sole organi-spokesman Social-educationalLegal Committee committee Muirc/o Shayk Street Abu Mosque Baw Najaar withtheirTo formulate, Islam interest directin accordance and promote PublishSeminars 'Islamic'The and Muslimconferences council Statesman' of South 8001CAPE TOWN Jaame Association 1976- To foster and implement Islamic GivesAfrica financial News letter' assistance to Masjid Salaam existingTowitheconomic provide the financialOuranprinciples a viable and institutions Sunnahalternativein accordance whichto schemesCreatestionsrehabilitation medical andaid welfareand pension institu- ATHLONESt 7764Athens Road Tooperate interest-freestrive on for an theinterest society creation free of basis an Publishes 'Jaame Review' MontaguGemeenskapdiens(MAG) en Ashton 13 t 1976- whichAs thean affirmsecumenicalMAG will the work Christianhumanity together ofgroup, withall, the ofActivities: fromprojects child andIt and runsprogrammes family e wide care rangingrange to 13 2 Ph:MONTAGU18 Buitenkant 0234 4-1175 Street NAME OF ORGANISATION UFESPAN AIMSpoliticalcultural,community fordevelopmentsocial, its spiritual,economic and tocommunity co-operativesMAIN groups ACTIVES to feeding schemes RegionalCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Office 02340234 4-2619 5-1800 achievetrainingThrough better aand process organization control of concentration, over people their will South African National 1977- Tolives propogate and their the communityconcept of Zakaat Collecting of the Zakaat and CornflourBridgetown RoadMosque Zakaat Fund Todevelopmentplays (annualcreate in the Islamic2% of spiritualtax) the awareness andcommunity theand role temperalaccording it projectsSadaqahfitrah,Establish such seminars home as legalindustries and advicecommunity operation 7764BRIDGETOWN SadacjahToto thecollect Islamic (charity) and lawdistribute according Zakaat to and labourcentres, bureaux medical and aid day clinics, care centres Islamic Da'wah Movement 1978- To Islamicpropagateestablish law Islam amongas a waythe ofnon- life Missionarycations relatedactivities to itsand spherepubli- RoomRaymo 6 Building groupsMuslims especially the indigenous CnrRYLANDSRoads Ruth & Klipfontein Woodstock Advice Office 1982- o establish and maintain a community Giving advice Amy7764 Thornton based progressive advice office ParticipatingorganisationsLiaising with incommunity the Advice Office 7925SALT/RIVERP.O. Box 115 New World roundatln 1984- operatingA community in developmentLavender Hill, organisation ForumCommunityChildcare andeducation educare and training PH:Sue 47 Anderson8112 TheareasVrygrond ethos andbehind the theimmediate operation surrounding of the GardeningCommunityLeadership development and youth leadership P.O.Ph:STEENBERG 72Box 4885 290 1 '3 c o donepeopleNWF isby canthatthe onlypeoplethe takedevelopment in placethe communities if of it the is AdviceSkillsIncome Officetrnining generation and cooperative Grir7947 al Avenue 1 3 71 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN MASThisthemselves development is based on an CommunitySocial and MAINkitchen community ACTMTIES work LAVENDERCONTACTS/ADDRESSES HILL oppressededucationalin the liberationaimed process, at the ofresulting transformationthe poor and mationof liberation,Itthe is societythat through development education these processes alsoand transfor- becomes of a inKingdomconcrete a very of sign authenticGod ofin thethis and coming world humane ofof waytheours Programmeself-helpMasizakhe Development 1986- practicalToamongst encouragecreate under projectsa sensethe privileged development of self communities reliance of SkillsCo-operatives training P.O.LANSDOWNE Box 11 PREUMINARY NOTES ORGANISATIONS CULTURAL 1 Thedrama,are cultural mostly music, organisations those writing which orwhich focuspoetry are both listedand broaderon here art, ingtionsof ganisation'culturalthe in which anstates overtly work'have ofunder emergency. political beenas repression. a vehicleprevented Several for from sustaining organisa- organis- or- have developed 2 socialItandthecluded is arts paintinginterestingand allfor political the their groups. organisations to own noteissues. sake, the We for which haveexample, not balletin- upsurge of interest engag- in 5 TheFestival',given increased1986. rise Forwhich to momentum numerousexample, was scheduled of cultural a cultural `People's for events work December Cultural hassince munityAfricanberThisin cultural of period cultural Artstownships. organisations saw Project, organisations a sizeable These Sisonke between increase included partcularly Cultural 1976 in the theto Move- inCom- 1979.num- the Thereminute,heldfrom1986 was ininlocal mobilised HollandCape also cultural Towna cultural 1987 widespread workers and in wasfestival which inbanned participation its severalwhich preparation. at the wasSouth last ment,andRavensmeadAssociation, ZolaniSea View Drama YouthNtsikana, Cultural Library Group, Nyanga Society.Action Abantu Arts Committee, We Centre,Arts can 6 Southonspaces'TheAfrican the search Africa development asartists well for have participated. assafe localthus and of provided andthe legal internationalrole 'organisational theof culturecontext foci in 3 organisationsBetweensomeBCMreasonably of played these 1980 assume organisations. some wereand 1985 thatpartformed. thetwelvein theinfltrence Seven formation new of cultural of these the of WorkerswhichCOSATUWriters organisations Congress, and have cultural been Congret desks formedsuch sw asof and;thin Souththe shaped. theCultural African UDF Since and couldtheorganised'Culturewere organisationshave formed and beenin Resistance'from influenced formed 1983 in during July and festivalby the1982.their this important which formationtimeCertain stress was of 7 A beenmajorsports'people's1986 the development thearenacentre culture'interpretation with of much theandhas establishment debate.occured`cultural of concepts within worker' of suchthe have Na- as 4 organisationsBetweenthefor link the between continued1985 have and cultural beenproliferation1988 andformed. eight political new ofThe cultural culturalactivity. reason or- calwithinAfricantional1988. role, Sports SACOS theCouncilFormed NSC Council to onisinitiallychallenge currently Sport (NSC) as(SACOS) thewithin aconsidering pressurelatter's the during politi-South group the gainedownongoingganisaitons right. impetus exploration hasOn to underthe do other, with, theof 'culturalrepressive on cultural the one work' conditionswork hand, in has theits pendentablishment of theof a SACOS sports coordinating structure. body inde- 13 73 SocietyHanoverNAME OF ORGANISATIONPark Drama LFESPAN1973- AIMS ProductMAIN ACTIVITIES sf 'valet hurts me CONTACTSIADDRESSES Oavane Family Music 1974- To share music talents with others broadcastingMusic, coffee bar, tours, GUGULETUNy 1,9 no.7750 9 Community(CAP) Arts Project 1977- ourCommitted society to into the onetransformation which is more of ClassesArts Workshops in different activities RONDEBOSCHP.O. Box 168 theisjust; aspirations distributed where the and more wealth interests fairly of our andof countrythewhere MediaFull-timeCommunity training Artstheatre programme 7900 structurescalmajority economic, are of reflectedoursocial society and in educational the politi- CommunityCourse theatre 41Community Salt River House Road mustinCommitted inpursueterms our of countryandto its thepractice own struggleand structures believes democracy for democracythatand it Ph:7925SALT 47 RIVER 8640 asmetersmethods a non-formal of of its operation organisational education within and the definitiontraining para- Woodstock8001106 Chapel Street Committedformsinstitution of to education forging in the andartsand practicingtraining in Ph: 45 3689/45 3648 thosethe qualityarts who whichhave of beenlifewill disadvantagedofempower particularly and raise and practicecommitteddisempowered of to progressive theunder development the presentforms andof order educationself-confidence,that will and encourage training discipline, participation,in the arts a sense 74 1 3 of Locatescriticalresponsibility, itselfconsciousness within commitmeut and will and seek 1 4 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN to AIMSbuild relationships and cooperate MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES CAPirrespectivewith believes the broad thatof democraticideological its educational movement tendency aims position.ofand servedprogressive its commitment byWhile adopting cultureCAP tostaff a the willnon-secretarian anddevelopment be trainees best maylikeorganisations be involvedother education inthey whatever choose and training politicalto, CAP - andCommittedinstitutionssuch dissemination as tosharing, the- will pursuit,of democracy, remainprogressive development non-aligned community, values Rejectslikerespect forracism differinghuman in lifeall views itsand forms dignity,and theand andbelieves policies,correct that discrimination in its work, structuresin terms of it must seek to counter Rejectsbackground"race", sexismlanguage in andall culturalits forms and andanabelieves correctpolicies, that discrimination itin estits seekwork, toonstructures counte.the art,mentcommittedbasis ofnew of new methods sexto aesthetics the ofpursuit creating - newand formsanidevelop- of waysaestheticcritiquingdisseminating of facilitating tastes and art, evaluating and new educationvalues, models art, andtor andnew new 1 4 thetraininginherent values, in inideasthe our arts andcommitment -beliefs which reflectto and 75 NAME OF ORGANISATION UFESPAN viewAIMS of a new, more just order MAIN AMMTIES CONTACTWORESSES Sisonke Cultural Movement 19791978- blackTo self-prideconserve, culture promoteandand improvethereby and developtheawaken quality of MusicWriter's workshops workshops 1978- To lifekeep ofstudents black peopleaway from the Music, drama, films NY 101, no. 40 Zolani Drama Group dramaTostreets promote the standard of music and GUGULETU7750 Abantu Arts Association 1979- To visualofpromote indigenous art the and performance culturalother arts arts andof includingwhateverlove CulturalWorkshopsArts festival and Educational lectures Ntsikana 1979- natureTo share among skills t spiritually and e people Xylophone, marimba and drum playing GUGULETUNY 103 no. 69 musically DramaTribal dancing Nyanga7750 Art Centre Nyanga Art Centre 1979- livingmembersTo provide in of the artthe Cape facilitiescommunity Peninsula offor people all ClassesMusicYoungPaintings AdultWorkshops in differentDrama activities NYANGACnr Qumbu and Cala Rds The Peoples Space 1979- To enhance the involvement of the SewingSelf-helpPerforming co-operative relevant drama 1983 lo.teachToblack encourage community drama blacks in the to communities use the Space CreatingHoldingnon-local Workshops space plays for local and Rayensmead Youth 1979- To formationencourage ofart workshops through theand to cater Children'sDebating society drama 76 CommitteeLibrary(Rylac1 Action 14o for the cultural needsBEST of the YouthCOPY AVAILABLE ModernPeople'sCreative Jazz theatredance movement 14 4 SocietySeaNAME View OF Cultural ORGANISATION 1979-LFESPAN1980 AIMSTo culturallet children activities participate in ModernPaintingBallet JazzMAIN classes ACTIVITESclasses CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Black Literature and 1980- To publish the cultural work of Drama and leatherwork classes C/oJames S & SMathews Printers Arts Congress culturaloppressed workers and exploited black AthloneBelgravia7764 Road Film Education Unit 1980- forTo organiseusethe filmmonth thefor of CapeeducationApril Town each Festival year CapeRestrospectivesfestival Town international on the film work of PH:Film 23 Education 8257 Unit visitingGreekthroughoutAssorted filmfilm film theweekmakers programmesyear, e.g. spread PromotingTrainingResource workshopsindigenous centre in cinema film making Ocean View Pen Circle 1980- To promote writing CulturalTeachingWriting andofafternoon artreading poetry BOUTC/o P.O.BAY Box 116 Nobuntu Music Group 1981- To sharepromote music a high skills standard with othersof music weddingMusic, coffeesongs bars, luncheons NY 7750GUGULETU103 no 57 Bishop Levis Cultural 2982- To cater for the cultural needs of writtenArt, music, works dancing, drama and MATROOSIONTEINP.O. Box 67 Society Tothe talents bringhelppeople developto the the people peoplethe skills have not alienand 7490 Loyiso Music Group 1 401983- To andculture,promote with thebutwhich stardardthat they which can of isidentifymusic relevant Plays, music, concerts and NY 3 no 13 1 LI b 77 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS broadcastingMAIN ACTIVITIES 7750GUGULETUCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Teenage Harmonies 1983- To topromote keep membersthe standard away fromof musicthe street and Music,broadcasting films, tours and 7750GUGULETUNY 78 no. 27 Thembaletu Drama Group 1983- To entertain and care for the elderly visitingMusic, films, the elderlyjumble sai.esand GUGULETUN.Y. 105 Givingcleaningclothes out their food places parcels and 7750 Cultural Action Group 1984 To culturalco-operativedevelop andactivities supportand non-exploitative democratic, MediaEducationallectures programmes discussions and Tobetweenvarious undertakebridge specialisationscultural the such divisions productionactivities -including between andas arestudy that Political education decisionsToincidental strive madefor or consensusconducivein the organisation into allthe above Drama Outreach Project 1 984- Tovehicle useencourage drama asgroups a or Individuals to elf-awareness withGoing them out to groups and working VREDEHOEK4 Virginia Avenue encourageTouse worktheir with themstrengths the to handicappeduse to their create strengths and theirHelping work playwrights to develop 8001 talentsToto riepthe bestamateurs of their to build abilities their Lingelihie Drama Group 1984- streetsTo keep andstudents to promote away fromthe standardthe Music, films, drama LANGA41 Washington Avenue 78 Vakalisa 14'i 1984- Toof musicencourage people to get involved Providing skills 146 C/o community Arts Project NAME OF ORGANISATION UFESPAN AIMS ExhibitionsMAIN ACTIVIT ES P.O. Box 168 CONTACTS/ADDRESSES withCo-operationothersgroups art in andwhotheir workwithshare own collectivelyother acommunities common cultural progressive with CommunityCalendar Museum Project Ph:7700RONDEBOSCH 45 3648 Western Cape Arts 1985- To ideologyunite progressive cultural bodies P.O.C/o CommunityBox 168 Arts Project Collective To Toclassinoppose theencourage exploitation Westernall forms and Cape promoteof oppression creative and 7700RONDEBOSCHPh: 45 3648 talentsTothe workWestern existing towards Cape in greater the communities collectivity of Togroupsamongst networkcreate and various aforworkers forum cultural progressive and information workers cultural in an societyCape Flats Cultural at':empt to break isolation CulturalCape Town Society North CulturalLansdowne Society Madressa SolidarityLatin American Network 1986- Toabout expresscounteract Latin solidarity America the disinformation with Latin Talks,Seminars, slides publications 6 tape shows 7925SALTP.O. RIVERBox 344 (LUCHA) A.-,crIcantheseconsciousness struggles Struggle of andour tocommlties raise the about Ben Ph: 64 2551 MusicalPeoples Action Power for 1986- To expositionprovide a forum for the ot creative, gigs,Workshops, exposition seminars on peoples culture 8000VLAEBERGP.O. Box 15296 (MAPP) 1 4 . LI progressive peoples culture 79 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN peoplesTo AIMSencourage culture the development of a MAIN ACTIVITIES Ph: 71CONTACTS/ADDRESSES 5449 WritersCongressRegion of South African Western Cape 1987- workerTo organiselist or-ranisations writers South to African community writers and CommunitySeminarsWorkshops activities,for writers i.e. children ATHLONE45Arnold Belgravia House Road (COSAW) Towriters provideprotect awriters forum foragainst aspirant state workshops,Journalcommunity -participation AKLAaction programmes in 7764 SouthInstitutions African Tertiary 1987- actionofTo non-racialpromote and harrassment the sport principle at tertiary and practice PeninsulaC/o SRC Technikon (SATISCO) institutions 7535RELLVILLET.O. Box 1906 BUCHU Books 1988- manyTo speakopen voices cultural upas apartthat space liberation ofare forthe beginning scmeprocess in of South oftothe Africa Publication of written materials CAPEP.O.Karen8000 TOWNBoxPress 2580 politicalpublishing,To explore vision differentinformed byapproaches a progressive to Cultural Workers Congress 1988- creativeTo unite activityall those in involved one national in Seminars, exhibitions, workshops To empoweringbasedculturalestablish cultural workers democratic,the programmesinnate organisation creativitycommunity aimed at of ofthatToall organise our peoplewill work, deepen educational society, our understanding history programmes and To strugglenationalculturaljoin arms heritageagainstorganisations with national apartheid involved and and inter- exploi- in the NAME OF ORGANISATICIN UFESPAN AIMSdemocratic,tation and tonon-racial help build S.A. a united, MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES National(NSC) Sports Congress 1988- SACOSTo act as a pressure group within

1 5 o 5 fi 81 EDUCATION, PRELIMINARY1 NOTES thereThe 'silent' was relatively 1960s. The little research organisation confirmed in thatthe 3 politicisationganisationsAnother reason in thisof foreducation category the proliferation could since be the the school of mass or- ORGANISATIONSIRESOURCE ANDINFORMATIONRESEARCH, twelvelishedorganisationseducation,1960s. from organisations The researchthe identifiedmain late 1950sactivityseemed and were as infonnation to havinglinked 1969. tobeen Fourto religious bewith estab-of around the12 4 dramatichaverevoltSincesince become of then. 1985increase1976. an thereThe importantin theeducational has formation been 'site a ofinstitutions particularlyof struggle' new or- Traininglisushsibility,arei.e. Christianthe Shura(CELT), Christian the Muslim Aland the Islami. MuslimEducation Board Assembly The oforganisations. Social AthloneLeadership and Respon- the Advice Maj-They and tion,besidesReasonsorganisationsganisations research, those that in mentionedcould thisresource having category help in explainandbeen noteswith information established.82 2this and new upsurge, 3, educa- relate educational(SACHED)AfricanconcernedOffice and Committee the with wasinstitution. Citizen's establishedcivil for rights, AdviceOther Higher as and voluntaryan Bureau Education alternativethe South were as- deterioratingsocietythefinancialto the possibilities levels in resources, the ofsocio-economic not repression, for too the a nonracial,distant growing the conditions. future, availability confidence democratic and the ofin 2 TheLisociations research,socialfeline. reasons welfare in resource forthis the category and proliferation and individual informationwere concerned of therapyeducation; organisa- with e.g. 5 quently,ganisationAscludingsought. a result new Educational resourcehave of organisational repression, become provision work less many 'spaces' ofpossible. and various areas research have Conse- kindsof been or- have in- WesternchangingOneandtions difficult speculativeduring Cape class tothe defineduring compositionperiod reason without this under period.may carefulofstudy peoplerelate During are research. varied toin the researchrepressiontowers',traditionallyarisen to have initiativesfill for thebeen provided some 'spaces'. seen which educational someby Universities, activistslink shelter into resource todemocratic from be that 'ivory state andhad Sectionofamongst Members1970s,voluntary Two, peoplethere ofassociations,are was organisationsclassified most rapid commonly upward coloured. as we concerned socialmiddlediscussed Members mobility class. with in 6 development'Thereintomovement.availability UWC. has beenAn projects example of a dramaticfunding that is aim the forincrease tomove contribute 'community by inERIC the to 82 150 education,educatedwill in all research, andprobability who resources have be accesspeople and towho information resources. arc highly tionsfactorsforeignsocial and change.including,donors disinvestment has The amongstbeen inflow linked campaigns. others, of to funds a numberthe sanc-from The of 156 availability of funds has allowed a wide range various kinds to organisations. Increasingly 7 Repressionexistinghasof ganisationseducational given educational impetus has which projects given to workprojects. the torise expansion beto tohighlightestablished numerous of thealready and effects or- it thatmanagement.cientcomecommunity are moreorganisational providing concerned organisations Examples services with administration of to newseem effectivemeet organisations theseto haveand educ andeffi- be- of ingExamplesmonitorsupportstate Gmup, repression theservices of the levelsthese Legal on forareof individuals Educationrepressive thethose Repression affected, andAction state provide Monitor-activity. Projectand to tionatingProjectLiteracy andUWC, adult training(PEP) Project educators the and Cape (CLIP), needs the all Educationformalbased arethe Popular the withincourses Computer Computer theEducation for CACE train- 8 lawyers,Severalandvironmentaliststural the workers,Nationaldifferent eachers, Detainees doctors,nurses,professionalandsocial academics service Forum. sectors workers,have planners, developedsuch cul- asen- 11 The increasing rate of unemploymentterdheidEnglishSocietygreater in (USWE)(CECS), (SAG).the Cape Town andUsing Suid-Afrikaansearea Spoken has given and Writtenrise Gelet- to the tiserecognitionorganisationalvicesresulted for suchcertain in of as these the structures legalorganisational value organisations aid, of counselling for professional themselves. strategies providing and exper- medical Thehas ser- needslishedareformationwork the ofin firstboth recentthe of organisationsunemployed.at three timesthe economic new to specifically organisations. Theseto haveand organisationspolitical been address estab-These levels. the toSeveralassistance transformstruggle'recognise of these andtoracist theirmass-based organisationshave and workplaces otherstarted discriminatory organisations. haveto challenge as also 'sites begun prac- ofand 9 ganisations.portantTheticesvicesResearch areaand focus (LRS)organiseof researchProject, Examples of andactivity within thehas theirareLabourdevelopedproposedfor theseveral professions. ManenbergResearch asCentre new an im-or- Ser- for 15' 10 The arca of nonformal education hashaveorganisationalincreasinglyDevelopment become been established recognised Studies activity. (CDS). toSeveral an provide important organisations training arca of 156 83 NAMEJewish OF ORGANSATION Board of Guardians EDUCATION, RESEARCH, RESOURCELFESPAN1859- AND INFORMATION ORGANISATIONS AIMScommunityTo assist thatpeople are from in distressthe Jewish CounsellingChildMAIN Welfare ACTWITES CAPE56 CONTACTS/ADDRESSESShortmarket TOWN Street workfinancially services and to provide social Counselling and welfare 8001701 Scotts Building Association 1920- AfricensTo worthyassist to citizensnew integrate English-speaking of theand Republicto become South Helpingemployment to find accomodation and CAPE800110 TOWNPlein Street Organisation for Rehabi- 1929- To relatedpromote educationvocations, and technical training andin BursaryRaise funds trust CAPEP.O. BoxTOWN 3685 litation(ORT) through training dencetherebythose forcountries creating the underprivileged, whereeconomic the indepen-need handi-exists CareerVocational counselling guidance 8000 Torehabilitatecapped promote destitute inter-racial immigrants persons or harmonyand refugees to and Research 5 RelationsSA Institute(SAIRR) of Race 1929- communitiespoliticalfurther the development socio-economic of all and BursariesEducationalPublications/library programmes MOWBRAY7700 meetings,To thepromote people conferences peace of Southand goodwill Africa byamong means of African Art Centre WesternEarly CapeChildhood Society for 1938- educationTo promote for excellent all pre-scnool care and -Resource-Handling parents,andpre-school information teachers educare centre and field for WYNBERGworkers 780C24 Herschel Walk children -1.laison ChildhoodbetweenAfrican National EducareAssociation Southern (OMEP for the Early Inter- Ph: 77 6478 5 WesternChildhoodnational Cape Body) Educare and Cqnvesall Early in the 84 I Muslim Judicial Council 1945- To consolidate and strengthen the Assist educational, social and 1011 Belgravia Road NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMSTospirit give oflegal unity opinions among thestrictly Muslims in Iteconomic has aMAIN socialinstitutions ACTIVITIES work dept 7764ATHLONECONTACTS/ADDRESSES Toaccordance strive(traditions to with attain theof thetheQuran Prophet.)intellectual, and Sinah Ph: 696 5150 Institute of Citizenship 1946- moral,aspirations social, ofcultural, the Muslims and economic Weekly lunch-hour discussions AssociationYoung Men's Christian 1946- To Saviourregardunite those Jesusaccording menChrist (and to as Holywomen) their Scriptures, whoGod and TeachingChristian guidance, evangelism RONDEBOSCH25 Stanley Road Kingdomeffortsdesire toamongfor be the Hisyoung extension disciples, men of inHis their Personal counselling 7700 Alcoholics Anonymous 1947- oralcholicsRehabilitation group support by means of alcoholicsof individual by Nightly meetings of alcoholics 8001CAPE57 TOWNShortmarket Street Ph:CAPEP.O. 24 TOWNBox 7559 2047 (24hrs) Civil Rights Lcague 1948- protestTo work whenfor civilthey arerights infringed and PulicationsmeetingsDiscussions/workshops/public CLAREMONT7735P.O. Box 394 rightspublicLiaison aware with media to make the of civil and human Alateen 1950- standingteenagersTo give supportof to alcoholics gain and a betterinformation and sounder- lessen to Group meetings daily 8001CAPE57 TOWNShortmarket Street 1 6 t parentsespeciallyits effect children on their of ownalcoholic lives, ofReligious NAMECWORGANZATKAFriends Society 1952-UFESPAN ReligiousAIMS generallyGrowth inMAINACTIVITIES inspiritual South Africa awareness, QuakerCaroline ServiceCONTACTS/ADDRESSES A Kaplan, Clerk (Quakers) QuakerHaveCape QuakerWestern Peacework Service Meeting and MOWBRAYRye7700 Road Branches NumerousIn South 7.eetings Africa:- throughout Cape Western, the world. Johannesburg and Soweto all monthly meeting Natal and Eastern Province regional meeting. Education.).South Peninsula Fellowship 1954- Monthlylectures Educational linked to discussions the new unity OBSERVATORYP.O. Box 17 Family Planning 1955- To supply information, advice movementTeenage clinic Woodrow7925 Advisory Centre Association coanseiltngtcnagesuxinfertility, tserapy pregnancies on with contraceptionsex, special sexual enpnasisproblems onand andCoursesAIDS responsible edacationon responsible sexuality parenthood CLAREMONTMain43 Werdmuller Road Centre Young(YCW) Cnristian Workers 1955- andcnallenging"Movement encoanter of toworking all pa:1d young classtne workers new yoi:th siciety in tne Encourage recreational EdacattonCroup discassions in Leadership facf CAPECathedral12 TOWNBouquet Place Street Towa:uswork,nIdst scnoalof tne :noir rights or ownunemployed ofsituation all being pe it at Trade4crkersSolidarity Union in Education otteractions countries with Young 8001 TorenrIniseo andre responsibleire workersand respected to:straggle one's forown ;asticelife present ,ilscoverir Jesus Crist as -ar lives and present Torn, develop a critirill analysis of :d 1 .r sir.11.e for ;asifc.." worxingsocietyro show peop:e ihternitional struggle of 86 AsroclafTne NItional 1-f: ofcancer 5A 1956- uarsesTo ewac,,ce of and Ictcrm tho public on ,iancer DayInfertm C.Ire IforronCentres 164 bn NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSTo promote and subsidise cancer CounsellingHospitalMAIN ACTIVITIES facilities patients and families 77:-0CONTACTS/ADDRESSES refresherToresearch arrange symposiums professional training and WellbeingGroup work clinics and community -Organised RONDEBOSCHP.O.Cape BoxWestern 186 Branch To workterminalrender services advisory patients and nursing atstomatherapy home, care social for VolunteerTerminalMaterialPapsmear clinics careassistancetraining service programmes through grants 7700 Researchpatientspatients,Hospice careto or give shortfor theterminally term care admission givers ill a of Lions Club International 1957- To create and foster a spirit of breakFood parcels to the needy 316 CTC Building worldunderstandingTo promote theamong principles the people of ofgood the Fund-raisinghandicappedTransport for for the welfare elderly projects and 8001CAPEPlein TOWNStreet Togovernment welfarecivic,take an cultural, ofactiveand the good communityinterest socialcitizenship andin themoral DiabetesDrug and awarenessalcohol awareness and research discussionTo interest,provide aof providedforum all mattersfor however, the ofopon publicthat membersToreligionpartisan encourage shallpolitics service-minged not andbe debatedsectarian men by toclub efficiencyservefinancial their and communityreward, promote and withouthigh to encourageethical personal endeavoursprofessions,standards in commerce,public works industry, and private i mutualTo friendship,unite understanding the clubs good infellowship the bonds and of 87 BlackNAME (AthloneOF Sash ORGANISATION Advice Advice Office Office) 1958-LIFESPAN AIMSattemptsTo lawsassist and to black regulationscope peoplewith the inthat myriadtheir govern of affectedlegislationInformationMAIN ACTIVITIESby influx service control for Blacks 7700MOWBRAY5 LongCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Street Totheir educate lives them regarding their assortsInformation UIF, of Workmens problems and referralCompensation, encountered for allsuch To fightthatrightsgather Blackagainst accurate Sash unjust caninformation continuelaws itsso RegalHousing defence Permit for Problems these problemsand Family and Marriage 1958- To familypromote life sound through marriage preventative and Pre-maritalcounselling counselling. for couples Marriage and Adderley814 Groote Street Kerk Building Society(FAMSA) of South Africa and remedial work counsellingparentsindividuals. and andchildren. Family mediaton. counselling Divorce for CAPE8001 TOWN CommunitydivorcePost divorce support education counselling groups. through Community and talks, post Trainingmarriageseminars, of counselling professionalworkshops andskills. groups groups. in SA CommitteeEducation for Higher 1958- Adulteducational Education pr)jects and non-formal AssistanceadultsCourses and and classes tutoring for withworking Unisa MOWBRAY77005 Church Street (SACHED) studiesEducationProducing resourcesof magazine 'Upbeat' AssociationPeninsula School Feeding 1958- needyTo provide school nutritional children feeding for needyProviding school nutritional children feeding for 8000CAPEP.O. TOWNBox 4055 DefenceBanned and Aid Fund 1959-1966 defencepoliticalTo assist and personsactivities, practical accused aidprovide toof families legal Legal support 88 Widows/Widow11,CpringService 0 1960- adjustmentTo help solve to aloneness,personal problems to financial - RegularAdvice anasocial rh-ormation meetings 1 66 Plein501/503 Street CTC Building NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSchange, to accomodation difficulties NewsletterMAIN ACTIVITIES CAPE CONTACTS/ADDRESSESTOWN Towidows preventimprove thelegislation exploitation concerning of widows GoodSolacefoodstuffFood clothing throughcupboard, is and personalsold from at which costinterviews pricenourishing 8001 To solitaryinform,press for advisepersons better and housing assist forany Answering individual questions. 516 CTC Building Citizen's Advice Bureau 1962- personprovisionsits on competence, any thatmatter such subjectfalling information, towithin any Dealing with individual difficulties Plein Street CAPE8001 TOWN donationsbeadvice free andof may charge,assistance be accepted, save shall: that voluntary Ph: 46 7218/19 be Financialnotstrictly include confidential,or thematerial provision help, of any professionswithinnot be suchthe scopeas would of anyprobably of the fall Dependants Conference 1963- andprisoners,To givetheir support families detainees, and care banned to political persons MonthlyLegalpolitical support grants prisoners for to detaineesfamilies of CAPECowley126 TOWN ChapelHouse Street ResthousepeopleprisonersFood termedparcelsfor relatives 'Foreign and monthly who Africans' visit grants for 8001 1963- Supplywhile awsitIne nutriional pension foods applications to 25 .....urch Street Kupuganl mo:natrtticnTo alleviate poverty and combat possibleotherpublic, institutions creches,prices old at agelowest homes and 7925WOOLSTOCK ServiceManna community Food 1963- malnutritionTo alleviate poverty and combat otherpublic,Supplying instftutions creches, nutritional old at agelowestfoods homes to and 7925SALT398 Albert RIVER Road BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 6 'i possible prhles 1 4 ; 89 NAMEChristianLeadership OF ORGANISATION Education and Traininc: LIFESPAN1966- AUS EducationalLeadershipMAIN ACTIVITIES Training and consultation EdisonSt CONTACTS/ADDRESSESMichaels Road Parish Centre Defunct(CELT) Programme RONDEBOSCH50A mathew Road Alcoholics Victorious 1967- counsellingTo give Christian and support evangelic for alcoholics Bible studies AfterHomeGroup visits activitiescare residential centres CLAREMONT ResponsibilityBoard of Social of 1967- respon:;ibilityTo examine matters from involving the standpoint social of poorSupport and foroppressed the struggles (squatters, of the CAPEVictoriaChurch TOWN House Street Anglican Church takeawareTothe make Christian such of :he theaction Church issuesYouth as and itinvolved widerdeems publicnecessaryand to Educationalworkers,(seminars, etc.) events workshops, within thetalks, Church etc.) 8001 AssociationCape Teachers Professional 1967 To tivelyofpromote its theirmembers, and furtheropinions and tothe on voice interestsmatters collec- SpringEducationalSaturday schools schoolssocial function PrivateGeneralPaul M. BagJordaanSecretary X12 (CTPA) conditionsTopertaining strive fortoof education,serviceimprovements in members WorkshopsLeadershipSocial programmes training 7537KASSELSVLEI To communityandpromote social the and advancement educational, its members of culturalthe BursariesEducational outings aestheticTonon-racialism encourageadvance aspects actively the in developmenteducationof thethe principlechild's of thelife of Tospirituaiand study to help matters and promote physical affecting hls development educational, education and/or70regard advance make to representationthem the objects of with the 90 17 I associationissuinginformation publications by relevantdissemminating fromto education tfme to timeby NAME OF ORGANISATK)N LIFESPAN intergrityof AIMSethical &conduct, profesional profesional efficiency, MAIN ACTIVIT ES CONTACTSIADORESSES Toprofesionallishedand acquire to organisationsco-operate by matters purchase, with in otherexchange,educational estab- & movabletosharesdonation dispose or in immovable lease oneof theor or more sameinproperty, any companiesby othersale and/or or mannerand in moneyborrowsecuritiesany ofsuch theagainst manner associationor onone andsuch or to moresecurity ininvest such securities anyor schemesTobyof conferencepromotethe associationor subsidiaryand/or establish as agenciesmay be funds approved and/or or ofandwhether toteachers other provide life purposes and/or orfor otherwise, group theirfor theinsurances families benefitmedical or ofTodependants educationact generally in such in thea manner best interestthat it doesAlthoughlisted not conflictabove CTPA is with not thea political objects eacheducationorganisationthe other contention cannotand it is fully bethattherefore separated subscribespolitics commit- from& to mattershaveted to athat bearingengage directly inon sucheducation or politicalindirectly communityrelieveIt is committed the oppression to the ofstruggle the to 91 NAMEOFORGANEATKNN 1967-LFESPAN AANS leading Christian development CtarentlyMAIN ACTIVITESinvolved in some 33 AdministrativeCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Secretary ofWorld Southern Vision Africa underprivelegedorganisationIt believes committed that communities if charityto assisting is to projectsandsponsorship 27 specially such (Childcare) as income-generating,funded developmentprojects WorldWYNBERGP.O. Vision Box 67 (Western Cape) developmentprovefocus a vitalmust shiftforce fromfor good,almsgiving the to co-operativestrades training, production 7824 StudiesCentre for Intergroup 1968- To understandingpromote better among knowledge political and groups management,Trainingmediationin courses negotiation community in conflict- and political Mrs1c/o AudreyUniversity University Allen Avenue of Cape Town in South Africa Research.conflict Consultation and Mediation RONDEBOSCHUpper7700 Campus Negotiating Skills Programme at Funda Centre in Soweto. crisis counselling Training programmes (couselling) 56 Roeland Street Life Line 1968- CommunicationToservice providetrain people skills in counselling and personal BargainSpeaking24hr telephoneShop engagements counselling CAPE8001 TOWN growth SaturdayGrooteFace to Schuur faceevenings counselling casualty 10h00-16h00 MajisushIslami Shura Al 1968- centralizedallWishes Muslim for theorganisationsstructures co-operation in toorder ofcreate to classesAdultEducational and children's projects Islamic GATESVILLEP.O.7764 Box 269 organisecommunity the affairs of the Muslim DrawcircumcisionProvideschools up syllabi counselling clinicsfox various service(in co- Islamic and To offer all information needed MedicalCounsellingoperation Association) with seminars the Islamic on pre- 2033 Nasionale Pers 92 RetirementWestexn Province Council 1 7 1969- Toretirementfor olganisecomprehensive surveys planning relevant for to retirement planning 176 8001Sentrum Heerengracht NAME OF ORGANISATION UFESPAN AIMS promotingorTo bodiesco-operate first with aim withsimilar employers aims persons MAIN ACTIVITES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Africans Scholars Fund 1970- schoolTo provide African financial pupils helpwho showfor high schoolsCorrespondence and donors to and from pupils, P.O. Box 294 basicacademicin theschool meritCape needs Provincebut andneed are andmoney thedomiciled forCiskei schools,withA certain public, pupils, amount state parentsof departments, negotiations 7700 AssociationSouth African Diabetes 1970- To offamilieseducate diabetes diabeticsthat will a betterlead and totheirunderstanding the CampsCounsellingLiterature for diabetic children CAPEP.O.Mrs JosinaBoxTOWN 4943 Barnes acceptanceillness and control over the JusticeNewsletterLectures and Peace Issues 8000Rev. PH Van Den Heever ofWestern Churches(WPCC) Province Council 1970- witnessTo andToco-ordinate undertakereligious of churches the onorganizations behalfwork and of churches joint AssistenceWorkFinancial in the aidto squatter politicalto community people prisoners, projectsareas CommunitySALT41 Salt RIVER HouseRiver Road Toaction be doers and serviceof the word and not detaineesco-ordinating(Dependants and their churchConference) families youth. Youth Educ. 7925 Tohearers care onlyfor needs of communities Crisisreferencein the news churchesto - theirPublication dealingrole in on withsociety special 1971- To assist the church in her striving Formationtheological of mattersparish groups 12 Bouquet Street CommissionJustice and Peace c6mmunication,afterReconciliation true liberation Research and Educationby andmeans Analysis of NewsletterWorkshops 800/CAPE TOWN UC1 Legal Aid Clinic 1971- Free legal advice to indigent persons Advisory MrsPrivatec/o S WrightLaw BagFaculty 1 7 Ph:7700RONDEBOSCH 650 3551 (m.o) 17 93 BranchesNAME OF ORGANISATION EightUFESPAN sattelite clinics operate throughout the Peninsula AIMSTo organise and educate students LabourMAIN issues ACTIVITIES highlighted SRC UniversityCONTACTS/ADDRESSES of WagesCommission and Economics 1971- organisationssupportaround labourand resources issues andto labourto provide Ph:RONDEBOSCHCape 650 Town 1020 UnitEarly Learning Resource 1972- ofTo promotedisadvantaged and further and underprivileged the interests TrainingpersonnelPre-school programme education of pre-school programmes Mr P.O.EarlyI Fredericks Box Learning 89 (Chairman) Centre pre-schoolSouth Africa children of all races in committeesTrainingLibrary of Pre-school sub- CRAWFORDPh:7770 637 9146 Grassroots Educare 1972- To promote the interest of ail TrainingProvision in Financialof assistance Administration and support SALT350 VictoriaRIVER Road Trust pre-schooltheircommunities own children pre-school to establish by assistingeducare and centresmanage centrescommunity-runto Educationthe staff workshops andpre-school management for educare pre-school of Ph:7925 47 2546 Teecher-aidepre-schoolAdministrationpersonnel executive training workshops committeespre-school for shopBursariesAdventure and resource programmeBus programmes CitizensMetropolitan Action for 19741972- To themhighlight to the civic various affairs community and relate InfillPre-school schemes education MuslimMr Achmat Assembly Davids 1972- activitiesTo provide education for adult Courses from literacy level to NEWFIELDSP.O. Box 77 EducationSt Francis Centre Adult studentsTorequire provide at it whatever enrichment level and theycultural matricDayTutorials school forfor studentsstudents ofrepeating Unisa Ph:7770CRAWFORD 684 1801 94 1 7 courses for Adults Non-formalLibrarymatric year courses I 43 U NAMEBureauWestern OF ORGANISATION (Became Province WP AdviceGeneral LIFESPAN19751973- AIMSTo assistpromote workers workers to organizations realise their OfferingOrganisingMAIN ACTIVITIESan workersadvice service General11 CONTACTS/ADDRESSESBenbow Workers Building Union Workers Union) factoryTorights assist committees with the formation of ATHLONEPh:7764 638 2592 Zinatul Islamic Guidance 1973- To literateassist illiterate people in anddealing semi- with PracticalCounselling help with family problems WOODSTOCK10 Oxford Street officialdom matterspensions,Information divorce and andadvice other on relatedgrants, 7925 Belydende Kring 1974- EcumenicalAlternativeChurch unity co-operationTheological/Biblical ir NGK churches educ. Regional conferences womens meetings Dr S Govender Ph: 71 6074 NewsletterRegional & branch meetings Prof. CD Cloete (W.UWC) establishingChristian witness new formsin apartheid of community society Quarterly Journal (DUNAMIS) 7800PLUMSTEADP.O. Box 69 SouthHousewives Africa League of l9/4- To research,promote education nutrition in and consumer home planning ShoppingInvestigation Sur,: ys and Research CLAREMONTP.O. Box 23214 andTo standardsfacturers actimproved as liaison ofand quality consumers between are manu- tomaintained ensure Monthly meetings 7735 andTo tory monitormaintain bodies prices contact to urgeof withcommodities prices statu- are maize,ofTokept foodpromote meat,at reasonablein milkstoreshygiene and levels,andwheat clean e.g. handling SocietySA Voluntary Euthanasia 1974- anddignity"To incurable work forfor or athose gentlelife afflictedthreatening death "With with Information and Literature P.O.National SAVESBox 1460 Secretary appropriatereliefdisease from or injurytreatmentpain and and discomfort with adequate by Ph:3631WANDSBECK 031-26613511 NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN To AIMSwork for the enactment and bene- MAIN ACTIVITES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES withdefinedtoficial establish dignity workinglimits, anda rightofto without anydie within measurepeacefully, suffering properly seeking maketioncalledTo publish knownenabling "The their andLiving members distribute wishes Will" and with ofothersa declara-formregard to To trainingcurriculatopress terminal for a ofthe"specific anddoctors inclussion emergency courseand nurses intre,,ment onthe the under Western Cape Institute (975- Conducts"care of theresearch dying" into the history Archive containing books, C/o Institute for for Social Research developmentparticularof race relations into of thethe in colouredhistorical SA and in Conferencemanuscripts,Journal - Kairosprivate documents U.W.0HistoricalBELLVILLEP.O. Box ResearchX17 population group Weekend courses for couples P.O.7530 Box 2638 Associationfor Marriage of CouplesEnrichment 1976- growthandExamine setting through and goalsdevelop group for theand continuing relationshipcouple MonthlyNewsletterhave attendedmeetings (quarterly) coursesfor couples for a whoyear CAPE8000 TOWN Christelike Alkoholiste 1976- DutchTodialogue promote Reformed the Churchcharity for service alcoholics of alcoholicsCounselling and and their support families for PAROW54 Toner EAST Street Diens service,support,and drug motivation,counsellingdependents, therapy,andthrough prevention mutualsupport Group meetings in different areas 7500 MERGE 1976- constantToand help aftercare achievepromotion treatment ron-racialism of contact betweenthrough ContactPublic meetings Evenings ATHLONEP.O. Box 281 96 racialforracially the democracy establishment divided inpeople South ot and aAfrica just to worknon- MonthlyForumLiaison Discussions meetings with other for allorganisations members 184 87760 Harmonie Road NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES working for change 7764ATHLONEHazendal Muslim Assembly 1976- To consolidate the Muslim society It has educational and social Ph: 637 7858 alsoTo institutionsassist Islamic and lines upgrade of the theMuslim educational community materialswelfareIt sees depatments. into thethe fieldpublication of Islamic GATESVILLE7764P.O. Box 60 Operation Upgrade 1976- To train people to teach adult Teachereducation. Training Courses Maryland Centre voluntaryilliterates basis wherever necessary on a OrganisingTearning(Literacy) Adults Centres Ph:HANOVERSummit 637 Road4241PARK AgainstSouth African Painful Association 1976- usedTo reduce in vivisection the suffering of animals concerningTo brings outthe intouse ofthe animals open facts In Ms. Mytanwy (Van) Wood OFF. TeenSuid-AfrikaanseExperiments Pynlike on Eksperimence Animals/Vereeniging destructionprocurementTo eliminate ofbreeding, cruelty all experimental inholding the and ThroughToexperiments educate distribution the & testingpublic of inof leaflets this,products MrsPh:Ph: Beryl685 48 6407 9449Scott INFO. Chairman op Diere(SAAAPEA/SAVTPED) Toanimals thepromote substitution by all possible of alternatives means to scholarslectures,& posters, withhelp showing projectsto students of films and & essays& 7735CLAREMONTP.O. Box 23430 the use of animals in vivisection alternatives,on internationalthe subject, etc. newsletterscampaigns Participate against & usein of 52 The Link Urban Foundation 1976- involvementio promote andby theco-ordinate private sector in EducationResidential and development Training CLAREMONTUtilitas non-racialinthe Southin-provement Africa basis onof aurban non-polftical, communities Business Development 8001CAPE1 DorpTOWN Street CareersInformation Research Centre and 1977- decisionsTo help aboutpeople work make and informed study RunningCounselling workshops for pupils Cnr Klipfontein 4Streets Springbok (CR(C) Facilitateinstitutionsindustry, communication individuals andbetween educational Consultationandcareer teachel-: programmes withand designingothers planning them Ph:7764ATHLONE 637 8040/1/2 1, A) [ , 97 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSandEmpowerment community of workersstudents, through teachers ProducingMAIN careers ACTIVITIES information CONTACTS/ADDRESSES CounsellingPlanningtraining andskills and Presentation, Communicationsworkshops onLeadership, Program RuralIndustrial education education AssociationCommunity Video Resource 1977- exploringTo provide andvideo promoting as a means an under-of Community- Bellville tapes: South Housing Action UCTc/o Coliege of Music (CVRA) Capeproblemsstanding Town thatofareas, the exist widespreadthat in is, the greatersocial in housing, - Bishop Levis ElectricityCommitteeLavender Campaign (Housing Hill Advice Conditions) Office PH:7700RONDEBOSCH 655006 videoTotransport, facilitate as a medicineproduct and develop inand promoting education the use and of UDECarnegie(Paternoster Enquiry intofishing Poverty industry) launching (West Cape) greaterToassisting relatedImprove understanding, educational tecommunications, community programmes promoteneeds create new Oay,MayCommunityChild DayFoundation Rally,care Media (Ocean Nationalfor (Grassroots CommunityView Women's creche) work The Crypt Centre 1977- Toideas provide and provoke meals atsocial subsidised change prices differentRunning formsa restaurant of media) St George's Cathedral 8001CAPEWale TOWNStreet AnsociatlonDomestic Workers 1977- inTo relationfurther theto theirinterest employers of workers SewingMonthly classes meetings Corporation507 Atlantic Street House IDWA) Toand increasesettleemployers disputes the membership between ofworkers the DomesticNewsletterLiteracy Science classes 8001CAPE TOWN Toorganisation employmentassist workers in obtaining withassistanceTo provide, their employment towhen workers necessary in connection legal AssociationDown's Syndmre 19//- schoolTo interventionprovide children a comprehensive servicewho have for developed earlyall pre- ParentprogrammesDevelopmental support and home and class I BELLVILLEOakdale73 Van der Stel Street NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN mentalAIMS delays, and their families Fellowship gatheringsMAIN ACTIVITES 7530 CONTACTS/ADDRESSES TogroupsCentral give supportServices to Centre parents for of self-help Down's LibrariesPromoting research regardingToSyndrome educate childrenDown's the public Syndrome and parents AssociationBreast Feeding 1978- EncourageHelpInformation and supportbreast and feedingof education the new motherfor mothers Lectures24hrBreast telephone feeding by paramedics serviceclinics BELLVILLEOldP.O. Oar Box 4055 Ante-natal lectures Child7530 Care Information CnrCentreRONDEBOSCH Liesbeeck & Sawkins Rd Caminploy Staff Service 1978- To provide employment and advice 7700 workersSkillsfor workers training and foremployers unskilled LiteracyandSkills first training aid - sv.ing, cooking 7925OBSERVATORY247 Lower Main Road To woikersZ.1encourage raise theself status employment of domestic ServiceGeneral Workers Aid 1978- toTo extendenable assistancethe General to Workers individual Union Offering an advice service General Workers Union General(Established Workers Unicn) by W.P. disputesTowho support have employment GWU in, related problems for example, legal paralegalHelps to extendclinics knowledge through 776411 Benbow Building forSouth Cathol'c Africa. SocialCouncil Service 19/8- developmentProject is projects aimed at in stimulating rural areas DevelopmentSelf-help projectschemes CAPE37a TOWN Somerset Road Zakhe(SACCSS) 1978- To Servicesandfacilitate servicing already collective the in Catholic operation action Social ProvisionCo-operatives cf printing and P.O. Ph:8001Box 25143 2095 1 o NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES AudioTIbraryEducationtransport vi9ual facilities andfacilities training 7780LANSDOWNE andAssociation Assistance for to Guidance Pupils 1979- regardsTo enlighten to the the needs community of p"pils with YouthSchool development counselling progrartme service ELSIESP.O. Box RIVER 186 (AGAP) '3conomicpupilsTo give with guidance and regard educational and to assistancetheir needs social, to TeacherParentSoup kitchensupport participation projectprogramme project Ph:7480 638 5176 childtheirTo support tasks andof educatinginspire teachers the whole in EducationalComputer education games project project 1919- meaningTo Topowermake oppose theand puolicimplicationsby peaceful aware meansofof thenuclear the ResourceofCollection informationnuclear centre powerand about diseminationon in nuclear generalthe development and of 7925SALTP.O. BoxRIVER 344 KoebergTodevelopment analyse Nuclear the of processnuclearPower Plant bypower which and Saturdaysrelated issues at Community is open Houseon alternate Michael(w) (h) Kantey644136 6852536 Tothemandother work to nuclear directfor the effortsprojects redirection towards in S.A. of haltinghumanarose energydevelopmentand economic resources of resources safe reoewable towards cheap the liealth Care Vrust 1979- careT. proncte in the thewidest Improvement sence, in .4 health communityCommunity basedHealth organisations project with in ATHLONELedgbr House couth Africa anddi'rict,VillageIndustrial around health CapeTranskei health Town project project in Cala Ph:7764 696 673, Marriage Enoyourfer 19-,9 ToRenowal renewalfacilitate of ofthe thereal church sacrament communication through of themarriage 20 couples 1 ential weekend experience of Durboll8Neale Schabort O'Connor Crescent NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS betweenthrough husbanda totally and private wife encounter MAIN ACTIvIrEs DURBANVILLECONTACTS/ADDRESSESPH:7550 26 6897 Melo Songololo 1979- To encourage children to express Run holidaychildren's programmes workshops 41Community Salt River House Road Tochildrenthemselves provideencourage alternativefreely communications reading among Publish children's magazines Ph:7925SALT 47 RIVER 8821 artisticTomaterial Toencourage make abilitiesfor the children society creatively toaware use oftheir Philani Nutrition Centre 1979- Providechildren's nutrition, needs care and education Nutritional education and care for PHILLIPIP.O. Box 117 Crossroadsfor children community and mothers in the ReliefMedicalTeachingthe underfed scheme care the growing- food parcelsof vegetables 7781 AntenatalClasses lectures(evening or afternoon) in Salesian, CentreSavio Adult Education 1979- ofTo matricaccommodate adults and students matric subjects CLAREMONTLansdowne7700 Road Unit-UCIUrban Problems Research 1979- education,Research Into unemployment, issues sucn urbanisation as housing, regionalResearch developmentinto urbanisation, strategies, RONDEBOSCHU.C.T.C. Sharp Cottage (UPRU) Community consultancy service ReferenceLocalUrbaninflux authorityEducation controlLibrary financing available V.Watson7700 '480- To organise groups of learners and TeachersTeaching Resource language Centre skills 4 Astley Road Adult(ALP) Learning Pro)ect i Totheirteach organise ownthem mother howgroups to tongue readof learners and write who in unionscommunitySeminars andorganisations training courses and trade for MOWBRAYPh:7700 685 3330 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN areAIMSsecondtongue, already language and literate teach themin their English mother as a ResourcesMAIN ACTMTIESof reading materials CONTACTS/ADDRESSES To subjectsnutrition,aboutinclude laws, inrelevant housingtheorganisations, lessons to and their anyinformation livesotherhealth, InformationEducation, ResearchCentre and 1980- educationalTo provide resourcesprogrammes and progressive ResourceAudiovisual Library material CounsellingC/O Institute for Education,ERIC(ERIC) became Research ERIP WorkshopsCopyingAudiovisual facilities and Equipment Programmes ModderdamU.W.C.University Road Centre intowhenInformation UWCit was incorporatedProject in 1988 BELLVILLE FoodInformation Allergies Societyand 1980- provideTo fordistribute people telephone withinformation contactallergies andservice who have TelephoneNewsletterMonthly meetings contact service CONSTANTIAMrs15 Howick Brommersvlei Road Grassroots Publications 1980- Tobeen publish professionally a regular diagnosedcommunity Publish Grassroots Community news- 45 Arnold's House oppressedexperiencesnewspaper and andwhich exploited demands articulates of the the educationpaperwhich: 10 timesand training per year project - run an ATHLONEBelgraviaPh: 637 Road1321 developmentamongTo assist the ofoppressedin mediamedia skillstraining; b)a) HoldsRuns mediaand annual skills 7-day workshops winterorganisations/schools, etc. CAPEP.O. TOWN Box 1161 mediaTo assist projects in the wherever initiation possible of new d)c) ProducesProvides mediaskills resources training (book-forschoolgrassroots volunteers 8000 Run a rural project which: manuals)lets, slide-tape shows, videos, 102 lkj b)a) InitiatesDevelops mediamedia skillsprojects in inthe ruralrural areas areas IndustrialResearch(IHRIG) Group Health 1980- Assistproblemshealth democratic associatedand safety trade with unions occupational with Provisionof shop stewards, of information; workers; education measure- SociologyJudith Cornell Dept. medicalhazardsmenthazards; and andscreenings assessment adviceprotective onof of prevention workers measures;workplace of 7700RONDEBOSCHPrivateUniversity Bag of Cape Town ments;briefingsexposed advice to onhazardous legislativeon medical substances; services,develop- Health Workers Society 1980- worker benefits, etc. Tosions, actprovidepromote opinionsas a apatientsupportative forum and forcareeducation health atfor all health discus- levels DebateNew,..etterCommunity health projects ATHLONEP.O.7764 Box 224 equalTheworkers right say inof theirall nurses organisation to have an FreedomtheirThe right own of representativesof association all nurses forto electnurses who Fullcitizenshiphave andbeen equal forced citizenship to accept inhomeland an Masifundise 1980- Toundivided provide democraticbursaries andSouth other Africa Resources Centre Workshops deservingtheiritnancial educational students air-anco for advancement tothe needy purpose ator of CorrespondenceLiteracyVocation programmeSchools programme P.O.7455LANGA Box 100 blackneedToprimary, promote forchildren educationalsecondary public and awarenessstudentsor advanc.ment tertiary inof suchthelevel of Toparticulara mannerprovide as circumstancesa maycounselling be appropriate service in BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 9° 103 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSincludingcovering allcounselling aspects ofin therespect education of MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Parentcraft 1980- Tocareer stimulate guidance informal talks and Meeting alternate Wednesdays Childcare Information discussionsparenthoodfields relating with experts to all inaspects various of RoadsCnrCentreRONDEBOSCH Swakins & Campground Parent Effective Training 1980- skillsemphasisTo provide in onorder parentlearning to educationimprove communication relation- with the Courses 7700NEWLANDS5 Lady Ann Avenue Phoenix Society 1980- ships and to handle conflict creatively relatedTogeneral assisteducate problemspublic all and those aboutenlighten to comewith transvestism togender-the terms Bi-monthlyCounsellingSocial Get-togethers magazine 7500PAROWP.O. Box 375 Southern African 1980- Policy-orientatedwith themselves research in labour Current Researth!- 6th Floor ResearchLabour(SALDRU) Development Unit trainingResourceand ofcentre aspirant and inforesearcner service development determinations,agricultureindustrialResearch councils and wage and on Trade Unions, U.C.T.ScienceRobert LeslieBuilding Social CooperativesLabourlabour Researchregular workingService. papers 7700RONDEBOSCHPrivate Bag St ,.ukus Hospice 1980- patientsNursing andand caretheir tor families terminally ill Training programme in the care of P.O. Box 54 homesnallyNursingthe dying andill and inpatients medicalan in-patient both care in of facilitytheir termi- 745KENILWORTH 104 Retreat Legal Aid office 19"o 1980- To unableprovide to legal seek aidprivate for thoselegal advice Legal aid advice 200 MaryRETREATRetreat Atlee RoadCommunity Centre TeachersNAME OF Action ORGANISATION Committee 1980-LFESPAN meetingquoTo AIMS provide- in place, the alternatives classroom, and in the into community the status WorkshopsProducingMAIN ACTIVITIESnewsletter CONTACTS/ADDRESSES andforThe activitiesaneed programme for a newof changeapproach in inattitudes teaching UCT- SRC Resource Centre 1980- To provide resources for students ContainsResourcepamphlets, books,centre etc. clippings,for on students relevant runissues by UniversityStudentPh: 650 Union 0210of Cape Town UWC - Teaching Centre 1980- To improve teaching 6 learning by Formalin SA. research e.g. learning C/o Goldfields Resource Tomeans broadcontribute of academicresearch to the planning6 guidanceuniversity's onFormalproblems. Computer-Based lecturing e.g.education. B.Ed. course P.O.U.W.C.Centre Box X17 toTo implementfacilitatecreate the such teachingfacilities innovations innovation required Outreach programme to schools. 7530BELLVILLE Voluntary Aid Bureau 1980- To Interviewingpromote volunteering and placing volunteers volunteersWorkshopsEmployment fr,s Bureau the foreffective Volunteers use of 8000CAPEP.O. TOWNBox 3836 volunteeringBeingin suitable a resource volunteer centre jobs on ConsultationsTrainingResource volunteers Centre Whole Health Institute 1980- Towholeness provide education in wholethe art person of OrganisingNewsletterSeminars visitors as speakers or cONSTANTIA7848P.O. Box 245 Careerwise 1981- lAividualhealth care career guidance, career Seminar/coursesrunning programmes P.O.Ph: 794 Box 1297 145 1982 workspecialchanges emphasisand career on developmentwomen returning with to Ph:CLAREMONT CRIC Dial-A-Mum 2() I 1981- whoTo offerare at a thelistening end of eartheir to tether,parents aTelephone day support service 24 hours Northgate1 Wendy Way 105 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS and practical non-medical advice for MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSESPAROW professionalparentsnon-medical where problems,resource necessary, and to to the refer best 7500 EmployersDomestic WorkersProject and 19841981- andTo facilitateresolve conflicts better communicationbetween areCentres taught of skillsconcern where domestics MOWBRAY5 Long Street (DWEP) domesticToemployers strivehandle workers' andtowardscomplaints employees workemprovement from conditions domestics of in 7705 Human Awareness Programme 1981- ToSouth assist Africa organisations and Training courses (Linked to SAIRR) 1982 theirbecomeindividuals objectives more effective working infor achieving change to PublicationsConsultation Labour History Group 1981- bookletsTo research, that writetell theand historypublish of the followingPublication topics: of booklets on the c/oLinder ILRIG Cooper whoselabour home movement language in is S.A. not forEnglish workers The1946 1922ICU African White MinersMineworkers Strike Strike 7925SALTP.O. BoxRIVER 213 AsinamaliOrganisingGarment Workers at the Unite Cape Town Docks AllTheOrganising in1973 English strikes in the 1950's MoverentManenbero Educational 1981- classesTo take inup the schoolsproblems ot practical examinationsstudentsTuition programto help forthem high piepare school for Qibla Muslim Movement 1981- striveTo disseminate for the eradicationthe truth and of tothe BursariesSeminars for to needyproject students the truth ATHLONEBelgravia Road 106 2 0 tosubjugation propagate,Justice of implement man by man and and defend also oppressedMissionaryPublications: wing to asslist the Qibla bulletins 2 0 (1 7764 NAME OF ORGANISADON LFESPAN ADM CounsellingMAIN ACTIVITIES and advice work CONTACMADDRESSES5 Long Street AssociationSA Domestic(SADWA) Workers 1981- againstTo fairprotect andexploitation thereasonable domestic and conditions workerto secure of MeetingsworkshopsLeadership monthly and skills training MOWBRAY7700 Toproblemsemployment becomehelp domestic a mouth workerspiece for solve domestic Publications Toworkers Toofnegotiate domesticwork towards with workers employersa Trade Union on behalf UlwaniAssociation Christian 1981- To formalprovide education alternative methods to Non-formalSkillsEnglishFormal offeringstudies forstudies communication (social issues) OBSERVATORY7925247 Lower Main Road Wholistic Health Centre 198- exercisethroughTo spread diet, meditation the rerbs,knowledge andvitamins, personalityof wholism Courses 7764KENWYN9 Ludgate Road AcLionAd Hoc Detentio7.Con7ittee :982- Totraining cationspromote ofawareness detention of forthe organisationsimpli- Treatment of torture victims Newsletter SALTP.O. RIVERBox 368 (ADAC) Toand state analyserolatives strategy the of use detainees of detention as a rightsWor.(shops(psy,:hological around repression/ and physical) legal 7925 psychologicalresearchacoutTo eoucate the the rights and legal, effects inform of medicaldetainees oforganisations detention and and to detuntions/repressicnPublicity/Public protest around detentIon,tt!'1,7Tc develop issue links between ADAC and groups involved in th( AssociationEducation, for Care Pre-scnoQi 6 Training 1982- 1988 andTo striveco-ordination towards ofco-operation the efforts TrainingWorksnops of Teachers (ASPECT) 200 of organisations and individua;s assistant teachers and workers ) 1") 107 NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Defunct Tocareconcerned functionimprove and training with standardsin anthe advisory pre-school of education capacity child Pre-schoolPromoteProducing formation NewsletterAsSociation of a united Takingof inthe relation actionpre-school toto furtherplanning the in respect Association of Retired 1982- interests of the pre-school child Negotiating discounts for members Mr P.S. Stock Persons and Pensioners andmoreTo benefitpensioners, than 1,5 e.uh million and everyone retired ofpersons the irrespective of race NegotiatingSpecialtravel, concessions rates, favourable taxes, on premiumcertain etc. rates 7450 HOWARDP.O. Box PLACE 403 or thenationality, Republic of whoSouth are residentAfrica in grapestonsArrange of direct apricotspilot fromdeliveries and farmer hannepoot ofto several pensionerprojects,Social meetings, etc. outings, cc-inunity LibraryCape Town Trade Union 1982- andTo the providevicinity working a withlibrary people the serviceofmeans Cape of toTown study TrainingWorkshopsReaders Clubcourses for trade 7925SALTP.O. RIVERBox 376 tional.Toand assisteducation cultural the trade training unions and in re-educa- unionists Ph: 471 677 Detainees Parents Support 1982- Tosearch provide programmes suport and care for those Keeping in touch with parents of P.O. Box 368 RestrictedCommittee(DPSC) releaseTorelatives inkeep detentionof updetainees conttant or onand pressure trial the scrappingand for their the OrganisingdetaineesOrganising visits food and clothing for 7925SALT RIVER themeasure,of detentiontreatment to press lawsof the forand, detainees improvements as an interim in NationalpostReferral detention Detaineesfor medical Day examination 108 2 0 meetings,publiclo keep eye the thethrough issue distribution ofthe detention press, of in the 2 0 6 NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS information MAIN ACTIVITIES OONTACTSMDRESSES Oivorce Workshop 1982- informativelifeTo help through members level communicating adjust with othersto theirat inan new MonthlydiscussionsOutings meetings including with children guest speakers informal CAPEP.O.8000 BoxTOWN 4894 similar situations LibraryWorkshopsHikes, bridge and theatre evenings Gay(CASA) Association of SA 1982- To amongfoster homosexuals confidence and self respect Monthly magazine ROGGEBAAIP.O. Box 6010 Institute for Social 1982- In Southern Africa there are commun- Research on problems of development Social Sciences Building 8012 Developrent(ISD) Thirdsuperfluity,ities World which, situation findin the themselves midst of ineconomic a -Dissemination- FormalConferences lecturing ofof Informationcourses U.W.C. of toasTherethese solveto thearecommunities the coursewider problems differenceswhich of has development to of be opinion taken debateTheas I.S.D. making and seesfinds a contribution its itself primary part totask of the this thecommunities,socio-economic Western Cape, and problems specificallyhave to these face those in Link-up 1982- eAucationalTo let people programmes know about current Newslectetworkshops,Information everytalksthrough two lectures, months 7700HARFIELD4 Lincoln VILLAGEStreet WorkersMovement(MCW) of Christian 1982- carriedgroups':he movement togetnelcouples of fromadults,Christian the mainlyworking- workers reviewAdultReview workerstheirof Life lives (preferably groups and involvement couples) Ph:MarcusRoddy 461 Nunes Rodgets3673 2 Theyclasssocial try for to anaiysisthe understand purpose oftheir doing reality andThein theeffects a groupconscientisation of with theft 2-3 involvement other of couples on 109 NAME OF ORGAN N LIFESPAN AIMSviewat work to changingand in the that community reality withso that a DevelopementreflectedchildrenMAIN isupon ACTIVITIES anProjects aspect which also CONTACTS/ADDRESSES equalitybasedtheir on worldthe concept might becomeof sharing more human,and education,whichThe movement looks andat is healthculture engaged care, and in theprojects newfaiththeyAs partnon-exploitative trycan of tolink theirunderstand up analysiswith society ahow vision their of a thesedevelopment basic needsof people to strive for DentaiNational(NAMDA) Association Medical and 1982- -promotingofAttainment health for andof all thepractising thehighest people compre-level by: groups,together-Emergency trainswith Services detainees people Groups-NAMDA, from support the comm- SALT RIVER MedicalP.O. BoxBranch 536 -improvingbothhensive preventive health standards careand curativeemphasising-of teaching aspects and Partdealunity ofwith in the firstemergencies programme aid to includesandenable crises them the to 7925 Dental Branch majoritytrainingfields ofinrelevant the peoplemedical to the and needs dental of the available-NAMDAex-detainees.health makescare to andcommunitymedical rehabilitation personnel and worker of GATESVILLEP.O.7764 Box 536 -workingsciences-promoting closelyat theall health levelswith those andof societyallied scien- organisationsprovidespecific health occassions on requestcare in fororder to CONGELLAP.O.Head BoxOffice 17160 tific,-criticallyofwhich health professional contribute reviewing toor tneother tne advancement healtn groups benefitsdoctors-Occupational regardingavailable Heaith-NAMDA socialto workers welfare educates who 4013 nationconsequenceslt'. Southand economic Africa of racial exploitation discrim:- pationalmonitorsfail ill healthethical or are care standards injured. delivery inIt alsooccu- patiblenomic-affirmtng system wi'n tnat theof apartheidtheattainment social in andof IVC07- eco- gt,od represnlonareas-Research relating -have a number tobeen apartheid exploredof important and - nea/tn-assistingthe majorityand eradiration in the creation of disease of condi- for cationsAdolescentsPublications of the in include newDetention; constitut: Children lmpli- .n and for societyonlytions exist for optimumin a free health and democraticwhich can NewHealth,health Directions care;The Struggle The in Struggle Health for Democracy; Care,for From 11 0 -uptvaling the quality of primary Apartheid to Democracy. 2 l _ ; NAME OF ORGANISATK)N LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES medicalof thegeneral clinical care practice, through and sociological educationhospital practiceabout aspects subjects down played or ignored by theand-Workshops establishedseminars and have Seminars-workshopsmedical been heldprofession on dentaland-promotingrural interests healthprofession and careof protecting theand medicalensuringworkers the and honourhealththat have-Newslettersand onbeen continuing published and other medical and publicationsdistributed education professionsethicalevery member codes adheresgoverning to thesethe highest in the different regions policyailcommunity- actively aspects including andencouraging of workerheaith the allocationparticipation and developing and in distributiontonational protect occupationalsupporting ofand resources care forthe health theestablishment nation's service of a DevelopRead Educate and 1982- Toworkers literacypromote in readingthe urban and and improve rural areas TrainingResearch in studybook usageskills EdnaRegional Fitzgerald Co-ordinator (READ) ProvidespeakDevelop competently librariesreading and in writingresource- so as to CompetitionsBoxLibrary libraries administration to motivate children 7800WYNBERG21 Bower Road deprived schools DevelopProduceTeachingto read training communityaids materials outreach programmes ProjectTechnical(TAP) Assistance 1962- owltradeTo assistinforration uniions community with technical organisations problems and AdPublications Hoc advice on technical issues 80G1CAPE12 Louder TOWN Street TheDefunct Ecumenical Action 1982- To strengthen links between Campaign against forced removals 6th Floor Movement(TEAM) aroundEducateprogressive justiceand mobilizechristians issues churcl. members MediaEducationPolitical (Praxis) education in churches CnrATHLONELedger House cv Strs 111 NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES andStand,sationsWork oppressed with suffer other Becomeand progressive struggle a sign withoforgani- hope poor 7764ATHLONE ProgrammeTheology(TEP) Exchange 1982- Attemptsinformation South to Africa, contributeof both by church providingto the and trans- Theologyoppor- Arrangingcountries forto visitSouthpeople SouthAfricans from Africa selected to 7760ATHLONEP.O. box 5 sations,Socialtunities justice tofor be Christians exposedissues andto involved otherorgani- in insideLatinvisit America,countriesSouthern asAfricain well Asia, as Africacountries and Ledger6th Floor House serviceexperiences of the of poorthe Church at the theChurchA Resource Third and World theCentre peoplescountries on the struggle in ATHLONECnr Aden & Beverly Str. andCommittee Sex'.sm(CARE) Against in Education 1983- ofTo schools,racismchallenge and the andsexism, workplace, eradicate in text andall books, societyforms etc.Workshops, resources, seminars AtlanticRoom16 710,Corporation House 7th Floor Street Changed to ERASE at large Ph:8001CAPE 46 TOWN 1509 SupportConscientious(COSG) Group Objectors 1983- supE.,rtTo theirprovide standsto aobjectors, moral and andmaterial publicizes Bringsfor"Objectors" thoseout newsletter contemplating Runs an calledadvice objecting service CommitteeEnd Conscription 1983- societyTo oppose and the in militarisation particular to ofcampaign conscriptionNational campaign against WOODSTOCKP.O. Box 208 Restricted(ECC) andend organisetho to Southcompulsory around African theconscription Defence demand Forcofor into an 41CommunityPh:7925 Salt47 8818 River House Road ResearchInternational and InformationLabour 1983- To andprovide educational research materials information on bookletsProduction on ofrelevant short easilyissues readablein Eng. SALTP.O. BoxRIVER 213 112 Group(ILRIG) 2 andtheinternational other independent progressive labour trade community issuesunion movementfor or CollectionXhosa,relevant Zulu and audiovisualand development Sotho materials of "It) 147925 Community House NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS educational organisations in S.A. MAINandon international makingACTIVIT ESthese availablelabour themes on loan one SALT41CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Salt RIVER River Road workshops,To provide researcheducational information talks and etc. onCollectionin internationalthe W.Cape of printed labour information issues and RoomResearch 4.35 OfficeLeslie Bldg. storedcentrethe development andwhere may the be of informationconsulted a resource is U.C.T.Sociology Dept. AssistingotherResearch labour on with companies, movements international strikes, contacts ProductionandRunning international educational etc. labour workshops issues on S.A. Legal(LRC) Resource Centre 1983- dualscommunityTo provide in matters organisations free legalinvolving services and community indivi- to Thelecturer, provisionhandling workshops ofof legalseminars, mattersto community CAPE41Scott Church TOWN Building Street townshipof issueshousing, law,more education, consumerespecially matters,influx in the control, fields Assis once to and servicing of advicegroups/organisations offices on legal topics 8001 Lilac. ;983- To labourprovide and a non-hostilerelated fields enviroment Newsletter P.O. Box 93 To theforfight isolationlesbian homophobia women of individualin societyCape Town lesbians and OutreachForthnightly programmes meetings 7925SALT RIVER CommunityMission of Development Churches for 1933- To provide employment and advice for Community work training (including 247 Lower Main Road (MCCD) workersSkills Toand trainingraiseencourage employers the for statusself unskilled employment of domestic student:.)"practicals"trades)Skills training for social (mainly work Building OnSERVATORY1925 Novo Aio 1983- Toworkers provide a 24 hour service f0r 24Brick hours and telephonic block making advice centre service 211 Gibralter House 21; andadvice their and families information to diabetics EducationWorking with of patientsdaydiabetic hospital clinics staff 8001SEARegent POINT Road 21 113 NAME TheOF ORGANISATION Parent Centre LIFESPAN1983- AIMSself-confidenceTo strengthen effectiveness of parents by and provi- SpecialParentMAIN ACTIVITIES TrainingServices Programmesfor New Mothers CLAREMONT31CONTACTSADDRESSES Eden Road Tochildren'sding foster support the needs andself-esteem andinformation parental of children onskills Resources:andSpecialized Mothers Individual of workshopstoddlers counselling Ph:7700 61 9142/3 To professionalsrelationshipsdisseminateprevent break-down patenting and other in skillsfamily interested among LibraryLectures AssociationVukuhambe Cripple 1983- Topersons teach inone the another surrounding to work communities Making of leather goods, NY 2 No 1 To bemakesupplement self-reliantindependent the community grants of handoutsaware of the clothingactivitisParticipation and curtaining in sporting GOGOLETU7750 Advice Bureau on Mililary 1984- Toneeds help of people cripples clarify their position Runs a counselling service on Conscription(ABMC) towith theprovide regards alternatives information to military facing about service the some conscript andof dillemasregardingAlso offers of conscription.applications practical advice to Board advicethemof Religious to the appropriate Objectors/to people refer for Advice(A0F) Office Forum 1984- officesTo residentsco-ordinate who provideand the workers workadvice ofin toadviceparticular the evictions,whoTo supportprovide rent theadvice workincreases, on of housing, affiliates HANOVER77007 Town PARK Centre Affiliate Advice Offices areasBonteheuwel, Eastrioge, Heideveld, , Lancia, Lavender Hill, Logra,pensions,unemployment, maintenance, disability, legal grants, aid PH: 637 2898 Bellville Community 1984- ToSalt organise River, theSteenberg/Retreat, community around Woodstock, Worcester Discussion groups around health Dulcie House 114 Health Project ge..)i stronghealth civicissues organisation so as to build a Trainingissues of workers 9 21 1 U CentreOpp.KASSELSVLEI Bellville Civic 7533 TrustEducationCouncil for and Black Research 1984- LANGAP.O. Box 19 Jews (COBERT)for Justice 1984- To promote greater awareness amongst Periodic newsletters, public forums P.O.Ph: 62 Box 4197 13026 a) theFundamental Jewish community Jewish principle of SA ofbeforedignity, ofthe the Justice law and equality seminars,liaison forums,and relief support work. and MOWBRAYPh:7705 47 4809 b) The historical experience ofandabhorrinceJewish the oppression people, of allresultingin generalforms ofin and racisman the encouragingTo engage in an activities increased whichawareness assistsystem of apartheid in particular v Justandneedamongst itsandfor replacementthedemocratictha Jewishabolition communitysocialby aof non-racial, apartheidorder of the AgainstNational(NCAR) Removals Committee 1984- documentTo forcedresearch, theremovals government'sanalyse, publicise policy andof andCo-ordinate back-up workresearch amongst for affiliatesaffiliates CAPEP.O. TOWN Box 187 Branches Association5 affiliates, for Transvaal Rural Advancement Rural Action (AFRA) Committee (TRAC) 8000 SurplusGrahamstownPort Elizabeth People's Rural Anti-Removals Project Committee (SPP) (GRC) Committee - Cape Town (PARC) - DefunctNurses' Support Group 1984- nursesTo initiate can discuss support their groups frustra- where 0 22 Totions, familiarize conflicts nurses and difficultieswith their BEST COPY AVAILABLE 115 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN regardinginpolicies, anAIMS advisory theirmedical capacityrights aid and to sicknurses leave MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADORESSES Surplus(SPP) People's Project 1984- toTo theundertake eradication action of with forced contributes removals, ened with removals and to those alreadyAssistance moved. to communities threat- CAPE8001P.O. TOWN Box 187 Project of NCAR resettlement and relocation in S.A., Analysistrends of legislation, voting Ph: 638 5162 Publications,Support for rural Library. organisations. P.O.Josette Box Cole2580 Vumani Preschool Project 1984- bleotherTo workfor groups thewith care andteachers, andindividuals education parents responsi- ofand -produces preschoolpostersresources for workerssuch guidelines as and parents for Ph:8000CAPE 47 TOWN 9546 progressivevities,teachingyoung children, that methods preschool will to andhelp develop learningcurriculum to create resources, acti- fora -workshops-helps teachers-childmindersaspects withcurriculum teachers of the pre-schoolon to all South African children -organisematerials publishingdevelopstory-writing and new test groupsstories new teachingand -relates preschoolparents'other aspects experienceseducation of children's to in South and -analyses struggleeducationAfricathe role for thatplays liberation preschool in the broaderin Athlone Education Crisis 1985- Set -,:p during the education crisis S.A. Activities: mass rallies, media etc. P.O. Box 47 116 AffiliatedCommittee lo the NECC Consistsin 1985 of community and GATESVILLE NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS areaeducational organisations in Athlone MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Athlone Resource Centre 1985- To focusingorganisationsprovide resourceson service an a for limitedorganisations community basis organisationsResource centre based which in servicesAthlone 7764ATHLONELedger ifouse Beauty without Cruelty 1985- DulcieNEWLANDSP.O. Box Howes 97 Community Bellville Crisis Centre 1985- andTo helpfinancial the community assistance with legal aid CentreBELLVILLEKasselvlei Road Bonteheuwel Parents 1985- To support children affected by Legal aid PH: 951 5928 CapeSupport Educational Group 1985- Tostate actively repression challenge conservative QuarterlyAdvice newsletter, student Arnolds House Computer(CECS) Society tionand authoritarianwithin schools modes of instruc- Computerresourcesleadership Assistedo' camps, teacherLearning camps, Project computer, education, 7764ATHLONE45 Belgravia Road effectTo Toeducationenable instil more students controlconfidence andother teachersand their control to over CALP Ph: 637 0563 changingmoderntor atechnology, moreSouth assertive Africa preparing role in students a future, Assistanduse mediaofcommunity computers work organisations for administrative in the CapeAssociation Jewish Seniors 1985- personresourcesTo develop to remainthat community will in theenable services community the andaged Transport committee PH: 214636 Cape Town Drug Action 1985- Tofor educate,as long asinform possible and conscientise Educational activities P.O. Box 128 n 0 k 117 CommitteeNAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSthe general public about the damage MAIN ACTIVITIES CAPECONTACTS/ADDRESSES TOWN Centre for Adult & 1985- CACE is ofinvolved drug abuse in the promotion Formal training of adult educators U.W.C.8001 Continuing(CAcE) Education andwhichof adult oppressed serves and continuing theboth needs individually ofeducation the poor and 2yr.Educatorsie. Advanced Part-time of adults. Diploma 2yr Certificate for Educators for 7530BELLVILLEPrivate Bag X17 organizationally,non-racialcommitment democraticto the with attainment an society overall of a ComputerNon-formalof Adults. Literacy education & Information Ph: 959 2798 CACE-Informal,through: is committed non-formal, to achieving formal this teaching ResearchResourceProject (CLIP) onCentre Community Organisations to-Provision-Ongoing adult &research communityof appropriate educators resources Peoples(CORE) Education Project (PEP) Clothing(CLOWU/ Workers Union 1985- retrenchedTo provide workersrelief for striking and ConcernedDefunct Doctors Action 1985- Ad-hoc committee consisting of CommitteeIncorporated(CODAC) into NAMDA bymedicalprogressive state attentionrepression doctors for to those assist injured with QuantityConcernedIncorporated Surveyors Engineers into andDAG 1985- Democratic(DETU) Teachers Union 1985- democraticTo strive foreducation a single, system non-racial for all PoliticalNewsletters Education PHILLIPTP.O. Box 128 Toandcolour,South workunitary Africans sextowards Southor creed irrespectivethe Africa implementationin a non-racial of race of 7781 118 0 ei unitedTopeople's work non-racial towardseducation the teachers' in formation South bodyAfrica of one 4 ) CIA I NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN ToOur AIMSfight motto for is the"Educate rights to of Liberate" teachers MAIN ACTIVITES CONTACTSANDDRESSES Education(EDASA) for an aware SA 1985- schoolsteachersPromote in awarenessso an as open to workamongstsociety towards white- non open HouseMeetings/nformation Meetings RONDEBOSCHP.O.Gareth Box Rossitter 35 unityToracial, work etc towardsunitary nonand racialdemocratic teacher Contact 7700 AssociationEnglish-Speaking Parents 1985- operativeFoundation Development for Co- 19871985- To Tooperativesfacilitate look into inthe aspects rural development andof worldurban of visionareasco- NamaqualandAgriculturalDevelopment ofand co-operatives mineral co-op in AlanPH: Kaplan 71 5353 ResourceCommunityClosedIncorporated Association Development into CORA developmentthat could make use of co-opera ive HoutCo-ops Bay in Montagu, East coast and WelfareHealth, SocietyEducation of and 1985- To tealisationadvocate and of facilitate the spirit the of self- projectsFinding and funds granting for community-based material Dr 15N.E. Durham Alexander Avenue South(HEWSSA) Africa andreliance displaced among people the disenfraichised of Soutl Africa projectsand financial assistance to SALTP.O. BoxRIVER 378 To help workers who work in Gives advice on UIF, pension 79255th Floor OfficeHealth Workers Advice 1985- relatedhealthinsurance institutions problems fund, -pensions, unemployedwith work etc. fund, unfair dismissals, etc. CapeCorporationAtlantic Town House Street Health Workers Union 1985- membersTo regulate and their relations employers between and Givingfund; advice unfair on dismissals, UIF, pension etc. Atlantic80015th Floor House employment;theprotect members and infurther relation the tointerest their of Corporation8001CAPE rOWN Street NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS To promote the interest of the MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADD1ESSES membersdisputesTo encourage of conciliatory the settlement methods; of CAPE8000P.O. TOWN Box 4058 affectingmaylegislativeTo be promote, deemed the interestexpedient,orsupport other orofmeasures anyoppose,members proposed as To forinduceuseassist membershipevery allmembers legitimatepersons toin becomeobtainingwho means are members eligibleto and employmentmembersToretaining provide in employment connectionwhrilegal deemed assistance with necessary their to workers'To interestsco-operate organisations of with the andworking inassist the class generalother movement,relationshipsaction, andco-operation to amongpromote all and unity workers; close of matterswh1chTo counsellingrepresent may affecting be establishedmembers or conciliationmembers, on anyto and dealindustrial boardon with Human Relations Centre 1985- public,A body Government aimed at abolishingor other bodiesapartheid, P.O. Box 131 child-abuseandco-ordinatingimproving combating living self-helphunger, conditions, poverty projects and 8001CAPE TOWN Islamic Relief Agency 1985- oppressedTo give assistance and needy andcommunity relief into the Collectsprovides funds them for with the the needy essential and RaymoRoom 6 Building 120 Aw 93 11 South Africa goods 2 3 2 RYLANDSCnrRoads Ruth 6 Klipfontein NAME OF ORGAN ISATKA LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES CommitteeJournalist Solidarity 1985- Publishing Bulletin on Unrest 7760ATHLONEP.O. Box 181 iviitchellsCounter-Propaganda Plain 1985- propagandaSet up to counter in Mitchells state Plain Mostlyactivities Counter through - propaganda media, pamphlets Committee(Defunct) Orientationstickers etc. programmes study of P.O. Box 42 New Scnool 198- To forprepare secondary the primary education scnool pJpil WeekendWinterformal school camp subjects (1 week) 7900RONDEBOSCH AdviceNewspaper Office Vendors 1985- Toorganised workhelp towardsnewsvendors working improvement force to De an of their )lecreationaldrama.Educational music programmes, - film shows artwork, outings ElsiesriverMr 5thMoerat, Atlantic Shawcoor DWAHouse offices exploitationToworking prevent conditions or discourage and job child security labour BasicSubsidizedgames andadult sport soup-kitchenliteracy programme CAPEPh: TOWN 932 6326 Organisation for socia workers, psychologiss DirectCounselling Intervention services 5th Floor ServicesAppropriate(OASSSA) in S.A.Social sccialExamineand other and and socialpersonal research service p'eblems the causesworkers of MediaConferencesWorkshops and Research AdenATHLONELedger Avenue House L;hareTo relevantwork our with knowledgeand communities appropriate and skillsto socialhelp lhroJgh build service 7/64 workshopu,organisationsresources conferences, with progressive publications DefunctParent Action Commit.tee 2 31985- NyangaTo tionrally tostruggles parentsrally parents inof Lange,children around Guguletu educa- and A--I ).-11 0. 121 NAMEParent-Teachers-Students OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN1985- AIMSTo co-ordinate activities of various MediaMAIN ACTIVITIES ATHLONEP.O.CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Box 401 AffiliatesAssociation PTSA,AthloneP.T.S.A.'s Harold High, affiliated Cressy, Alexander Kensington,to Sinton,it BelgraviaKentemade PTSA,PTsA, BelharLivingstone, PTSA, CrystalRavensmead, Secondary, Schotsches Grassy Kloof, Park, Salt Heideveld River 7764 Ravensmead Worker Advice 196 PTSA,T., Trafalgarprovide legal PTSA, and Vista personal PTSA, Walmer Secondary, Windermere Advice on UIF, sick benefits etc. Goodhope Shopping Centre Bureau advice to workers 7490RAVENSMEADRoom No. 2 GroupRepression(RMG) Monitoring 1985- Toor assistmissing within locating medical thoseaid arrested As stated in the aims SALT41Community Salt RIVER River House Road parcels,Todetention/:irrest offerassist visitscounselling with co-ordinationand situation other in the arrangements post of food Ph:7925 47 7230/1 417 5021 To police/armycounsellingTowork assist closely families activitywith with crises commun_tythrough resulting support/ organi- from relevanttancesations and toinformation collect co-ordinate and disseminate relief assis- GroupSingle Parents Actio% 1985- Movement:241erp:oye.3 1985- AndTo organise contributeunemployed unempioyed Loabout the existingunity workers of resour-employed work for employed workers. CampaignsAnti-scabbing around and the other demands support of the SALT41General Community RIVER Secretary House 0 ces agencies and educational materials unemployed. giving.Workshops co-operatives and advice `'3 6 Ph:7925 47 9497 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES DwellersWestern(WCHDA) CapeAssociation Hostel 1985- of:people'sToLegal workbasic Rights for qualityliving anfor improvement familiesconditions,of life in in termsadult the ConditionsAdviceHealth Office, Project in Hostels and Upgrading 7455LANGAP.O. Box 39 Toeducation, familiesrightseek theof recreationalnearpeoplerecognition their to liveplaces offacilities withthe of Godgiven theirwork bodiesauthoritiesTo thocaliaise for Aims withthe together purposethe appropriate with of achievingother Branches of WCHDA , Strand, Kuilsriver, Langa, Nyanga and Guguletu. as Politiciseto fight the the migrant people labourin the systemHostels WesternUnion Cape Teachers 1985- sexist,To struggle democratic for a unitary,and free non- adviceEstablishing bureau, resource benefit centres, fund WYNBERGP.O. Box 18306 (WECTU) secondarycompulsoryeducation level systemeducation as on part allof ofprimarylevels, oJr and theoryResearch, and studypractice and ofdiscussion education of 7824 exploitationAfrica,struggle freefor aof non-racial oppression South and WestBranches Coast Council of j.W.C.,1985- Athlone, Athlone East, Athlone Central, Southern Suburbs, Northern 3uburbs, Cape Town To promote unity Advice Office Programme, P.O. Box 46 Churches To-ovement enablebecome peoplea grassroot to participate ecumenical at all Education and Training SALDANHA7397Diazville Towitness Tolevelswork respond towards according the renewal to our and common change Ph: 0228] 41984 Western Province Black 1985-! of our present unjust society 2 14 123 SportsNAME OF FieldORGANISATION Association LIFESPAN AIMS CoursesMAIN ACTIVITIES in English, History 21 CONTACTS/ADDRESSESAlfred Street ProjectYoung Workers Education 1985- completeworkers,Providing theirwho tutor have normal aids not forschoolbeen young able career to PH:7925SALT 47 RIVER 0495 Ad-HocBoycott Academic Committee 1986- Ad-Hoc"theprogressives committeeO'Brien affair"at set U.C.T. up by in wake of boycottTo implementationlook at issues ofconcerning the academic the ResourceCommunity(CORA) Association Development 1986- developmentOffersties trainingin the consultation Cape and throughorganisation to workingcommuni- with StimulatingTheco-responsibilitydevelopment facilitation initiative-taking, workshop of and organisation leadership specific to the 7925WOODSTOCK6 Beach Road humanAssistingcommunigroups development,a-cl ies processes agencies purposeful ofserving individual these change Theconcernedorganisation, training of group change-agents/ or project Ph: 47 9007 andthe groupsdemocratic community transformation organisations in variouswillcommunity join organisations togetherworkers-where with - throughmemberstrainees aof workwillseries inbe theinterspersed of trainee'straining withworkshopsorganisation ongoing which bothTheor organisationsproject provisionto individuals of consultancy and to services trainingTherequested organisations in specific of themes,workshops where and CommitteeConcerned Parents 1986 Carelse,theTo organisetransferral principal protest of Porter ofogainst Glendale MediaRallies 124 TeacherFederation - Student of Parent - 4.c)3 0 1986- educationHighTo strive infor a asingle, unified non-racial system of As in aims r) , C/oBELHAR Suikerbossie Road NAMEOFORGANISATION LIFESPAN ANS MAJNACTMTIES CONTACTWORESSES WesternAssociationPTSA'S Cape educationTodemocratic organisationsprovide to aSA/Azania setforum without for toa discussiondirectunite allinterest on electedestablishmentToin educationwork S.R.C.'S,towards of the democratically-P.T.S.A.'S growth and and educationaP.T.A.'S democratic at schoolssystem ofand alternative strive for Inter Faith Forum 1986- asbetweenSet to up maximise tovarious co-ordInate their religious contribution activities groups so in pamphlets,Activities: media Inter-faith services, CommunityC/o41 Salt HouseRiver Road the struggle for Christian justice 2nd7925SALT Floor RIVER Barclay Centre FundingKagiso TrustAgency 1996- centrescommunity:o fund and organisations,community co-operatives projects resource such as 7764ATHLONEFindor, Street P.O.7764ATHLONE Box 403 Labour(IRS) Researe- Service :986- engagedTo Trainingprovide in wageresearchof researchers bargaining support to unions WageCompanyBargaining Analyses Profiles Reports SALTP.O.7925 RIVERBox 376 PublicationSeminars:raining and briefing SALT41/ corruni'y Salt RIVER River House Road Workshops on arrest and detention Ph:Institute 47 167r of Criminology ProjectLegal(LEAP) Education Action 241986- t ofLeap nCriminology aimsis a toprolect help at peopleU.C.T.of the understandInstitute Specializedpowers of police workshops to use on forcerequested etc. U.C.T.Private Rag 2 A " 125 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSIttheir aims legal to link rights the question of legal topicsMAIN ACTIVITIES Rondebosch7700CONTACTS/ADDRESSES ThesationsrightsIt aim assists towithof its LEAP court individualssocio-economic is casesto pass & organi-on context skills peopleItand works notgenerally to mostly do all do in thenot rural work.have areas themsell.es where acceas National language Pro;ect 1986- To tcpromote legal theassistance need for functional Publish a quarterly newsletter (NLP) lives;languagescommunicative of the skills region in inall whIch the one policy,pro;ectsfacilitate planning,and iss.lesdialogue teaching in about language and language to MOWBRAY1100P.O. Box 13013 To Tofrancapromote facilitate of English a close as theworking lingua re_ation- South Africa; forRunlearning beoinnersXhosa conversation procedures. from community classes organi- for XOWBRAY23Ph: l'ohn 685 7288Street aresnips involved among In thoseteacning organisations lang.,:aqe which c17. dualssations are a:soand unionscatered although for. indivi- 1100 o_ts:dewnichlitracy are of worxing andstate second con:rol:eain :hislanguage instts. level area and conversation.teachersR.in tutor cf F.rig:Ish training and courses Xnosa for Wet:yrsNat.ona: cc-o:oina:tn1l:nemploye.1 - Wes:e:r d-rte:s:pmcvra:y ,.-e7p.oyea Wosur%...nemp.oyedIn Capt., co-orth-.a%e c:oan:sations ir S..pera-3 Flcor -ra!inrs An civic ano ccly :z,nr,17.%:nq ot l!Cs ar.p 1' 0 126 ,r1 2 4 07{,- .1 i 2V . 4 7700 Petitions, mass rallies, media etc. Ph: 686 4026 DefunctCommitteeSave Bradley from Prison 1986- violenceTo childrenharshfocus sentencespublic on charges attention imposed of public onon theschool moralsto focus of general issues publicof sentence in Stream Education Movement 1986- IncreaseSteenberg, awareness Retreat, amongst Education students MediaWorkshops HEATHFIELDP.O. Box 14 1986- To organise the unemployed worker in Co-operativesPolLtical Education Superama Building Unemployed Workers Union betweenTothe createWestern the a Capeemployedforum of andcommunication unemployed PoliticalTraining education ATHLONE Capeunemp.oyedTo wo:k towards structure the formationin the Western of one EnglishUse Spoken(USWE) and written 1986- overno theirformal lives schooling by learning gain more basichelp control adult workers with little or -To train providepatoryfacilitators methodsthem within of partici- theteaching skills and for 7700RONDEBOSCH1 College Road participationthoseEnglish that and will Inallied a promotedemocratic skills, effective includingsociety -To providenuingteaching facilitators support English in with literacy.the conti-form of -To researchseminars,lesson and develop, planningresources, test and help andevaluation with participationandevaluate materials basic inwhich education the promotelearning- methods leatne. BEST COPY AVAILABLE -To researchandteaching the to needfor help process set literacy up new groups and o -To co-operateof adultorganisationscentres education with other working progressive in the field 246 127 NAMEWynberg OF ORGANISATIONCrisis Committee LFESPAN1986- AIMStoCrisis provide Committee service set for up those during affected '86 serviceProvidesMAIN ACTIVESfor legal all andvictims counselling of state OONTACTSAIDDRESSES Abortion Reform Action 1987- Setby state up to repression campaign for reform pressurizeTorepression employ various the authorities methods to into believingeventualabortionregarding legalizationandthethat tolegal every campaign position women of abortionfor has ofthe the abortionre-assesing their position on Concerned Parents 1987 To finalco-ordinate prerogative activities during CatholicCommittee Educational Ald 1987- Tocrisis provide at Lange financial High and support Bursary fund Getti Mercorio (Mr) Programme Westernandservices tertiary Cape to level scholars students (Std 9in the & 10) 8001CAPE37A SomersetTOWN Road EducationCommunity(CER) ResourcesResearch 1987 AimsattachedIt tois makeanto independentU.C.T. research and resources resources project at to Research,community making academic research accesible and available U.C.T.Oppenheimer3rd Floor Building Development Action Group 1987- Toorganisations U.C.T.contribute more towardsineasily the communityavailableplanning ofto the Offers advice on problems related P.O. Box 15873 (DAG) mentphysicalequitableit shoulda belief enviroment contributeand that efficient planningthat towards has distribution andwithin an develop- on problems with rates/rents, home- ownershipto the built schemes, enviroment maintenance eg. advice etc. 8018VLAEBERG Disabled People SA 1987- To offight resources for the rights of disabled Friends of Distric Six 1987- developmentSixTo co-ordinate ot a non-racialthe campaign District for the authoritiesrelevantPetitions, local putting and nationalpressure on 128 Goldfields Centre 2 4 1987 developmentThe promotion of of teachers the profesional by means of mathsFormal 6in-service science teachers training for of the 2 4 CapeUniversity of the Western NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN symposiumsAIMSin-service & conferencescourses, workshops, OutreachdepartmentMAIN programme ofACTIVITIES education for schools- BELLVILLEP.O. BoxCONTACTS/ADDRESSES X17 onThe a provisionloan basis of resource materials trainingThecomputer Genesis programmeassisted Project educationfor - Holidayhigh-school 7530 onThe Initiationscience use of &the mathematicsand Plato Publication computer education ofsystem research students TeachersResources Resource for schools Centre, Guguletu. seminarssubjectsResearch andactivities other consiousness into various Rands - Off 1987- Campaign to win public support for Media,raising rallies activities Campaign 1987- development of 06 into non-racial area Political education Legal aid P.O. Box 6139 Lawyers for Human Rights ruleandTo uphold committedof law the toright a society of individuals based on WorkshopsPublications Ph:STELLENBOSCH 02231 3189 WesternMfesane Cape 1987- An delf-helpteachesecumenical people Christian the principle project ofwhich Projects:Sewing club,Educare senior Centre, citizens club DemocraticNational(NADEL) Associatl-n Lawyers of 1987- beliefsTo fulfilmentuphold and and commitments andto striveattainment infor the theof the In terms of aims and objectives CAPE26th LongTOWN Floor Street To systewdevelop,just,preamble of equitable, promotelaw which and accessibleshall maintain be fair, toa and 8001 andCharterTounderstood supportany otheron byHumanand allsuch promote and document People's the Africanconsistent Rights 24`j ToAssociationwith strive the aimsfor theand abolitionobjectives of of ihe this 129 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN Todeath affiliateorAIMS penalty international, to any organisation, having aims localand MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES CouncilAssociationobjects consistent provided with by thethose General of the organisationsofTo legalrender assistance and involvedco-ordinate to inpersons matterste rendering and toToaffecting assistand arising merl-ershuman from rights in their matters profession relating throughresearch,To assist financial practisethose who grants, or wish teach tolaw lawstudy, clinics either methodsToor intootherpromote alternative:of institutions admissionthe study legaltoof theand education legalresearch Plain Aid 1987- Aprofession; community welfareand legal organization institutions Activities: Runs Soup Kitchens Not available Mitchell'sconditionsaimed specifically Plainfor children at improving in ProjectRural Legal of LegalServ!ccs Resources 1987- To theprovide rural a areaslegal aid service for areasRunning a legal aid service in rural C/o Legal Resource Centre CAPE41 Church TOWN Street CentreCommitteeTransport Co-ordinating 198/ To frqht increase in bus fare.; MediaDelegations PH:8001 23 828S UniversityDefunct of the Western 1987- To actively contribute in the strugg2b Workshops, Seminars etc. secretary 130 DemocraticCapeUWCADE Association Educators of () r 4 t) L oppressiondemocracyto build a inandnon-racial S.A. exploitation free participatoryof all forms jf i L. '/ PrivateU.W.C.UWCADE Bag X17 NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN ActivelyAIMS working towards progressive MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSESBELLVILLE participatoryeducation,loping a byprocess andwhich collective ofis democratic,meant deve- 7530 priatecontentteaching alliances which and is rigourous withrelevant progressive researchand appro- educationgroupingsdemocratic andoff movementincampus, the mass both in apartheidresearchParticipating inSouth construction through Africa teaching of a post- and directWorkingof Influencingthe say universitytowards in thepolicy giving administration's making students in alla areas academicdecision-makingeducatorsStriving organisation for with aprocess nationalsimilar of and the beliefsassociation inuniversity the and of Wynberq Resource Centre 1987- Providescommitments resources to community Has resources on broad range of P.O. Box 315 Child Care int,Itmation :988- organizationso provioe a comprehensive inform- Counsellingtopics service to farrd les of MrsWynberg De Waal Centre healthation serviceand development on all aspects of child childrenInformation with handicapsservice (by visit, 7700RONDEBOSCH47 Sawkins Road To familiesTout..idrenpublish provide aofwith directory counsellingchildren special ofwith needs andservices handicaps advice for to letter, telephone) on all aspects bothof Playchild at groupsthe health centre and and toy developmmnt library sessions in the Ph: 685 4103/4 TosessionsRun participate toy libraryat centre in and formal and play community academicgroup withcommunityRook handicaps lending for preschool library andchildren resource 250 andfield non-formalin health, teachingeducation programmes and welfare materialeducationalA directory ofand services welfare onfacilities health, 25e1 131 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSTo liaise with appropriate community MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES organisations andbothA teachingfor students formally children programme and for with informally health specialon handicapsworkers needsto organisationsAvarious liaison community service working groupswith in community the field withCollaborativeneedsof handicap appropriate or research children and community programmes with special Affiliates of or affiliated to Western Cape Forum for the Mentally Handicapped, Voluntary Aid Bureau, organisations Libraries association, Aspect, DetaineesWelfare society, Treatment Cape Centre Town. 1988- Child Health Unit attached to department of To provide a centre for the treating Paedeatricts - U.C.T. med school.Provides a counselling service for Ledger House Child of ex-detainees ex-detainees Ph:ATHLONE7764 696 7127 HealthEducation,(EAHRU) Resource Aavice, Unit 1988- -racial,sationNon-profit, committed non-exploitative health to serviceworking society organi-for a innon SA Runs a Health Clinic in Heideveld 8001CapeP.O. TownBox 4019 ManenbergProject Research 1988- To insocio-econ=icdevelop Manenberg an understanding conditions ofobtaining the organisationsrequestedDevelops researchby community in Manenberg projects as ATHLONEP.O. Box 5 -WesternNational(Restricted DetaineesCape Region ior..m Dec. 1988) 1988- whicnFormed was as restricedthe successor early to in the 1988 DPSC Media, projects CommunityC/o R.M.G. House Snalom Diaconto 1988- To contribute to the process of 7925SALT41 Salt RIVER River Road 132 (Shddla) ef) 50 democrati/ing(1realizing 986) "Stand!nq the the confession church where andGod of StInds" ContactSettingResource up groups,Centre, of fraternal, workshops. 25t; WynbergNGRev. Sendings R. Botman Kerk Offices NAMESocial OF ORGANISATION Worker's Forum LIFESPAN1988- AIMSTo work towards the formation of an To MAINwork ACTIVITIES towards the building of a P.O.CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Box 126 majoritybasedalternative on ofthe our People'swill people and welfareneedss ofsystem the progressiveTounited represent welfare welfare the movement interest movement of all 7764ATHLONE Cassette(CASET) Education Trust 1989- cassetteDevelping as the a mediumfunctions of communicationof the audio- organisations;producingfacilitating programmes; runningproductions training for democraticand education organisations that can be used by Talkingpamphlets.workshops, Newspaper and producing training BecameTalking CASET Newspapers in 1989 1989 WesternFront Cape Education 1989- To people'stake forward education the struggle for SchoolAfrican Teachers Pre-primary ELRUc/o Zwelekazi AssociationAfrikaanse Ge:ettercineld Materials in for newly A magazine designed to provide 1 College Road Toadult literatepromote literacy informaland classesother co-operation workers attending Writing,issuesinfomation affecting translation on a wideworkers' rangeand productionlives of 7700RONDEBOSCH amongAfrikaans organisations literacy providing of learningrequestedotner articles, group by organisations booklets, oretc. as Belhar is,ATiC Project called "SlyazInceda CommitteeEyoiuntu(PeninsulaFood Co-ordinating Gardens Weltate tinlimited Forum) MonthlyschemesActivities Markets and of co-operatives aboutco-ordinates tne 15 self help (We help Ourselves) SA1R8BridgettePh: 686 Scobel6645 CASA - Counselling f To provide counselling and infer- 24hour counselling service via Telecall 21 5426 1')C5 ( 133 NAME OFService ORGANISATODN UFESPAN AIMSmationon gay-related issues MAINeveryas well ACTIVITES Tuesday as a counsellingbetween 5 and clinic 9pm CONTACTS/ADDRESSES GroupHIV Positive Support H1VpersonsCommunity related who support illnessare HIV services orAB+, AIDs have for an SocialEducationCounselling Support Service Group ROGGEBAAIP.O. Box 126 RestrictedofNational (NEUSA)South AfricaEducation Union Phillipisettlement)(Low Cost Resource Housing Centre informal ActionSocial Trustand Community Funds community projects CAPEP.O. TOWN Box 6184 UWCFunding(SCAT) - SRC Agency Resource 8001 CentreHealth Workers Associatior WorkersSouth African Congress Health GroupRavensmcad(SAHWCO) Monitoring 134 2 F5 POLITICAL PREUMINARY1 NOTES haveOrganisations explicitly politicalincluded goals here butare whichthose arewhich not CommitteeCampaign',paigns. Examples for 'Free the theDefence are Children the of 'SaveDemocracy Alliance', the Press have and ORGANISATIONS 2 ganisations,organisationsBetweenregistered1960. 1957 asOthers the political and areANC like1969listed. and parties.the only PAC, TwoNEUM two wereimportant new decided banned political toor- in work arisen in response to repression. lishmentBlackresre)emergencein a in low-keyed, Consciousnessthe of early SACOS. of 1970s semi-undergroundpolitical Movement with organisations the growthand way.the occur-ofestab- The the 3 committeesActionAnti-SAICpoliticalBetween Committee issues.1980 werecommittee and formed Some managed1982 and ofaround aThe thesenumber to Disorderly bring explicitlysuch of the actionas Billdif-the commonthesertedhoweverferent 1950s, political theissue political ideologicalreemerged. for tendencies a periodorganisations, differences of together time. which apparentBy around 1983 reas- in a 4 ganisationsBetweenFiveAfricaInstitute Freedoms 1985(IDASA), for have Democratic and Forumbeen 1988 Cape formed, 23(1-H-,), AlternativesDemocrats, new of politicalwere which aimed inand Souththeor- the at 5 organisinglishmentUnder ofthe theamongthese states 'white three whiteof consistuency'. emergency,organisations people. The political aimed estab- at or- tionssignificanttinueganisations theirwere work.number haveformed Asfound of toa ad response conduct ithoc very political difficult to several repression, organi to cam- con- sa- a 135 African(Banned: NAMENational OF in ORGANISATION exile)Congress 19601912-LIFESPAN racialThe ANCAIMS movement seeks to of forge all democratica broad non- 'POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS educationPolitical MAINmobilisation ACTIVITES and CONTACTS/ADDRESSES FreedomelementsItsthe apartheiddemands Charter pledged are stateto contained the overthrow within of the MovementNon-European Unity 1943- oppressionThe liquidation of Non-Europeans of the national in South Political mobilisation and MovementChanged(NEUM) to in New 1985 Zinity baseddisabilitiesAfrica, on thatthe groundsandis thethe removalofrestrictions race ofand all education areEuropeanscolour, at present and of acquisitionall enjoyed those byrights by the the which Non- Pan African Congress PAC 1959- PACEuropean identified population its ultimate goal as Political mobilisation and Banned:(PAC) in exile 1960 Africans'governmentDemocracy'the achievement for politically ofthe theof Africans 'AfricanAfricans defined Socialistby theas a education DemocraticSouthAfrican Africa People'sUnion of 1961- peoplenationalTo struggle in oppressicvl South for Africa,the liquidationof thethat oppressed is, ofthe mobilisationPolitical education and ERKENFONTEINP.O. Box 615 (APDUSA) theracerestrictionsremoval whole and of colour,nation all based disabilities ofand onthose acquisition the democraticgrounds and by of thesmallrights white section enjoyed people of at the present population by only namely, a conventionBlack People's , 19711473- blackTo provide people a whopolitical could nothome reconcile for all LeadershipConferences training community 136 Be;rined(BPC) 6 framethemselves works of with separato working dovolopmont within the projects 2 4 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES ConsciousnessToand Topreach to formulate Promote the andphilosophy blackan Blackeducational solidarity Solidarity of Black policy for societyToblacks create and maintain an egalitarian SportSouth African Council of 1973- To playadminister, non-racial organise, sport inpromote a non-racial and P.O.Councilc/o WesternBox of277 Spozt Province (SACOS) society Political education and ATHLONE 46 Halt Road OrganisationAzanian(AZAPOi People's 1919- mobilisephilosophyTo conscientise, black of workers Black politicise Consciousnessthrough and the in mobilisation Alsimo7490ELSIES building RIVER Restricted anTorightsorder educationalwork to towards strive system thefor establishmenttheir that legitimatewill of ToAzaniansrespond promote creatively an interpretation to the needs of of Torelevantreligion work towards toas oura lioeratory thestruggle unity philosophyof the peopleoppressedland, of wealth Azaniafor the and ;ust power distribution to all the of CommitteoCape Anti-L;A:C 1981- opposeTo unite the all South oppositional African Indian groups to Joint Action 1982- ToCouncil unite Elections all oppositional groups in Joint Action CommitteeDisorderlyLeague grew(Cape Bills out Action Action of DBAC) 2 6 1983 MovementCapePersons Town and toBill Settlementoppose and thethe PresidentsofOrderly Black " 6 t.) 137 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSCouncil MAIN ACTIVES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Cape(CAL) Action League 1983- problemsstandsThe organisation that is the systemcause of the ofof CAL allracial under-worker tionPolitical mobilisation and educa- CAPECorporation609 Atlantic TOWN Street House organisationsthisThecapitalism strugglesystem and ofof needsthethe workersexploited the unity is and againstof the 8001 Release Mandela Committee 1983- Thenprressed release of political leaders PetitionsRallies RestrictedUnited(UDF) Democratic Front 1983- whoTo national unitereject all apartheidUNITED freedom-loving DEMOCRATIC into one peopleFRONT educationPolitical mobilisation and 41Community Salt River House Road Call of Islam 1984- To disseminate the truth which is 7925SALT RIVER tothe eradicate MuslimIslamic organisations messageinjustice and towith mobilise others ingPublicisesSeminars the political Muslim situationopinion concern- 7764CATESVILLEP.O. Box 578 CommitteeAthlone People's Action 1985- thecommunityTo co-ordinatestruggles organisations of activities 1985 set of upvarious during constituentCo-ordinationMedia, rallies organisations of activities of CommitteeBishopConcerned [alas People Action of 1985- organisationsduringTo co-ordinate the strugglesoperating the activities ofin 1985Lavistown of MediaHouse visits Let South(LSAS) Africa Speak 1985- destructiveTo mobilise deadlockpublic opinion threatening on the the relatedIntermittent to these special aims projects P.O.Messrs Box DJ 160 & AD Baigrie LSAS 138 267 To thecountryencourage voice ofthe moderation man in the to streethave their and with car lights on, onagidays and Fridays.Wear yellow ribbons or stickers and 6O 7725NEWLANDS NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN To sayAIMSassist in promoting greater aware- MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES controlledandavoidingstructiveness of political mentalinter-community restricted colonisation options activities;mediaand by con- state MovementModerate People's 1985- New Unity Movement 1985- Southindependent,To build Africa a single innon-racial wnich undivided, the and interests democratic of "ThePublications: Origin and "Bulletin": Development quarterly of Political education and mobilisation P.O. Box 18519 7824WYMBERG Tobethe ruralparamountbuild workers poorthe andunityunder the theof rural workersleadership poor and shall of tne Cong.:est", "Nosipno Majeke", "TheW.P.segregation solevan Schoorof inthe S. Missionaries Africa" in exploitationnationalworking class liberation in the andstruggle freedom for from "APDUSA"Mnguni""Three HundredViews" aboutyears" 4 p.a. educationalsystemThefor7s dismantling and - political, ofand Apartheid culturalof the economic, Homelandsin all itssocial, parliamentTo Toestaolish end foreign a single domination-political democratic servobattleand economic-and int, against cause all ofto foreignlocalwage relentlessagents dom.:natter who Ad-Poc C"t":"Eltoc and exploltat:on !:Itt SeC.;:lt.y De!.PW'New Rop!,:., : t't en. PropOsea cy 4,A...cate ono w,ra (A 6;1 ri. t !ocronsien H.. 139 NAME DemocraticTheOF ORGANISATION Institute Alternative for a UFESPAN1986- AIMSTo racesencourage to reject South apartheidAfricans andof all MAINwhichWorkshops,contact ACTIVITIES whites withSeminars, are the brought views Conferences intoof the in TheWayneCONTACTS/ADDRESSES1 NationalPenzance Mitchel OfficeRoad Westernfor South(IDASA) Cape Africa discoversenseracial of anand thealternative democratic word thatin the is truenon- majorityandResearch, the collecting publications of skills and MOWBRAY7700 Tooffor allayingmobilise assista post-apartheid people theirthe skills, tofears acceptsociety knowledge and as worka andway resources for various endeavours experienceSouththe communities Africa of all thosein the who crisis can ofhelp aTo nationwide solutionsprovlde forums tobasis South andto Africa'sfindopportunities democratic problems of Branches Transvaal,racialgenu.,neTo assist and negotiation indemocraticNatal, creating Eastern towards Southa climate Cape, Africaa non- westernfor Cape, National Office Al3ianceFree the Children 1986- Todetained ensurework towards childrenthat children the freeing will ofnot all in Directthehealth mortalityaction and nutritionto rateimprove amongst and child reduce very 7925SALTP.O. BoxRIVER 73 To nationallyfuturecreate beawareness detained on this issue fedToyoung ensure children that children are properly circumstancesourTo findconcern appropriate about under the whichways violent ci.i(drenof expressing To support, strengthen and parks,provisionment existing running of creches, effortsof pre-schools, recreationalsuch as play supple- in S.A. grow theSharinggroup more andformal providing educational resources in 140 Toenvironment intoestablish Southernfocus on a Africaproblemschildren's facing institute children NAMEBannedMbeki OF ORGANISATION Reception Committee LIFESPAN19881987- AIMSfromactivitesTo co-ordinate prison for after Govan the 24 welcoming Mbekiyears released Allconnection actionMAIN ACTIVITIES and with activities this welcoming in CONTACTS/ADDRESSES CommitteePalestine Solidarity 1987- publicTo thecreate peopleawareness a greater of Palestinefor support-basethe struggles and of Seminars, publications United(USF) Stellenbosch Front 1987- To aroundorganisationsco-ordinate social progressive andin Stellenboschpolitical issues Massapartheidtothe Rallies,fight white injustices community media, mobilizing causedof Stellenbosch by CommitteeAzanian(AZZACCO) Co-ordinating 1988- BlackTo co-ordinate consciousness the activitiesorganisations of CapeRestricted Democrats 1988- aTo unitary strive Southfor one Africa person free one from vote all in OrganisingP.O. Box Secretary21 committedlargeToforms bring numbersof whiteoppressionto the into South democratic an Africansorganisation mcvement in 7925SALT RIVER allcreatingTo buildcommunities forumsnon-recialism canwhere work democrats in together practice from by throughcraticTo broaden principlesinteraction our understanding and with practices organisations of demo- Toof realitieseducatethe majority ourselves of our country about theand to over- Tocome ergs.ofspeak ourapartheid committedoutfears against andand toprejudicesin the thesupport injusticessame ofstruggle other Committee for the 198E3 273 141 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES RestrictedDefence of Demo.zracy againstTo 17take restricted theup astate's campaign organisations proscription of protest in ofMarch Five Freedoms Forum 1988- We1988 urge all South Africans to join P.O. Box 275 Western Cape Region Freedomtheseus in freedomsstriving from want shalltowards prevail a society CAPE8001 TOWN FreedomFreedom from offrom fearconsciencespeech discrimination and association CommitteeMandelaRestricted Birthday 1988- 70thTo forco-ordinate birthday celebration activities of Nelson planned Mandela's MediaPublicityPlanning activities MandelaCommittee Reception 1988- NelsonactivitiesSet up Mandelato preparearound possibleand co-ordinate release of Mass rally Save the Press 1988- Toin ourdeveloppursue declaration thecloser objectives co-operation mentioned with newsTraining agencies in media work, photo 4 VLAEBERGPh:P.O. 240 Box978/9 15558 presentactnationallythe mediaas aclampdown broadin and all frontinternationally its and forms, againstrestrictions locally, the and to ofTo restrictionsthework S.O.E. with othersunder are beingwhichtowards imposedthe the latest end discipline,accordanceProcure and withwithoutdisseminate the stateprinciples information intervention, of our in harrassment or detention , 142 TotheseFree air accessobjectives views andand movementopinions inof pursuingpeople 41'0 4 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSpoliticaland organisations and ideological regardless affiliation of their MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES To Tothecauseact associate interestsand we campaignconsider with of theontoany behalfbe peoplemovement humane ofwe andanyorserve in objectivesorganisation in pursuing these Community House ClosedCommitteeSave the Sharpville Six 1988 To Sharpvillethecampaign death for sentencesSix the commutirg imposed ofon the Rallies, petitions, media etc. salt41 7925Salt River River Road Western(WCBG) Cape Book Group 1988- booksellers7o involvedbuild solidarity inand books, librarians amongst including all printers,people Petitions, campaigns pickc.ts, against mediapress restrictions releases, bookrestrictionsTo collect trade informationin onparticular the media, about and workon the towards the lifting of all Save7orestrictions support tne Press the on Campaign objectivesthe media of the AgainstWoo,stock(WORAGA) Group Residents Areas 1988- Tott.e inginformcampaign amendment the peopleGroup against Bill Areasof issuesgroup amendment areassurround- B111and To removalssupportoppose a): ,.hosein fernsthe affectedcountry of forced by the Bill UpingtonCommittee Support 1989- To ofassist the Upingtonthe families 26 and and those dependents who were termsSupport of workobjectives as determined in Atlantic710/711 7thHouse Floor i by subsequentlymagisterial proclamationdetained or restricted CAPE8000Corporation TOWN Street 4, 91'1,( 0 PRELIMINARY NOTES ORGANISATIONSSTUDENT AND YOUTH 2I wereIncalconcernedThe the issues. youth established. 'silent inorganisations 1960s'some They way four were with student listed all social concerned here organisations and are politi- those with BlackBCMsociety.the1970s achievement groupings.Consciousness Theythere waswere of In justiceclose the linkedMovement late link, and to equalityigereligious and between the in radi- and the the 1960s and early ofapparentlyChristiancal radicalImam Christian Haroun MuslimInstitute. influenced groups, in Students The1969 byparticularly Muslim theand Association death in students throughin detention of were Souththe 1974 the more 3 severalwereInAfrica 1980sthe established federalwas established. structures, and in the emerged. first half Theof the twenty) three1970s additional organiincluding nine new student organisations majorityment,lim,includeone orANC and ofother ideologies these more (non-racial), of organisations theexplicitly linkedpolitical BCM, socialistto aregroupingsAfrikaner, Unityaffiliated traditions. Move- which Mus- to 54 tosincea21 wide formedA co-ordinatenew number1985. political student during of and spectrumvarious thestudent youth education protestof organisationsorganisations have stniggles actionsbeen formed across in andwere 1985 144 needsorganisationspolitical of detainededucatwn were students programmes.established and their to Inaddress families. addition, the NationalNAME OF ORGANISATION Union of SA 1924-LIFESPAN ToAIMS bring st:dents together on STUDENT AND YOUTH ORGANISATIONS the PublicationsSeminarsMAIN and ACT) conferences VITES OBSERVATORY131 LowerCONTACTS/ADDRESSES Main Road Students(NUSAS) provideadvancebasisand ofresolution atheirtheir forum commonstudenthood for of the theirinterests examination differences to Newsletter 7925 DefunctAfrikaanse Sti:dentedond 1933- ProtestantonlySectional to student Christianity organisationwho profess and identity open ofwith Afrikaner the Christian nationalism national ideology Mostly serinars and publications DefunctUnionPeninsula Sti..dents' 195] Oppositionwitninbeca'..se'7IcrLEN the and-it Drstudent wasto:al VOS designed MALAN' relectionideas toschoolingaf create 4nferi-of OppositionorityDeranduniversity and derocratic racialand apartheid total exclusiveness syster:election of educationof Catnolic Students 1961- ofToin SAhignerorganise learning st:;dents at instittions PoliticalConferences Education and leadership courses CampusUniversity Co-ordinator of Western Cape AfricaAssociation(CASA) rif Snl.t-ern To Fosteringbileadership Id strong and andpropagating responsible a Cnristilan outlookandt.triving unity on life to attalc oolce, :;st!ce MovementUniversity hTriutiat, :969_:9(2 To andbring ;ust about society a riore equitable ConferencesTrainingFormation courses of schools Literacy and adult education 145 NAME OF ORGANISATION BannedOrganisation(SASO) LIFESPAN1977 AIMSTo studentsandheighten understanding their sense among of all black awareness NewsletterLeadershipConferencesMAIN ACTIVITIES training and seminars CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Todevelopmentand inbecome encourage politics, a platformof themblackeconomics to forpeople become theand theinvolved social Students relief fund To imagesionproject of blackthe black opinions consciousness expres- BannedBlack Mamba 1970- mbbilisetneTo conscientise,philosophy black youth of politicise BCthrough in order and to Political Education SouthMuslim Africa Youth Movement of 1970- To lifestriveestablish so foras thetotheir achieveIslamic legitimate system rights of Missionary work Room 6 Raymo Building TosalvationAllah's build pleasureup in and the develop Hereafteron earth an andIslamic centrescreationIslamic of press economic and Islamicinstitutions, book RYLANDS7764Cnr Ruth 6 Klipfontein Rds Tosocietalpersonality project level the at Islamican individual message and to ProvidingPublication scholarships of literature Muslim Students 1974- MuslimsTo establish as well theas non-Muslimscomprehensive Weekly study circles in order to Room 6 Raymo Building AfricaAssociation(NSA) of Sojth Tosystemdynamic organise of and Islam. andrevolutionary mobilise the value Muslim Seminars,be implementinformed camps, itabout conferences Islam and Cnr7764BYLANDS Ruth I Klipfontein Rds MSAstLdents projects in order to activate the PublicationsaudiovisualsEstablish libraries - "INQILAALS" - books and un,ty Youth 19161974- discussTo bring social youth issuestogether so as to Discussions 146 MastthetheSuulety Youth Debating 1975- expressTo encourage their studentsviews publicly Co be able to CoffeeDebatesOutings Bars Films NAME AssociationPeninsulaOF ORGANISATION Youth LIFESPAN19791976- AIMS CombatHelp develop illiteracy a self reliant community SeminarsMAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES (PENYA) FindstudentsEducate loans community and bursaries about problems of Visiting the old CongressStudents of (Banned)South African 19851977- To normalise the relationship between Workshops/seminars Banned(COSAS) Tooperationstudents, impresscreate betweenateacherson spirit the studentstudents ofand trust parents the and and essence parents co- EducationPoliticalTB campaign CharterEducation Youth Leadership Fort.m. 978- hisof 7o hisstudies assist being theeven youth after in completion the develop- of Seminars Dr RR Tusenuis nentACTION of practical SOUTH AFRICA leadership (AKSA) ForumsReachingMedia out 7130SOMERSETP.O. Box 322WEST a just,effectivepo:iticalTo mediate prosperous, reformleaders between strategies equal-opportunityand black to propogateand to white achieve To viewbusinessmensocietyliaise to andbyremoving peacefulmediateand the restrictions governmentbetweenmeans; black onw.,th Black a enteringprivateresttActionsentrepreneurs the enterprise main thatand stream businessmen, preventedsystem of the them from OrganisationAzanian(A2ASO) Studen's' 1 (MG theco-operatestiiacK white students' students' with organisationprogressives community whichwithin PoliticalEducation CharterEducation andUniversity University of Western of Cape Cape BecameBanned SANSCO wideSA,Struggles seeksrange toforof involvecommunityoverall students liberation struggles, in ain Town servicesthe organisation in honour of of commemoration martyrs of the ti, 147 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS liberation struggle, as well as in 4IN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES educationCampaignstrade union for support desegregation campaigns of OrganisationPolitical(POLSTU) Students' 1980- whichnumberAdvocates allof reformsthepeople implementation into SAa societywould ofhave in a University of Stellenbosch Defunct andties,equal free aneconomic associationequal decision-makingand social opportuni- right AssociationSouth African St.:cients 1980- andDeveopment student ofawareness leadership, at all political black Support of Releaserotest againstMandela detentionsCampaign freeWorkscnools, Azaniatowards colleges a new andsocial universities order for a Republic Day Festival protest Young(YCS) Criristlan Students 1980- andReligion it should is a bewhole concerned life experience with PoliticalStudy weekends Education C/oYCS U.C.T. Athlone Youth Movement 1981- Tothe freetransformation society from of oppressionsociety and Health and fitness classes Defunct exploitationworkersTo strike in alongside their struggle with older to defend KarateDramaModern classesclassesJazz dance classes byTotheir rolecollectingaid living thein boycottstruggle standards funds campaigns andof allptaying workers a big TableHistolyFilm tennis and and lectures debating M1"chells ii. Yo,tt 1481- to orgtnise ann pr-vido activit(es Workshops lit lea) Educat ion WESTR1DGEP.O. 3ox 145 Movement 1983 ofTo ProvideforSouthprovide youth Aflican aa materialistchannel society for understandingandcriticism to 7802 148 r insta ' the need to commit oneself to NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN struggleactiveAIMS participation in the political MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS1ADDRESSES OrganisationRavensmead Student Youth 1981- To Toinvolvedmake give the tactical inyouth the more communityguidelines aware and TBLibrary Campaign Campaign RAVENSMEADThe Library ChristianStudents(SUCA) Union Action for 981- disciplesdiscoverTo help christians whatof Christ it means in SAto todaybe true WorkshopsPublicationsPractical work ATHLONEP.O.7764 Box 5 andeducationalby providing practical experience,the resources theological, necessaryiellowship for Political Education this purpose Study project of full time students 46 Halt Road MovementAzanian(AZAsm) Studens' 1983- mobiliseorderphilosophyTo conscientise, toBlack strive of students Black for p,liticise theirconsciousness througn legitimate and the In andPoliticalcorrespondence students educationwho study through ELSIES7490 RIVER creativelyan".orig.ts educational work towards to thesyster, the needs establishm,nt that of Azanianswill respond of Leadership training co.Irses religionTo relevantpromote as an toa Interpretationliberatoryour struggle ph losophyof To str..:gg:epr,mozeInto vatio.:3 and encourage prob:c7s research affecting the RestrictedCape(CAYCJ) Youtn la4a- Toand politica: aspirations of tne:ep:osent tte t th fn .he ocor.o:-Ic NtwP F'du:tat Ihn Sa::Cer.rni!ySAIT R:ver RIVVR HouseRoad withTo establish Ihe you Corganisationsal ties In other areas, , Toandregions/provinces normaliseob!ectives the as relationshipCAYCOwith similar betweenaims 149 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSyouth and parents MAIN ACTIWTIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES loveTo responsibility,create for thea spirit people understandingof among trust, the youth and Affiliates Youth;LansdowneOcean ViewLentegeur Youth; Youth; Youth;Hanover Lavender Tafelberg Park Hill Youth; Youth, Youth; Rocklands Steenberg Silvertown Youth; Youth; Youth; Portlands Lotus Heideveld River/Grassy Youth; Youth; Westridge ParkBonteheuwel Youth; WynbergYouth; Youth; DistrictNewKensington/Factreton Crossroads Six, Ravenmead, Youth; Youth;Nyanga Kewtown, TafelsigYouth; Belgravia Guguletu Youth; BelharSections Youth; 1,2,3,4, Bellville Langa, Youth; Mpetha Elsies Square, River Thornhill, Youth; KTCBo-Kaap, Youth Became(ICY)Inter WPCC-ICY Church Youth 19891983- ChristiansTo strive towards unity among nourishing)Workshops (spiritually and socially 41Community Salt River House Road in 1989 ToreflectionFaith helpenrich through young their jointpeople understanding action discover and theof thejoy 7925SALT RIVER ofToto theirthemake needs Lord thefellow Churchtoand bebrothers aspirations foundand society inand service sistersof awarethe theTo importancerake decision-making young ofpeople their inrealise participationthe Church the and in Toconrunity resources,be the forum problems for sharing and activities of Kulisriver YoJth Wing 1983- To concernToassist discuss into themattersthe functionyouth that and ofare community the of DebatesDiscussionsWorkshops, videos, and Ph: 903 3705 outTocivic raisethe association educational funds in order and oxydni-to carry Fund-raising 150 activitiesTosational provide task a platform tor cultural NAMEDefunctWestern OF ORGANISATION Cape Youth League LFESPAN1983- AIMSandTo opposeoppression all forms of exploitation MAINPolitical ACTIVIT EducationES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES withTo exploitedissueswork all towards progressivewhich and affectaoppressed principled organisations the lives unity of onthe outletsinterestworkersTo provide and and inforums culturalthestudents societyfor andallboth andrecreationalyoung to to stimulate enrich Pearl Students 1984- ofTothe Pearl encouragelives students of workersthe activeattending and participationstudents UWC in Political education StudentsAssociation(PASA) of Young Azania 1984- developTo progressivecreate talents cultural organisation and forumsabilities so asto to Political Education CAPEP.O. BoxTOWN 5322 (SOYA) Toandinstill c--atepurpose a sensechannels in life of self-confidenceto show resistance 8000 workersToand promotessrength the in classan organised struggle way of the YouthAthlone torum and District 1985- To inunite the workerAthlone andarea student youth Political Education consciousnessTo Toinformalsustain play anandeducation activeof heighten youth role through the in thepolitical progressivecommunity together organisations with othercater for cultural, recreational Azanian Yost, :/nIty in of youth 2. Black Students Study 1985- I I ' A ki ,,,ization that is involved in Social Education and communication 6 Alsimo Building 151 NAMEProject OF(BSSP) ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMStnea range oppressed of programmes and exploited directed comm..nity at cannotprogrammesMAIN ACTIVITIESspeak to Xhosateach sothose as towno bridge ELSIES46CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Halt RIVER Road Specifically st.;dents disc,IssionsSemlnars,tne gap created pa7phlets, by apartheid. Panel 7490 InterscnoolsInter-Regional Co-oroinating For,m :965-:965- Ac Hoc co-ordinating committee Mostly Co-ordination WECSACLaterCorr-lt:eet:SCC) cecame part of tneofsec approximatelylae5 s.cnco 25 scnools dt:ring up to co-orcinate ac-'-'''es ooycotts Masinceaane Youtn C:uo 7c fignt against forced removals CollectingGivingMeetings shelter with for Crossroadsf.:neralsto squatters people terciary :965- S.ipplying food, blankets and clotnes P.:pils:nsc.t...folons Awareness ana :985- To ec..cate one anotner aco.it scciety Meetings ActionIPAAG) 3ro.:p 1387 To tcro'ugn,:nderexplore apartneid a.cerna-!vesunIting pup..s :c ir apartneio peaceful Picketing S-..oents E-ergercy Pe.lef :985 and constructiveofTo n,-.aceprovIde repression relief act: for scucent vircl7s C,,ndrescS.rre-cf 985- 152 OrriannotionWev,cyr Cape Scrois Grc..p :9;12-91987- 0 2 b WesternNAME OF ORGANISATIONCape Students 1985LIFESPAN AIMSofTo sch.co-( --ing the school boycotts the activities Co-ordinateMAIN ACTIVITIES school boycott. of '85 CONTACTS/ADDRESSES ActionDefunct(WECSAC) Committees:Committee in 198 Mitchell'sASAC;Logsac;Elsac; Belsac; Hapsac; Plain Bisco; ActionHeisac; WesternVistaCommittee; CapeAd Hoc StudentsNetsac; 1985 BecameCouncil1986Students Western Congress Cape in S.A. 1986- To programmesupportmobilize of moderate government youth reform in groupsArrange comeforums together where various youth MovementModerate Students 1986- atTo thechallenge universities the hegemony of NUSAS Consistsa/ternativeat providing mostly to studentsof NUSAS activities with anaimed RONDEBOSCHUniversityC/o M.S.M. of Cape Town , StudentsSouth African Congress National 1986- Western(SANSCO) Cape Students 1986- To unite all students In the Western TakingOrganising up students at schools demands at Community41 Salt HouseRiver Road Congress(WECSCO) WesternToTape take Capeup the demands of students In Political education MediaPoliticalschool level Education 7925SALT RIVER playTonational organisestrive a meaningful student for student_6 the organisation formationrole2 sc in that the of they nationala can BEST COPY AVAI 153 democratic struggle Mowbray(MOYCO) Youth Congress 1987- democraticTo theinvolve struggle S.A.primarily for a whitenon-racial, youth in PoliticalNon-racialSport education contact Toof similarworknon-racialisminculcate with aims otherin and youthand youthobjectives democracy the groups principles with Media WesternSRC'S Province Tertiary 1987- ToProvinceS.R.C.'s co-ordinate at colleges the activities in the Western of all Providetogether forum to disc for IsS.R.C.'s common toproblems come PeninsulaS.R.C.C/o Peninsula Technicon Technicon DemocraticYouth for S.A. Student Front 1988-1987- ToConservative unite all theyouth progressive organization student affectingandorganisations to take all Issues studentsunder of the commonat banner UWC concern of DSF, Political education Mediastudent mobilization WesternUniversityc/o sRc Cape of the campusracialismPromote the and principles democracy ofon non-and off 7530BELLVILLEP.O. Box x17 To towardsfosterraise the athe commitment political oppressed ofawareness community all students and Mitchell's 1,aln Student guidingTo reaffirm document the as our AssociationMitchell'sMove:rent Plaln Stude-,t Gardens(GAYCO) Youth Corgress 49:-012 , WOMEN'S PRELIMINARY1 NOTES According to our data no new women's or- 4 Thethe UDE establishment of the Federation of of South ORGANISATIONS toMovementorganisationsganisations 1970s.the 1976 In educationalwereforthe were Peacesecond formed established. was half revolt from formed of andthe1960 The 1970sis in to concernedWomen's response the five mid- new FEDSAWCape,African is partWomen regionally of ap (FEDSAW) "Atempt and nationally. to re- in constitutethe Western the theThewithatCrossroads BCMFederationthe promotiontime. and cameIn of the theBlack of out Women's earlyimproved ofWomen the 1980s squatter race Committeewas a further relations.linked struggles fiveto politicaltheofwomen's Souththese, Women's Africa action,theorganisations United Front, werewhile Women's concerned werethe were Women's linked established.Organisation with to Bureau discrimina- explicit Two and of 2 relations.VroueklubtionasociationsAs and with the most islegal concernedpresented ofstatus the ofcategories here, withwomen. littleimproved The ofresearch voluntary Kaapse race has lionsevertheirbeenpressure does histories.doneare engagedindicate intogroup The women's or that inlist selphelpeither theof organisationsorganisationswomen's a socialfunction. organisz- service, how-(These and 3 womens'awarenessformed6functions new womens'since wereissues of 1985. thediscussed within organisations politicalThis indicatesreligious, in Section implications thehave academic, One.) growing been of Africanwithinample,political womens'the Council and WPCC, worker desksof Churches,an organisations. haveaffiliate been COSATU of established the For South andex- A NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES VrouevereenigingAfrikaanse(ACVV) Christelike CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Nationalin South Council Africa of Women :909- andTo co-ordinaterelated organisations efforts of foraffiliated onCompiles current and issues distributes especially .1%f s,.:s Plein Street CTC ildIng effective,toissues promote relevant concerted inte:ests to actionthe of communitywomen around Monthlyaffecting publication women and children Er.31CAPE TOWN nion of :ewisn Women 1932- Toaisabilities especiallyproviae a frameworkregarding withintheir legal wnich Creches - Kensington Stcnenaven Sewlsnwnichwomen theycancomm,nity contrloutelive inand tne Into name :hethe spiritofsociety the of In Eisies River and Nanenoerg SeniorAdult EducationCitizens club Ph;SEA7 44POINTAloany 9555/6 Road standingro:ew.sh promote tradition among goonwill all sections and oetter of the Comm.unityBargain Shop Services Division P.O. Box 4993 Toandpop.ilation act assistgenera: as ain ofrepresentativeeducation the Soutn furtherance Africa in South organisation of Africa Jewish 8031SEA POINT of sion:oall provide Jewishof suo;ects awomen platform cf jewish for tneand discus-general sectionsTo interestpromote of socialthe communIty we:fare inwork South for all Na'cnal 7cu:c Africa Selling of Kupugani foodstwffs All'uan Women 190- VisitingBuildingLiteracy healththe campaign old bar Federation of South :954- To struggle against apartheid, racism Anti-pass campaign - (A NAME OF ORGANISATION LFESPAN AIMS WOMEN'S ORGANISATIONS GroupMAIN areas ACTIVES and resettlement OONIACTSIADDRESSES African Women sexism and capitalist exploitation CampaignBantuRent increaseseducation against campaignbeer-halls The 1955- ofTo Africaparliamentarypromote justice democracy and the inprinciples South tions,ProtestsRunning press the in Blackthestatements, form Sash of advice demonstra-protest office 5 Long Street MOWBRAY7700 Toprotection libertiesfurtherseek constitutional theby for lawpolitical all ot human recognition education rights andand meetings QuarterlySymposia andmagazine conferences - SASH thatToenlightenment citizensundertake may further and whatever of others theSouth objectives other African activities of the 1955- Toorganisation provide a high standard of service Fight for legislation that improves P.O. Box BO ProfessionalRondeberg Business Women's and Toand fromfight to ensurebusiness for equal its and continuitystatus professional in the women Careerthe positionguidance ofwork women (tax, divorce) RONDEBOSCH 7700 trainingToeconomic encourage and gainwomenpolitical technical to further spheres skills their governmentTo farpresent as the andthe laws provincialviews that of affectwomen oodies tothem as ,omen's Centre Ronnenosch 1976 Tf.elife need experiences for women's to isr,ues be highlighted and womenResource centre for all kinds of Mrsl'amily Hilary Focus Rosenthal ReferralNotices forcentre accommodationactivities MOWBRAY77004 Selby Road LibraryfurtherAdvice andeducation encouragement for 157 inFederation NAMESouth OF Africa OF of Black Women 3ATION 19771976-UFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Women'sBanned Movement for 1976- To promote communication, contact, House meetings featuring guest Ursula Barnett AffiliatedPeace to FEDSAW - Topeople understandingwork of towards South Africaaand society harmony of amongequal all Communityawarenessspeakers orprojectsand videos communication suchto promote as a Study 7735CLAREMONTP.O. Box 23394 Western Cape Region peopleopportunity of South and Africajustice for all the ActingCentrein Langa, asin aNyanga, pressurecreche and in group oldKhayelitsha ageon humanhome Ph: 53 1926 (w) MonthlyinvolvedLiaisingrights play issues within afternoons these o.ther issues organisations for children Rape Crisis 1977- To educate the pub:ic about rape Trainingfrom all programreover Cape Town P.O. Box 15496 and other forms of women abuse CounsellingwomenSettingEducational up atalks shelter for battered VLAEBERG8018 Women's Committee 19811979- To contributelook at how to women the strugglecould help of theand Helping with burials ClosedCrossroadsDie Kaapse Vroueklub 1981- Toarea organisingpromote mutual of activities, interests usethrough of BibleMeetings study with group guest speakers Mrs118 C AndersonCampground Road thailinkageestablished with aidother and organisations sustaining have sini:ar ob(ectives RONDEBOSCH7700 OrganisationUnited(UWO) Women's 19861981- allfullTo participate and equal democraticin the struggle rights for for whichaffectTaking peopleup issues in theirwhich ar,asdirectly For example OBSERVATORY8811 Station Road 158 withdisbanded1986 women's to andform front merged UWCO in30't peopleaffectTo work inlhe on oppressed day-to-daypractical communities activitiesproblems of ProtestKTCBread-price raids against campaign Orderly Movement 30o NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN ToAIMS involve women in solving problems ResettlementMAIN ACTIVITES Bill CONTACTS/ADDRESSES at racialTothattheir struggle affect placesand sexual forthem of the work indiscrimination removalthe community of all and and Eviction in Claremont Women's Bureau of 1981- Toeconomic eliminate exploitation discrimination against Newsletter Old South Africa Towomen situationimprove the of socio-economicall women in South Referralemployment,Resource officeCentre women's for womenlegalinformation withstatus on CAPEDarling8001 TOWN Street 1982- ToAfrica link the new and old Crossroads problemsSelf-help projects crochet and Crossroads 1983 othermuchTo monitor broaderwomen's what levelgroups was and going linking on in with a CommunityCrechesewing groups restaurant Women's Front 1982- To participate in the struggle for TakeBurials up issues which directly disbandedUWO in (UWCO)and 1986 merged to form 1986 fullall and equal democratic rights for affectKTCDisorderly Bushpeople Squatters Billin their Action areas Committee Women's Alternatives 19841983- communicationTo teach self-assertiveness, skills and identifying andWorkshops self-awareness, aimed at personalinterpersonal growth KENILWORTH23 Mains Avenue needs behaviourcommunicationIndividual skills counsellingskills and assertivewith the same Womenpower Resource lo t.ncourage women to participate Careerobjectives Planning and Development centre 198S- Tothefully, identifyworld effectively of thework major and issues happily and In enteringplanners,Programme women,-career aimed job-hunters changers,at career re-and CLAREMONT172 Main Road trainingemployersneeds of andbothand practicaltoworking provide women,help information, their everyfirst"career individual consultation women" iswho entitled freeneed ofhelp chargeto - the '3. o 159 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN AIMSTo researchact as catalyst and where to appropriate,stimulate ThisWorknumberMAIN experienceprogramme of women willProject who take would a selectedbenefit ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES motivate change by communicationskillsthe opportunity e.g. learn skills to new upgrade etc., skills and theirlike get tive/officeexperienceThisSmall programmeBusiness ofenvironment a genuine Projectis aimed administra- - at women organisationsCorporateAwho three would phase Programmelike whoprogramme to wouldbe - self-employeda likeserviceis envisaged to to iouth African Women's develop their "womenpower" WatIonalLeague Assembly of Women 1986- variousTo facilitate women's contact groups betweenon a local, SeminarsWorkshops UDF Women's Congress 1986- Tonational unite andthe Internationalvarious women's level organi- Educational, media organisationsTosations bring affiliatedtogether in a constituentforumto the U.D.F. work etc. United(UWCO) Women's Congress 1986- ofTo uniteeducation, all women occupation, regardless colour or allsexualreligion political, oppression in commoncultural, and action economicsocial to remove and exploitationpateTo encourage in the struggle all women for to full partici- 160 N andand equal for democratican end to racialrights andfor sexualall, NAMEOFORGANISATION UFESPAN aiscriminationAIMS and economic MAINACTIMES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES To womenexploitatiorencourage wherever the organisationthey are to beof found tnefarms,in schools,countryside in every hospitals, town, city, homes, and on in the day-to-dayactivitiesTo concentrate problemswhich on involvegrassroots of people the in tnatregulations,Foroppressed thediscriminate removal communities conventions, of against all laws, uscustoms as womenadvantageway andof ourthat and inherent deprive opportunities rightus in to anythat all mattersselves7osociety encourage inoffersaffecting solving women themproblems to involvein the and them- sir.larwithTocomm.inity strive other aims forandorganisations and unityplaces objects and of worktowith cooperate Women(WAR) Against Repression 1986- To conscientiseorganise women society around about and the Educationalnewsletters activities SALTP.O. RIVERBox 436 oppressionhowsocialeconomic, this a:titudes contribuir.: legal,under whichtnatcultiral, to oppresswe the live racialgenera' women and and 7925 =ederationSouth ,,frican of Women 1981- TrieWe shall right strive to vote for and women to be to obtain Media, mass rallies P.O. Box 207 destern(FEDSAW) Cape Region 3 0 discriminationwithoutelected restrictionto all state or bodies, ATHLONE7764 31.14 161 NAME OF ORGANISATION LIFESPAN employmentThe rightAIMS towith full equal opportunities pay and for MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES Equalspherespossibilities rights of work with of promotionmen in relation in all andto property,customsfor the thatremoval marriage deny of women andall children lawssuch Forequalthrough the rights development free maternity of every homes, child welfareall,towns:nursery andclinics, through schools, through crechesproper inthe countryside provisions homesand for of Forcivilizationandwater, theother light,removal amenities transport, of all of lawsmodern sanitation that preventinfreerestrict democratic associationor hinderfree movement,organisations, the and right activity that of and Towoilkthe build right of theseand to strengthenparticipate organisations women's in the sectionsandorganisationLiberatory through in the Movement,the ofNational people'swomen thein variedtrade-unions aimsorganizationsToorganisations inco-operate S.A. as that wellwith have asall throughoutsimilar other 162 throughoutTothe striveworld forthe permanentworld peace BEST COPY AVAILABLE NAMEUWC OF Women's ORGANISATION Studies LIFESPAN AIMS MAIN ACTIVITIES CONTACTS/ADDRESSES GroupUCT Gender Studies Group

3 163 IN CONCLUSION organisationsanswerofThe 'why' data inthese presentedquestions this andquestions study. specific here which It haswill as periods openedthey webe importanthave apply through up nota towide specifictriedtodetailed tryrange toto tion,andinwillwhich intensive thisplus play areahas an some accessiblebeenofresearch. study. part developed in We datastimulating hope bank by thatthe of further CORE thisinformation publica- researchproject,

164 0,A , page 84 1820 Settlers Association ORGANISATION INDEX 107128 76 AdAbortionAbantu Hoc ArtsDetention Reform Association Action Action Committe (ADAC) 101139124 Ad-HocAdultAd-Hoc LearningAcademic Committee Project Boycott Against (ALP) Committee New Repression Bills 136114 AfricanAdvice OfficeBureauNational Forum on Congress Military (AOF) Conscription (ABMC) 133136 93 AfricansAfrican Pre-prirnaryPeople's Scholars Democratic Fund School Teachers Union of Association South Africa (APDUSA) 145133156 AfrikaanscAfrikaanse StudentebondGeletterdhcidChristelike Vrouevereeniging (ACVV) 9085 AlcoholicsAlateen VictoriousAnonymous 1071(X) 96 Association offor Couples Pre-schoolGuidance for and Education,Marriage Assistance Enrichment Care to &Pupils Training (AGAP) (ASPECT) 157108116 AthloneAssociation andAction ofDistrict Retired Fundraising Youth Persons Forum Committee and Pensioners 165 138116 Athlone People'sEducation Action Crisis Committee Committee 141148117 AthloneAzanian YouthResource Co-ordinating Movement Centre Committee (AZZACCO) 137147149 Azanian Students'People's Organisation OrganisationMovement (AZASM) (AZAPO) (AZASO) 133117157 BelharAzanianBeauty Islamic Youth without TrustUnity Cruelty 117114 95 BelydendeBellville CrisisCommunity Kring Centre Health Project 646877 BlackBishop Community Lavis ActionCultural Programmes Committee Society 136146 77 BlackBlack MambaLiterature People's and Convention Arts Congress (BPC) 157 6588 Bo-KaapBlack SashStudents Action Advice Study Group Office Project (BO-KAG) (Athlone (BSSP) Advice Office) 166 3 117 6390 BonteheuwelBokmakierie,Board of Social ParentsBridgetown, Responsibility Support Silvertown, Group of Anglican Kewtown Church Residents Association (BBSK) 3 2, ,1 9980 BUCHUBreast Feeding Books Association 138 9968 "CaminployCallBuild of Islam A Staff Better Service Society (BABS) 137138 62 Cape AreasActionAnti-SAIC Housing League Committee (CAL)Action CommitteeDisorderly (CAHAC) BillsAction Committee 141117 79 Cape EducationalDemocrats Computer Society (CECS) 117 9064 Cape TeachersMuslimJewishFlats Cultural Seniors Vigilance Professional Society Association Association Association (CI PA) 117 7967 CapeCape Town Town City DrugNorth Mission Action Cultural Committee Society 149108 97 CareersCape YouthTown Research TradeCongress andUnion (CAYCO)Information Library Centre (CRIC) 128133105 CassetteCareerwiseCatholic Education Educational Trust Aid (CASET) Programme 3 145118 67 CentreCatholic for WelfareStudents Adult & BureauAssociation Continuing (CWB) of Education Southern (CACE) Africa (CASA) 167 92 Centre for Intergroup Studies 131 9096 ChristelikeChildChristian Care InformationAlkoholisteEducation Leadership DiensCentre and Training (CELT) 896967 Citizen'sChurchesChristian AdviceInstitu:eUrban PlanningBureau of South Commission Africa 112118 85 CivilCommitteeClothing Rights Workers League Against Union Racism (CLOWU) and Sexism in Education (CARE) 141 7468 CommunityCommittee for ActionArts the Project Defence Trust (CAP) of Democracy 128124 98 Community VideoResearchDevelopment Resource Education Resource Association Resources Association (CVRA) (CER) (CDRA) 118 69 ConcernedCompassion EngineersDoctors Action and Quantity Committee Surveyors (CODAC) 124138128 ConcernedConcerned Parcnts PeopleParents Committee ofCommittee Action Committee 168 147112 80 CongressConscientious of South Objectors African WritersStudentsSupport - GroupWestern(COSAS) (COSG) Cape Region (COSAW) ,) 115 Council for Black Education and Research Trust (COBERI') 788880 CulturalDefence WorkersAction and Aid Group Congress Fund 118154 99 DependantsDemocratic TeachersStudentConference Front Union (DETU) 128132108 DevelopmentDetainees TreatmentParents Action Support CentreGroup Committee (DAG) (DPSC) 158105 67 Dial-A-MumDiakonaleDie Kaapse Dienste Vroueklub 106109128 DomesticDivorceDisabled Workshop People Workers SA and Employers Project (DWEP) 9878 DramaDown'sDomestic Outreach Syndrome Workers Project Association (DWA) 132119 94 EarlyEducation,Education Learning for Advice, Resource an aware Health UnitSA Resource(EDAS A) Unit (EAHRU) 102 6463 ElsiesElectricityEducation, River PetitionResearch Co-ordinating Committcc and Information Committee of Mitchells Centre Plain (ERIC) (EPC) 32 9 133119 88 FamilyEyoluntuEnglish-Speaking and Co-ordinating Marriage Parents Society Committee Association of South Africa (FAMSA) 158 6286 FamilyFederation Planning ofof Black CapAssociation Civic Women Associations in South Africa 161156124 Federation of SouthParent AfricanTeacher Women - Student Western Association Cape VTSA'SRegion (FEDSAW) Western Cape 102142 77 FoodFiveFilm Freedoms EducationAllergies andForumUnit Information Western CapeSociety Region 133119 70 FoundationFood Gardens for Unlimited SocialCo-operative Development Development (FSD) 133128140 GASAFriendsFree the Counselling ofChildren District Alliance Six Service 154109 99 GeneralGAYCOGay Association Workers ofAid SA Service (GASA) 102128 94 GrassrootsGoldfields CentreEducare Trust 170 3' 129 HandsGrassroots - Off Publications District Six Campaign Li _1 160 74 HealthHanover Care Park Trust Drama Society 119103 Health Workers UnionSocietyAdvice Office 134119 65 HIVHeideveldHealth, Positive Education & ManenbergSupport and GroupWelfare Crisis Society Committee of South Africa (HEWSSA) 120106 95 HumanHousewives AwarenessRelations League Centre Programme of South Africa 103109 85 InstituteInsituteIndustrial of for HealthCitizenship Social Research Development Group (ISD) (IHRIG) 152125150 Inter-RegionalInter FaithChurch Forum Youth Forum (ICY) 152112 70 InternationalIslamicInterschools Council Labour Co-ordinating of ResearchSA Committee and Information (ISCC) Group (ILRIG) 120 7071 JaameIslamic Association ReliefDa'wah Agency Movement 153115 84 JewsJewishJcugkrag for Board Justice S.A. of Guardians 171 121124 JournalistJoint PTSA Solidarity National CommitteeAssociation 100125 93 KoebergKagisoJustice andTrust Alen Peace Commission 106150 89 LabourKupuganiKuilsriver History Youth Group Wing 125 79 LatinLansdowneLabour American Research Madressa Solidarity Service Cultural (LRS) Network Society (LUCHA) 113125129 LegalLa iyers EducationResource for Human Centre Action Rights (LRC) Project (LEAP) 113138 92 LilacsLifeLet South Line Africa Speak (LSAS) 109 7887 Link-upLingelihleLions Club Drama International Group 142 9277 MajisushLoyisoMandela Music Shura Birthday Group Al Islami Committee 172 0 0 0 106142 65 MandelaManenberg Reception ActionEducational Committee Committee Movement 132 89 MannaManenberg Community Research Food Project Service 152103100 MasincedaneMasifundiseMarriage Encounter Youth Club 146141 72 MbekiMasizakheMasithethe Reception Youth CommitteeDebating Society 129 9496 MfesaneMetropolitanMERGE Western Action Cape for Citizens 154113 MissionMitchell's of Churches Plain Student for Community MovementAssociation Development (MCCD) 121139148 MitchelModerateMitchel ls lsPlain People'sPlain Counter-Propaganda Youth Movement Movement Committee 101153 70 MotoModerateMontagu Songololo Students en Ashton Movement Gemeenskapdiens (MAG) 154109 MOYCOMowbrayMovement Youth of Christian Congress Workers (MCW) 849779 MuslimMuslimMusical Assembly JudicialAction for Council Peoples Power (MAPP) 3 3 3 173 146 Muslim YouthStudents Movement Association of South of South Africa Africa (MSA) 115129160 NationalNational Association CommitteeAssembly ofof Against DemocraticWomen Removals Lawyers (NCAR) (NADEL) 132156 National DetaineesCouncil of Forum-Western WomenAfrican Womenin South Cape Africa Region 110126134 National MedicalEducationLanguage and UnionProject Dental of (NIP) AssociationSouth Africa (NAMDA) (NEUSA) 126152 81 National TertiarySportsUnemployed Congress Institutions Workers (NSC) Co-ordinating Committee Western Cape 121145 92 NegotiatingNationalNew School Union Skills of ProgramSA Students (NUSAS) 139121 71 NewspaperNew WorldUnity VendorsMovementFoundation Advice Office 136159 77 Non-EuropeanNomzamoNobuntu Music Crossroads Unity Group Movement (NEUM) 3 o 113115 76 Nurses'NtsikanaNovo Aid Support Group 7776 OceanNyanga View Art Centre Pen Circle 121 6897 OpenOrganisationOperation Door Upgrade for Appropriate Social Services in S.A. (OASSSA) 126157 84 OrganizationsOrganisationPaarl Students for Against RehabilitationAssociation Traitors (PASA) (OUT)through training (ORT) 136141121 ParentPanPalestine African Action Solidarity Congress Committee Committee (PAC) 104122 Parent-Teachers-StudritsParentParentcraft Effective Trainir g Association 147145 88 PeninsulaPeninsula SchoolStudents' Youth Feeding Association Union Association (PENYA) 101104134 PhillipiPhilaniPhoenix NutritionResource Society CentreCentre 130152148 PlainPupilsPolitical Aid Awareness Students' and Organisation Action Group (POLSTU) (PA AG) 106 7467 QiblaQavancI uakerMuslim Family Service Movement Music 122158 RavensmeadRape Crisis Monitoring Group 122149 76 Ravensmead YouthWorkerStudent Library AdviceYouth ActionOrganisation Bureau Committee (RYLAC) 138126I 1 I ReleaseRegionalRead Educate Mandela Literacy and Committee Co-operationDevelop (READ) Committee 104122 86 RetreatRepres3ionReligious Legal Society Monitoring Aid ofOffice Friends Group (RMG) 130157 88 SARuralRondeberg Committee Legal Busin Services for 'ss Higher andProject Professional Education (SACHED) Women's 107 9584 SASA DomesticInstitute Voluntary of Workers Race Euthanasia Relations Association Society (SAIRR) (SADWA) 143142127 Save theBradley SharpvillePress from PrisonSix Committee Committee 101 6277 SchotschekloofSavioSea AdultView CulturalEducation Civic Society Association Centre 176 122132 72 SingleShalomSelf-help Parents Diaconte Development Action (Shadia) Group Programme 3 4 134 76 SocialSisonke and Cultural Community Movement Action Trust Funding Agency (SCAT) 133 9997 SouthSocial AfricanWorker's CouncilAssociation Forum for CatholicAgainst PainfulSocial Service Experiments (SACCSS) on Animals (SAAAPEA) 153137 93 South African NationalDiabetesCouncil of StudentsAssociation Sport (SACOS) Congress (SANSCO) 145148 71 South Af;African ican StudentsNationalStudents ZakaatAssociationOrganisation Fund (SASO) 160 8680 South AfricanPeninsula TertiaryWomen's Educational Institutions League Fellowship (SATISCO) 104 94 StSouthern LukesFrancis HospiceAfrican Adult Education Labour Development Centre Research Unit (SALDRU) 151152127 StudentsStream Education ofEmergency Young MovementAzania Relief (SOYA) Fund (SERG) 116149 97 Suid-AfrikaanseStudentsSurplus Union People's for Vereenigin ProjectChristian (SPP) Teen Action Pynlikc (SUCA) Eksperimente op Diere (SAVTPED) 105133152 TalkingTeachersSurrey Newspapers Estate Action Youth Committee Congess 3 C) 346 177 111 78 TeenageTechnical Harmonies Assistance Project (TAP) 111157 98 The CryptEcumenicalBlack CentreSash Action Movement (TEAM) 140114 86 TheThe Institute NationalParent forCentre Cancer a Democratic Association Alternative of SA for South Africa Western Cape (DASA) 112 7876 TheologyThembaletuThe Peoples Exchange DramaSpace Group Programme (TEP) 163130 67 TransportTOCUCT H Gender Co-ordinating Studies Group Committee 105160 93 UCTUDFUCT- Legal Women's SRC Aid Resource Clinic Congress Centre 127107 63 UnemployedUmbrellaUlwazi Christian Rentals Workers Association Committee Movement 138156127 UnitedUnionUnemployed ofDemocratic Jewish Workers Women Front Union (UDF) 178 3,v/ 160141158 UnitedUnited Stellenbosch Women's OrganisationCongress Front (USF) (UWCO) (UWO) C) 145146 UniversityUnity Youth Christian Movement 130 4397 UniversityUrbanUpington Foundation of Support the Western Committee Cape Association of Democratic Educators (UWCADE) 134127101 UseUrbanUWC Spoken Problems - SRC and Resource WrittenResearch EnglishCentre Unit-UCT (USWE) (UPRU) 152163105 UWC -SupportGender Teaching StudiesGroup Centre Group 163 7869 VeritasVakalisaUWC Women's Studies Group 105114116 VoluntaryVumaniVukuhambe AidPreschool BureauCripple Project Association 123 9479 WagesWesternWest andCoast CapeEconomics Council Arts Collective of Commission Churches 133143 63 Western Cape EducationCivicBook AssociationsGroup (WCBG) 123 9669 Western Cape FoundationInstituteHostel Dwellers for forSocial Community Association Research Work (WCHDA) (FCW) 349 179 152 84 Western Cape SocietySchools forOrganisation Early Childhood 153 65 Western Cape StudentsSquatters CouncilAction Residents Committee (WECSCO) Association (WECSAC 151123 95 Western ProvinceCape YouthTeachers Advice League Union Bureau (WECTU) 123 9293 Western Province RetirementCouncilBlack Sports of ChurchesCouncil Field Association (WPCC) 107105154 WholeWesternWholistic Health Province Health Institute Tertiary Centre SRC'S 161159 88 Women'sWomenWidows/Widowers Against Alternatives Repression Caring Service (WAR) 158157159 Women's CommitteeBureauCentre Rondeboschof South Crossroads Africa 159158 WomenpowerWomen's MovementFront Resource for CentrePeace 647271 Woodstock AdviceSaltriverResidents Office Walmer Against Estate Group Residents Areas (WORAGA) Association if, 131128 92 WynbergWorld Vision ResourceCrisis of CommitteeSouthern Centre Africa 148 8586 Young ChristianMen's Christian WorkersStudents Association (YCW)(YCS) 147154124 YouthYoung for LeadershipWorkers S.A. Education Forum Project 769599 ZolaniZinatulZakhe Drama Islamic Group Guidance

35s 35 181 1 ticipation:Shirley Walters An analysis 'Education of self-education for democratic strategies par- 11 Some1984, forof the a useful studies summary which are of theavailable, important but Acts.which NOTES 2 byTownwithin SimonCACE in certain the Roger1989 1980s' community 1982 Ph. Gramsci's D. U.C.T.organisations Political1986 Published in Thought Cape didCapevantions not der dealwhichPeninsula' Horst with is 'Systems necessarythe M. breadth A. Thesis of for Publicof this voluntaryU.C.T. study,Assistance 1931; associa-are: Monica Sheilain the 3 ForRobertson;SocialBritain: example Services Lawrence in Report Norman Britain: and of Wishart.Johnsonthe Basil Wolfenden Blackwell p.1981 69 Voluntary Committeeand Martin Philip;oflbwardsTown:Wilson Voluntary M. OUP;andan E.Open Archie Dludla OrganisationsH. Society W. Mafeje 'A van socio-cultural in der South 1963 Cape Merwe Africa:LANGA Town: communityet Theal David Cape1980 role babweanPracticeSpechtBritain:1978 1969 Croom U.S.A.:The PV0s Readings Future Helmplay Prentice-Hall an Ltd;of in increasing VoluntaryCommunity Ralph Inc.; Kramer role Progress Organisations Organisation in and national Harry 'Zim- ThesissurveysocialU.C.T. ofU.C.T. agencies the1983; township 1983. F-mice in greaterThere Nyanga'Horn are Cape'A certainM.survey Town' Soc. ofdirectories Sc. M.community Thesis Soc. Sc 54 Tandonlbid.development'For p. example, 14'The relationship Spring/Summer see unpublished between 1989 non-governmentpapers by Rajcsh directoriesavailablethetions,1974 country, Humanwhich gives of a but rangewerelists Awareness they of useful:of Blackare organisations far SPROCAS ProjectConsciousness from comprehensive; havethroughout Directory updated organisa- governmentalIndia'andstudy'organisationsand 'Beware inSociety Adult organisationsof for Education the Participatory GONGO government' and in regulating Development India:Research anda critical NGOsin 'Non- India, Ger- in predominantlyhelptionsSALDRU1984 organisations,in 1984,directory published the in whiteauthorprovides and a directory areas.service was detailed Barry The agencies on directories Streek;listsrural of whichorganisa- localLifeline are areself- of 6 alMorriscit.man Council No. Adult M. 3 in 1962ofEducation Progress Social Social Services Assoc. Enterprise Marchp. 16 London: 1987; alsoNation- op. 12 David Webster 'Nature of the crisis in Southsible.onelimited Africa'another use as which they covermakes very any different comparisons ground impos- from 87 ForSocialOrganisingMurray example, Welfare G. JeffJ. AroundEdinburgh: 1969 Bishop Voluntary Enthusiasms, andOliver Pau! OrganisationsBoyd Hoggett Mutual 1986 Aid and in 13 voluntaryTown:in BeyondDludla NUSAS op.associations Reform: cit. No. The 6. which ChallengeHe does people not of belong elaborateChange to Cape over on the 9 LeisureTown:Dr. 0. Comedia: CentreD. Wollhcim for Britain Intergroup 1978 OrganisationsStudies Cape 14 Popoassociations.87% of Molefe his respondents 'Responses belonged to State to some Strategy' voluntary in 182 10 See Southern African Catholic Bishops'ference Con- 'Pastoral Planning Working Paper' June 15 ForNUSAS example 1983 op.Freeman cit. Jo 1975 The Politics of 356 Women's Liberation New York: D. Mc Kay from 26 An excellent historical exaMple of this is given in publicsociety'taryMichael associationadministration, Armer 'Respecifying on individuals Randall the Thomson effects in traditional of volun-and in International Journal of Comparitive EducationcetonorganisationsWilliam Hall Muraskin Freemasonary in the education 'The hiddenas aof case black role study' adults: of fraternal in P:-'.n- vol. XXVI no. 4 1976 Adult Praegertion;F.Sociology 1976 From fromNew Enabling social work. to Advocacy XXI, in sociology, and GrosserDirections Charles in Community Organisa- New York: 30292827 Rogers Carl 1970 Op. cit. p. 51126412 Encounter Groups, U.S.A. Pen- 1716 ForandThis1980 example,Analysis point is emphasisedButcher by Hugh Butcher et al Community Groups in Action: Case Studies London: RKP ibid. and Elaine Sharp `Or- 31 don:Lovettguin1983 CroomPress Tom, Helm Chris Clarke and Avila KilmurrayAdult Education and Community Action Lon- 18 ganisations,Self-heipLiebermanmakedefinition' this point. Groupsin Morton their forenvironments, A. Coping and Leonard with Stress Borman and goal 1979 Urban Life vol. 9 no. 4 Jan. 1981, both U.S.A.: 32 Johan Mame 'Democracy and oligarchydependent inWestern the1970s' in- ProvinceUnpubl.trade unions paperGeneral inCentre TransvaalWorkers for African Union and theinStudies the 19 intion:Rothschild-WhittJossey-Bass an alternative Joyce to rational-bureaucratic `TheAmerican collectivist Sociological organisa- models' Review 1979 vol. 44 3334 For example, Shirley Walters 'Whose quately.theIbid.U.C.T. boss?' 1983,An summarises Michels work very ade- 2120 Janice Perlman `Grassrooting the system'GittelCIAL inticipation; SO- POLICYMarilyn The 7et Sept..Decline al 1980 1976 of Community Organisation Limits to Citizen Par- 3635 For example Johnson and The WolfendenIbid.unpublished Commit-tee paper 1987 op. cit. p. 7 22 nationalandLovettU.S.A. community SageTom Review Publ.and action of Robin Community in PercivalNorthern Development 'Politics, Ireland' in conflict Inter-N 39- 383739 John Cowley 'The politics of communityOp. cit. p. 98 23 40 U.S.A,:F.Summer Piven Pantheonand 1978 R. Clov.'aid 1977 Regulating the Poor 40 Marc Raboy 'Urban struggles and municipalgle'?organising'politics:Majorie MayoThe in MontrealJohn ed. 1977 Cowley, Citizen's Adah Movement' Kaye andBritain: Stage One Community or Class Strug- in In- 2425 JaniceOp,oftion: Southern Perlman What does California `Seven it mean?' voices 1980 unpub. from paper, one organisa- Universitycit. p. 182 35 41 Quoted39-40ternational Summer in Freeman Review 1978 of Community Development op. cit. p. 101 N 183 4342 Op. cit. 19801976 SowetoBaruch Revolt: Hirson Roots 1979 of Year a Revolution of Fire Year Britain: of Ash. Zed The 464544 ThisOp.For cit.isexample summarised p. 24 Paul adequately Blumberg in 1973 Perlman IndustrialDemocracy: 1980 The Sociology of Participation New 5857 ingAnalysesSeePress toSouth the of ideologicalAfrican the Soweto Outlook premises revolt Jan. have 1974of differedthe writers. accord- For 47 Chris Argyris 'Personality and organisationrevisited'141-67York: Schocken in Administrative Science Quarterly 18: ofsawRevolt,example: BC the ideology Whitemost John important Reaction Kane-Bermanand the crisisJohannesburg:factors of 1978 beingrising Soweto: the expectations.Ravan influence BlackPress, 504948 KindervatterPerlmanIbid. p. 15 1980 Suzanne op. cit. 1979 Nonformal Educationas an Empowering Process U.S.A.: Center for In- aofattheOn new theAfrican importancethe centrefeeling other working of handof ofthe self-confidence BCM Hirson's historicalclass as militancy instigator, argument stage in thewhichthe and plays urbanreassertion he instilled placesdown com- 5251 IMTECLund F. 1983 L. and Learning E. L. van from Harte Work 1980 and CommunityCommunityNFERExperience.ternational - Nelson Education Six International University Modelsof Massachuseas. Britain: workingtheeventsandmunity. development outside which Undoubtedlyclass the beganmilitancy, country of theon the theBCM, whichthe occurrences 16 effects Junethe contiibuted reemergence 1976of politicalboth included insideto thear- of 53 Dan O'Meara ' Wh..ldergate and theAfrikanerstituteWork politics for of Developmentnationalism'Social Development in and Work Change in Progress Bellville: No, In- 22 59 Lodgedersliberationrests, of detentions p.SA, 339 of and Mozambique op. the andcit. conditions trials and in 1974in Angola the andschools. on 1975, the bor- the RavanEducationKallaway1982; Press Linda of1984in BlackSouth Chisholm Apartheid South Africa 'RedefiningAfricans in and the Education. 1980s' Johannesburg: Skills: in Peter TheBlack 626160 ganisationsTheO'MearaSHirson usualACC, p.p. sources were5overseas328 op. op. viacit. of cit. church fundingfoundations organisations, for community either linkedlike or-the to 5554 TheLodge Extension Tom 1983 of University Black Politics Education in South ActSincetheled of Africa 1945to establishment1959 a sudden Johannesburg: expansion of two Ravan newof student AfricanPress numbersp. 328University with governments,andUrbanbusiness1976 its Foundationmodus revoltenterprise. churches operandi.on the whichThere orone corporations,Thewasrelated hand, deepUF bothand was suspicion onto born oi itsthe local ongins outofother the of it 56 The BCM is discussed by Gerhart Gail ogyPowerColleges,1978 U.S.A.: Black in Southone University for Africa: Indians The ofand California Evolution one for . Press,of an Ideol-3 also 0 were.sourceitsseemed sponsorship. The of to fundingdivisions want Organisations as were andmuch hostility very 'mileage' criticalnot the dependent UFas of possible engendered those on who this for understandarea,appears and to itbethe requires peculiarresponses careful to from the greaterorganisationsstudy ifCape we areTownat that to 70 For example material already mentioned,Focus;community plusGrassroots, local also UDF andand and SASPUstudent CAL newsletters Nationalnewspapers and and SASPU otherlike 6364 South African Institute of Race Relations munityInSurveytime(SAIRR) a talkmore 1978Organisation' by clearly. Trevorp. 480 Manuel on 28/9/82, at U.C.T. it was onsuggested 'Com- 71 ganisations.activelyThemore word ad involvedhoc `activist' Thepublications. 12 in activists workeris used and/orhaveto describe been community interviewed a person or- tionseducationalstrategies.detentionthat activists the experience to Murphesonstruggle' discusswho were in andof NUSASdetained, Morobestudents reflect 1983 of inusedjailed their'Situating op. the for previouscit. time seven men- the in duringwithMoravian,duringof the theone interviewees the last working the1970s part Methodist of this for had1984 the includedhad and andChristian links in Anglican earlythewith Catholic,Institute, the1985. churches, churches Six andthe 65 For example, M. Legassik 'South Africanaccumulationperpectivesyears capital on Robbenon andstrategy. violence'Island, who in returnedECONOMY with differentAND andatNEUM,intervieweesanother present 3 with attending3 8 hadCAL/BC, would had the align stronghad whileNYLTP themselvesprevious links 1 is course. nowith longerlinks with the Three BCM thewithinvolved ofUDF, and thethe 66 For example, J. S. Saul and S. Gelb 1981CRISISECONOMYandSOCIETY THE cheap IN AugustSOUTH labourAND 1974,SOCIETY AFRICA:power and inH. vol. CLASS SouthWolpe 1 no. Africa''CapitalismDEFENCE 4 1972. in 72 The background to (A)FCWU is given in givenProgressinWork political in In ano. paperorganisation. 22 1982, by Johan while Maree the history `Democracy of GWU and is 67 There is ongoing debate around these issucs;establishmentReviewAND CLASSthe Press REVOLUTIONof the UDF, the NewNational York: Foam Monthly and 73 DynamicsTransvaalOligarchyDavid Lewis andin the the 'TradeIndependent WPGWU Unions in Trade the and 1970s' ClassUnions in Stratifica- in the 1982 Social 68 There is no written history of the U.C.T.Movement;divisionsthe Women's Cape amongstAction in an interview League the left around demonstrateswith an these ex-member, questions. the deep she classChangevantion: organisations der A preliminaryMerwe among et Coloured inal theanalysis1976 Western People of the Cape' inrole South inof H.working Africa; W. Occupational and Social berstheNorthstated movement read thatAmerican athe visit feministan feminist,to important the campus writers Juliet impetus; in Mitchell, like 1975 Sheilaand hy had thea leading Row-mem-given 7574 For example in WIP, Social Review, SASPUDavidSouthCape Focus, Town AfricanHemson Juta Labour`Trade and Co. unioaismBulletin, and theGrassroots struggle tor 69 Gorar Therborn 1980 The Ideology of bothamPowertheU.S.A.: P and 1974)wer Penguin. Women,of Ideologylni Resistance Verso and Editions Revolution p. 78 76 For example, SASPU Focus vol. 2 no. I Jun::liberation'In1978 1983 a class in of South their own'Africa' p. 18;in CapitalWIPno. And12 Apii11980 Class 185 77 strikeFor'Consumer example, or demonstration?'; boycotts:WM no. 25an 1983assessment'. WIP `Stayaways: no. 26 1983 mass 949392 Op.Lodge cit. op. No. cit. 53 Hirson p. 84 op. cit. 78 andWIPsupport`Unions`Stayaways: UMMAWUSA no. alliance: 30 and 1984 Sowetothe trade`Lekota UDF'; fight unions1976'; foronWIP thefactories% WIPand no. UDF'; community'.NO.33 1984 WIP 19'FOSATU 1981 'MAWUno. 32'The 95 Cyril Couve 'The psychologist and blackPapersciousnessManganyi' con-U.C.T. in 5 a SouthSept. Centre 1984 Africa: for African The workStudies of SeminarN. C. 8079 ThisMoniswill notis strike'diseussed&scribed join the in SALBUDF' byin WIPLiz CapeMarch Mc no. Times Gregor13, 1980 also 20/10/83. 'The in SALB Fattis vol.and 96 precursors.attemptsLodgetweenIt is theop.not topast cit.proposed force hasAfricanist shown the that link formulationstherethe between misleading is any directBCand nature theand link BC. its of be- 838281 IbidGrassrootsSALB6 no. 5, !bid and op. Grassroots cit. Oct. 1980 999897 MaryGerhartSteve Simons Biko op. cit.1978 U.C.T. I Write reminded What me I ofLike this London: fact. 8584 TheThistwoInterview of Unionis the discussed withorganisat.ions is Strength: Rev. in MareeDes The involvedAdendorf, op. Resurgence cit.; (15/8/84). theNUSAS director of Black 1980 of 100 Barney Pityana 'Power and social changeTown:ed.Africa'Heinemann 1972 in David South Student in H. Philip W. Perspectives van der Merwe on South and Africa David Cape Welsh O'MearaandTown:NU.S.A.S;Trade no. and 7 SiphoSept. Dlamini1981SASPU also National1984 in TheRob no. Struggle Davies, 9 Dec. For 1981,Dan Unionism in The 1970s Cape 102101 CouveRichard p. 9Turner op. cit. 1980 The Eye of theJohannesburg:Towards Needle: Participatory Ravan Press Democracy in South Africa 8786 Lewis.ForLodgeSouth example Africaop. cit. inVol. WIP Two no. London: 29, an interview ZED Press. with Dave 103105104 Biko SeeDavid p. SPROCAS 28 Poyntan, op. cit. Directories an Anglican 1974 Educt,went ion to Officer Illich's centre at Cuernavaca, Mexico; Anne 8988 Africa.Seepolitics'.I bid, Peter also The Walshe see Case WIP 1983of no.the C 34Christian hurch 1984 Versus 'Debating Institute State London: allianceli South 106. Adrienne Bird 'The adult night schoolHope, movementsMorphetBoth a werechurch gave influential worker me this spent in information. spreading time with these Paulo ideas. Freire. Tony 186 rl 0 0 9190 churchTheIC. bid Hurst seven organisations and interviewees Co. during were the involved 1970s. in various 108107 InterviewAlbert Nolan op. cit. 1982 No. Biblical 81 Spiritualitylawayfor Springs, blacks op. cit.on the Witwatersrand 1920-1980' in Kal- It 1 "7, 109 See for example articles in South AfricanSA:Vol. Order Outlook 110 of Sept. Preachers 1980, by(Southern Nolan, GobaAfrica) and Boesak. 123122121 IbidSeeOliver Davies,p. 284Tambo, O'Meara in an interviewand Dlamini in Juneop. cit. 1982, said 110 In a study in Soweto by Philip Frankelgroupwatersrand,thetion:Black 'Status, Historyconsciousness consciousness on Workshop, 3-7 February and in political 1978,UniversitySoweto', it was participa- presented found of Wit- that to 124 Black Sash is a protest organisation ofdlethat white,frontation class a new women,mid- phase with which wouldthe enemy was permit started forces', 'more in ibid the direct p.1950s. 284 con- A 111 See Mildred Poswa 'Black Consciousness:a hightionaryfluenced A percentage reac- tendency' by BC. ofJan. respondents 1982 printed had by Thebeen Educa- in- 122 The Mandela Plan is explained in LodgeAfrica:SAIRRCherryhistory op. A cit. MichelmanbyCaseof ,the Study OUPorganisation 1975 in Liberalism The hasBlack been Publ. Sash written forof Souththe by NEUMthatactivelytional this Journal. feelings involveddocument One concerning in seemed ofSPEF the interviewees at theto the reflectBCM. time thementioned who general was 123 Discussions of the Freedom Charter havestructuresandand concerns itbeen genesis onheld thethe in streetformationseveral and community neighbourhood of tight organisationalorganisat.ions, levels. 112 The influence of Turner's work on thetionedTurner'sdiscussed BCM13/12/84. in book.anis by interview Tony The Turner's interviewee,Morphet with influence a informer theJim introductionwas Cochrane, CI workeralso men- believed onto Lodgeanddocument.tion in op.theirGrassroots cit. actually questions Jan. was 1985, just in thehow the final muchstory drafting participa-is retold. of the 113 Andrew Nash 'History and ConsciousnessAfricahadthat in beenthe South today: impact significant. An of essayTurner's on workthe political on those thought in the CIof 125124 LodgeInterview op. cit.with gives an ex-NEUM the numbers affiliate of studentsthecrossed(29/1/85) member thousands who the borders p. 339 to join the liberation army as in 114 !bid cialRichard1984. today. HeTurner'An argues that unpublished Turner's work working is still paperinfluen- 126 Matthew Francis 'The past is theirs, theWesternours UWCfuture A study Cape'Nov. is of 1984A the paper United presented Democratic for B. FrontA. Hons. in the at 116115 TurnerTony Morphet helped to in establish the introduction the Institute to Turner forseeEducation Industrial SALB op. cit. vol.and 9the no. South 8 July African 1984 Labour Bulletin, 129128127 MontsitsiAZAPOSee Bloch, wasin NUSAS Websterformed 1983 in and 1979: op. van cit. it was denmakes anHeerdenNUSAS importantthis point. 1983in op. cit. 3 6 a 120119118117 SeeIbidNashTurner Lodgep. op. 12op. cit. cit.op. p. p.cit 19 87 130 This point is made by Paahla in NUSASNationalcontributorAZAPO 1983 Forumop. conferenceto the National1983; is ina Forum discussionW1P no. in June30 of1984. 1983, a recent see 3 6 187 131 Montsitsi makes this point in NUSAS 1983cit. op. cit. 150149 Grassroots Oct.June and1983 Nov. p. 13 1981 132 In a discussion with a lecturer in the Dept.dramaticallytrained,Work of Social at UWC,coloured, during it was the social stated1970s. workers that the numbersincreased of 152151 B.This Kinkead-Weekes point was discussion `A history at Grassrootsof local resistanceApartheid AGM1984, andtoin in inthe several period other 1948-1960' organisations presented at the at time. a 133 The work of community workers isFSD describedCommunityHarte Annual 1977 in Reports The Work Involvement from Bellville: 1977; of Institutealso UWC in Edna Students for Socialvan in 153 Francis op. cit. UWC,Studiesworkshop makes and convened the this Centre point. by for the Research Centre forin Africa African at 135134 ThisCole argumentop. cit. is put in an article in WIP Development.no.1981, 18 June 'Legalism and democratic organisation'. 156155154 IbidCape Federation of Cape Civics pamphlet1983 May 136138137 A SeeManuelcritique WsP op. wasno. cit. 11done 1980 of andoutsiders WIP no. involvement 15.squatter struggles in in NYANGA BUSII op. cit. 157 Francis op. cit.; also confirmed in interviewsonstagetwo occasion people the with secretary awho lack participated of lost clarity the minutes,as toin whomthe thereDBAC was was to at chair alsoone 139 See Donald Frank Molteno's study 'TheAprilstudents'of schooling black 1983 South boycott: M. Soc. Africans aSc. sociological Thesis and the U.C.T. 1980 interpretation' Cape Town 159158 CASASee Solidarity refers to the a conference CAL newsletter, `Culture Forumtheand in meetings. apartheidNational 1983. 140. See Rommel Roberts `Bus boycotts 1980'Studies.SouthPaul Harein Africa A. 1983 Cape The Town: Struggle Centre for Democracyfor Intergroup in 161160 Argus,Community 5 August Arts 1989,Project p. (CAP)6. MDM `People's is deimedandSouth Culturethe Africa'as Struggle a held for in liberation'. Holland in 1987. 1987. Unpublished. 143142141 MoltenoSee SASPUfor example op. Nationalcit. p.SASPU, 199 State of the Nation1982 Aug. p. 12 COSATUasmoreloose a specificstructuredgrouping and the allianceof and peopleUDF cohesive at ofwhich the organisations core.form had and coalesced recognised with in a 146145144 GrassrootsCOSASThis is discussed history AGM is 1982 ingiven Social in Review 1981 Grassroots June 1982. Issue 16 Nov. 162 The National Sports Congress (NSC)group islatter'sAfrican a pressure which policies Council was and onestablished Sport strategies. (SACOS) within to thechallenge South the 188 3 1 / 148147 !bidGrassroots p. 11 April 1982 p. 14 163 Walters, S. 'Response to the article serviceonin the SALB, roleorganisations ofVol. 12, No.by some 8. Juneauly members 1988. of Lacom', 164 The three are Health Workers Advice WorkersOffice, Health Union and Health Workers Association MossSouth andAfrican Ingrid Review Obery, 4, Ravanp. 524. Press,Edited Johannes- by Glenn 165 Some of the strategies that have been abouttoCongresswhichdebated the participating'participationbecame relate - Western the South inCapedebate' state AfricanRegion. structureswhich Healthraises and questionsWorkers forming UniversityoverviewTransformationburg,Kenton 1987; ofConference, ofGelb, the the 1980s'.No. S.Witwatersrand. `Making 5, October p.Department 33 Sense1987; 1988. Presented of Innes,of the Sociology, Crisis' D. at 'An the in 166 The development of co-ops is discussedSouthginaalliances inJaffee's Africa, Geor- with Buildtng LERC,parliamentary Johannesburg. Worker groups. Co-ooperatives in 171170 Innes,Innes, D. D. ibid. 'Privatisation: The Solution?'AfricanIngrid in SouthReview Obery, 4, Ravan p. 551. Press, Edited Johannesburg, by Glen Moss 1987. and 167 These are the Unemployed Workers Movement,WorkersCommittee-WesternNational Union. Unemployed Cape Workers Region and Co-ordinating Unemployed 172 Bu:Ilender, Debbie. Assessing US Corporatetorandtunityvestment Responsibility Jul Disin- Foundation. ia Weinstein,The CASE Research CASE American Report 1989; Center, for P hilanthropy.Sinclair,the 1988. Equal Michael Oppor- Inves- 169168 CommunitySwilling, M Houseand Phillips, is an office M. The block PoliticsPowerrentwhere in Salt offices. of several in RiverState the community1980s Centre organisations for Policy and Studies, unions 173174 Wilson, Swilling, F and M Ramphele,and Phillips, M. M. Uprooting 'The PoliticsThe poverty South1989. of State - AfricanThis graph challenge. only covers p. 26. the David period Phillip, up to 1985. AfricanCapeManagement,Borainc,University kwnsTown A. hip (Honours ofWham, Upgrading . theEconomic Witwatersrand. Sham dissertation). and History, orResistance Scam? University August July -in Security a 1988; South1988; of 175 This is described in 'Inside the system'scentre'Studies,Power1988. nerve in in Universitythe the New 1980s', Era, of p. the 15, Witwatersrand. November 1988. July 12, Centre for Policy GlennGlaser,nesburg1980s' Moss D. in 'Ruling 1987;South and Ingrid Cobbett,African groups Obery, Review andW and RavanReform 4,Cohen, p. Press, 383. in R.the EditedJohan- Popular mid- by 176179178177 Grassroots, Ibid.Swilling,du Toit, P. OctoberM 'Regional and Phillips, 1986, Sevices p. M. 3. op. Councils: cit. p. 25. Control at StrugglesofmationSouthFriedman, the stateAfrican inNo. South S.3,and "Mep. ResistanceAfrica. the58 Struggle1987;state Africa of Sarakinsky,Strategies' resistance' withinWorld Press.the inI. in Struggle:Transfor-'The Work1988; State in 180 Swilling, op. cit. p. 19. p.People?,Local 63. JutaGovernment edited and Co. by C.Ltd Level' Heymans 1988. in Government and G. Totemeyer, by the theProgressPerspective56, politics p. No.3; ofKaplan, 52, reistance on p. the47; D. SouthLodge, 'Beyondin Work African T. 'Stateinthe Progress Indicators: Economy' power No.and Ain 181 Swilling, M. 'City Politics comes of age:watersrand,Centreresponses Strategic for to p.Policy Local1, June Studies, Government 1988. University restructuring'. of Wit- 3'10 189 183182 CapeScharf, Times W. 28'People's October Justice', 1988. Sash p. 191988. March 198197 An'Repression international and theconference State of Emergency'on Children,Africansion in Repres- and SouthReview the Law 4, p. in 142. an Apartheid South Africa was 184185 Indicator Plaut, M.Project. 'The Political ConflictSignificance in South ofin- COSATU'Date TransformationAfrica Trends 1984 No. - 1988. 2 p. 62 1986. 199 South 20 December 1988 to 18 JanuaryGeneralheld 1989,'Apartheid's in p. Harare, 6.Conference violence from 24-27 Working against September children'. Paper, 1987. entitled See 188187186 Weekly'TrendsSouth 20 andMail December Developments 14 April 1988 1989 to in to 18 Organised 20 January April South1989, 1989,Labour' p.African p. 34. in6 Review 4, p. 231. 200 Yembe, J. In defence of the Anti-ApartheidNo.toference 8 take Con-p. 16. place in This South in conference October African 1989. Labour has been Bulletin, rescheduled Vol 13 189 'The African National Congress afterSouth Kabwe'burg,Moss African 1987. andin Ingrid Review Obery, 4, p. Ravan 12. Edited Press, by Johannes- Glenn 203202201 WeeklyWebsterThomas, Mail op. W. cit.,23 'Economic December p. 31. growth1988 to prospects12 Januaryp. 24 in1989, the 190 An example is the ANC international fromonDemocraticentitledconference 1-4 several December 'The South countriesWorld 1987. Africa' United as It well washeld Against asattended in from Arusha, Apartheid South by Tanzaniadelegates Africa. for a 204 Prinsloo, J. 'Cape Town er,com,Western Rightford the Cape'economic Searle-Tripp p. 4, newsl,!tterMarch and1988. ofMakin. OgilvyWritten and for Math-Inter- Crisis City? Challenges 191 The establishment of the Centre for Developmentsociety.whichStudies aims (CDS) to explorein 1989 policyis an example in a post-apartheid of a project 205 Gentle, R and Romanovski, P. 'Whitheraand Summer UCT.Dept.Western Opportunities', of AdultSchool Education p.programme 6, January and Extra-Mural1989.convened Presented by Studies, the at 192 Webster,Weekly Mail, D. and 17 Friedman, February toM. 23 'Repression FebruaryState34. 1989, and of Emergencythe p. June 1987 March 1989', p. 17. 206 Thomas, W. 'Economic growth prospectsCapecom,Western inUrbanisation' the Cape'economic p. p.5, newsletter4.March Undated. 1988. of OgilvyWritten and for Math-Inter- 194 Fine, A. 'Trends and Developments inLabour'WebsterPress,Southern Organised 1989. inwho AfricanSouth Paper died African on publishedResearch 1 May Review 1989. inService memory 4 p. 220.and of Ravan EditedDavid 208207 Ibid.TB is considered a disease related to pooreconomicer, socio-Rightford conditions. Searle-Tripp The and figures Makin. came from 190 195196 Webster Cape Tunes,op. cit., 7 p.January 20. 1988. Johannesburg.by Glenn Moss and Ingrid Obcry, Ravan press, 3 210209 ArgusArgus, 10 8 AugustAugust 1988.1988. dated.Anonymous. . Cape Town 1976 - 1985, p. 1. Un- 211 Op. cit. No. 175, p. 15. theCape Concept, 1987; Peoples by Glenda Education: Kruss. Centre An examination for Adult and of 215214213212 Op.Grassroots, cit. No. Decemberp.October175, 3, p.October 15. 1986, 1986. 1986. p. 3. 232 Bloch, G. `Organisation as Education: TheCapeContinuing Strugglein the1988. Western Education, Cape schools University 1986-1988', of the Western p. 5. Paper 217218216 Cole, WeeklyWork Josette. in Mail, Progress Crossroads p. 13 No. , 19 43 December - The politics to 8 January ofand reform repression 1987. 1976-1986. Ravan Press 1987. 234233235 Ibid., Grassroots p. 7.6. Vol. 7 No. 2 March 1986.presented at the Kenton conference, October 1988. 219 Cooper, Diane. `Report on problems thatJuneresolvingcrisis arisein 1988.the interventionin Crossroads these problems workcrisis using andof 1986 organisations'possible as a case ways study'. role of 236 Trials, commonly known as the `Ashley Kriel'progress.inthe Cape 'Yengeni' and Town. trials The are Yengeni examples trial of is 2 currentlymajor trials in 223222221220 WeeklyIbid.ArgusGrassroots, 8 Mail,February September p. 3, 1988. December 1985. - 26 December 1985. 239238237 Argus,GrassrootsBecause 1 ofMay Vol.the 1986. levels 7 No. of2 1986.repression and thesecurityEmergency, State of viewpoint it is not to possible discuss orthese wise aspects from a of state or- 227226225224 Op.GrassrootsExamples cit.cit., No No. arcOctober224. 223. the Federation 1985. of Parent-Teacher- 240 Popular term which refers to a withdrawalorganisationalduringhereganisation from are 1988 based in and any activity. onfrom detail. 15 CACE's interviews The points own involvementwith that areactivists made in 228 Grassroots December 1985. SAC).WesternSchoolsStudent Co-ordinating AssociationsCape Student - CommitteeAction Western Committee Cape; (ISCC); the (WEC-and Inter- the 242241 Isizwe.A new kindJournal of warof the in UnitedNew Era, Democratic p. 14 April Front.public 1987.2 No.Vol. life 1 p.to 16avoid September detention. 1987. 230229 Op.Muller, cit., No.J. 'People's 223. Education and the Revi-wEducationnational 4, p. Crisis 22. Edited Committee' by Glenn in Moss South and African Ingrid 244243 ExamplesThe establishment are the `People's of the Centre Education for DevelopmentFor Teachers'exploresStudies (CDS)policy inis aan post-apartheid example of a society. project which 231 Ibid. For a discussion on People's Education,ContinuingDecemberPeoplesObery, Ravan seeEducation. 1985-May Education, Press, AJohannesburg. 1987. collectionUniversity Centre of of1987. forarticles the Adult Western from and 245 Argus 26 October 1988. UniversitySymposium'held in October of heldthe 1987Western in 1986. and Cape. Boththe `People's were held Culture at the 191 374 247246 InterviewExamples with are theCAYCO services activist and courses d.d 28 July offeredthe(CDRA) 1988. CommunityCentre by and for the Adult 2Development year and part-time Continuing Resource courses Education offered Agency by 248 See note 247. In addition, the CommunitytoProjectunion(CACE) offer Arts and (CAP)three for community adult different has duringeducators organisations.training the lastworking cuurses three withinyears for cultural started trade 249 In November 1989 a conference is beingbyworkers organised Studies(CDS)(CACE)the Centre over and 1,for 2 Adult inorthe conjunction3 years.Centre and Continuing for with Deve!opment several Education other 250 Hobsbawm, E. 'Intellectuals and thethecommunity LabourMovement' 1980s in organisationsorder in to project to andanalyse plan 'thefor thecontext 1990s'. of Marxism Today, p. 220 July 1979.

192 3 o 376 OTHER CACE PUBLICATIONS

People's Education in South Africa: Examination of the Concept Education and Democracy within Community Organisations: Conference Report The Struggle for Democracy: A Case Study of one Community Organisation People's Education: A Collection of Articles from December 1985 to May 1987 Popular Education in International Perspective: A Preliminary Bibliography What is People's Education? An Approach to Running Workshops HOW TO ORDER THEM Telephone: 959 2798 or write to: The Secretary Centre for Adult and Continuing Education P 0 Box X17 BELLVILLE 7530

37/