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Final Study Report 28Th May 2009

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Contract Number: 30-CE-0153799/00-42 “Study on the application of measures concerning the promotion of the distribution and production of European works in audiovisual media services (i.e. including television programmes and non-linear services)” Final Study Report 28th May 2009 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the European Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in the following report. The views expressed are those of the authors. The report does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission, nor does the European Commission accept responsibility for the accuracy of the information contained herein. 1 This report was completed by the following people: Attentional: David Rolfe, David Graham, Farid El-Husseini Rambøll Management: Claus Adamsen, Helle Troelsgaard Pedersen Oliver & Ohlbaum Associates: Godfrey McFall, Theresa Vimmerslev, Sean McGuire Headway International: Arnaud Dupont, Marion Dupeyrat 1. Executive Summary / Résumé / Zusammenfassung.................- 7 - 1.1. English............................................................................- 7 - 1.2. Fran çais ........................................................................ - 19 - 1.3. Deutsch ........................................................................ - 33 - 2. Project Overview ............................................................... - 47 - 2.1. Introduction................................................................... - 47 - 2.2. Modes of Implementation: Legal Report ............................ - 48 - 2.3. The European Supply Chain and Audiovisual Content Creation- 52 - 2.4. Linear data analysis........................................................ - 57 - 2.5. Views from Inside the Audiovisual Industry : Qualitative Research on Linear and Non-Linear Services............................................. - 59 - 2.6. Monitoring of Article 3i .................................................... - 64 - 3. Introduction...................................................................... - 69 - 3.1. The Remit ..................................................................... - 69 - 3.2. Sections of this Report .................................................... - 71 - 4. Modes of Implementation ................................................... - 73 - 4.1. Approach and Methodology.............................................. - 74 - 4.1.1. How Articles 4 and 5 are implemented ........................ - 74 - 4.1.2. On-demand audiovisual services and European Works .. - 75 - 5. How Articles 4 and 5 are Implemented................................. - 76 - 5.1. Transposition of Articles 4 and 5 ...................................... - 76 - 5.1.1. Total qualifying hours ............................................... - 76 - 5.1.2. Qualifying European hours (definition of European works)- 78 - 5.1.3. The ‘where practicable’ clause.................................... - 78 - 5.1.4. European works by independent producers.................. - 80 - 5.1.5. Independent productions – a percentage of turnover or programme hours?................................................................ - 84 - 5.2. Application of Articles 4 and 5 .......................................... - 86 - 5.2.1. Monitoring and verification of channel outputs ............. - 86 - 5.2.2. Sanctions ................................................................ - 87 - 5.3. Stricter Measures Applied to Broadcasters ......................... - 89 - 5.3.1. Introduction ............................................................ - 89 - 5.3.2. Measures to increase the Quantity of Production .......... - 89 - 5.3.3. Measures to enhance the Quality of Productions........... - 92 - 5.3.4. Additional funding to Promote European and Independent Production ........................................................................... - 95 - 5.4. Implementation Modes.................................................... - 98 - 6. On-Demand Audiovisual Services and European Works ........ - 104 - 6.1. Introduction................................................................. - 104 - 6.2. Pre-Existing National Legislation..................................... - 104 - 6.2.1. Belgium (French Community) .................................. - 105 - 6.2.2. France .................................................................. - 106 - 6.3. Implementation of Directive 2007/65 and Pending National Legislation ............................................................................ - 108 - 7. The European TV Supply Chain and Audiovisual Content Creation.... ..................................................................................... - 111 - 7.1. Market Structure and the Supply Chain Framework .......... - 112 - 7.1.1. TV content creation and related rights trading............ - 113 - 7.1.2. Channel management ............................................. - 115 - 7.1.3. On-demand services ............................................... - 115 - 7.1.4. Distribution ........................................................... - 116 - 7.2. Current Market Structure and Flow of Funds Along the Supply Chain .................................................................................. - 117 - 7.2.1. Industry income..................................................... - 117 - 7.2.2. TV distribution and delivery ..................................... - 123 - 7.2.3. On-demand services ............................................... - 131 - 7.2.4. TV broadcasting market .......................................... - 138 - 7.2.5. TV programming .................................................... - 140 - 7.2.6. TV content creation ................................................ - 142 - 7.2.7. Terms of trade ....................................................... - 144 - 7.2.8. Current flow of funds along the supply chain.............. - 145 - 7.2.9. Vertical integration along the value chain .................. - 147 - 7.2.10. Trade................................................................. - 148 - 8. Linear Data Analysis ........................................................ - 150 - 8.1. Methodology ................................................................ - 150 - 8.1.1. Overall objective and approach ................................ - 150 - 8.1.2. Country selection ................................................... - 151 - 8.1.3. Channel selection ................................................... - 151 - 8.1.4. Week selection....................................................... - 156 - 8.2. Classification of programmes ......................................... - 157 - 8.2.1. Origin and contents of primary linear data................. - 157 - 8.2.2. Overall approach to further coding of linear data ........ - 158 - 8.2.3. Determining ‘qualifying programmes’........................ - 159 - 8.2.4. Determining ‘European works’.................................. - 160 - 8.2.5. Determining ‘Independent productions’ ..................... - 163 - 8.2.6. Adequate proportion of ‘Recent works’ ...................... - 165 - 8.2.7. Peak-time definition................................................ - 165 - 8.2.8. Adding ‘viewing’ to ‘transmission’ hours .................... - 165 - 8.3. EU-wide Analysis.......................................................... - 167 - 8.3.1. Contents and objectives .......................................... - 167 - 8.3.2. Classification of Member States / broadcasters........... - 168 - 8.3.3. Qualifying hours..................................................... - 169 - 8.3.4. European works ..................................................... - 171 - 8.3.5. Non-domestic European works ................................. - 174 - 8.3.6. Independent European works................................... - 175 - 8.3.7. Recent independent European works ........................ - 177 - 8.3.8. Stock vs flow programmes ...................................... - 178 - 8.3.9. Analysis of specific regulatory situations.................... - 179 - 8.3.10. A note on the impact of operating within larger markets .... ......................................................................... - 182 - 8.4. Summary of Outputs by Member State ........................... - 184 - 8.4.1. Flemish Community of Belgium ................................ - 184 - 8.4.2. French Community of Belgium ................................. - 191 - 8.4.3. Estonia ................................................................. - 199 - 8.4.4. France .................................................................. - 208 - 8.4.5. Germany............................................................... - 219 - 8.4.6. Ireland.................................................................. - 230 - 8.4.7. Italy ..................................................................... - 238 - 8.4.8. Poland .................................................................. - 247 - 8.4.9. Romania ............................................................... - 257 - 8.4.10. Spain................................................................. - 266 - 8.4.11. Sweden.............................................................. - 277 - 8.4.12. United Kingdom .................................................. - 286 - 9. Views from Inside the Audiovisual Industry......................... - 297 - 9.1. Interview Sample ......................................................... - 297 - 9.2. Building a
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