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Review of Wood Products, Tannins and Exotic Species for Agroforestry in Lower Rainfall Regions

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Review of Wood Products, Tannins and Exotic Species for Agroforestry in Lower Rainfall Regions ReviewReview of of wood wood products, products, tannins tannins and and exotic exotic species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions of southern Australia FLORASEARCH 1C of southern Australia FLORASEARCH 1C Australia Australia Review of wood products, tannins and exotic species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions of southern Australia FLORASEARCH 1C Australia A report for the RIRDC / L&WA / FWPA / MDBC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program Trevor J. Hobbs (ed.) January 2009 © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 478 9 ISSN 1440-6845 Please cite this report as: Hobbs TJ (Ed.) (2008). Review of wood products, tannins and exotic species for lower rainfall regions of southern Australia. FloraSearch 1c. Report to the Joint Venture Agroforestry Program (JVAP) and the Future Farm industries CRC*. RIRDC, Canberra. Publication No. 07/081 Project No. SAR-38A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication. This publication is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. However, wide dissemination is encouraged. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the RIRDC Publications Manager on phone 02 6271 4165. Researcher Contact Details Trevor J. Hobbs SA Dept. of Water, Land & Biodiversity Conservation, Waite Road, Urrbrae SA 5064 Phone: 08 8303 9766 Fax: 08 8303 9555 Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researcher has agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form. RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2, 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected]. Web: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in October 2008 * CRC for Plant-based Management of Dryland Salinity officially concluded operations on 30 June 2007. Its successor the Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre continued to manage CRC PBMDS research projects until 30 June 2008. ii Review of wood products, tannins and exotic species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions of southern Australia Foreword The FloraSearch project was initiated in 2002 to This project was funded by the Joint Venture provide a focus to the development of broad scale Agroforestry Program (JVAP), which was supported woody crops for southern Australia. The project by three R&D corporations – Rural Industries Research focuses on selecting species that can be developed to and Development Corporation (RIRDC), Land & Water supply feedstock for the large-scale markets of wood Australia (LWA), and Forest and Wood Products and energy products. The first phase of the project Research and Development Corporation (FWPRDC)1, has produced three reports: together with the Murray-Darling Basin Commission (MDBC). The R&D corporations were funded principally a) Evaluating agroforestry species and industries by the Australian Government. State and Australian for lower rainfall regions of southeastern Australia governments contributed funds to the MDBC. (FloraSearch 1a) Significant financial and in-kind contributions were b) Agroforestry species profiles for lower rainfall also made by project partners within the Cooperative regions of southeastern Australia (FloraSearch 1b) Research Centre for Plant-based Management of 2 c) Review of wood products, tannins and exotic Dryland Salinity and SA Department of Water, species for agroforestry regions of southern Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Australia (FloraSearch 1c). This report, a new addition to RIRDC’s diverse range This report provides background information and of 1800 research publications, forms part of our methods from three supporting studies undertaken Agroforestry and Farm Forestry R&D program, by project partner Ensis/CSIRO Forestry and Forest which aims to integrate sustainable and productive Products. The first study is an assessment of wood agroforestry within Australian farming systems. testing protocols and results. The second study Most of our publications are available for viewing, evaluates tannin as a product and its potential downloading or purchasing online through our website: market. The third study addresses the possibility n downloads at www.rirdc.gov.au/fullreports/index.html that species from around the world, in similar climatic regions, could be useful crop species and presents a n purchases at www.rirdc.gov.au/eshop review of this option. The rationale for this last study Peter O’Brien was that although the FloraSearch project has Managing Director focused on an evaluation of native species, it Rural Industries Research and recognised that there is a vast pool of unexploited Development Corporation genetic material overseas of unknown commercial value and which is potentially well suited to domestication in Australia. 1 Now Forest & Wood Products Australia (FWPA) 2 Now Future Farm Industries CRC (FFI CRC) Foreword iii Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the Joint Venture The input and helpful advice of project collaborators Agroforestry Program and Murray-Darling Basin and members of the FloraSearch Steering Committee Commission for funding this project, and the support is gratefully acknowledged. This includes John Bartle, of the Cooperative Research Centre for Plant-based Graham Olsen, Ian Nuberg, Peter Milthorpe, Management of Dryland Salinity and SA Department George Frieschmidt, Des Stackpole and John Doran. of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. The reviews reported here were commissioned as part of the FloraSearch project. Mark Ellis and Mike Bennell initiated and administered the contracts through FloraSearch. iv Review of wood products, tannins and exotic species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions of southern Australia Contents Foreword. iii Acknowledgements. iv List of tables. vii List of figures. vii Executive summary. ix Overview. xi 1. Assessment of Australian native woody perennials for potential use in forest products . 1 1.1 Introduction. 1 1.2 Methods. 2 1.2.1 Wood sample preparation. 2 1.2.2 Whole wood basic density . 2 1.2.3 Water soluble extractives. 3 1.2.4 Dichloromethane extractives. 3 1.2.5 Cellulose content. 3 1.2.6 pH and wood meal buffering capacity. 3 1.2.7 Fibre length. 3 1.2.8 Chemical pulping. 4 1.3 Results and Discussion . 4 1.3.1 Basic density, water solubles, pH and pulp yield . 4 1.3.2 Extractives content (hot water and dichloromethane) and cellulose content. 4 1.3.3 pH and buffering capacity. 4 1.3.4 Fibre length. 4 1.3.5 Pulp yield . 4 1.4 Summary. 13 1.4.1 Key results. 13 1.4.2 Application of results and further work. 13 1.5 Recommendations and Conclusions. 13 1.6 Appendix 1 – Results of Analyses in Alphabetical Order. 14 1.7 Appendix 2 – Paper Testing and Pulp Yields Supplementary Report – June 2004. 18 1.7.1 Ranking of paper properties . 19 1.7.2 Mechanical and physical paper properties.. 20 1.7.3 Pulp yields. 22 Contents v 2. Review of tannin product and market potential By K Van Langenberg. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Clayton, Victoria. October 2003.. 23 2.1 Introduction. 23 2.2 Methods. 23 2.3 Results and Discussion . 23 2.3.1 Definition of tannin. 23 2.3.2 Potential products derived from tannin. 24 2.3.3 Extraction technology. 26 2.3.4 Testing procedures for tannin. 27 2.3.5 Tannin markets. 27 2.4 Summary. 29 2.4.1 Key results. 29 2.5 Recommendations and Conclusions. 30 3. Identification of exotic woody perennial species for low-medium rainfall zones in southern Australia By PF Macdonell. CSIRO Forestry and Forest Products, Clayton, Victoria. April 2003.. 31 3.1 Introduction. 31 3.2 Terms of reference. 31 3.3 Methods. 32 3.3.1 Study area. 32 3.3.2 Climatic indicators. 32 3.3.3 Information sources. 33 3.3.4 Selection criteria . 34 3.3.5 Genetic material. 35 3.4 Results (Species Lists). 35 3.4.1 Potentially suitable species. 37 3.4.2 Potentially suitable species from summer rainfall zones. 37 3.4.3 Less suitable species. 37 3.4.4 Excluded species. 37 3.5 Potential Limitations. 53 3.5.1 Climate. 53 3.5.2 Growth rates. 53 3.5.3 Site description . 54 3.5.4 Species trials. 54 3.5.5 Crop type. 54 3.5.6 Weed potential. 55 vi Review of wood products, tannins and exotic species for agroforestry in lower rainfall regions of southern Australia 3.5.7 Seed source. 55 3.5.8 Diseases and pests. 55 3.6 Conclusion. 56 3.7 Acknowledgements . 56 3.8 References. 56 3.9 Appendix 1 – Text of Letter Sent to International Networks. 59 3.10 Appendix 2 – Seed Suppliers. 60 List of tables Table 1. Basic density, hot water solubles content, pH and pulp yield of species investigated, listed in ascending basic density.
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