DOCSLIB.ORG

Tesi Mei.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE Ph.D course in AGRICULTURAL, FOOD and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES XXXI (17° cycle n.s.) Edition VEGETATION, SOIL AND PEDOFAUNA AS PROXY TO UNDERSTAND ECOLOGY OF OSTRYA CARPINIFOLIA FORESTS IN EUROPE academic year 2017/18 Tutor: Prof. Fabio Taffetani Ph. D Student : Giacomo Mei Co-Tutor: Prof. Giuseppe Corti "In nature there are no rewards or punishments; there are consequences. " (Horace Annesley Vachell) …alla mia mamma. Abstract Having identified the Ostrya carpinifolia forests as one of the most widespread forest types in the Apennines-Balkan bio-geographical region and having highlighted the shortage of studies, and the lack of inclusion of these coenoses in the habitats described at European level, the main purpose of the Ph.D research project, summarized in this work, was to provide useful data to understand the ecological value, the dynamics, the potentiality and the threats of these coenoses. In order to provide an image as complete as possible, the project was articulated into three key points. (I) The analysis of the dynamics related to traditional coppice management, its modification and abandonment, useful to identify the optimum duration of the rotation and the ecological effects of the abandonment, carried out through the in-depth study of coenoses during different moments of the rotations examined and after a decades of abandonment in the Apennines areas. (II) The investigation of the effects of ecological isolation on these coenoses, useful in establishing the ecological value of the existing isolated coenoses, the current dynamics and the identification of a minimal area of intervention, carried out by in-depth study of the residual Ostrya carpinifolia woods present in the territory of the Marche region. (III) A preliminary census of these forest formations along the Italian and Balkan territories, carried out by collecting floristic-vegetational, pedological, structural and management data of these coenoses at the whole geographic distribution range. The main result of this large data collection campaign is the creation of datasets related to the ecological and management characteristics, regarding the entire distribution area and all the different management phases. The interpolation and reworking of these data allow to increase the understanding of these forest formations, making it possible to interpret dynamics and evaluate the real ecological value characterizing the Ostrya carpinifolia forests. These aspects are still difficult to deal with, given the data presently available in literature, but fundamental to build dynamic forecast models. Models necessary for the drafting of real useful management and landscaping plans. The studies carried out and here reported show how these formations, commonly labelled as not very interesting under the ecological point of view, are instead characterized by a particularly rich flora, a very lively dynamism and highlight a strong resilience. Therefore, these coenoses should not be interpreted as transitory or recovery phases of more "mature" coenoses, but real stable semi-natural forest formations very rich in terms of biodiversity, now threatened by widespread abandonment, exactly like the secondary prairies habitats. Keywords: Ostrya carpinifolia ; Forest management; Coppice; Abandonment, Flora; Vegetation; Soil; Pedofauna; Landscape; Biodiversity. Riassunto Identificati i boschi di Ostrya carpinifolia come una delle formazioni forestali più diffuse e caratteristiche della regione biogeografica Appennino-Balcanica e rilevata la carenza di studi e dati nonché la mancata inclusione di queste cenosi tra gli Habitat descritti a livello Europeo, lo scopo principale del progetto di ricerca sviluppato durante il dottorato e riassunto in questo lavoro, è stato quello di fornire dati utili per comprendere il valore ecologico, la dinamica, le potenzialità e le minacce di queste cenosi. Al fine di fornire un quadro il più completo possibile, il progetto è stato articolato in tre punti chiave. (I) L'analisi delle dinamiche relative alla gestione tradizionale del ceduo, la sua modifica e il suo abbandono. Fondamentale per definire la durata ottimale del turno e gli effetti ecologici dell'abbandono, è condotta attraverso lo studio approfondito delle cenosi in diversi momenti del turno e successivamente all’abbandono gestionale, nelle aree appenniniche. (II) Lo studio degli effetti dell'isolamento ecologico su queste cenosi. Utile per delineare il valore ecologico delle cenosi isolate esistenti, le dinamiche attuali e l'individuazione di un'area minima di intervento; condotto mediante uno studio approfondito dei boschi residui di Ostrya carpinifolia presenti nel territorio della regione Marche. (III) Il censimento preliminare di queste formazioni sul territorio Italiano e Balcanico, imperniato sulla raccolta di dati floristico-vegetazionali, pedologici, strutturali e gestionali di queste cenosi a scala di areale. Il risultato principale di questa ampia campagna di raccolta dati è la creazione di set di dati relativi alle caratteristiche ecologiche e gestionali, riguardanti l'intera area di distribuzione e tutte le diverse fasi di gestione. L'interpolazione e la rielaborazione di questi dati permette infatti di migliorare la comprensione delle formazioni forestali in esame, rendendo possibile interpretare le dinamiche e valutare il reale valore ecologico che caratterizza le foreste di Ostrya Carpinifolia . Aspetti questi, difficilmente affrontabili con i dati fino ad oggi disponibili in letteratura, ma che assumono un ruolo chiave nella realizzazione di modelli di previsione dinamici su base ecologica, sostanziali al fine della pianificazione forestale e paesaggistica. Gli studi effettuati e riportati in questa sede, mostrano come queste formazioni, comunemente etichettate come poco interessanti da un punto di vista ecologico, siano invece caratterizzate da una flora particolarmente ricca, un dinamismo molto vivace e da una forte resilienza. Pertanto, queste cenosi non devono essere interpretate come fasi transitorie o di recupero di cenosi più "mature", ma formazioni forestali semi-naturali stabili, molto ricche in termini di biodiversità ed oggi minacciate dal diffuso abbandono, esattamente come gli habitat di prateria secondaria. Parole Chiave: Ostrya carpinifolia ; Gestione forestale; Ceduo; Abbandono; Flora; Vegetazione; Suolo; Pedofauna; Paesaggio; Biodiversità. Contents 1 Introduction 5 PART I - Phylogenesis, taxonomy and morphology of Ostrya carpinifolia 6 Elements of phylogenetics and taxonomy 9 Morphology and anatomy 10 Synthetic descriptors 10 Taxonomic synonyms 11 Possible confusions 12 Suckers emission capacity 12 Growth dinamycs 22 Characteristics of wood and its use 23 Elements of Physiology 27 PART II – Distribution, typification and management of the Ostrya carpinifolia forests 28 Chorology 29 Distribution in Italy 31 Distribution in the Balkans 31 Distribution in Greece 32 Distribution in Turkey 33 Typification of the different Ostrya carpinifolia forests. 36 Traditional management techniques, modern trends and current status 38 PART III - Effects of traditional management, its modification and interruption 39 Introduction 39 Effects on vegetation, topsoil and seed bank. 53 Humus forms as dynamic indicator of the environmental status of coppice forests 57 Effects on top-soil and mesofauna composition 64 General overview 70 Ostrya carpinifolia forests in the Balkans: actual knowledge, structural, silvicoltural and ecological features 74 PART IV - Effects of ecological isolation 75 Residual forests in the Marche region: distribution and main characteristics 76 The census of the residual forests 89 Ecological isolation and Mesofauna 91 PART V – Floristic studies 92 Introduction 92 Review and upgrade of the floristic knowledges of forest formations in Ostrya carpinifolia . 94 Reporting of new species for some regions or for entire geographical areas. 94 Updates to the national checklist 96 New species for large biogeographic areas 97 Conclusion 101 Bibliography Annexes: - Vegetation, topsoil and seed-bank modification during coppice rotation and after ten years of abandonment in a Ostrya carpinifolia forest in central Italy. (research article) - Cystopteris dickieana R.Sim (Cystopteridaceae) a new species in Croatian flora. (Short communication) - First observation of Ehrharta erecta (Poaceae, Ehrhartoideae) in Sicily and its distribution in Italy (research article) - Contribution to the flora of Asian and European countries: new national and regional vascular plant records, 8 (research article) - Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 3 (research article) - Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 5 (research article) - Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 6 (research article) - Notulae to the Italian native vascular flora: 6 (research article) - Observation de Salix×aurigerana Lapeyr. en Andorre (Short communication) - Abstract convegni nazionali e internazionali - Vegetazione, Suolo e Dinamiche ecologiche nel corso del turno in un Ostrieto mesofilo (in italian) - Biodiversity2016 - Ceduazione, Biodiversità e paesaggio risposte dell'ecosistema alla selvicoltura del ceduo. (in Italian) - Mesofauna del suolo come proxy per la comprensione delle dinamiche ecologiche legate a isolamento e abbandono delle cenosi forestali residue. Risultati preliminari. (in Italian) - Cronosequenza delle forme di humus come indicatore del dinamismo ambientale degli ostrieti appenninici (in Italian) - Ecological dynamics, vegetation
Recommended publications
  • Their Botany, Essential Oils and Uses 6.86 MB

    Their Botany, Essential Oils and Uses 6.86 MB

    MELALEUCAS THEIR BOTANY, ESSENTIAL OILS AND USES Joseph J. Brophy, Lyndley A. Craven and John C. Doran MELALEUCAS THEIR BOTANY, ESSENTIAL OILS AND USES Joseph J. Brophy School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales Lyndley A. Craven Australian National Herbarium, CSIRO Plant Industry John C. Doran Australian Tree Seed Centre, CSIRO Plant Industry 2013 The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. ACIAR operates as part of Australia's international development cooperation program, with a mission to achieve more productive and sustainable agricultural systems, for the benefit of developing countries and Australia. It commissions collaborative research between Australian and developing-country researchers in areas where Australia has special research competence. It also administers Australia's contribution to the International Agricultural Research Centres. Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination against any product by ACIAR. ACIAR MONOGRAPH SERIES This series contains the results of original research supported by ACIAR, or material deemed relevant to ACIAR’s research and development objectives. The series is distributed internationally, with an emphasis on developing countries. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2013 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected] Brophy J.J., Craven L.A. and Doran J.C. 2013. Melaleucas: their botany, essential oils and uses. ACIAR Monograph No. 156. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra.
  • Lemon Bottlebrush

    Lemon Bottlebrush

    www.milazzoflora.it Lemon bottlebrush Melaleuca citrina, commonly known as common red, crimson or lemon bottlebrush, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to New South Wales and Victoria in Australia. (Callistemon citrinus and Callistemon lanceolatus is an older name.) It is a hardy and adaptable species, common in its natural habitat. Its showy red flower spikes, present over most of the year in an ideal situation, account for its popularity. Melaleuca citrina is a shrub growing to 5 m (20 ft) tall but more usually in the range 1–3 m (3–10 ft) high and wide. The flowers are red and arranged in spikes on the ends of branches that continue to grow after flowering and sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. Melaleuca citrina occurs in near coastal areas of New South Wales, including the Blue Mountains and extends as far west as the Central Western Slopes. It also occurs in the east coast areas of Victoria and grows in swamps and along creeks and rivers. The cultivar Splendens, is a form with a compact and rounded habit, growing to about 4 metres high and wide. Category: Flowering shrubs Families: Myrtaceae Genus: Melaleuca Species: citrinus "Splendens" Geographical Area of Origin: Oceania Climatic Zones: Sub-tropical, USDA 10 b (Southern Italy and islands) Habit: Shrub Leaves: Evergreen Colore Foglie: Verde Flowering Period: Aprile / Maggio / Giugno / Luglio / Agosto / Settembre / Ottobre Flower: Ear Colore Fiori: Rosso Favorite soil: Sub-acid / medium acid / Middle-Dough / Medium soil Milazzo Flora - www.milazzoflora.it www.milazzoflora.it Water needs: Medium Light Exposure: Full light / Full sun / Medium shade / Half shade Form: Tree / Grown as shrub / bush Colore Frutti: Marrone Milazzo Flora - www.milazzoflora.it.
  • TAXON:Pluchea Carolinensis SCORE:16.0 RATING:High Risk

    TAXON:Pluchea Carolinensis SCORE:16.0 RATING:High Risk

    TAXON: Pluchea carolinensis SCORE: 16.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Pluchea carolinensis Family: Asteraceae Common Name(s): cattletongue Synonym(s): Conyza carolinensis Jacq. (basionym) cure-for-all Pluchea odorata auct. nonn. shrubby fleabane Pluchea symphytifolia auct. sourbush stinking fleabane sweet-scent tabat-diable wild tobacco Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 11 May 2015 WRA Score: 16.0 Designation: H(Hawai'i) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Weedy Shrub, Aromatic, Hybridizes, Thicket-forming, Wind-dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric
  • Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae

    Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae

    molecules Review Structures and Bioactive Properties of Myrtucommulones and Related Acylphloroglucinols from Myrtaceae Rosario Nicoletti 1,2 , Maria Michela Salvatore 3 , Pasquale Ferranti 2 and Anna Andolfi 3,* 1 Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, 81100 Caserta, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Agriculture, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80126 Naples, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: andolfi@unina.it; Tel.: +39-081-2539179 Academic Editors: Francesco Vinale and Maria Luisa Balestrieri Received: 2 December 2018; Accepted: 17 December 2018; Published: 19 December 2018 Abstract: Myrtaceae are a group of plants that include a number of renowned species used in ethnomedicine in many areas worldwide. Their valuable therapeutic properties have stimulated a fruitful research activity addressed to the identification of the bioactive components of their extracts yielding a great diversity of terpenes; polyphenols; and other exclusive products. Among the latter, starting with the discovery of myrtucommulone A from myrtle (Myrtus communis), a series of structurally-related acylphloroglucinol compounds have been characterized from several species that represent the basic active principles to be considered in view of possible drug development. Aspects concerning chemical and biological properties of these products are reviewed in the present paper. Keywords: myrtucommulone; acylphloroglucinols; Myrtaceae; plant extracts; biological activities 1. Introduction Myrtle (Myrtus communis) is a typical shrub of maquis and coastal bushes native of the Mediterranean area and Western Asia. It is well-known in traditional medicine, and for centuries its leaves and berries have found ethnomedical application in the treatment of several disorders of the digestive apparatus, as well as pulmonary and skin diseases [1,2].
  • Oil and Fatty Acids in Seed of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena

    Oil and Fatty Acids in Seed of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena

    American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Original Research Paper Oil and Fatty Acids in Seed of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) and Some Related and Unrelated Solanum Species 1Robert Jarret, 2Irvin Levy, 3Thomas Potter and 4Steven Cermak 1Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA 2Department of Chemistry, Gordon College, 255 Grapevine Road, Wenham, MA 01984 USA 3Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, Georgia 31793 USA 4Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio-Oils Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604 USA Article history Abstract: The seed oil content of 305 genebank accessions of eggplant Received: 30-09-2015 (Solanum melongena ), five related species ( S. aethiopicum L., S. incanum Revised: 30-11-2015 L., S. anguivi Lam., S. linnaeanum Hepper and P.M.L. Jaeger and S. Accepted: 03-05-2016 macrocarpon L.) and 27 additional Solanum s pecies, was determined by NMR. Eggplant ( S. melongena ) seed oil content varied from 17.2% (PI Corresponding Author: Robert Jarret 63911317471) to 28.0% (GRIF 13962) with a mean of 23.7% (std. dev = Department of Agriculture, 2.1) across the 305 samples. Seed oil content in other Solanum species Agricultural Research Service, varied from 11.8% ( S. capsicoides-PI 370043) to 44.9% ( S. aviculare -PI Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 420414). Fatty acids were also determined by HPLC in genebank 1109 Experiment Street, accessions of S. melongena (55), S. aethiopicum (10), S. anguivi (4), S. Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA incanum (4) and S.
  • Shedding New Light on the Origin and Spread of the Brinjal Eggplant ( Solanum Melongena L.) and Its Wild Relatives

    Shedding New Light on the Origin and Spread of the Brinjal Eggplant ( Solanum Melongena L.) and Its Wild Relatives

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Shedding new light on the origin and spread of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild relatives Xavier Aubriot 1,2,5 , Sandra Knapp1 , Mindy M. Syfert 1 , Péter Poczai 3 , and Sven Buerki 1,4,5 Manuscript received 16 February 2018 ; revision accepted 4 May 2018 . PREMISE OF THE STUDY: While brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the second most 1 Department of Life Sciences , Natural History Museum , Cromwell important solanaceous fruit crop, we lack fi rm knowledge of its evolutionary relationships. Road , London SW7 5BD , England , UK This in turn limits effi cient use of crop wild relatives in eggplant improvement. Here, we 2 Unité Mixte de Recherche 6553 Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution examine the hypothesis of linear step- wise expansion of the eggplant group from Africa to (ECOBIO) , Observatoire des Sciences de l ’ Univers de Rennes, Centre Asia. National de la Recherche Scientifi que, Université de Rennes 1 , Rennes CEDEX , France METHODS: We use museum collections to generate nuclear and full- plastome data for all 3 Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History , University of species of the Eggplant clade. We combine a phylogenomic approach with distribution Helsinki , PO Box 7 , Helsinki FI-00014 , Finland data to infer a biogeographic scenario for the clade. 4 Department of Biological Sciences , Boise State University , 1910 University Drive , Boise , Idaho 83725 , U.S.A. KEY RESULTS: The Eggplant clade has Pleistocene origins in northern Africa. Dispersals to 5 Authors for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ; tropical Asia gave rise to Solanum insanum, the wild progenitor of the eggplant, and to [email protected] ) African distinct lineages of widespread and southern African species.
  • Evaluation of Gratiana Spadicea (Klug, 1829) and Metriona Elatior

    Evaluation of Gratiana Spadicea (Klug, 1829) and Metriona Elatior

    Evaluation of Gratiana spadicea (Klug, 1829) and Metriona elatior (Klug, 1829) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) for the biological control of sticky nightshade Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae) in South Africa. THESIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of Rhodes University by MARTIN PATRICK HILL December 1994 · FRONTISPIECE Top Row (Left to Right): Gratiana spadicea adults and egg case; Gratiana spadicea larvae; Gratiana spadicea pupae. Centre: Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade). Bottom Row (Left to Right): Metriona elatior adults; Metriona elatior larvae; Metriona elatior pupae. 11 PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THIS STUDY Parts of the research presented in this thesis, already accepted for publication are the following: Hill, M.P., P.E. Hulley and T.Olckers 1993. Insect herbivores on the exotic w~eds Solanum elaeagnifolium Cavanilles and S. sisymbrilfolium Lamarck (Solanaceae) in South Africa. African Entomology 1: 175-182. Hill, M.P. and P.E. Hulley 1995. Biology and host range of Gratiana spadicea (Klug, 1829) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), a potential biological control agent for the weed Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae) in South Africa. Biological Control, in press. Hill, M.P. and P.E. Hulley 1995. Host range extension by native parasitoids to weed biocontrol agents introduced to South Africa. Biological Control, in press. 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS lowe a huge debt of gratitude to my supervisor, Professor P.E. Hulley for his guidance, support and enthusiasm throughout this project, and.for teaching me to think things through properly. He must also be thanked for constructive comments on earlier drafts of the thesis and for allowing me to use much of his unpublished data on insects associated with native Solanum species.
  • Solanum Mauritianum (Woolly Nightshade)

    Solanum Mauritianum (Woolly Nightshade)

    ERMA New Zealand Evaluation and Review Report Application for approval to import for release of any New Organisms under section 34(1)(a) of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Application for approval to import for release Gargaphia decoris (Hemiptera, Tingidae), for the biological control of Solanum mauritianum (woolly nightshade). Application NOR08003 Prepared for the Environmental Risk Management Authority Summary This application is for the import and release of Gargaphia decoris (lace bug) for use as a biological control agent for the control of Solanum mauritianum (woolly nightshade). Woolly nightshade is a rapid growing small (10m) tree that grows in agricultural, coastal and forest areas. It flowers year round, and produces high numbers of seeds that are able to survive for long periods before germinating. It forms dense stands that inhibit the growth of other species through overcrowding, shading and production of inhibitory substances. It is an unwanted organism and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. The woolly nightshade lace bug (lace bug) is native to South America, and was introduced to South Africa as a biological control agent for woolly nightshade in 1995. Success of the control programme in South Africa has been limited to date. The lace bug has been selected as a biological control agent because of its high fecundity, high feeding rates, gregarious behaviours and preference for the target plant. Host range testing has indicated that the lace bug has a physiological host range limited to species within the genus Solanum, and that in choice tests woolly nightshade is the preferred host by a significant margin.
  • (Solanum Melongena L.; Solanaceae) and Its Wild Relatives

    (Solanum Melongena L.; Solanaceae) and Its Wild Relatives

    Title Shedding new light on the origin and spread of the brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and its wild relatives Authors Aubriot, X; Knapp, S; Syfert, MM; Poczai, P; Buerki, S Date Submitted 2018-08-18 1Shedding new light on the origin and spread of the brinjal 2eggplant (Solanum melongena L.; Solanaceae) and its wild 3relatives 4 5Xavier Aubriot1, 2, Sandra Knapp1, Mindy Syfert1, Péter Poczai3, Sven Buerki1, 4 71 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, 8England, UK. 92 Unité Mixte de Recherche 6553 Écosystèmes, Biodiversité, Évolution (ECOBIO), Observatoire des 10Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes 111, Rennes CEDEX, France. 123 Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, Helsinki FI- 1300014, Finland. 144 Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, Idaho 1583725, U.S.A. 16 17Authors for correspondence: Xavier Aubriot, Tel: +33 623 744 393, Email: xavier.aubriot@univ- 18rennes1.fr; Sven Buerki, Tel: +1 208 426 3262, Email: [email protected] 19 20ABSTRACT 21PREMISE OF THE STUDY: While brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the second most 22important solanaceaous vegetable crop, we lack firm knowledge of its evolutionary relationships. This 23in turn limits efficient use of crop wild relatives in eggplant improvement. Here, we examine the 24hypothesis of linear step-wise expansion of the eggplant group from Africa to Asia. 25METHODS: We use museum collections to generate nuclear and full-plastome data for all species of 26the eggplant clade. We combine a phylogenomic approach with distribution data to infer a 27biogeographic scenario for the clade.
  • Landcorp Denmark East Development Precinct Flora and Fauna Survey

    Landcorp Denmark East Development Precinct Flora and Fauna Survey

    LandCorp Denmark East Development Precinct Flora and Fauna Survey October 2016 Executive summary Introduction Through the Royalties for Regions “Growing our South” initiative, the Shire of Denmark has received funding to provide a second crossing of the Denmark River, to upgrade approximately 6.5 km of local roads and to support the delivery of an industrial estate adjacent to McIntosh Road. GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) was commissioned by LandCorp to undertake a biological assessment of the project survey area. The purpose of the assessment was to identify and describe flora, vegetation and fauna within the survey area. The outcomes of the assessment will be used in the environmental assessment and approvals process and will identify the possible need for, and scope of, further field investigations will inform environmental impact assessment of the road upgrades. The survey area is approximately 68.5 ha in area and includes a broad area of land between Scotsdale Road and the Denmark River and the road reserve and adjacent land along East River Road and McIntosh Road between the Denmark Mt Barker Road and South Western Highway. A 200 m section north and south along the Denmark Mt Barker Road from East River Road was also surveyed. The biological assessment involved a desktop review and three separate field surveys, including a winter flora and fauna survey, spring flora and fauna survey and spring nocturnal fauna survey. Fauna surveys also included the use of movement sensitive cameras in key locations. Key biological aspects The key biological aspects and constraints identified for the survey area are summarised in the following table.
  • Open Space Landscape Infrastructure Manual DISCLAIMER

    Open Space Landscape Infrastructure Manual DISCLAIMER

    Sunshine Coast Open Space Landscape Infrastructure Manual Planting www.sunshinecoast.qld.gov.au Index (INDEX) 1.0 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 2 2.0 Explanatory notes for planting palette index ............................................................. 3 3.0 Index 6 Large / Tall Trees ....................................................................................................................... 7 Medium Trees .......................................................................................................................... 16 Small Trees ............................................................................................................................. 22 Large Shrubs ........................................................................................................................... 29 Small to Medium Shrubs ......................................................................................................... 34 Groundcovers, Borders and Tufted or Clumping Plants .......................................................... 40 Palms, Pandans, Cordylines, Cycads and Grass Trees .......................................................... 46 Ferns........................................................................................................................................48 Climbers...................................................................................................................................50
  • Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) of Western Australia: Five New Species, Three New Combinations, One New Name and a New State Record

    Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) of Western Australia: Five New Species, Three New Combinations, One New Name and a New State Record

    L.A.Nuytsia Craven, 20: 27–36 B.J. Lepschi (2010) & K.J. Cowley, Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) of Western Australia 27 Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) of Western Australia: five new species, three new combinations, one new name and a new state record Lyn A. Craven1, Brendan J. Lepschi and Kirsten J. Cowley Australian National Herbarium, CPBR, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601 1 Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract Craven, L.A., Lepschi, B.J. & Cowley, K.J. Melaleuca (Myrtaceae) of Western Australia: five new species, three new combinations, one new name and a new state record. Nuytsia 20: 27–36(2010). Recent work has resulted in the recognition of five new species of Melaleuca from the south-west of Western Australia: M. genialis Lepschi, M. ochroma Lepschi, M. protrusa Craven & Lepschi, M. sophisma Lepschi, and M. ulicoides Craven & Lepschi. Reassessment of the taxonomic status of three previously described taxa shows that specific rank is warranted and the following three new combinations are made: M. acutifolia (Benth.) Craven & Lepschi, M. calcicola (Barlow ex Craven) Craven & Lepschi, and M. spectabilis (Barlow ex Craven) Craven & Lepschi. Melaleuca citrina Turcz. is a later homonym of M. citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours. and the replacement name M. lutea Craven is provided. Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes, hitherto known only from eastern Australia has recently been collected from the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. Introduction Melaleuca L. is one of the larger genera of Myrtaceae and, as it is currently circumscribed, contains about 280 species. The genus is predominantly Australian with indigenous taxa also occurring in Malesia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Tasmania.