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Medicinal Plant Research Volume 12 Number 2, 10 January, 2018 ISSN 1996-0875

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Medicinal Plant Research Volume 12 Number 2, 10 January, 2018 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plant Research Volume 12 Number 2, 10 January, 2018 ISSN 1996-0875 ABOUT JMPR The Journal of Medicinal Plant Research is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. The Journal of Medicinal Plants Research (JMPR) is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (weekly) of articles in all areas of Medicinal Plants research, Ethnopharmacology, Fitoterapia, Phytomedicine etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles published in JMPR are peer reviewed. Electronic submission of manuscripts is strongly encouraged, provided that the text, tables, and figures are included in a single Microsoft Word file (preferably in Arial font). Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editors Prof. Akah Peter Achunike Prof. Parveen Bansal Editor-in-chief Department of Biochemistry Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and University of Nigeria, Nsukka Research Nigeria Chandigarh India. Associate Editors Dr. Ravichandran Veerasamy AIMST University Dr. Ugur Cakilcioglu Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling - Elazıg Directorate of National Education 08100, Turkey. Kedah, Malaysia. Dr. Jianxin Chen Dr. Sayeed Ahmad Information Center, Herbal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Beijing, China Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard 100029, University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, China. India. Dr. Hassan Sher Dr. Cheng Tan Department of Botany and Microbiology, Department of Dermatology, first Affiliated Hospital College of Science, of Nanjing Univeristy of King Saud University, Riyadh Traditional Chinese Medicine. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. 210029 Dr. Jin Tao Professor and Dong-Wu Scholar, Dr. Naseem Ahmad Department of Neurobiology, Young Scientist (DST, FAST TRACK Scheme) Medical College of Soochow University, Plant Biotechnology Laboratory 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Department of Botany Suzhou Industrial Park, Aligarh Muslim University Suzhou 215123, Aligarh- 202 002,(UP) P.R.China. India. Dr. Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon Dr. Isiaka A. Ogunwande Department of Biological Science, Dept. Of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Ubon Ratchathani University, Nigeria. Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand. Editorial Board Prof Hatil Hashim EL-Kamali Dr. Arash Kheradmand Omdurman Islamic University, Botany Department, Lorestan University, Sudan. Iran. Prof. Dr. Muradiye Nacak Prof Dr Cemşit Karakurt Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology Gaziantep University, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. Turkey. Dr. Sadiq Azam Samuel Adelani Babarinde Department of Biotechnology, Department of Crop and Environmental Protection, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Pakistan. Ogbomoso Nigeria. Kongyun Wu Department of Biology and Environment Engineering, Dr.Wafaa Ibrahim Rasheed Guiyang College, Professor of Medical Biochemistry National Research Center China. Cairo Egypt. Prof Swati Sen Mandi Division of plant Biology, Bose Institute India. Dr. Ujjwal Kumar De Indian Vetreinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243122 Veterinary Medicine, India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Table of Contents: Volume 12 Number 2 10 January, 2018 ARTICLES Woody species from the Mozambican Miombo woodlands: A review on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological potential 15 Isabel Moura, Jossias Alberto Duvane, Maria José Silva, Natasha Ribeiro and Ana Isabel Ribeiro-Barros Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to manage HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections in Rungwe, Mbeya Region, Tanzania 32 Suma F. Kibonde, Suzana Augustino, Faith P. Mabiki and Robinson Mdegela Vol. 12(2), pp. 15-31, 10 January, 2018 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2017.6540 Article Number: E4D42B055602 ISSN 1996-0875 Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Copyright © 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Review Woody species from the Mozambican Miombo woodlands: A review on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological potential Isabel Moura1*, Jossias Alberto Duvane2, Maria José Silva1, Natasha Ribeiro3 and Ana Isabel 1 Ribeiro-Barros 1Plant-Environment Interactions and Biodiversity Lab (Plant Stress and Biodiversity), LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture (ISA), University of Lisbon (ULisboa), Portugal. 2Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique. 3Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique. Received 13 November, 2017; Accepted 2 January, 2018 Miombo woodlands cover about two thirds of Mozambique national territory. They provide a wide collection of goods and services to the formal and informal economies. A review on the traditional uses of 15 Miombo tree species in human and animal health, as well as the status of research towards the identification of bioactive compounds is presented. Among the 15 species selected, 12 have been screened for their biological activity and/or pharmacological properties and/or toxicity. The information gathered in this work is a key to further exploit potential new uses and future opportunities for research and valorization of the selected species. Key words: Ethnobotanical, medicinal plants, Miombo woodlands, non timber forest products. INTRODUCION Miombo is the most widespread deciduous woodland Species composition and structure of Miombo woodlands formation in Africa, stretching across southern Africa in a vary along a rainfall gradient across the Miombo belt from Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo ecoregion (Campbell, 1996). Consequently, Miombo in the west to Mozambique in the east, covering an area woodlands are divided into dry and wet according to the of about 2.7 km2 (Campbell, 1996). It is characterized by zone rainfall. Besides the interest of their biodiversity, the dominance of few woody species in the genera Miombo woodlands also play an important environmental Brachystegia (Miombo in local languages), Julbernardia role in energy, water and carbon balances (Campbell, and Isoberlinia (Fabaceae family). However, plant 1996). Over the last decades, the ecological dynamics of diversity is significant with 8,500 species, half of which Miombo has been progressively disturbed by a are endemic and 4% are trees (Ribeiro, 2007; Dewees et combination of changes in the global climatic pattern, al., 2011). herbivory/grazing and human activities (Ribeiro, 2007). *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +351 213653563. Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License 16 J. Med. Plants Res. There is an increased concern that such scenarium may future opportunities for research and valorization of result in a considerable loss of the woodlands, with Miombo species as well as to enhance the need for their changes in biodiversity and biomass causing preservation. modifications on the pattern of goods and services provided by the ecosystem. In Mozambique, Miombo woodlands occur north of METHODOLOGY Limpopo River and occupy approximately two-thirds of An extensive literature retrieval from scientific journals, books, the country, dry Miombo being the most common type reports, theses and conference papers was used to obtain the (White, 1983). Dry Miombo has a structure of an "open required information. Key words included plant species and forest" with two strata: the upper storey composed of recognized author names. Personal contacts were made with woody vegetation and the lower storey composed of Miombo researchers for less accessible literature. Data collected grass and herbaceous elements. The vegetation is included ethnomedicinal uses and research on biological and pharmacological activities of the selected tree species. Scientific floristically poorer than the wet Miombo and is dominated names were validated via The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). by the presence of Brachystegia spiciformis, B. boehmii and Julbernardia globiflora. Canopy height is generally less than 15 m in height (Ribeiro, 2007). Selection of tree species According to the National Statistics Institute (INE, 2016) Fifteen tree species from dry Miombo woodlands were selected for about 70% of Mozambican population live in rural areas this review (Table 1). Across Miombo woodlands these species are relying directly upon a variety of products harvested from used for multiple purposes, such as timber, charcoal and firewood, the woodlands for their daily subsistence as well as for food, honey collection and raw materials for different activities their economic, spiritual and cultural needs (Bruschi et (Bruschi et al., 2014). The selected species were also identified as al., 2014). Non-timber forest products (NTFP) have the most ecologically important by Ribeiro (2007) in one of the most always constituted a large part of the forest economy in pristine Miombo areas in Africa, the Niassa National Reserve, located in Northern Mozambique. The area
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