DOCSLIB.ORG

Identification and Quantification of Suspended Solids and Their Effects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Leibniz - Institut für Meereswissenschaften Identifi cation and quantifi cation of suspended solids and their effects in modern marine recirculation systems Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Jaime Orellana Kiel, 2006 Referent: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Harald Rosenthal Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietrich Schnack Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.01.2007 Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel, den Der Dekan Table of contents Summary 9 Zusammenfassung 11 1 Introduction 13 1.1 General aspects towards aquaculture infrastructure 13 1.2 General background research on recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) 14 1.3 Why are particles in RAS so harmful and their removal essential? 15 1.4 Solid removal in recirculation systems 18 1.5 Particle characteristics and size distribution 20 1.6 Objectives 22 2 Materials and Methods 25 2.1 Origin and characterisation of the fish material used in this study 25 2.1.1 Chronology of the scientific experimentations and relevant events related to this study 25 2.2 The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) 25 2.2.1 Swirl separator: first step of suspended solids separation 30 2.2.2 Foam fractionator: second step of suspended solid separation 31 2.2.2.1 Enhanced foam fractionation with ozone 35 2.2.3 Biological filtration: nitrification 37 2.2.3 Rearing tanks 40 2.3 Secondary unit 41 2.3.1 Control of pH 41 2.4 Data recording of water physics in the RAS 42 2.4.1 Temperature and salinity in the system 42 2.4.2 Dissolved oxygen concentration 42 2.4.3 Measurement of pH values 42 2.4.4 Measuring points 43 2.5 Feed composition and feeding amount 43 2.6 Determination of growth, mortality, feed conversion ratio and condition factor 44 2.6.1 Growth 44 2.6.2 Specific growth rate 45 2.6.3 Mortality 45 2.6.4 Food conversion ratio 45 2.6.5 Condition factor 46 2.6.6 Grading 46 2.6.7 Fish quality 47 2.7 Determination of dissolved nutrients 49 2.7.1 Water sampling 49 2.7.2 Calibration of the analytical methods 51 2.7.3 Determination of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations 51 2.7.3.1 Determination methods 51 2.7.3.2 Calibration of the measuring methods 53 - 2.7.4 Determination of nitrite-nitrogen (NO2 -N) concentrations 54 2.7.4.1 Determination method 54 2.7.4.2 Calibration of the measuring method 55 - 2.7.5 Determination of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 -N) concentrations 56 2.7.5.1 Determination method 56 2.7.5.2 Calibration of the measuring method 57 -3 2.7.6 Determination of the phosphorus (PO4 ) concentrations 59 2.7.6.1 Determination method 59 2.7.6.2 Calibration of the measuring method 59 2.8 Analysis of the solid waste 61 2.8.1 Solid waste in the swirl separator: sampling and preparation for analysis 61 2.8.2 Solid waste in the foam fractionator: sampling and preparation for analysis 63 2.8.3 Analysis for the determination of carbon and nitrogen content in the solids 63 2.8.4 Analysis for the determination of phosphorus content in the solids 63 2.8.5 Analysis for the determination of energy content in the solids 64 2.8.6 Analysis for the determination of ashfree organic content 65 2.9 Particle size analysis 65 2.10 Optical examination of particulate matter in the RAS 66 2.11 Bacteria in the RAS 66 2.11.1 Bacteria number, biomass and survival percentage 66 2.11.1.1 Method I: Total bacteria number and bacteria biomass 67 2.11.1.2 Method II: Heterotrophic plate count 69 2.11.2 Microscopic examination of bacteria 70 2.12 Water flow in the RAS 71 3 Results 73 3.1 Growth performance of Dicentrarchus labrax 74 3.1.1 Weight and length increment over time 74 3.1.2 Specific growth rate 77 3.1.3 Feeding and feed amount 79 3.1.4 Feed conversion ratio 81 3.1.5 Condition factor 81 3.1.6 Mortality 83 3.1.7 Fish yield and quality 84 3.2 Water physical characteristics in the culture system 86 3.2.1 Temperature and salinity 86 3.2.2 Dissolved oxygen concentration 87 3.2.3 pH in the culture system 88 3.3 Dissolved nutrients concentrations in the culture system 89 3.3.1 Water renewal (exchange) 89 3.3.2 Water quality in the outlet of the swirl separator 90 3.3.3 Water quality in the inlet and outlet of the biofilter (nitrification) 94 3.3.4 Water quality in the outlet of the foam fractionator 99 3.3.5 Water quality in the outlet of the additional biofilter 105 3.3.6 Water quality in the inlet of the fish tanks 109 3.4 Particulate matter in the culture system 112 3.4.1 Nutrients, organic and energy composition of the solid matter in the RAS 112 3.4.2 Description of particle shape and size 128 3.4.3 Particle size analysis 145 3.4.4 Bacteria in the system 148 3.4.5 The influence of ozone on particle size distribution and nutrients 156 3.4.6 Particle size analyses during the experiments with and without ozone treatment 164 3.4.6.1 Particle size analysis with ozone treatment 164 3.4.6.2 Particle size analysis without ozone treatment 167 3.4.7 Water flow in the RAS 170 4 Discussion 173 4.1 RAS conception and design in light of the state of the art 173 4.1.1 Design considerations in terms of efficient water transport and particle removal 174 4.2 Growth performance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) 175 4.3 Performance of the biofiltration (nitrification) 180 4.4 Performance of the suspended solid separation 185 4.5 Particle characterization in effluent of the swirl separator 191 4.6 Particle size analysis 192 4.7 Bacteria in the RAS 194 4.7.1 Bacteria removal by counter-current foam stripping 194 4.7.2 The effect of ozone on total suspended solids in a RAS 198 4.8 Conclusions 202 5 References 205 Annex 219 Erklärung Danksagung Lebenslauf Summary Summary The proper management of suspended solids is one of the key factors determining the successful operation of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In this thesis the qualitative and quantitative changes of total suspended solids (TSS) in a RAS were investigated, specifically addressing particle size distribution and removal efficiency for various size fractions of particles that were retained by the employed filtration units. The RAS configuration under study was designed to evaluate the performance of a system configuration that involved a two-step solid separation procedure (swirl separator and foam fractionation), each of them independent, however, partly affecting each others performance. The system was also designed to operate at low energy consumption and at a low water replacement. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was the target fish species reared over the main study period of 437 days. The performance of fish served as criteria to assess the functionality of the system in terms of fish growth and feed conversion efficiency. During the key investigational period the system was operated at a temperature of about 23°C. Water quality was continuously monitored and maintained within safe limits (ranges for the core study period: temperature 20°C -1 -1 - to 24°C; salinity 20 to 25 psu; O2 6 to 8 mg*L ; pH 7 to 8; TAN 0.5 to 1.5 mg*L ; NO2 -N 0.1 to 0.7 mg*L-1) . Water replacement in the system accounted on average about 1% per day of the total system volume. The two step solid separation techniques allowed to maintain fairly clear water conditions over the entire experimental period. The swirl separator worked effectively capturing solids coming from the fish tanks. The nutrient composition of the solids varied over time, depending on the nutrient content in the feed (nitrogen, carbon, phosphorous, ashfree organic, energy). Suspended solids were examined to determine shape and structure in samples from the swirl separator. Particle size distribution was studied by subsequent filtering samples from both, swirl separator and foam fractionator, through mesh sizes of 50µm, 100µm, 200µm, 400µm, 800µm, and 1600µm. Very fine particles were always captured (through scavenging with larger particle fractions). The results indicated that fines (<45 µm) dominated by number the particles removed. This is considered an important finding from a system management point of view. The removal of fine solids and bacterial biomass by counter-current foam stripping was determined. The use of ozone was beneficial in terms of enhanced foam formation, particle aggregation, subsequent removal of fines, and reduced bacterial counts. The data collected during this study can be used to estimate the growth of European sea bass cultured in a RAS from juvenile stages to table-sized fish (300g). Data also allow estimates for calculating nutrient inputs (feed), feed composition, nutrient retention (fish growth and conversion) as well as outputs (soluble and particulate wastes). The results obtained provide also a base to estimate mass balances of solids produced in a RAS that integrates cost-effective treatment processes at a high rate of water re-use. 9 Summary 10 Zusammenfassung Zusammenfassung Die effiziente Entfernung von im Wasser suspendierten, partikulären Feststoffen ist ein Schlüssel- faktor für den erfolgreichen Betrieb von Kreislaufanlagen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Feststoffe in einem Kreislaufsystem (Recirculating Aquaculture System, RAS) für Fische (Wolfs- barsch, Dicentrarchus labrax) qualitativ und quantitativ analysiert, wobei insbesondere die Größen- verteilung der Feststoffe und die Rückhaltung in den mechanischen Filtereinheiten.
Recommended publications
  • Genetic Control of Dry Matter, Starch and Sugar Content in Sweetpotato

    Genetic Control of Dry Matter, Starch and Sugar Content in Sweetpotato

    Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science ISSN: 0906-4710 (Print) 1651-1913 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sagb20 Genetic control of dry matter, starch and sugar content in sweetpotato Ernest Baafi, Vernon E. Gracen, Joe Manu-Aduening, Essie T. Blay, Kwadwo Ofori & Edward E. Carey To cite this article: Ernest Baafi, Vernon E. Gracen, Joe Manu-Aduening, Essie T. Blay, Kwadwo Ofori & Edward E. Carey (2016): Genetic control of dry matter, starch and sugar content in sweetpotato, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, DOI: 10.1080/09064710.2016.1225813 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1225813 Published online: 01 Sep 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 4 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sagb20 Download by: [ERNEST BAAFI] Date: 08 September 2016, At: 13:18 ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, SECTION B — SOIL & PLANT SCIENCE, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1225813 Genetic control of dry matter, starch and sugar content in sweetpotato Ernest Baafia, Vernon E. Gracenb, Joe Manu-Adueninga, Essie T. Blayb, Kwadwo Oforib and Edward E. Careyc aCSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana; bWest Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; cInternational Potato Centre (CIP), Kumasi, Ghana ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) is a nutritious food security crop for most tropical Received 31 May 2016 households, but its utilisation is very low in Ghana compared to the other root and tuber Accepted 11 August 2016 crops due to lack of end-user-preferred cultivars.
  • Feeding of Different Categories of Fish, Their Nutritional Requirements and Implication of Various Techniques in Fish Culture – a Review

    Feeding of Different Categories of Fish, Their Nutritional Requirements and Implication of Various Techniques in Fish Culture – a Review

    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(1): 2438-2448 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Review Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.278 Feeding of Different Categories of Fish, their Nutritional Requirements and Implication of Various Techniques in Fish Culture – A Review Prabhjot Kaur Sidhu* and Anant Simran Singh Khalsa College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Aqua cultural production is a major industry in many countries, and it will continue to grow as the demand for fisheries products increases and the supply from natural sources decreases. Good nutrition in animal production K e yw or ds systems is essential to economical production of a healthy, high-quality Fish, product. In fish farming (aquaculture), nutrition is critical because feed Nanotechnology, typically represents approximately 50 percent of the variable production Feed cost. Fish nutrition has advanced dramatically in recent years with the Article Info development of new, balanced commercial diets that promote optimal fish Accepted: growth and health. The development of new species-specific diet 22 December 2019 formulations supports the aquaculture industry as it expands to satisfy Available Online: increasing demand for affordable, safe, high-quality fish and seafood 20 January 2020 products. Article provides a general overview of the wide variety of nano- materials and technologies in fish culture that offer significant promising role for water recovery. Introduction crore) was exported in 2016-17, of which frozen shrimp was top item to be exported.
  • Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2019

    Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2019

    AQUACULTURE ASSOCIATION OF CANADA SPECIAL PUBLICATION 26 2019 CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEW INSIDE Development of optimal diet for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Acoustic monitoring of wild fish interactions with aquaculture sites Potential species as cleaner fish for sea lice on farmed salmon Piscine reovirus (PRV): characterization, susceptibility, prevalence, and transmission in Atlantic and Pacific Salmon Novel sensors for fish health and welfare Effect of climate change on the culture Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis) Oyster aquaculture in an acidifying ocean Presence, extent, and impacts of microplastics on shellfish aquaculture Validation of a hydrodynamic model to support aquaculture in the West coast of Vancouver Island CANADIAN AQUACULTURE R&D REVIEW 2019 AAC Special Publication #26 ISBN: 978-0-9881415-9-9 © 2019 Aquaculture Association of Canada Cover Photo (Front): Cultivated sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) on a culture line at an aquaculture site. (Photo: Isabelle Gendron-Lemieux, Merinov) First Photo Inside Cover (Front): Mussels. (DFO, Gulf Region) Second Photo inside Cover (Front): American Lobsters (Homarus americanus) in a holding tank. (Jean-François Laplante, Merinov) Cover Photo (Back): Atlantic Salmon sea cages in southern Newfoundland. (KÖBB Media/DFO) The Canadian Aquaculture R&D Review 2019 has been published with support provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program (ACRDP), and by the Aquaculture Association of Canada (AAC). Submitted materials may have been edited for length and writing style. Projects not included in this edition should be submitted before the deadline to be set for the next edition. Editors: Tricia Gheorghe, Véronique Boucher Lalonde, Emily Ryall and G. Jay Parsons Cited as: T Gheorghe, V Boucher Lalonde, E Ryall, and GJ Parsons (eds).
  • International Standards for Responsible Tilapia Aquaculture

    International Standards for Responsible Tilapia Aquaculture

    INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR RESPONSIBLE TILAPIA AQUACULTURE Created by the Tilapia Aquaculture Dialogue International Standards for Responsible Tilapia Aquaculture 1 Copyright © 2009 WWF. All rights reserved by World Wildlife Fund, Inc. Published December 17, 2009 International Standards for Responsible Tilapia Aquaculture 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................5 UNDERSTANDING STANDARDS, ACCREDITATION AND CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................6 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR RESPONSIBLE TILAPIA AQUACULTURE ........................................................6 Purpose of the Standards ..........................................................................................6 Scope of the Standards ..............................................................................................6 Issue areas of tilapia aquaculture to which the standards apply ..........................6 Supply or value-added chain of tilapia aquaculture to which the standards apply .............................................................................................6 Range of activities within aquaculture to which the standards apply ..................7 Geographic scope to which the standards apply ..................................................7 Unit of certification to which the standards apply ...............................................7 PROCESS
  • Travis Waldemar Brown.Pdf

    Travis Waldemar Brown.Pdf

    Intensive Culture of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and Hybrid Catfish Ictalurus punctatus x Ictalurus furcatus in a Commercial-Scale, In-pond Raceway System by Travis Waldemar Brown A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama August 09, 2010 Key words: In-pond, raceway, system, catfish, production, economics Copyright 2010 by Travis Waldemar Brown Approved by Claude E. Boyd, Co-chair, Professor of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Jesse A. Chappell, Co-chair, Associate Professor of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Terrill R. Hanson, Associate Professor of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Yifen Wang, Associate Professor of Biosystems Engineering Abstract An experiment was conducted utilizing a highly intensive fish production system in the Black Belt region of western Alabama. Three main objectives were addressed in this study. The first was based primarily on channel and hybrid catfish production and performance capabilities. The second objective dealt with detailed water chemistry and nutrient budgeting, while the third and final objective involved an economic analysis to determine the feasibility and commercial possibilities of the system. The goal of this project was to improve the profitably of commercial catfish aquaculture by demonstrating methods to enhance feed efficiency and survivorship. A commercial size In-pond Raceway System (IPRS) was constructed in 2007 and installed in a 2.43-ha, traditional, earthen pond on a 170-ha catfish farm in Dallas County, Alabama. The IPRS consisted of six, individual raceways that share common walls. Each raceway has the capacity of water exchange every 4.9 minutes (≈12X/hr).
  • Table 5. List of Feed Ingredients That Are Used Or Have the Potential to Be

    Table 5. List of Feed Ingredients That Are Used Or Have the Potential to Be

    Table 5. List of feed ingredients that are used or have the potential to be used as protein and/or energy supplements in milkfish feed (nutrient content as % dry matter) Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) Air drying Animal Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 10 64 19 25 reduces protein orgin (local) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Air drying Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 8 68 20 25 reduces protein (Peruvian) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Air drying Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 9 65 20 25 reduces protein (tuna) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Chemoattractants, Oven drying Shrimp meal Poor mineral 8 69 19 10 lysine, methionine, may damage (Acetes ) digestibility HUFA fatty acids Protein, essential amino Meat meal Anti-nutritional Cooking is 4 52 16 5–10 acids and fatty acids, (snail meat) factor in slime required xanthophyll Isoleucine, Hygienic Meat & bone 6 47 16 10–15 Protein, minerals methionine+cyst standard meal ine needed Protein, unsaturated Contains Heating Mussel meal 6 65 21 5 fatty acids, enzyme inhibitor destroys (green) chemoattractant thiaminase thiaminase Low digestibility Poultry by- Essential amino acids, due to keratin 8 61 22 35 product meal iron, zinc, choline and raw feathers Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing
  • Cheese, Nutrition & Health

    Cheese, Nutrition & Health

    11b Cheese, Nutrition Updated August 2016 & Health Generalities 1. What is cheese? What is cheese? 1. In France the term “cheese” is governed by a decree 2. What are the main types? (from November 2007 updated in November 2013). It is a product made exclusively from specific dairy ingre- Nutrient composition dients (milk; cream, fat, buttermilk) used alone or in 3. What are its nutritional benefits? a mixture and coagulated (in whole or in part). The 4. What about its proteins? coagulation of milk gives a solid phase (curds) and a 5. Its vitamins? liquid phase (whey). Coagulum – which will turn into 6. Its calcium? cheese – may be strained, molded, salted, fermented 7. Its other minerals and trace elements? and/or ripened for more or less time. Minimum dry matter 8. Its lipids? content of a cheese of 23 g/100 g**. 9. Its other constituents? In France alone, there are 1000 different cheeses clas- sified by types. Cheese & Health What is the connection between cheese and: It is worth noting that speciality cheeses, in the strict 10. Bone health and oral health? sense of the term do not fall under the “cheeses” 11. Cardiovascular diseases? category. They can contain raw materials from milk, 12. Intolerances and allergies? other than those used to make cheeses (such as serum 13. Other pathologies? proteins in high concentrations for example). Their mini- 14. What to conclude? mum dry matter content is 20 g/100 g of end product for ripened specialty cheeses and 10 g/100 g for unrip- Where does cheese stand in the ened cheeses.
  • Effects of Blood Withdrawal and Angiotensin Lion Prolactin Release in the Tilapia, Oreochromis Mossambicus

    Effects of Blood Withdrawal and Angiotensin Lion Prolactin Release in the Tilapia, Oreochromis Mossambicus

    Effects of Blood Withdrawal and Angiotensin lIon Prolactin Release in the Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ANIMAL SCIENCE MAY 2005 By Thomas A. Leedom Thesis Committee: E. Gordon Grau, Chairman Tetsuya Hirano Douglas Vincent I dedicate this thesis to my family for their tireless support, encouragement, and occasional naggmg. 111 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank faculty staffand students ofthe fish endocrinology laboratory at the Hawaii Institute ofMarine Biology, especially Larry Riley and Andre Seale for their contributions and assistance throughout the production ofthis thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Hal Richman and Professor Milt Stetson for their valuable advice and encouragement which led to the maturation ofthis thesis work as well as my personal professional development. Finally, special gratitude goes out to Professor Tetsuya Hirano and my advisor, Professor E. Gordon Grau for teaching me the art ofscience, for their encouragement, and for their assistance in guiding me through the countless hurdles ofmy thesis research. I further thank Gordon and Tetsuya for allowing me to realize my potential and for the opportunity to have worked and learned under their guidance. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments '" .iv List ofTables vi List ofFigures vii List ofAbbreviations viii Preface .ix Chapter 1: 1 General Introduction 2 Chapter II: Effect ofBlood Withdrawal and Angiotensin II on Prolactin Release in the Tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus 19 Abstract. '" "" 20 Introduction 22 Materials and Methods 24 Results 28 Discussion 41 Chapter III 51 General Conclusions 52 References 54 v LIST OF TABLES 1.
  • Nutritional Evaluation of Maize Plant Fodder Grown in Spring and Autumn Season in Punjab, Pakistan

    Nutritional Evaluation of Maize Plant Fodder Grown in Spring and Autumn Season in Punjab, Pakistan

    Journal of Bioresource Management Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 9 Nutritional Evaluation of Maize Plant Fodder Grown in Spring and Autumn Season in Punjab, Pakistan Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif AgriPak Labs, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, [email protected] Nadeem Akhtar Institute of Natural and Management Sciences (INAM), Rawalpindi Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/jbm Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Hanif, N. Q., & Akhtar, N. (2020). Nutritional Evaluation of Maize Plant Fodder Grown in Spring and Autumn Season in Punjab, Pakistan, Journal of Bioresource Management, 7 (1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35691/JBM.0202.0123 ISSN: 2309-3854 online This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Bioresource Management by an authorized editor of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nutritional Evaluation of Maize Plant Fodder Grown in Spring and Autumn Season in Punjab, Pakistan © Copyrights of all the papers published in Journal of Bioresource Management are with its publisher, Center for Bioresource Research (CBR) Islamabad, Pakistan. This permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes provided the original work and source is appropriately cited. Journal of Bioresource Management does not grant you any other rights in relation to this website or the material on this website. In other words, all other rights are reserved. For the avoidance of doubt, you must not adapt, edit, change, transform, publish, republish, distribute, redistribute, broadcast, rebroadcast or show or play in public this website or the material on this website (in any form or media) without appropriately and conspicuously citing the original work and source or Journal of Bioresource Management’s prior written permission.
  • Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment of Marine Fish Aquaculture

    Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment of Marine Fish Aquaculture

    NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-71 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment of Marine Fish Aquaculture December 2005 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS Series The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, uses the NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS series to issue infor- mal scientific and technical publications when com- plete formal review and editorial processing are not appropriate or feasible due to time constraints. Docu- ments published in this series may be referenced in the scientific and technical literature. The NMFS-NWFSC Technical Memorandum series of the Northwest Fisheries Science Center continues the NMFS-F/NWC series established in 1970 by the Northwest & Alaska Fisheries Science Center, which has since been split into the Northwest Fisheries Science Center and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The NMFS-AFSC Technical Memorandum series is now being used by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Reference throughout this document to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. This document should be cited as follows: Nash, C.E., P.R. Burbridge, and J.K. Volkman (editors). 2005. Guidelines for ecological risk assessment of marine fish aquaculture. U.S. Dept. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-NWFSC-71, 90 p. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-71 Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment of Marine Fish Aquaculture Prepared at the NOAA Fisheries Service Manchester Research Station International Workshop April 11-14, 2005 Edited by Colin E. Nash, Peter R. Burbridge1, and John K. Volkman2 From technical contributions by the editors and Kenneth M.
  • Cont. Fisheries and Aquatic Science

    Cont. Fisheries and Aquatic Science

    Environmental friendly aquaculture key to sustainable fish farming development in Nigeria Item Type article Authors Akinrotimi, O.A.; Abu, O.M.G.; Aranyo, A.A. Download date 24/09/2021 16:25:27 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/24296 Continental J. Fisheries and Aquatic Science 5 (2): 17 - 31, 2011 ISSN: 2141 - 4181 © Wilolud Journals, 2011 http://www.wiloludjournal.com ` Printed in Nigeria ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AQUACULTURE KEY TO SUSTAINABLE FISH FARMING DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA 1 Akinrotimi, O.A.; 2 Abu, O.M.G; 3Aranyo, A.A. 1, 3, African Regional Aquaculture Centre/Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, P.M.B. 5122, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. 2Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT Aquaculture production in Nigeria has increased tremendously in recent times; along with this increase is the rise in the level of waste outputs from aquaculture practices. The discharge of waste from aquaculture operations on continuous basis leads to eutrophication and destruction of natural ecosystem in receiving water body. Controlled wastes production strategies is necessary to maintain sustainable aquaculture growth into the future, as long-term sustainability of fish culture systems depends on their ability to reduce their waste outputs. The release of solid wastes is mainly a function of the digestibility of various dietary components while the release of dissolved wastes is mainly a function of the metabolism of nutrients by the fish. This paper critically reviews the impacts of aquaculture wastes on the environment and the strategies to mitigate the effect of these impacts.
  • Executive Summary

    Executive Summary

    Executive Summary Rose Canyon FISHERIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rose Canyon Fisheries, Inc. (RCF) is a partnership between Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute (HSWRI), a 501(c)(3) research organization, and Cuna del Mar (CdM), a private equity fund dedicated to developing sustainable aquaculture. RCF will permit, establish and operate a commercial-scale fish farm off the San Diego, CA coast. This will be the first operation of its kind in federal waters of the United States. By combining the scientific and environmental expertise of HSWRI with the mission focus and direct open ocean aquaculture experience of Cuna del Mar, RCF will help pioneer environmentally and economically sustainable methods for providing healthy seafood to meet our Nation's growing demand for healthy seafood. CdM and HSWRI through RCF share a vision to feed future generations in harmony with the ocean. The RCF collaboration is dedicated to fulfilling a major void in our Nation's seafood industry- a reliable, sustainable source of healthy, premium fish, grown with care in a clean, natural and regulated environment. RCF is committed to improving the standards of the aquaculture industry through safe and sustainable innovation. As RCF continues to innovate and improve culture protocols, it hopes to provide locally produced seafood thereby greatly reducing the energy requirements of transporting fish to the US market, while creating and demonstrating a sustainable and domestic solution. Over the past five decades, HSWRI has provided global leadership in marine conservation research, including studies in marine aquaculture. HSWRI operates two marine fish hatcheries in southern California and several cage sites in California. HSWRI has expertise in fish nutrition, reproduction, health, genetics, and physiology, as well as site selection and permitting, systems engineering, and environmental monitoring.