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Table 5. List of Feed Ingredients That Are Used Or Have the Potential to Be

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Table 5. List of Feed Ingredients That Are Used Or Have the Potential to Be Table 5. List of feed ingredients that are used or have the potential to be used as protein and/or energy supplements in milkfish feed (nutrient content as % dry matter) Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) Air drying Animal Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 10 64 19 25 reduces protein orgin (local) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Air drying Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 8 68 20 25 reduces protein (Peruvian) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Air drying Fishmeal Protein, essential amino Fat soluble 9 65 20 25 reduces protein (tuna) acids, minerals vitamins and fat content Chemoattractants, Oven drying Shrimp meal Poor mineral 8 69 19 10 lysine, methionine, may damage (Acetes ) digestibility HUFA fatty acids Protein, essential amino Meat meal Anti-nutritional Cooking is 4 52 16 5–10 acids and fatty acids, (snail meat) factor in slime required xanthophyll Isoleucine, Hygienic Meat & bone 6 47 16 10–15 Protein, minerals methionine+cyst standard meal ine needed Protein, unsaturated Contains Heating Mussel meal 6 65 21 5 fatty acids, enzyme inhibitor destroys (green) chemoattractant thiaminase thiaminase Low digestibility Poultry by- Essential amino acids, due to keratin 8 61 22 35 product meal iron, zinc, choline and raw feathers Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) Too high Histidine, lysine, autoclaving Poultry Protein, glycine, 5 71 25 5–10 methionine, temperature, feather meal cystine, phenylalanine tryptophan undercooked meal High temperature Fat and damages Blood meal 6 88 23 5–10 Protein, iron carbohydrate protein and decreases digestibility Oilseed Plant meal and origin cakes High fiber; copra meal 8 22 16 5–15 Protein lysine, methionone High fiber; Manganese, protein palm kernel 10 16 13 5–10 protein, lysine, quality methionine Cereal grains Boiling is corn grain 30 11 18 35 Energy required Lysine, Energy, vitamin A in corn meal 8 8 18 methionine, yellow corn tryptophane Lysine, Grinding and Energy, B vitamins, threonine, heat processing wheat grain 11 16 18 10–15 phosphorus valine, vitamin A improve energy and D, calcium values Cereal by- products Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) High fiber and rice bran 9 13 18 35 Energy, B-vitamins phytate phosphorus Fine rice hull as carrier Protein, fat; high rice hull 7 3 9 5 of vitamin and mineral fiber premixes Lysine, corn germ 5 47 21 Protein, vitamin E methionine, meal tryptophan Lysine, corn gluten Protein, β-carotene, 8 61 22 20 methionine, meal xanthophyll tryptophan Protein, fat, corn starch 12 0 17 35 Energy, as binder fiber, ash Lysine, Protein, B vitamins, threonine, wheat gluten 9 81 23 2–5 phosphorus valine, vitamin A and D, calcium Lysine, Grinding and wheat Energy, B vitamins, threonine, heat processing 10 15 16 10–20 pollard phosphorus valine, vitamin A improve energy and D, calcium values Lysine, Grinding and Energy, B vitamins, threonine, heat processing wheat flour 13 11 18 10–15 phosphorus, as binder valine, vitamin A improve energy and D, calcium values Pulses Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) Sulfur containing cow pea Protein, energy, iron, Heat treatment 8 25 18 15 amino acids, (Vigna sp.) nicotinic acid necessary presence of trypsin inhibitor feed pea (Pisum 12 25 18 26 Protein, lysine sativum) Lysine, soybean Protein, amino acid methionine; 6 36 22 30 meal, as is profile presence of trypsin inhibitor Fat, lysine, soybean Protein, amino acid methionine; meal, 8 44 18 20 profile presence of defatted trypsin inhibitor Root crop cassava 56 2 16 Energy Methionine tuber Leaf meals ipil-ipil leaf Protein, pigments (β- 10 29 18 5–10 High mimosine meal, native carotene, xanthophylls) ipil-ipil leaf Protein, pigments (β- 8 25 16 5–10 High mimosine meal, giant carotene, xanthophylls) swamp - 28 15 Protein cabbage sweet potato - 23 16 Protein cassava 6 22 17 Protein, lysine, carotene Methionine leaves Primary use Gross Moisture Crude Inclusion Main nutritional Main nutritional Processing Feed ingredients Protein Energy energy Both DM (%) protein (% ) (% max) interest deficiencies restrictions supplement supplement (kJ/g) Azolla 8 27 14 Protein molasses, 19 25 16 Energy Minerals black strap Single cell protein Natural food Lipids, n-3 fatty Acartia 8 71 22 acids,amino acids, (copepods) vitamin C, carotenoids Lipid composition of Protein, lipids, essential Artemia 8 56 18 diet affects fat fatty acids composition of body Lipid composition of Protein, lipids, essential Brachionus 8 52 19 diet affects fat fatty acids composition of body Moina 9 58 20 Protein, n-3 fatty acids Data source: Centralized Analytical Laboraotory (SEAFDEC); Hertrampf and Pascual (2000); Støttrup and McEvoy (2003), Lumasag (1985) (for Moina ) .
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