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Attribution 3.0 New Zealand (CC BY 3.0 NZ) This is a human-readable summary of (and not a substitute for) the license. Disclaimer. You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. Notices: You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material. Being Cultural Edited by Bruce MZ Cohen University of Auckland ii iii This book is dedicated to June Macfarlane Cohen Art historian, communist, and proud daughter of Scotland Through culture seems to lie our way, not only to perfection, but even to safety. (‘Culture and Anarchy’, Matthew Arnold) The traditional culture of a society will always tend to correspond to its contemporary system of interests and values, for it is not an absolute body of work but a continual selection and interpretation. (‘The Long Revolution’, Raymond Williams) Despite what they say graffiti is not the lowest form of art … it’s actually one of the more honest art forms available. There is no elitism or hype, it exhibits on the best walls a town has to offer and nobody is put off by the price of admission. (‘Wall and Piece’, Banksy) iv v Contents List of Figures viii Contributors x Preface xvii Acknowledgements xviii Part I: Introduction Bruce Cohen Introduction to Part I 3 1. Cultural Studies and Sociology: Early developments and keywords Bruce Cohen 5 2. ‘Culture’ in Cultural Studies John Storey 21 3. Sociology of Art and Culture David Inglis 31 Part II: Key Theory Bruce Cohen Introduction to Part II 47 4. The Frankfurt School and the Culture Industry Douglas Kellner 51 5. British Cultural Studies: Culturalism and beyond Jeff Lewis and Belinda Lewis 67 6. From Subculture to Post-subculture: A critical overview of contemporary youth cultural studies Andy Bennett 83 vi 7. The Contribution of Semiotics to the Analysis of Popular Culture Merja Bauters 99 8. Postmodernism and Popular Culture: Back to the future or forward into the past? Laurence Simmons 113 9. Australian and New Zealand Cultural Studies: The antipathies and ambiguities Nick Perry 129 Part III: Key Issues Bruce Cohen Introduction to Part III 147 10. Gender, Popular Culture and Postfeminism Tracey Jensen 151 11. The Racialisation of Culture Nabeel Zuberi 165 12. Pakeha Identity and Material Culture Claudia Bell 179 13. The Body in Popular Culture Meredith Jones 193 14. Consumption, Culture and Change Catherine Reynolds 211 15. Advertising: Mapping the ‘new and improved’ mediascape Geoff Stahl 229 16. Celebrity Chris Rojek 243 17. Global Sport and the Cultural Economy of Late Capitalism: Play, spectacle, and profit Barry Smart 257 vii 18. Technology, Popular Culture and Kraftwerk Bruce Cohen 273 19. Reality Television: Actuality, authenticity, artifice Amy West 287 20. Democratizing Television? The politics of participation Henry Jenkins 303 21. Cinema and Cultural Studies: In the land of the cinephiles Adrian Danks 319 22. Digital Media: The cultural politics of information Andrew Whelan 333 23. Facebook: Audiences, surveillance, friendship and identity Adam Craigie 347 24. The Sociology of Videogames Eli Boulton and Colin Cremin 363 25. Space, Place and Identity Fiona Allon 381 Index 397 viii List of Figures 1.1 Pounamu (jade) jewellery (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 12 2.1 Cultural artefacts (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 23 3.1 Sculpture on display (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 36 4.1 Mechanised reproduction (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 54 4.2 Mass culture (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 60 5.1 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 69 7.1 The sign action process with multiple interpretations (diagram designed by Merja Bauters; beer labels © Oy Sinebrychoff Ab; coat of arms of Pori town © Satakunta museum) 106 8.1 Postmodern architecture (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 121 9.1 Cerebral/Larrikins (front cover of the book Dynamics of Collective Conflict: Riots at the Bathurst ‘Bike Races’ reproduced with kind permission of Chris Cunneen; photograph by Sandy Wrightson, cover design by John Ferrier) 133 10.1 Shoes and the city (photograph by Adam Craigie) 156 12.1 The Buzzy Bee (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 182 13.1 The postmodern body (photograph by Meredith Jones) 197 14.1 Detail from ‘Adam and Eve’ by Lucas Cranach the Younger (1515–86) (image reproduced with kind permission of Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden) 214 14.2 ‘Luxuria’ at Saint-Pierre in Moissac, France (photograph by Anthony Weir) 215 14.3 The punk subculture (image reproduced under licence, © Dave Hogan/Hulton Archive/Getty Images) 221 ix 15.1 Branding New Zealand (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 237 16.1 Achieved celebrity (photograph by David Cohen) 245 17.1 Global sporting events (photograph by Bärbel Terruhn) 266 18.1 Sign for the Autobahn (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 281 21.1 Art house cinema (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 325 22.1 Mobile devices (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 334 23.1 Facebook surveillance (photograph by Jessica Terruhn) 354 24.1 The videogames industry (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 364 25.1 Urban graffiti (photograph by Bruce Cohen) 385 x Contributors Fiona Allon is Senior Lecturer and Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellow in the Department of Gender and Cultural Studies at the University of Sydney. She is the author of Renovation Nation: Our Obsession with Home (2008). Merja Bauters is responsible for courses such as semiotic methodology, semiotics and technology, and cultural artefacts in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki. She also teaches visual design, communication and user experience at the Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. She has previously been a researcher in the European Union project Knowledge Practices Laboratory (see www.knowledgepractices.info). Bauters’ doctoral thesis utilised a holistic approach to the semiosic process in analysing beer labels (for further publications see metropolia.academia.edu/MerjaBauters). Claudia Bell is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of Auckland. She has published extensively on vernacular culture and local and national identity in New Zealand. Specific topics include roadside attractions, small-town promotion, festivals, farmers’ markets, artists, landscape, World Expo pavilions and pie carts. Two of her books have been national bestsellers; a third was finalist in the New Zealand Book Awards. She also lectures and publishes on international tourism. Andy Bennett is Professor of Cultural Sociology and Director of the Griffith Centre for Cultural Research at Griffith University in Queensland. He has authored and edited numerous books including Popular Music and Youth Culture (2000), Cultures of Popular Music (2001), Researching Youth (2003), and After Subculture (2004). He is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Sociology; a Faculty Fellow of the Center for Cultural Sociology, Yale University; an Associate Member of PopuLUs, the Centre for the Study of the World’s Popular Musics, Leeds University; and a member of the Advisory Board for the Social Aesthetics Research Unit, Monash University. Eli Boulton is a researcher in the Department of Sociology at the University of Auckland. His interests include political economy, technology, popular culture, language and representation, and social and literary theory. Bruce Cohen is a Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of Auckland, and teaches courses on cultural studies, subcultures, crime and deviance, and the sociology of mental health. He has previously published xi articles on cultural studies and popular culture in the journals Youth And Society, Altitude, and the International Journal of Drug Policy, as well as chapters in Jugend, Partizipation und Migration: Orientierungen im Kontext von Integration und Ausgrenzung (2007), Sonic Synergies: Music, Identity, Technology and Community (2008), and Global Islamophobia: Muslims and Moral Panic in the West (2011). Following publication of his first monograph, Mental Health User Narratives: New Perspectives on Illness and Recovery (2008), he is now writing a critical text on medicine, psychiatry and the construction of mental illness. Adam Craigie is a postgraduate sociology student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Auckland. He has research interests in youth, the media, education and deviance. Colin Cremin teaches social theory and visual culture in the Department of Sociology at the University of Auckland. He has written in the areas of cultural sociology, critical management studies, postmodern theory, ideology and subjectivity. His Pluto Press book Capitalism’s New Clothes (2011) draws on critical theory to explore ideological imbrications of enterprise, ethics and
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