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AP Computer Science Principles How Computers Work: Computer Architecture and Data Storage What You Will Learn . How to disassemble and rebuild a computer . How to choose the parts to build a new computer . Logic Gates . Data storage: . Binary . Hexadecimal . ASCII . Data compression . Computer Forensics . Limits of computing 2 2 Introduction to Computer Hardware 33 The Parts of a Computer 4 Image: By Gustavb. Source Wikimedia. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 4 Main parts of a computer . Case . Power supply . Motherboard . CPU . RAM . Adapter Cards . Internal and External Drives . Internal and External Cables 5 55 The Motherboard . The motherboard provides the electrical connections between the computer components. Comes in different sizes called “form factors.” . All the other components of the computer connect to the motherboard directly or through a cable. Image: By skeeze. Source Pixabay. License: CC BY-SA 3.0 6 66 A Case Needs to Name size (mm) be a Form BTX 325 × 266 ATX 305 × 244 Factor as Larger EATX 305 × 330 or Larger than (Extended) LPX 330 × 229 the microBTX 264 × 267 Motherboard. microATX 244 × 244 Mini-ITX 170 × 170 7 7 Image: By Magnus Manske. Source Wikimedia. License: CC BY-7SA 3.0 The Power Supply . Power Supplies come in different form factors and should match the form factor of the case. Power supplies are rated in watts and should have a rating larger than the total required watts of all the computer components. 8 8 Image: By Danrock Source: Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 8 The Power Supply Connectors . The Power Supply will have lots of extra connectors so you can add additional components to your computer at a later time. Image: By Smial Source: Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 9 9 9 Motherboard Stand Offs . If the electrical circuits on the motherboard were to contact the metal case it would create a "short." . Stand offs raise the motherboard so it doesn't touch the case. Image: By Petteri Aimonen Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 10 10 The Parts of a Computer . CPU—Central Processing Unit or Processor . Executes logical instructions like math and sends out the result. The speed of the CPU and the amount of RAM are the two biggest factors that effect computer performance Image: By Eric Gaba Lsource: Wikimedia icense: CC BY-SA 3.0 11 1111 CPU Alignment . CPUs use sockets that connect electrically with metal pins. One corner of both the socket and CPU will be different to indicate it is Pin 1. Align Pin 1 on the CPU with Pin 1 on the socket Image: By Julianprescott2604juuly Source Wikimedia License CC BY-SA 3.0 12 1212 The Worst Assembly Mistake! . Watch out! The CPU is fastened to the motherboard with a lever that presses the CPU into it’s socket. If the CPU is crooked, pushing the lever will break the pins on the CPU and/or the socket. Image By shoprepp: Soucre maxpixel License: CC BY-SA 3.0 13 13 CPUs Generate Heat and Need to be Cooled . It’s important to keep a CPU cool. CPU typically have a large piece of metal called a heat sink and fan to keep them cool. Image: By Victorrocha Source Wikimedai License: CC BY-SA 3.0 1414 14 Thermal Compound (also called Thermal Paste or Grease) . A small amount of thermal compound is used to fill the microscopic gaps between the CPU and the heat sink so that the heat moves away from the CPU to the heat sink. 1515 15 Volatile Memory RAM . Comes in different varieties and sizes. Use the motherboard manufacturer website to choose compatible RAM . RAM is volatile. That means all data in RAM is lost when the power is turned off. Image: By Topory Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 1616 16 Internal and External Drives: Non-volatile Storage . Your computer will need some form of non- volatile storage. Some combination of hard drives (HHD), solid state drives (SSD), flash memory, optical drives and/or floppy drives. Images (left to right): Source maxpixel ,by D-Kuru Source Wikimedia by Evan-Amos Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 17 17 Internal and External Drives . Internal Drives (hard drives and SSDs) store the operating system and other files. External Drives (DVD, CD and floppy) are used to transfer files to and from the internal drives. External drives have been largely replaced by thumb drives. 1818 Ports and Cables . There are many cables on both the inside and outside of a computer. Every cable plugs into a matching receptacle or port. The cables carry data, electrical power or both. The different port types are designed to minimize the possibility of plugging in a cable in the wrong way. 1919 Internal Cables . Internal data cables connect directly to the motherboard . Internal power cables connect directly to the power supply 20 SATA Internal Power and Data Cables . Data and power connectors for newer hard drives and CD/DVD drives. The smaller 7 pin cable is for data and the larger 15 pin cable is for power. Images (top to bottom): By T4bits~commonswiki Source Wikimedia, by Victor Korniyenko Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 21 PATA Internal Data Cable . Also called IDE. Data connection for hard drives, CD or DVD optical drives. Images (top to bottom): By Evan-Amos Source Wikimedia, By M7 Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 22 22 Internal cables: PATA and SATA . Older drives use a flat ribbon PATA data cable to the motherboard and 4 pin white power connector . Newer drives use the black SATA connectors Image: Jan 29, 2003 By husin.sani Source flickr License: CC BY-SA 3.0 23 23 Floppy Data Cable . Looks like a PATA cable, but it’s smaller with a twist. Image: By HandigeHarry source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 24 24 The Power Supply Has Many Different Internal Power Cables Image: By 公有领域 source Wikipedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 25 25 Molex . Power connector used with older PATA hard drives and optical DVD drives. Image: By HandigeHarry source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 26 26 Berg . Power connector used for floppy drives. Berg connectors are much smaller than Molex. Image: By Rosco Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 27 27 External Cables . External cables connect to the front or back of the computer case 28 28 VGA . Most common type of cable that connects a monitor to a computer. Images (top to bottom): By Afrank99 Source Wikipedia, By Katsuki Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 29 29 . HDMI is a digital audio and video connection and can connect to a TV. VGA is analog video only. DVI is digital/analog video only. If both your monitor and video card support it DVI is preferable to VGA. Image: By Evan-Amos Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 30 30 USB . Very common cable used to connect other devices to the computer. “Hot swappable” no need to power off the computer to disconnect or reconnect. Power and Data . Max 5m (16.4 ft) Images (top to bottom): By Red Source Wikimedia, By Viljo Viitanen Source Wikimedia , License: CC BY-SA 3.0 31 31 Network Interface Cards Use an External Ethernet Cable . Ethernet is the connector for connecting to a wired network. Ethernet cables use an RJ45 connector. Ethernet cables are sometimes confused with telephone cables even though they are twice as big. Images (top to bottom): By Jonas Bergsten Source Wikimedia, By Andrewa Source Wikimedia , License: CC BY-SA 3.0 32 32 Input Devices that Connect Through External Cables . Biometric . TV Tuner . Digital Cameras . Microphone . Capture Card . Tablet . Scanner . Touchscreen . Keyboard 33 33 Output Devices that Connect Through External Cables . Monitor . Speakers . Headphones . Printer . LCD projector 34 34 The Virtual Desktop Lab Simulates Assembling a PC . Navigate to Local Disk C: and open the folder en_ITEPC_VA_Desktop_v40 35 35 Virtual Desktop Lab . Right click on index.html and choose Open with | Microsoft Edge 36 36 Virtual Desktop Lab . Use the right arrow to take a quick tour. If prompted choose Allow Blocked Content. 37 37 We Will Work Through LEARN Check the box to show instructions. Drag parts from the antistatic mat in left to right order. 38 38 Virtual Desktop Lab . A worksheet accompanies the lab. Answer questions as you work through the lab. Type your answers, save and submit the worksheet. 39 39 Capacitors Store Electrical Charge . Unplug the computer and then press the power button to discharge the capacitors. Image: Source maxpixel License: CC BY-SA 3.0 40 40 Computer Assembly Lab . Find a partner or two. First, test your computer by attaching a monitor, keyboard and mouse. Then disassemble it and label the parts. Call me over to check. Reassemble the computer. Test it again by reattaching a monitor, keyboard and mouse. 41 Hooking Up the Computer . You will test your computer to see if it boots (works) twice, once before you take it apart and then after you put it back together. To test the computer you’ll need to connect the following cables to their matching ports: . Monitor . Keyboard . Power 4242 A Funny Error Message if you Forget to Connect a Keyboard Image:By junaidrao Source flickr License: CC BY-SA 3.0 4343 Monitor: Video VGA Cable . Nearly all of the monitors in room 334 use VGA cables to connect the monitor. VGA has a 3-row, 15- pin female trapezoidal connector. Images (top to bottom): By Afrank99 Source Wikipedia, By Katsuki Source Wikimedia License: CC BY-SA 3.0 44 44 USB Keyboard & Mouse .