DOCSLIB.ORG

Dryopteridaceae Polystichum Aleuticum C. Christens

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Dryopteridaceae Polystichum Aleuticum C. Christens Polystichum aleuticum C. Christens. Dryopteridaceae Global Distribution: Endemic to Aleutian Islands. Alaska Distribution: Aleutian Meadows. Ecoregions Occupied: Aleutian Islands (Adak Island; a population discovered in 1932 on Atka Island has not been relocated).151 Conservation Status: S1 G1; Endangered. Description25, 152, 153 Leaves up to 15 cm Pinnae margins long toothed, not spiny Indusia entire to irregularly toothed, Stipe bases red- greenish, flat, glabrous brown Pinnae not divided Illustration by Anne-Lillian Schell, courtesy of University of Alaska Museum 227 Polystichum aleuticum General: Tufted fern from stout, dark brown rhizomes; stipes erect, stipe bases red-brown; scales tan, entire, up to 3 mm long, found on all parts of plant but falling off early (absent or sparse at maturity). 1 th 1 th Leaves: Leaves 10 to 15 cm long, bulblets absent; stipes /6 to /4 length of leaves; blade linear-lanceolate, once pinnate, gradually tapered to base. Pinnae: Pinnae arranged in 15 to 20 pairs per leaf, light to dark green, deltate to ovate, slightly overlapping, 3 to 8 mm long; bases abruptly tapering; margins toothed, not spiny; apexes rounded, lacking teeth. Sori: Sori located on upper section of frond; indusia entire to irregularly toothed, greenish, flat, glabrous; spores brown. © Rob Lipkin Ecology Elevation: Known from 340 m to 540 m. Landform: Cliffs, rock outcrops; often in protected areas such as gullies or grottos.154 Soil Type: Rock; often rooting in fissures, crevices, and thinly soiled ledges; associated with volcanic substrates, when soils are present they are usually acidic. Moisture regime: Usually moist. Slope: Steep. 228 Polystichum aleuticum Aspect: East to northeast, these aspects are generally protected from the prevailing winds during the snow-free season.151 Vegetation type: Dwarf willow – sedge meadows, sedge – forb meadows. Associated species: Anemone narcissiflora, Arnica unalaschcensis, Carex macrochaeta, Salix rotundifolia; moss spp. Longevity: Perennial, long-lived.154 Phenology: Leaves appear soon after snow-melt; spores mature July, possibly sooner, through September; phenology likely varies much between years depending on the snow characteristics of specific sites.154 Population estimate: There are four known occurrences in Alaska, not including the occurrence reported from Atka Island, which has not been relocated since 1932;151 total state population is slightly more than 100 individuals,151 although seemingly independent plants may be connected by rhizomes.154 Reproductive biology: Reproduces asexually from rhizomes in addition to the sexual reproduction cycle typical of ferns (having haploid and diploid phases);154 vegetative propagation by rhizomes may be the primary form of reproduction.154 Similar Species25, 152, 153 Polystichum aleuticum is most closely related to Polystichum lachanense, the nearest location of which is in northern Japan. The relationship between these two species is unclear and requires genetic study. They may belong within one species.155 In the Aleutian Islands, Polystichum lonchitis and Cystopteris fragilis can be mistaken for Polystichum aleuticum, especially when they are immature. Woodsia alpina also looks superficially similar but is not known to occur in the Aleutian Islands. The table below distinguishes Polystichum aleuticum from superficially similar species that occur in Alaska. Pinnae Species Leaves Stipes Pinnae Margins Polystichum Up to 15 cm Not jointed at Toothed, not Not divided aleuticum long base spiny Polystichum Up to 60 cm Not jointed at Not divided Spiny lonchitis long base Cystopteris Up to 40 cm Not jointed at Pinnate or Toothed, not fragilis long base pinnatifid spiny Largest pinnae with Entire or Up to 20 cm Woodsia alpina Jointed at base 1 to 3 pairs round- long of major toothed divisions 229 Polystichum aleuticum © Rob Lipkin © Rob Lipkin 230 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Polystichum Perpusillum (Sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a New Fern Species from Guizhou, China
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 67–74 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 26 April 2012 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012 Polystichum perpusillum (sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from Guizhou, China Li-Bing Zhang1 & Hai He2,* 1) Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; and Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA 2) College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400047, China (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) Received 20 Dec. 2010, final version received 23 Mar. 2011, accepted 24 Mar. 2011 Zhang, L. B. & He, H. 2012: Polystichum perpusillum (sect. Haplopolystichum, Dryopteridaceae), a new fern species from Guizhou, China. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 67–74. Polystichum perpusillum L.B. Zhang & H. He, a new fern species of Polystichum sect. Haplopolystichum (Dryopteridaceae), is described and illustrated from the entrance to a karst cave in southern Guizhou, China. A phylogenetic analysis based on the chlo- roplast trnL-F sequences shows that it is phylogenetically isolated in the section with no close relatives. Morphologically, it is similar to P. minutissimum, but P. perpusillum has an acute lamina apex, up to 12 pairs of pinnae per lamina, and deltoid-ovate or ovate-lanceolate rachis scales, while P. minutissimum has a round lamina apex, 5–8 pairs of pinnae per lamina, and subulate or linear rachis scales. Polystichum perpusil- lum has a granulate sculpture with verrucae on its perispore, a sculpture rare in the genus. The species is considered to be critically endangered.
    [Show full text]
  • Polystichum Aleuticum) Field Survey at Atka Island, Alaska
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service INTRA-SERVICE BIOLOGICAL OPINION For 2016 Aleutian Shield Fern (Polystichum aleuticum) Field Survey at Atka Island, Alaska To the Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office Prepared by: Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office Anchorage, Alaska July 25, 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 2. Description of the Proposed Action .......................................................................................1 Project Overview ...........................................................................................................1 Minimization Measures .................................................................................................3 Action Area ....................................................................................................................3 5. Status of the Species ..............................................................................................................4 6. Environmental Baseline .........................................................................................................6 7. Effects of the Action on Listed Species .................................................................................7 8. Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................................7 9. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2016/061206 Al 21 April 2016 (21.04.2016) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/061206 Al 21 April 2016 (21.04.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: BAUER, Christopher; PIONEER HI-BRED IN C12N 15/82 (2006.01) A01N 65/00 (2009.01) TERNATIONAL, INC., 7100 N.W. 62nd Avenue, John C07K 14/415 (2006.01) ston, Iowa 5013 1-1014 (US). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/US2015/055502 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (22) Date: International Filing BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 14 October 2015 (14.10.201 5) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (26) Publication Language: English MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (30) Priority Data: PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, 62/064,810 16 October 20 14 ( 16.10.20 14) US SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicants: PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC. [US/US]; 7100 N.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic
    Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic Technical Report No. 3 About CAFF Theprogram for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) of the Arctic Council was established lo address the special needs of Arctic ecosystems, species and thcir habitats in the rapid ly developing Arctic region. Itwas initiated as one of'four programs of the Arctic Environmental Protcction Strategy (AEPS) which was adopted by Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, lceland, Norway, Russia, Swcdcn and the United States through a Ministeria! Declaration at Rovaniemi, Finland in 1991. Other programs initi­ ated under the AEPS and overlaken hy the Are.tie Council are the ArcticMonitoring and assessment Programme (AMAP), the program for Emergency Prevention, Preparcd­ ness and Response (EPPR) and the program for Protection of the Arctic Marine Envi­ ronment (PAME). Sinceits inaugural mccti.ng in Ottawa, Canada in 1992, the CAFF program has provided scientists, conscrvation managers and groups, and indigenous people of the north with a distinct forum in which lo tackle a wide range of Arctic conservation issues at the cir­ cumpolar level. CAFF's main goals, which are achieved in keeping with the concepts of sustainable developrnertt and utilisation, are: • to conserve Arctic Jlora and fauna, thcir diversity and thcir habitats; • to protect the Arctic ecosystems from threats; • to improve conservation management laws, reg ulations and practices for the Arclic; • to integrale Arctic interests into global conservation fora. CAFF operates rhrough a system of Designated Agencies and National Representatives responsible for CAFF in thcir rcspcctivc countries. CAFF also has an International Work­ ing Group wh.ith has met annually to assess progrcss and to develop Annual WorkPlans.
    [Show full text]
  • Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska
    Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska United States Forest Service R10-RG-182 Department of Alaska Region June 2010 Agriculture Ferns abound in Alaska’s two national forests, the Chugach and the Tongass, which are situated on the southcentral and southeastern coast respectively. These forests contain myriad habitats where ferns thrive. Most showy are the ferns occupying the forest floor of temperate rainforest habitats. However, ferns grow in nearly all non-forested habitats such as beach meadows, wet meadows, alpine meadows, high alpine, and talus slopes. The cool, wet climate highly influenced by the Pacific Ocean creates ideal growing conditions for ferns. In the past, ferns had been loosely grouped with other spore-bearing vascular plants, often called “fern allies.” Recent genetic studies reveal surprises about the relationships among ferns and fern allies. First, ferns appear to be closely related to horsetails; in fact these plants are now grouped as ferns. Second, plants commonly called fern allies (club-mosses, spike-mosses and quillworts) are not at all related to the ferns. General relationships among members of the plant kingdom are shown in the diagram below. Ferns & Horsetails Flowering Plants Conifers Club-mosses, Spike-mosses & Quillworts Mosses & Liverworts Thirty of the fifty-four ferns and horsetails known to grow in Alaska’s national forests are described and pictured in this brochure. They are arranged in the same order as listed in the fern checklist presented on pages 26 and 27. 2 Midrib Blade Pinnule(s) Frond (leaf) Pinna Petiole (leaf stalk) Parts of a fern frond, northern wood fern (p.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Ferns of Oregon
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Helen Patricia O'Donahue Pembrook for the Master of Arts (Name) (Degree) Systematic Botany (Major) Date thesis is presented March 8, 1963 Title AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE FERNS OF OREGON Abstract approved IIIII (Major professor) The purpose of the work is to enable students of botany to identify accurately Oregon ferns, both as living plants and as dried speci- mens. Therefore, it provides vegetative keys to the families, genera and species of the ferns (Class FILICINAE) found in Oregon. Correct names have been determined using the latest available information and in accordance with 1961 edition of the International Code of Botan- ical Nomenclature. The synonomy, a description, and original draw- ings of each species and subspecific taxon are included. An illustrated glossary and a technical glossary have been prepared to explain and clarify the descriptive terms used. There is also a bibliography of the literature used in the preparation of the paper. The class FILICINAE is represented in Oregon by 4 families, 20 genera, 45 or 46 species, 4 of which are represented by more than one subspecies or variety. One species, Botrychium pumicola Coville, is endemic. The taxa are distributed as follows: OPHIO- GLOSSACEAE, 2 genera: Botrychium, 7 species, 1 represented by 2 subspecies, 1 by 2 varieties; Ophioglossum, 1 species. POLYPODI- ACEAE, 15 genera: Woodsia., 2 species; Cystopteris, 1 species; Dryopteris, 6 species; Polystichum, 5 species, 1 represented by 2 distinct varieties; Athyrium, 2 species; Asplenium, 2 species; Stru- thiopteris, 1 species; Woodwardia, 1 species; Pitrogramma, 1 spe- cies; Pellaea, 4 species; Cheilanthes, 3 or 4 species; Cryptogramma, 1 species; Adiantum, 2 species; Pteridium, 1 species; Polypodium, 2 species, 1 represented by 2 varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaska Pipeline Project Draft Resource Report 3
    Draft Resource Report 3 – Rev 0 Fish, Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources FERC DOCKET NO. PF09-11-000 USAG-UR-SGREG-000013 December 2011 DRAFT ALASKA PIPELINE PROJECT USAG-UR-SGREG-000013 DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 3 DECEMBER 2011 FISH, VEGETATION, AND WILDLIFE REVISION 0 RESOURCES FERC Docket No. PF09-11-000 Notes: Yellow highlighting is used throughout this draft Resource Report to highlight selected information that is pending or subject to change in the final report. DRAFT ALASKA PIPELINE PROJECT USAG-UR-SGREG-000013 DRAFT RESOURCE REPORT 3 DECEMBER 2011 FISH, VEGETATION, AND WILDLIFE REVISION 0 RESOURCES FERC Docket No. PF09-11-000 PAGE 3-I TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.0 RESOURCE REPORT 3 – FISH, WILDLIFE, AND VEGETATION ............................... 3-1 3.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 AQUATIC RESOURCES .................................................................................... 3-3 3.2.1 Inland Freshwater Fisheries ................................................................... 3-3 3.2.1.1 Coldwater Anadromous Fisheries ............................................ 3-3 3.2.1.2 Coldwater Resident Fisheries ................................................. 3-10 3.2.1.3 Seasonal Fish Distribution ...................................................... 3-17 3.2.1.4 Sensitive Fish Species ........................................................... 3-23 3.2.2 Marine Fisheries ..................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization in Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae: Pteridophyta)
    FERN GAZ. 19(8):319-341. 2014 319 HYbridization in polystichum (drYopteridaceae: pteridopHYta) A. SLEEP †* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Leeds Key words: synthesized hybrids, wild hybrids, meiosis, chromosome pairing, bivalents, basic chromosome number, polyploidy abStract The origins of two European Polystichum species, tetraploids P. aculeatum and P. braunii , have been investigated through experimental hybridization with other Polystichum species from Europe and North America, and an attempt made to re -synthesize P. aculeatum from its putative diploid parents, P. lonchitis and P. setiferum . The results of the hybridization programme were unexpected. Hybrids between parents which were thought to be unrelated proved easy to synthesize, and showed bivalent formation at meiosis, and chromosome pairing occurred in all hybrids examined. The degree of pairing appeared to be similar regardless of the level of ploidy. This interesting phenomenon has still not been found to occur in any other fern genus and appears to be characteristic of Polystichum . introduction In the early nineteen-sixties a hybridization programme was set up in Leeds with the purpose of investigating the mode of origin and relationships of the two tetraploid European species of Polystichum , P. aculeatum (L.) Roth and P. braunii (Spenn.) Fée. In order to study the origin and relationships of a given tetraploid it is necessary first to establish whether the plant under investigation is auto- or allopolyploid, and this can most easily be done by producing wide hybrids between the tetraploid in question and species believed on morphological grounds to be unrelated to it. A longer-term aim of the project was also to synthesize P.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for Aleutian Shield Fern (Polystichum Aleuticum): an Endangered Species
    AMNWR 07/07 MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE ALEUTIAN SHIELD FERN (Polystichum aleuticum) ON ADAK ISLAND, ALASKA G. Vernon Byrd and Jeffrey C. Williams Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge 95 Sterling Hwy, Suite 1 Homer, Alaska 99603 March 2007 Cite as: Byrd, G.V., and J.C. Williams. 2007. Management plan for Aleutian shield fern (Polystichum aleuticum): an endangered species. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Report. AMNWR 07/07. Homer AK. 1 The endangered Aleutian shield fern, Polystichum aleuticum is known from only two locations, Atka and Adak islands in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska (Lipkin 1985), making it one of the rarest and most restricted plants in North America. The Atka population has not been relocated since its original discovery in 1932 (Christensen 1938), in spite of repeated attempts (e.g., Smith and Davidson 1988). In 1975, Aleutian shield ferns were discovered at Adak (Smith 1985, Anderson 1992), and subsequently 3 additional populations have been found there (Talbot et al. 1995a, Talbot and Talbot 2002). Population, as used in this report, is defined as a clustering of individual plants within a discrete area. Following the listing of Aleutian shield fern in 1988, a recovery plan was completed (Anderson 1992). The recovery plan called for developing a management plan to: “expand on protective measures already in place through refuge regulations, such as the prohibition of unauthorized plant collecting on refuge lands … restrictions on access, frequency and timing of population monitoring, and contingency actions to be taken if a catastrophic event occurs (e.g. landslide)” (Anderson 1992, p. 12). This document is the management plan for the Aleutian shield fern on lands managed by Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring 2017 - 29 President’S Message
    THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION P.O. Box 3797 Federal Way, WA 98063-3797 Web site: www.hardyferns.org The Hardy Fern Foundation was founded in 1989 to establish a comprehen¬ sive collection of the world’s hardy ferns for display, testing, evaluation, public education and introduction to the gardening and horticultural community. Many rare and unusual species, hybrids and varieties are being propagated from spores and tested in selected environments for their different degrees of hardiness and ornamental garden value. The primary fern display and test garden is located at, and in conjunction with, The Rhododendron Species Botanical Garden at the Weyerhaeuser Corporate Headquarters, in Federal Way, Washington. Affiliate fern gardens are at the Bainbridge Island Library, Bainbridge Island, Washington; Bellevue Botanical Garden, Bellevue, Washington; Birmingham Botanical Gardens, Birmingham, Alabama; Coastal Maine Botanical Garden, Boothbay, Maine; Dallas Arboretum, Dallas, Texas; Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, Colorado; Georgia Perimeter College Garden, Decatur, Georgia; Inniswood Metro Gardens, Columbus, Ohio; Lakewold, Tacoma, Washington; Lotusland, Santa Barbara, California; Rotary Gardens, Janesville, Wisconsin; Strybing Arboretum, San Francisco, California; University of California Berkeley Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California; and Whitehall Historic Home and Garden, Louisville, Kentucky. Hardy Fern Foundation members participate in a spore exchange, receive a quarterly newsletter and have first access to ferns as they are ready for distribution. Cover design by WiHanna Bradner HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY THE HARDY FERN FOUNDATION QUARTERLY Volume 27 No. 2 Editor- Sue Olsen ISSN 1542-5517 President’s Message Richie Steffen The Joy of Classification - Lamentations of Lumper or A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Herbarium.31-37 James R.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Beringian Origins for the Allotetraploid Fern Polystichum Braunii (Dryopteridaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2017), 42(1): pp. 6–16 © Copyright 2017 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364417X694557 Date of publication March 1, 2017 Two Beringian Origins for the Allotetraploid Fern Polystichum braunii (Dryopteridaceae) Stacy A. Jorgensen1 and David S. Barrington2 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, PO 210088, Tucson, Arizona 85719, U. S. A. 2Pringle Herbarium, Plant Biology Department, The University of Vermont, 27 Colchester Drive, Burlington, Vermont 05405, U. S. A. Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Marcia Waterway Abstract—Although some polyploids in the genus Polystichum are well studied and have well-resolved evolutionary histories, the origin of the circumboreally distributed allotetraploid Polystichum braunii remains obscure. We use the chloroplast markers rbcL, rps4-trnS, and trnL-F as well as the nuclear markers pgiC and gapCp to demonstrate that P. braunii is a single allotetraploid with a minimum of two origins. The two variants isolated from the nucleus resolve with divergent clades, one eastern Asian and one North American. However, they do not have near allies among morphologically appropriate taxa in our sample; the North American progenitor appears to be extinct. A divergence-time analysis based on the cpDNA markers yielded evidence of an older time of origin for P. br au nii than for an array of well-known allotetraploids in the eupolypod ferns. Niche modeling in the light of geological and paleontological evidence leads to the conclusion that the two origins were in Beringia. Since P. braunii is genetically undifferentiated but widely distributed, we argue that it has expanded to its circumboreal range in the recent past, though it has a relatively ancient origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Cook and Green Pass, Siskiyou County
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 2018 Vascular Plants of Cook and Green Pass, Siskiyou County James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plants of Cook and Green Pass, Siskiyou County" (2018). Botanical Studies. 77. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/77 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF COOK AND GREEN PASS, SISKIYOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California Third Edition • 1 May 2018 Cook and Green Pass is located near the Oregon border in Siskiyou County Polystichum lemmonii • Lemmon’s or Shasta holly fern (41.942 N, 123.146 W; USGS Kangaroo Mountain Quadrangle). The pass Polystichum lonchitis • northern holly fern itself is at 4816 feet. Seiad Valley is probably the closest community. The Polystichum x scopulinum • western sword fern Klamath National Forest has designated about 700 acres of the region as the Cook and Green Botanical Area in recognition of its floristic richness. Equisetaceae — Horsetail or Scouring-Rush Family Here we find “..
    [Show full text]