Magisterská Diplomová Práce

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Magisterská Diplomová Práce MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Filozofická fakulta Ústav germanistiky, nordistiky a nederlandistiky Norský jazyk a literatura Kristýna Brejšová Harry Hole - en antihelt eller en politimann? Norsk kriminallitteratur med vekt på Jo Nesbøs kriminalromaner Rødstrupe, Sorgenfri og Marekors MAGISTERSKÁ DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Miluše Juříčková, CSc. 2010 1 Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci vypracoval/a samostatně s využitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. Brno 15.8.2010 ……………………………………………. 2 Zde bych chtěla poděkovat své vedoucí práce, PhDr. Miluši Juříčkové, CSc., za rady a veškeré připomínky při psaní mé práce. Dále bych ráda poděkovala cand. philol. Thoru Henriku Svevadovi za jazykovou podporu. Můj dík patří v neposlední řadě i profesoru literatury Hans H. Skeiovi za doporučení literatury a cenné připomínky. Jeg vil rette den største takk til min veileder PhDr. Miluše Juříčková, CSc. for all mulig hjelp. Jeg vil også gjerne takke til cand. philol. Thor Henrik Svevad for støtte og hjelp med språket. En stor takk tilbehører også til professor ved Universitetet i Oslo Hans H. Skei for hans hjelp og verdifulle råd i løpet av mitt studieopphold i Oslo. 3 Innhold 1. Innledning.................................................................................................................6 2. Kriminallitteraturen.................................................................................................7 2.1 Kriminalliteraturens undersjangrer...............................................................11 2.1.1 Kriminalromanen..............................................................................14 2.1.2 Detektivfortellingen..........................................................................16 2.1.3 Forbryterromanen.............................................................................17 3. Historien om norsk kriminallitteratur.................................................................18 3.1 Begynnelsen: Kriminallitteraturen på 1800-tallet........................................18 3.2 Kriminallitteraturen på begynnelsen av 1900-tallet.....................................19 3.3 Kriminallitteraturen fra 1930-årene til 1970-årene......................................20 3.4 1970-årene: Gjennombruddet i kriminallitteraturen.....................................21 3.5 Kriminallitteraturen i 1980-årene.................................................................23 3.6 1990-årene: Gullalderen i kriminallitteraturen.............................................24 3.7 Kriminallitteraturen etter år 2000………………………………………….26 3.8 Kriminallitterære priser utdelt i Skandinavia……………………………...27 4. Jo Nesbø..................................................................................................................28 4.1 Karrieren.......................................................................................................29 4.2 Forfatterskapet..............................................................................................31 4.2.1 Krimbøkene til Nesbø.......................................................................33 5. De tre bøkene: Rødstrupe, Sorgenfri, Marekors...................................................37 5.1 Rødstrupe.....................................................................................................37 5.1.1 Innholdet..........................................................................................38 5.1.2 Analysen...........................................................................................40 5.1.2.1 Undersjangeren.....................................................................41 5.1.2.2 Viktige personene og side-kicks i Rødstrupe........................43 5.1.3 Hovedpersonen Harry Hole..............................................................46 5.1.3.1 Den moderne eller den klassiske detektiven? ......................47 4 5.1.3.2 Harry Hole………………………………………………….51 5.1.3.2.1 Harry som etterforsker……………………53 5.1.3.2.2 Harry og kjærligheten…………………….54 5.1.3.2.3 Harry og personlige demoner…………….55 5.1.3.2.4 Harry og familielivet……………………..55 5.2 Sorgenfri......................................................................................................56 5.2.1 Innholdet..........................................................................................57 5.2.2 Analysen...........................................................................................58 5.2.2.1 Undersjangeren.....................................................................59 5.2.2.2 Viktige personene og side-kicks i Sorgenfri.........................59 5.2.3 Hovedpersonen Harry Hole..............................................................62 5.2.3.1 Harry som etterforsker..........................................................63 5.2.3.2 Harry og kjærligheten...........................................................64 5.2.3.3 Harry og personlige demoner...............................................64 5.2.3.4 Harry og familielivet.............................................................66 5.3 Marekors......................................................................................................66 5.3.1 Innholdet..........................................................................................68 5.3.2 Analysen...........................................................................................69 5.3.2.1 Undersjangeren.....................................................................70 5.3.2.2 Viktige personene og side-kicks i Marekors........................71 5.3.3 Hovedpersonen Harry Hole..............................................................74 5.3.3.1 Harry som etterforsker..........................................................74 5.3.3.2 Harry og kjærligheten...........................................................75 5.3.3.3 Harry og personlige demoner...............................................75 5.3.3.4 Harry og familielivet.............................................................76 6. Avslutning………………………………………………………………………...78 7. Bibliografi og internett kilder……………………………………………………80 8. Resumé…………………………………………………………………………….83 5 1. Innledning Kriminallitteraturen har alltid fascinert meg fordi den tar opp mange emner som annen litteratur ikke tør, men fortsatt vil den først og fremst underholde. I tillegg må kriminallitteraturen følge visse regler for å tilhøre innenfor sjangeren. Kriminallitteraturs forfatter er en fascinerende kunstner fordi han må skape en spennende og interessant intrige samtidig som han må skape et troverdig miljø med et fargerikt persongalleri. Jeg begynte å interessere meg for norsk kriminallitteratur da jeg studerte på videregående skole på Hamar i 2002, men jeg oppdaget Jo Nesbø først i 2007 da jeg var en utvekslings student i Oslo. Siden 2007 har jeg lest flere norske kriminallitterære forfattere, og jeg har begynt å foretrekke kriminalromaner med gjennomgående helter fordi da kan man alltid glede seg til å treffe den favoritte helten sin igjen. Derfor har jeg valgt å skrive hovedoppgaven min i norsk om norsk kriminallitteratur med særlig fokus på forfatterskapet og hovedhelten til Jo Nesbø. Jeg konsentrerer meg om tre Nesbøs bøker Rødstrupe, Sorgenfri, og Marekors fordi de er knyttet sammen med en gjennomgående fortellingstråd og med en gjennomgående helt Harry Hole. Jeg begynner avhandlingen min med å skrive om kriminallitteraturen som en sjanger som utviklet seg fra “lav” litteratur til seriøs litteratur og som “i dag i stor grad opererer på samme marked som annen, seriøs skjønnlitteratur.”1 I kapitlet “Kriminallitteraturen” avgrenser jeg begrepene brukt i sjangeren, og klassifiserer kriminallitteraturen. Deretter fortsetter jeg med historien om norsk kriminallitteratur fra 1800-tallet til etter år 2000. Neste kapitlet handler om karrieren til Jo Nesbø og forfatterskapet hans. Femte kapitlet handler om de tre bøkene Rødstrupe, Sorgenfri, og Marekors. I forhold til disse bøkene skal jeg interessere meg for spørsmål om hvilken undersjanger eller variasjon av undersjangeren de tilhører i? Det viktigste problemet jeg vil undersøke i avhandlingen min er hovedpersonen Harry Hole. Når det gjelder Harry Hole skal jeg stille meg spørsmål om Harry Hole opptrer i bøkene til Nesbø som en antihelt i hardkokt kriminalromanen eller en politimann i politiromanen? Jeg vil undersøke alle karaktertrekkene til Harry som knytter ham enten til hardkokt-helten eller politimannen. Jeg vil sammenligne Harry med en typisk hardkokt- helt og en typisk politimann. 1 SKEI, Hans. H. Blodig Alvor. Oslo: Aschehoug, 2008, s. 19. 6 2. Kriminallitteraturen Litteraturen blir vanligvis delt inn i forskjellige kategorier. Den vanligste og mest grunnleggende inndelingen av litteraturen er antakeligvis i to kategorier som evaluerer litteraturens kunstnerisk verdi. Disse to kategoriene kan enten bli kalt “høy” litteratur og “lav” litteratur (disse begrepene er også vanlige når det gjelder inndelingen av kultur) eller “kunst” og “smuss”. Disse to begrepene bruker Ola Strøm i sitt verk Kriminallitteratur av norske forfattere hvor han hevder at “i toneangivende litterære kretser har man vanglivis delt litteraturen inn i to kategorier: én med merkelappen 'kunst', og en med merkelappen 'trivialitet' eller 'smuss'.”2 Når slike begreper som “kunst” eller “trivialitet” blir brukt, følger selvfølgelig spørsmålet om hvem som har bestemt hvilke kvaliteter kunsten skal ha og hva trivialitet egentlig betyr. Ola Strøm påstår: Kunst er et av de mest subjektive elementer i et menneskets tilværelse. Kunst er ikke
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