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Petroleum Refineries TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY Prepared for The Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited Hyderabad August 2010 PROJECT TEAM Project Coordination Dr. Nalini Bhat Ministry of Environment & Forests Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. T. Chandni Director, Ministry of Environment and Forests Core Project Coordination Team Mr. Mahesh Babu IL&FS Environment CEO Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Vice President & Project Director Ms. Chaitanya Vangeti Assistant Manager - Technical Ms. Suman Benedicta Thomas Technical Writer Resource Person Mr. H.P. Singh Former Executive Director, IOCL and Chairman – Expert Committee for Implementation of CREP in Oil Refineries Expert Core & Peer Committee Chairman Dr. V. Rajagopalan, IAS Additional Secretary Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers Core Members Dr. R. K. Garg Former Chairman, EIA Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forests Mr. Paritosh C. Tyagi Former Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Prof. S.P. Gautam Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. Tapan Chakrabarti Director, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mr. K. P. Nyati Chief Executive Officer – Sustainable Mining Initiative Dr. G.K. Pandey Former Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. Nalini Bhat Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. G.V. Subramaniam Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. B. Sengupta Former Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. R. C. Trivedi Former Scientist, Central Pollution Control Board Peer Members Mr. B. D. Ghosh Director – Centre for High Technology Dr. Narendra Kumar Hosabettu Former Director, Ministry of Environment and Forests Member Convener Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Project Director Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUALS PROJECT 1-1 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 1-2 1.2 Project Implementation ....................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3 Additional Information ........................................................................................................ 1-4 2. CONCEPTUAL FACETS OF EIA 2-1 2.1 Environment in EIA Context ............................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Pollution Control Strategies ................................................................................................ 2-2 2.3 Tools for Preventive Environmental Management .............................................................. 2-2 2.3.1 Tools for assessment and analysis ....................................................................... 2-3 2.3.2 Tools for action .................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.3 Tools for communication ................................................................................... 2-10 2.4 Objectives of EIA .............................................................................................................. 2-10 2.5 Types of EIA ..................................................................................................................... 2-11 2.6 Basic EIA Principles ......................................................................................................... 2-12 2.7 Project Cycle ..................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.8 Environmental Impacts ..................................................................................................... 2-13 2.8.1 Direct impacts .................................................................................................... 2-14 2.8.2 Indirect impacts ................................................................................................. 2-14 2.8.3 Cumulative impacts ........................................................................................... 2-15 2.8.4 Induced impacts ................................................................................................. 2-15 2.9 Significance of Impacts ..................................................................................................... 2-16 2.9.1 Criteria/methodology to determine the significance of the identified impacts .. 2-17 3. ABOUT PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY INCLUDING PROCESS AND POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 3-1 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Refinery products and processes ......................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2 Refinery raw materials ......................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.3 Refinery types ...................................................................................................... 3-5 3.2 Water & Wastewater Management ..................................................................................... 3-8 3.2.1 Major contaminants & wastewater streams ......................................................... 3-8 3.2.2 Control & treatment technology ........................................................................ 3-12 3.2.3 Wastewater reduction and reuse ........................................................................ 3-15 3.2.4 Ultimate disposal methods ................................................................................. 3-18 3.3 Emissions Management ..................................................................................................... 3-19 3.3.1 Sources of atmospheric emissions ..................................................................... 3-19 3.3.2 Control technologies for air emissions .............................................................. 3-23 3.4 Solid Waste Management .................................................................................................. 3-31 3.4.1 Sources of solid/hazardous waste from oil refineries ........................................ 3-31 3.4.2 Factors affecting waste generation .................................................................... 3-33 TGM for Petroleum Refining Industry i August 2010 Table of Contents 3.4.3 Technologies for refinery solid waste treatment................................................ 3-34 3.5 Summary of Applicable National Regulations .................................................................. 3-40 3.5.1 General description of major statutes ................................................................ 3-40 3.5.2 General standards for discharge of environmental pollutants ........................... 3-40 3.5.3 Industry-specific requirements .......................................................................... 3-40 3.5.4 Pending and proposed regulatory requirements ................................................. 3-53 4. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EIA 4-1 4.1 Coverage of the Industry under the Purview of Notification .............................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Application for prior environmental clearance .................................................... 4-3 4.1.2 Siting guidelines .................................................................................................. 4-3 4.2 Scoping for EIA Studies ...................................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1 Pre-feasibility report ............................................................................................ 4-5 4.2.2 Guidance for providing information in Form 1 ................................................... 4-6 4.2.3 Identification of appropriate valued environmental components ........................ 4-7 4.2.4 Methods for identification of impacts .................................................................. 4-7 4.2.5 Testing the Significance of Impacts .................................................................. 4-13 4.2.6 Terms of reference for EIA studies ................................................................... 4-13 4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment ................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.1 EIA team ............................................................................................................ 4-19 4.3.2 Baseline quality of the environment .................................................................. 4-20 4.3.3 Impact prediction tools ...................................................................................... 4-23 4.3.4 Significance of the impacts ................................................................................ 4-23 4.4 Social Impact Assessment ................................................................................................. 4-24 4.5 Risk Assessment ................................................................................................................ 4-26 4.5.1 Storage and handling of hazardous materials .................................................... 4-30 4.5.2 Hazard identification ......................................................................................... 4-30 4.5.3 Hazard assessment and evaluation ..................................................................... 4-30 4.5.4 Disaster management plan ................................................................................
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