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Journal of Growth Performance of Three ISSN 2354-5844 Journal of Volume 2, Number 1, April 2014 Wetlands Environmental Management 66 Growth Performance of Three Indigenous Tree Species (Cratoxylum arborescens Vahl. Blume, Alstonia spathulata Blume, and Stemonurus scorpioides Becc.) Planted at Burned Area in Klias Peat Swamp Forest, Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia ANDY RUSSEL MOJIOL1, WAHYUDI² AND NARBERT NASLY3, ¹School of International Tropical Forestry, Locked Bag 2073, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah; Malaysia ² Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, PalangkaRayaUniversity, Palangka Raya, Indonesia ³Sabah Forestry Department, Locked Bag 68, 90009 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the growth performance of three indigenous tree species planted under open area planting technique of burned area at Klias Peat Swamp Forest, Beaufort, Sabah. Three indigenous tree species was used in this study, namely are Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Blume (Geronggang), Alstonia spathulata Blume (Pulai), and Stemonurus scorpioides Becc. (Katok). A total of 45 seedlings for each species were examined using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with spacing of 3mx3m. Data collection for height, diameter, and survivality was recorded every two weeks within 10 weeks period from the seedlings was planted. Results from this study showed, the growth performance of Geronggang species was much better than the Pulai species, while all the Katok seedlings were died after week 6 in this experiment. The Geronggang species had the average mean height increment of 24.17 cm and average mean diameter increment of 2.76 mm, while Pulai species had average mean height increment of 9.36 cm and average mean diameter increment with 1.86 mm. For the survivality results, it showed that the Geronggang species had the highest survivality rate at 93.33% and Pulai species with 86.67%. There was a significant difference in term of relative height growth rate between Geronggang and Pulai species. However, there was no significant difference in term of relative diameter growth rate at significant level of P ≤ 0.05. The findings indicates that Geronggang and Pulai are suitable to be planted at burned area in Klias peat swamp forest for the purpose of reforestation using open area planting technique, while the Katok species is not suitable due to environment consideration. The better growth performance of the Geronggang and Pulai species are because they can easily adapted with the open area planting at the study site. Keywords: peat swamp forest, burned forest area, indigenous species, growth performance, environment factor INTRODUCTION serious threat as long as preventive measures are not taken. Forest clearing and burning for Based on past events in Sabah, there were cultivation in surrounding areas during over 100,000 haof peat swamp forest and extended drought periods is likely to be the almost two-thirds of it was concentrated in the major cause of fires in Klias Forest Reserve. Klias Peninsula, but a large amount has been The fires of 1998 and 2003, which destroyed ruined by repeated fires. parts of the Klias \Forest Reserve, bear The closest Binsuluk Forest Reserve, in testimony to the destructive impact of fire particular, has been rigorously destroyed by (Sabah Forestry Department, 2005). fire, leaving only the Klias Forest Reserve For the burned area in Klias peat swamp somewhat intact. Presently, it is expected that forest, there is a need to restore to natural less than 40,000 haof peat swamp forest stay forest. However, it is difficult to restore to as an effect of habitat loss through fire and natural forest without human assistance. It is land alteration (UNDP, 2006). because the establishment of forest Fire poses a significant threat to the plantations especially in burned areas in peat conservation of peat swamp forest in Klias swamp forest has many problems mainly Forest Reserve and is expected to remain a because of the poor accessibility and low soil ISSN 2354-5844 Journal of Volume 2, Number 1, April 2014 Wetlands Environmental Management 67 production. Thus, plantations may not be forest reserve caught fire severely in 1998 and successful ventures without intensive 2003. management with high capital input (Ismail et al., 2007). This study was carried out due to the lack of information and more research needed on planting and conserving of indigenous trees species in burned area in Klias Forest Reserve. The results obtained from this study can be used for references in rehabilitation of KliasForest peat swamp forest in Klias Forest Reserve Reserve degraded area especially due to forest fire. Besides, choosing of suitable indigenous species to be planted initially in burned area to regenerated original forest is important, as Figure 1. Location of Klias Forest maintenance cost is high if wrong species is Reserve in Sabah chosen. Growth performance and survivability of these indigenous species can be used as data base for choosing the right species that can be plant initially in burned area of peat swamp forest in Klias Forest Reserve. The main objective of this study wasto evaluate the growth performance of three indigenous tree species planted in burned area in peat swamp forest, Klias Forest Reserve. The elements that have been focused on were the growth of diameter, height and the Figure 2. Location of the study site in climatic data that influenced on growth of the Klias Forest Reserve, Beaufort indigenous trees species at the site planting. Experimental design. A Randomized MATERIAL AND METHODS Complete Block Design (RCBD) with Systematic Line Planting was adopted for this This study was conducted in Klias Forest study with planting plot size of 15 x 27 m in Reserve which is located at West Coast of three replications. In each replicate, a total of Sabah, Malaysia, consists of about 3,630 ha 45 seedlings were planted at a spacing of 3 x of mixed peat swamp forest. It is situated 10 3 m. The total numbers of potted-seedlings kmfrom Beaufort Town at latitude 115˚ 20- planted in the burned area were135 seedlings. 40′ East and 5˚12-15´ North. Most of the site The open planting method was used for this comprises flat or gently undulating terrain. study. The annual rainfall is approximately 3690 mm. This area is considered as one of the wet area in Sabah. Dry season is from February to March and wet season is from November to December. Range of temperature is between 25 - 31º C. The histories of this area are some of the ISSN 2354-5844 Journal of Volume 2, Number 1, April 2014 Wetlands Environmental Management 68 Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 3 m 3 m K P G K P K P G K P K P G K P P G K P G P G K P G P G K P G G K P G K G K P G K G K P G K K P G K P K P G K P K P G K P P G K P G P G K P G P G K P G G K P G K G K P G K G K P G K K P G K P K P G K P K P G K P P G K P G P G K P G P G K P G G K P G K G K P G K G K P G K Indicators: P - Pulai ------------------------ 15 seedlings x 3 blocks = 45 seedlings K - Katok ----------------------- 15 seedlings x 3 blocks = 45 seedlings G - Geronggang --------------- 15 seedlings x 3 blocks = 45 seedlings Spacing: 3 x 3 m of each seedlings Figure 3.Layout of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)with Systematic Line-Planting In this study, three indigenous species were chosen for the experiment to evaluate their Data collection. For growth performance growth performance. All of the seedlings data, seedling’s diameter and height were were supplied by Forestry Department at measured every two weeks in the field for 10 Klias Station. The average age of the weeks after the seedlings were planted. seedlings was sevenmonths. The trees species Diameters of seedlings were measured at 10 were Cratoxylum arborescens (Geronggang) cm above the ground using Digital Caliper. Alstonia spathulata (Pulai), and Stemonurus To ensure each measurement was taken at the scorpioides Becc. (Katok). same point, a semi-permanent mark at 10 cm A total of 45 seedlings were planted for above the ground was installed for each each species. The seedlings planted in the seedling. The height of the seedlings was three blocks were 135 seedlings. Within each considered from above the ground to the base of the block, the number of seedlings planted of the top bud using a measuring tape. was 45; 15 seedlings for Geronggang species, Survival rates (number of seedlings) of the 15 seedlings for Pulai species and 15 seedlings were recorded. seedlings for Katok species. The planting started at 7.00 am and completed at 11.30 am Climatic and soil data. The data on 6th September 2007. collection of rainfall, temperature and relative ISSN 2354-5844 Journal of Volume 2, Number 1, April 2014 Wetlands Environmental Management 69 humidity for this study were based on the data Sabah Agriculture Department as a secondary provided by Sabah Meteorological data in this study (Deratil et al., 2004). Department based at Kota Kinabalu. While Data analysis. The growth data measured for the light intensity, light meter was used to for diameter and height parameters were measure the light intensity at the planting compiled using Microsoft Excel program and area. The point of the light readings was subjected to the t-test analysis by using SPSS chosen randomly in the three blocks.
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