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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume 87 | Number 5 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF Our thanks to the following organizations that TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE provided funding and/or editorial support to offi cial Journal of the American Society of produce this supplement: | Supplement Advancing global health since 1903 Tropical Medicine and Hygiene VOLUME 87 NOVEMBER 2012 NUMBER 5 SUPPLEMENT Special Supplement on integrated Community Case Management Guest Editors: David R. Marsh, Save the Children, Westport, CT, USA; Davidson H. Hamer, Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University, USA; Franco Pagnoni, WHO/TDR and Global Malaria Program, Geneva, Switzerland; Stefan Peterson, Karolinska Institutet and Uppsala University, Sweden, and Makerere University, Uganda The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene The American Journal of Tropical Global iCCM Advocacy Care Seeking Behaviors Health Systems Household Costs 1, 6 30, 36, 97, 105 61, 69, 77 137 Global iCCM Research Agenda iCCM and Newborn Private Sector 2, 151 46 92 Impact of iCCM iCCM Program Issues Quality of Care 11, 21 54, 85, 111, 120, 144 127 Acknowledgments i A health systems approach to integrated community case management of childhood illness: Methods and tools Cover Photo Attributions ii Laura McGorman, David R. Marsh, Tanya Guenther, Kate Gilroy, PREFACE Lawrence M. Barat, Diaa Hammamy, Emmanuel Wansi, Stefan Peterson, Special CCM Supplement in the American Journal of Tropical Davidson H. Hamer, and Asha George 69 Medicine and Hygiene Beyond distance: An approach to measure effective access to case Anthony Lake 1 management for sick children in Africa Tanya Guenther, Salim Sadruddin, Tiyese Chimuna, Bias Sichamba, ARTICLES Kojo Yeboah-Antwi, Bamody Diakite, Bamadio Modibo, Eric Swedberg, The CCMCentral website is a product of the Introduction to a special supplement: Evidence for the and David R. Marsh 77 implementation, effects, and impact of the integrated community global iCCM Task Force. The website aims to case management strategy to treat childhood infection Community health workers providing government community case David R. Marsh, Davidson H. Hamer, Franco Pagnoni, management for child survival in sub-Saharan Africa: Who are they centralize resources, provide examples of best and Stefan Peterson 2 and what are they expected to do? Asha George, Mark Young, Rory Nefdt, Roshni Basu, Mariame Sylla, practices and give access to tools on planning, World Health Organization/United Nations Children’s Fund joint Guy Clarysse, Marika Yip Bannicq, Alexandra de Sousa, Nancy Binkin, statement on integrated community case management: and Theresa Diaz 85 implementation and monitoring of community An equity-focused strategy to improve access to essential treatment services for children Private sector drug shops in integrated community case case management of childhood illness. It also Mark Young, Cathy Wolfheim, David R. Marsh, and Diaa Hammamy 6 management of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea in children in Uganda provides a forum for answers to questions and Impact of community management of fever (using antimalarials with Phyllis Awor, Henry Wamani, Godfrey Bwire, George Jagoe, or without antibiotics) on childhood mortality: A cluster-randomized and Stefan Peterson 92 controlled trial in Ghana discussions of challenges related to iCCM. The Margaret A. Chinbuah, Piet A. Kager, Mercy Abbey, Margaret Gyapong, Community acceptability and adoption of integrated community website is currently managed by the USAID Elizabeth Awini, Justice Nonvignon, Martin Adjuik, Moses Aikins, case management in Uganda Franco Pagnoni, and John O. Gyapong 11 Agnes Nanyonjo, Maureen Nakirunda, Frederick Makumbi, flagship Maternal and Child Health Integrated Göran Tomson, Karin Källander, and the inSCALE Study Group 97 Integrated community case management of fever in children under fi ve using rapid diagnostic tests and respiratory rate counting: Impact of integrated community case management on Program (MCHIP). a multi-country cluster randomized trial health-seeking behavior in rural Zambia David Mukanga, Alfred B. Tiono, Thomas Anyorigiya, Karin Källander, Philip D. Seidenberg, Davidson H. Hamer, Hari Iyer, Portipher Pilingana, Amadou T. Konaté, Abraham R. Oduro, James K. Tibenderana, Kazungu Siazeele, Busiku Hamainza, William B. MacLeod, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Simon Cousens, and Kojo Yeboah-Antwi 105 Components include: Guy Barnish, and Franco Pagnoni 21 Interventions to improve motivation and retention of community - Tools for Advocacy, Programming and M&E Use of community health workers for management of malaria and health workers delivering integrated community case management pneumonia in urban and rural areas in eastern Uganda (iCCM): Stakeholder perceptions and priorities - iCCM Benchmarks and Indicators Elizeus Rutebemberwa, Daniel Kadobera, Sheila Katureebe, Daniel L. Strachan, Karin Källander, Augustinus H. A. ten Asbroek, Joan N. Kalyango, Edison Mworozi, and George Pariyo 30 Betty Kirkwood, Sylvia R. Meek, Lorna Benton, Lesong Conteh, - Operations Research Information Increased use of community medicine distributors and rational use James Tibenderana, and Zelee Hill 111 - Links Compilation of drugs in children less than fi ve years of age in Uganda caused by Factors affecting availability of essential medicines among integrated community case management of fever community health workers in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Rwanda: - Documents Bank Joan N. Kalyango, Ann Lindstrand, Elizeus Rutebemberwa, Sarah Ssali, Solving the last mile puzzle Daniel Kadobera, Charles Karamagi, Stefan Peterson, Yasmin Chandani, Megan Noel, Amanda Pomeroy, Sarah Andersson, and Tobias Alfven 36 Michelle K. Pahl, and Timothy Williams 120 For more information, contact Introduction of newborn care within integrated community case Comparison of methods for assessing quality of care for community management in Uganda case management of sick children: An application with community [email protected]. Christine Nalwadda Kayemba, Hanifah Naamala Sengendo, health workers in Malawi James Ssekitooleko, Kate Kerber, Karin Källander, Peter Waiswa, Cristina V. Cardemil, Kate E. Gilroy, Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru, Patrick Aliganyira, Tanya Guenther, Nathalie Gamache, Clare Strachan, Humphreys Nsona, and Jennifer Bryce 127 Charles Ocan, Godfrey Magumba, Helen Counihan, Anthony K. Mbonye, and David R. Marsh 46 Household costs for treatment of severe pneumonia in Pakistan Salim Sadruddin, Shafqat Shehzad, Abdul Bari, Attaullah Khan, Scaling up integrated community case management of childhood Ibad-ul-Haque, Amanullah Khan, and Shamim Qazi 137 illness: Update from Malawi Visit the iCCM Task Force’s website: Humphreys Nsona, Angella Mtimuni, Bernadette Daelmans, Insights from community case management data in six sub-Saharan Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru, Kate Gilroy, Leslie Mgalula, African countries http://www.ccmcentral.com Timothy Kachule, and Texas Zamasiya 54 Yolanda Barberá Laínez, Alison Wittcoff, Amina Issa Mohamud, Paul Amendola, Henry B. Perry, and Emmanuel D’Harcourt 144 Health workers’ and managers’ perceptions of the integrated community case management program for childhood illness in Integrated community case management: Next steps in addressing Malawi: The importance of expanding access to child health services the implementation research agenda Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru, Adnan A. Hyder, Asha George, Davidson H. Hamer, David R. Marsh, Stefan Peterson, Kate E. Gilroy, Humphreys Nsona, Angella Mtimuni, and Jennifer Bryce 61 and Franco Pagnoni 151 For more information about the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene please visit us at www.astmh.org The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene is online at www.ajtmh.org Download our free app! Now available for Apple and Android devices THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (ISSN 0002-9637) Center for Global Health and Diseases TEL: 1-216-368-6940 2109 Adelbert Road, Room 429 FAX: 1-216-368-6987 Case Western Reserve University E-MAIL: [email protected] Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7286 USA www.ajtmh.org Editor-in-Chief: Joseph M. Vinetz [email protected] Associate Editor: James W. Kazura [email protected] Managing Editor: Cathi B. Siegel [email protected] Editorial Assistant: Danielle Buckley [email protected] Statistician: Allen W. Hightower [email protected] Section Editors: J. Kevin Baird [email protected] James McCarthy [email protected] Thomas W. Scott [email protected] Scott C. Weaver [email protected] Mary Wilson [email protected] Editorial Associate: Sanjiv Baxi [email protected] Editorial Board John Barnwell Alan Magill Pavani K. Ram Caryn Bern Diane McMahon-Pratt Philip Rosenthal Hector Garcia Steven R. Meshnick Terrie Taylor James M. Hughes Thomas B. Nutman Robert B. Tesh Philip Loverde Rebeca Rico-Hesse David Walker American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene President Councilors Term Expires James Kazura Steven Higgs 2012 President-Elect David Walker Desiree LaBeaud 2012 Past President Richard Steketee 2012 Peter Hotez Secretary-Treasurer Peter A. Zimmerman 2013 David Hill Victoria McGovern 2014 Scientific Program Chair Christopher King Kenneth Stuart 2014 Executive Director Daniel Bausch 2015 Karen Goraleski Advisor Sarah Volkman 2015 Peter Weller The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Subscriptions and Single Copies or the organizations with which the authors Hygiene (ISSN 0002-9637) is a peer-reviewed Institutions can purchase an online-only are affiliated. The Editor(s), publisher, and journal
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