DOCSLIB.ORG

The Unborn One: a Profile Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE UNBORN ONE: A PROFILE OF THE HUMAN EXPERIENCE OF MISCARRIAGE by Kristen M. Swanson-Kauffman B.S., University of Rhode Island, 1975 M.S.N., University of Pennsylvania, 1978 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Nursing 1983 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. KRISTEN M. SWANSON-KAUFFMAN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This thesis for the Doctor of Philosophy degree by Kristen M. Swanson-Kauffman has been approved for the School of Nursing / Ebert ibert J. Harmon Laura D. Goodwin Glenn Webs Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Swanson-Kauffman, Kristen M. The Unborn One: A Profile of the Human Experience of Miscarriage Thesis directed by Professor M. Jean Watson The purpose of this dissertation was to describe the human experience of miscarriage and the caring needs of the women who miscarried. A qualitative (modified grounded theory) research design was chosen for its compatibility with the research purpose and its methodological f i t with the valuing of nursing as a human science. A convenience sample of 20 women who had miscarried within 15 weeks prior to study entry were interviewed twice about their experience with early pregnancy loss and the associated caring needs. The taped interviews were open-ended and transcripts were analyzed qualitatively for recurrent themes/categories that would aid the description of the phenomena. The categories were evolved using a constant comparative method in which each informant was compared to all other informants; all informants were compared to each emerging category; and fin a lly , all categories were compared to the study's underlying assumptions as well as the literature reviewed. The six experience categories developed were: 1) Coming to Know: describes the confusing painful process of balancing the mounting evidence of impending loss against hopes for a healthy pregnancy outcome; 2) Losing and Gaining: depicts the m ultiplicity of perceived losses and gains amongst the informants; 3) Sharing the Loss: summarizes the amount of recognition and support the women received throughout their loss; 4) Going Public: describes the process of letting others know about the loss and the price paid at Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. miscarriage for having (or not having) gone public with the pregnancy; 5) Getting Through It : compares the grieving patterns of the informants; and 6) Trying Again: discusses the decisions made related to plans for future pregnancies and identifies the related ongoing fears of future loss. The five caring categories developed were: 1) Knowing: identifies the woman's desire to be understood for her personal experience; 2) Being With: illustrates the woman's need to have others feel with her; 3) Enabling: depicts the need to have her grieving facilitated; 4) Doing For: describes the need to have others do for her ( i.e ., physical care); and 5) Maintaining Belief: focuses on the need to have others maintain belief in her capacity to get through the loss and to eventually give birth. The significance of this study for nursing is that it: 1) enables nurses and other health care providers to more clearly understand miscarriage in particular and perhaps human loss in general; 2) provides information which is of potential use to the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to the actual and potential health problem of miscarriage; 3) lends support to Watson's Theory of Caring; and 4) offers a methodology that is compatible with the valuing of nursing as the science of human care. The form and content of the a b s tractV e approved. I recommend its publication. s i FacultyTfiember in charge of thesis ■ - Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to Chuck and J.C., the two most important people in my lif e . I love you both very much and thank you for being with me every step of the way. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Grateful acknowledgement is extended to a number of very special people whose support and assistance were integral to the completion of this research. First and foremost I extend a warm thank you to the 20 women who so openly shared their miscarriage experience with me. Their patient teaching brought me closer to an understanding of the human experience of miscarriage and the caring needs of a woman who miscarried- In addition, I thank their care providers whose assistance in obtaining informants was crucial. Grateful acknowledgement is also extended to those individuals who assisted me with my attempts at re lia b ility and valid ity. The critical comments of JoAnn Glittenberg, JoAnne Middleton, Donna Arthur, Susan Stroble and Nancy Nickel were all deeply appreciated. Valuable research assistance was realized in the efforts of Linda Campbell and Kristine Stemper. Their efficient, rapid transcription of tapes onto the computer was deeply appreciated. Nora Arbogast is also gratefully acknowledged for her assistance with proofreading, filin g , and most of a ll, mothering my son in my absence. I thank John Seidel for his invaluable assistance with the use of The Ethnoqraph. In addition, Cheryl Hershey is thanked for her excellent efforts in typing this dissertation. Acknowledgement is also gratefully extended to both the Sigma Theta Tau Alpha Kappa Chapter-At-Large and to Dr. Joseph Butterfield and the Denver Children's Hospital Regional Program Planning Committee for their financial support of this study. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. v ii To each of my committee members: Jean Watson, Marilyn Ebert, Colleen Conway, Robert Harmon, and Laura Goodwin, I thank you for your support, guidance and trust in my capacity to carry out this project. I also thank Glenn Webster for agreeing to serve as an external expert reviewer to this dissertation. The comments and suggestions provided by all of you were insightful and contributed greatly to the quality of my dissertaion experience. I especially wish to thank my chairperson, Jean Watson, whose caring is expressed in all that she does. I am deeply grateful to Jean for her ongoing mandates for excellence tempered by patient guidance and warm encouragement. To my husband Charles and my son John Charles, I thank you for your patience and loving support. Your belief in me and willingness to be there for me made i t all possible. Finally, I thank God, in Whose loving hands it has always worked out to the good. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CONTENTS CHAPTER I. THE QUEST............................................................................ 1 Significance of the Study .......................................... 2 Statement of the Questions ...................................... 5 Theoretical Background .............................................. 7 Assumption O n e ......................................................... 8 Assumption T w o ......................................................... 15 Assumption Three ..................................................... 18 Assumption Four ..................................................... 22 Assumption Five ..................................................... 26 Summary and Restatement of the Questions .... 30 I I . PROFILES OF PERINATAL LO SS.......................................... 32 Grief in G e n e ra l ......................................................... 32 The Needs of "Grievers in G e n e ra l" ....................... 38 Perinatal Loss ............................................................. 44 Review of Perinatal Loss Research Articles . 47 Summary of Clinical Articles .................................. 83 Spontaneous Abortion .................................................. 101 Recent Books Which Address Miscarriage ............... 110 Pilot Study: Preliminary Investigation of the Emotional Impact of Miscarriage .... 114 Data Collection ..........................................................115 Data Analysis ......................................................... 115 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ix CHAPTER Results .........................................................................116 Summary of the Pilot Study .................................... 124 Summary of the Review of the L ite ra tu re ....................124 I I I . THE PROCESS.............................................................................125 The Multiplicity of Realities .................................. 125 The Nature of R e a lity ......................................................127 Description of the Methodology .............................. 132 Research Strategy ..................................................... 136 Info rm an ts ..................................................................... 136 Data Collection and A n a ly s is ...................................138 Interview Schedule ....................................................
Recommended publications
  • Please Don't Praise It: How Compliments on Identity Signals

    Please Don't Praise It: How Compliments on Identity Signals

    ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 11 E. Superior Street, Suite 210, Duluth, MN 55802 Please Don’T Praise It: How Compliments on Identity Signals Result in Embarrassment Lisa A. Cavanaugh, University of Southern California, USA Joseph C. Nunes, University of Southern California, USA Young Jee Han, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea Four studies show that receiving a compliment related to an identity signal often results in embarrassment, an arguably unforeseen and generally unwelcome self-conscious emotion. Consumer embarrassment depends on the conspicuousness of the signal as well as the extent to which the signal and one’s beliefs about oneself are incongruent. [to cite]: Lisa A. Cavanaugh, Joseph C. Nunes, and Young Jee Han (2016) ,"Please Don’T Praise It: How Compliments on Identity Signals Result in Embarrassment", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 44, eds. Page Moreau and Stefano Puntoni, Duluth, MN : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 70-75. [url]: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/1021685/volumes/v44/NA-44 [copyright notice]: This work is copyrighted by The Association for Consumer Research. For permission to copy or use this work in whole or in part, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com/. My Heart on my Sleeve: Emotion as Information in a Social World Chair: Yimin Cheng, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China Paper #1: Please Don’t Praise It: How Compliments on Identity to signal intrinsic (vs. extrinsic or control) motivation strategically Signals Result in Embarrassment display larger smiles to potential observers. Lisa A. Cavanaugh, University of Southern California, USA These informational effects of emotions may at times be highly Joseph C.
  • Affection Driven Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis

    Affection Driven Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis

    Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 112–119 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Affection Driven Neural Networks for Sentiment Analysis Rong Xiang1, Yunfei Long34, Mingyu Wan25, Jinghang Gu2, Qin Lu1, Chu-Ren Huang2 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University12, University of Nottingham3, Peking University4, University of Essex5 Department of Computing, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (China)1 Chinese and Bilingual Studies, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong (China)2 NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham (UK) 3 Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester (UK)4 School of Foreign Languages, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing (China)5 School of Computer Science and Electronic [email protected], [email protected], fmingyu.wan,jinghgu,[email protected], [email protected] Abstract Deep neural network models have played a critical role in sentiment analysis with promising results in the recent decade. One of the essential challenges, however, is how external sentiment knowledge can be effectively utilized. In this work, we propose a novel affection-driven approach to incorporating affective knowledge into neural network models. The affective knowledge is obtained in the form of a lexicon under the Affect Control Theory (ACT), which is represented by vectors of three-dimensional attributes in Evaluation, Potency, and Activity (EPA). The EPA vectors are mapped to an affective influence value and then integrated into Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) models to highlight affective terms. Experimental results show a consistent improvement of our approach over conventional LSTM models by 1.0% to 1.5% in accuracy on three large benchmark datasets.
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder in the DSM-5 Era

    Separation Anxiety Disorder in the DSM-5 Era

    Modern psychopathologies or old diagnoses? Separation anxiety disorder in the DSM-5 era C. Carmassi1, C. Gesi1, E. Massimetti1, M.K. Shear2, L. Dell’Osso1 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; 2 School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, USA Summary In all cases, Separation Anxiety Disorder is associated with a Separation Anxiety Disorder has been recently classified into the severe impact on the overall functioning. Most relevant research DSM-5 section of Anxiety Disorders, acknowledging its role not in the field is discussed highlighting the need of a paradigm shift only in childhood and adolescence but also across the whole in which clinicians are alerted to identify and treat this con- lifespan. In the DSM-IV-TR, in fact, this condition was typically dition in all age upon the recent DSM-5 reformulation will be considered to begin in childhood. Clinical data report preva- highlighted. lence rates from 20 to 40%, showing high comorbidity rates with most mental disorders. Epidemiological data highlight that Key words in fact one third of childhood cases persist into adulthood, while Separation anxiety • Panic disorder • Anxiety disorders • Complicated the majority of adult cases reports its first onset in adulthood. grief • Post-traumatic stress disorder Separation anxiety disorder across the DSM-5 der are considered to be free of impairing anxiety over their lifetime. However, it has been shown that more The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual than one third of subjects classified as childhood cases of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) 1 has recently introduced might persist into adulthood 5 and some epidemiologi- important classification changes, including the intro- cal and clinical data have highlighted that the preva- duction of Separation Anxiety Disorder has into the sec- lence of Separation Anxiety Disorder might be greater tion of Anxiety Disorders.
  • Apathetic Anthropophagy and Racial Melancholia in Houellebecq's

    Apathetic Anthropophagy and Racial Melancholia in Houellebecq's

    Foreign Food, Foreign Flesh: Apathetic Anthropophagy and Racial Melancholia in Houellebecq’s Submission Luke F. Johnson SubStance, Volume 49, Number 1, 2020 (Issue 151), pp. 25-40 (Article) Published by Johns Hopkins University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/751173 [ This content has been declared free to read by the pubisher during the COVID-19 pandemic. ] Foreign Food, Foreign Flesh: Apathetic Anthropophagy and Racial Melancholia in Houellebecq’s Submission Luke F. Johnson Abstract This article explores the cannibalistic dimensions of racial disgust and desire in Michel Houellebecq’s Submission. Situated within broader discourses of French déclinisme, Submis- sion offers a melancholic portrait of white nostalgia. Through the tastes and consumptive practices of his characters, Houellebecq depicts white identification as dependent on an ambivalent relationship to corporeal difference. Paying close attention to the mouth’s dual function as a site of ontological triage (sorting out the human from the non-human, the edible from the inedible) and ontological transformation (converting dead matter into living flesh), I argue that cannibalist desire is integral to white nationalist anxiety. I. Meat One of the more telling projects of the Rassemblement National is their vendetta against halal meat. Calling for a lawsuit against commercial fraud in 2012, Marine Le Pen claimed that “the entirety of meat distrib- uted in Île-de-France, unbeknownst to the consumer, is exclusively halal” (“L’offensive,” my translation). For Le Pen, this insidious ruse was a way of showing the French that they were being disrespected in their own country. She continues in Le Parisien, “the fact that everybody is obligated to submit to dietary constraints imposed by a religion… is profoundly unacceptable and disgraceful” (“L’offensive”; my translation and emphasis).
  • From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions Into the Thought-World of the Pāli Discourses (2)

    From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions Into the Thought-World of the Pāli Discourses (2)

    From Grasping to Emptiness – Excursions into the Thought-world of the Pāli Discourses (2) Anālayo © 2010 Anālayo Published by The Buddhist Association of the United States 2020 Route 301, Carmel, New York 10512 Printed in Taiwan Cover design by Laurent Dhaussy ISBN 978-0-615-25529-3 Introduction 3 1. Grasping / Upādāna 5 1.1 Grasping at Sensual Pleasures 5 1.2 Grasping at Views 7 1.3 Grasping at Rules and Observances 9 1.4 Grasping at a Doctrine of Self 10 1.5 The Five Aggregates [Affected by] Clinging 13 1.6 Grasping and Nibbāna 15 1.7 Freedom from Grasping 16 2. Personality View / Sakkāyadihi 19 2.1 Manifestations of Personality View 19 2.2 Removal of Personality View 24 3. Right View / Sammādihi 27 3.1 Wrong View 27 3.2 Right View and Investigation 29 3.3 Right View as the Forerunner of the Path 31 3.4 Arrival at Right View 33 3.5 Right View and the Four Noble Truths 34 4. Volitional Formations / Sakhārā 39 4.1 Sakhāras as an Aggregate 40 4.2 Sakhāras as a Link in Dependent Arising 44 4.3 Sakhāras in General 48 5. Thought / Vitakka 55 5.1 The Ethical Perspective on Thought 56 5.2 The Arising of Thought 57 5.3 The Vitakkasahāna-sutta 60 5.4 Vitakka in Meditation 64 5.5 Thought Imagery 66 6. Wise Attention / Yoniso Manasikāra 69 6.1 Wise ( Yoniso ) 69 6.2 Attention ( Manasikāra ) 72 6.3 The Implications of Wise Attention 72 6.4 The Importance of Wise Attention 78 7.
  • Term Toxic Shame Being Mirrored by One

    Term Toxic Shame Being Mirrored by One

    Donald Bradshaw Nathanson Coined the The compass of term toxic shame. shame Four universal Mark Epstein, Pema Chodron, Being behaviors to Kevin Griffin Karen Horney mirrored defend against Abiding difficult emotions to observe and learn . Four major by one shame. The Idea of PRACTICE and Right View being wise idea that when aempts of Gershen Kaufman non- or attuned. Led to Present with Self and Present with avoiding shame Find the entrances to shaming the neuro2c Others and Wise-Self you are bigger individual to governing scenes. person than or less than Whenever we are makes all come to others. Says, to soluon able to observe upon the learn from our our experience, we difference shame and "Just immediately detach love yourself." from it. Brene Brown Silvan Thomas Tony Webb Empathy opposite of Scheff/Helen Tomkins Virginia Satir The social aspects of shame; judge in Lewis Block Emotions the compass of Four coping areas most Disrupts bond are shame -- aggression, vulnerable to shame; motivators. stances: depression, isolation, Humiliated Placating, judging numbs-easier Affect and addiction. fury. Blame, Being than loss/grief; pre- Acknowledge theory: Alienation and Super- aggression broader frontal cortex off in shame then Scripts are shame. connection to begun as Reasonable, social results from Perfectionism. others soon as we Being Irrelevant avoiding shame. 'Good' shame as restored. are born. humility. Show deference to others. What does acknowledged shame look like? What is attunement? Shame-anger spirals. Governing Scenes Gershen
  • 1 Neff, KD & Germer, C. (2017)

    1 Neff, KD & Germer, C. (2017)

    Neff, K. D. & Germer, C. (2017). Self-Compassion and Psychological Wellbeing. In J. Doty (Ed.) Oxford Handbook of Compassion Science, Chap. 27. Oxford University Press. Self-Compassion and Psychological Well-being Kristin Neff and Christopher Germer This chapter will provide an overview of theory and research on self-compassion and its link to psychological well-being, which is the goal of clinical practice. It will discuss what self- compassion is and what it isn't (e.g., a form of weakness, selfishness, etc.), and provide empirical evidence to support these distinctions. Finally, it will discuss methods that have been developed to teach individuals how to be more self-compassionate in their daily lives, some clinical implications of self-compassion training, and future directions for research. What is self-compassion? To better understand what is intended by the term self-compassion, it is helpful to first consider what it means to feel compassion for others, a concept many of us have more familiarity with. Compassion involves sensitivity to the experience of suffering, coupled with a deep desire to alleviate that suffering (Goertz, Keltner & Simon-Thomas, 2010). This means opening one’s awareness to the pain of others, without avoiding or disconnecting from it, allowing feelings of kindness towards others and a desire to ameliorate their suffering to emerge (Wispe, 1991). Compassion also involves an understanding of the shared human condition, fragile and imperfect as it is, as well as a willingness to extend that understanding to others when they fail or make mistakes. Instead of looking away or rolling up your window when you pull up next to that homeless man at a stoplight, for example, you pause and take a moment to reflect on how 1 difficult things are for him.
  • A Comparative Study of the Bell Jar and the Poetry of a Few Indian Women Poets

    A Comparative Study of the Bell Jar and the Poetry of a Few Indian Women Poets

    AKHTAR JAMAL KHAN, BIBHUDUTT DASH Approaches to Angst and the Male World: A Comparative Study of The Bell Jar and the Poetry of a Few Indian Women Poets Pitting Sylvia Plath’s speakers against male chauvinism is a usual critical practice, but this antinomy primarily informs her work. Most of her writings express an anguish that transcends the torment of the individual speakers in question, and voices or represents the despair of all women who undergo similar anguish. As David Holbrook writes: “When one knows Sylvia Plath’s work through and through, and has penetrated her inner topography, the confusion, hate and madness become frighteningly apparent” (357). The besetting question is what causes this angst. Apparently, a stifling patriarchal system that sty- mies woman’s freedom seems to be the cause of this anguish. However, it would be lopsided to say that Plath’s work is simply an Armageddon between man and woman. This paper compares Sylvia Plath’s novel The Bell Jar (1963) and the poetry of a few twentieth-century Indian women poets such as Kamala Das, Mamta Kalia, Melanie Silgardo, Eunice de Souza, Smita Agarwal and Tara Patel to study the angst experienced by the speakers and their approaches to the male world. Here, the term ‘male world’ refers to any social condition where man overtly or tacitly punctuates a woman’s life. Thus, it precisely refers to a patriarchal social order. Talking about twentieth-century poetry and making references to the posi- tion of women poets, John Brannigan writes: “In their time, Elizabeth Jennings, Sylvia Plath and Eliza- beth Bishop seemed isolated and remote from the male-dominated generation of the fifties and sixties” (Poplawski 632).
  • Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin De Siècle Art and Literature

    Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin De Siècle Art and Literature

    Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Edited by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin and Luba Jurgenson Anxiety, Angst, Anguish in Fin de Siècle Art and Literature Edited by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin and Luba Jurgenson This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Rosina Neginsky, Marthe Segrestin, Luba Jurgenson and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-4383-8 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-4383-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ..................................................................................... ix Introduction .............................................................................................. xiv Part I: Thresholds Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2 Le Pays intermédiaire saloméen: un lieu entre expérience de l’angoisse et libération créatrice – The Salomean Land Between: A Place between Experience of Anguish and Creative Liberation Britta Benert Chapter Two .............................................................................................
  • Guilt, Shame, and Grief: an Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement

    Guilt, Shame, and Grief: an Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement

    Guilt, Shame, and Grief: An Empirical Study of Perinatal Bereavement by Peter Barr 'Death in the sickroom', Edvard Munch 1893 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Sydney November, 2003 Preface All of the work described in this thesis was carried out personally by the author under the auspices of the Centre for Behavioural Sciences, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney. None of the work has been submitted previously for the purpose of obtaining any other degree. Peter Barr OAM, MB BS, FRACP ii The investigator cannot truthfully maintain his relationship with reality—a relationship without which all his work becomes a well-regulated game—if he does not again and again, whenever it is necessary, gaze beyond the limits into a sphere which is not his sphere of work, yet which he must contemplate with all his power of research in order to do justice to his own task. Buber, M. (1957). Guilt and guilt feelings. Psychiatry, 20, p. 114. iii Acknowledgements I am thankful to the Department of Obstetrics and Department of Neonatology of the following hospitals for giving me permission to approach parents bereaved by stillbirth or neonatal death: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Royal Hospital for Women, Royal North Shore Hospital and Westmead Hospital. I am most grateful to Associate Professor Susan Hayes and Dr Douglas Farnill for their insightful supervision and unstinting encouragement and support. Dr Andrew Martin and Dr Julie Pallant gave me sensible statistical advice.
  • About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These

    About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These

    About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. .
  • Bereavement Resource Manual 2018 Purpose

    Bereavement Resource Manual 2018 Purpose

    Richmond’s Bereavement Resource Manual 2018 Purpose This manual is designed to serve as an educational resource guide to grieving families and bereavement professionals in the Central Virginia area and to provide a practical list of available national and local support services. It is meant to be a useful reference and is not intended as an exhaustive listing. Grief is not neat and tidy. At Full Circle Grief Center, we realize that each person’s grief journey is unique and personal, based on many factors. Keep in mind that there is no “right” or “wrong” way to cope with grief. After losing a loved one, family members have varying ways of coping and may require different levels of support over time. We hope that some aspect of this manual will be helpful to those grieving in our community and the professionals, friends, and family who support them. Manual created by: Graphic Design by: Copyright © 2010 Allyson England Drake, M.Ed., CT Kali Newlen-Burden Full Circle Grief Center. Founder and Executive Director www.kalinewlen.com Revised January 2018. Full Circle Grief Center All rights reserved. Cover Art Design by: Logan H. Macklin, aged 13 2 Table of Contents Purpose Page 2 Full Circle Grief Center Page 4 Grief and Loss Pages 5 - 9 Children, Teens and Grief Pages 10 - 20 Perinatal Loss and Death of an Infant Pages 21 - 23 Suicide Loss Pages 24 -26 When Additional Support is Needed Pages 27-31 Self-Care Page 32 Rituals and Remembrance Page 33 How to Help and Support Grieving Families Page 34 Community Bereavement Support Services Pages 35-47 Online Grief and Bereavement Services Pages 48-49 Book List for Grief and Loss Pages 50-61 Thoughts from a Grieving Mother Pages 61-63 Affirmations and Aspirations Pages 64-65 3 Full Circle’s mission is to provide comprehensive, professional grief support to children, adults, families, and communities.