Northern Trip Report Sani Pre-tour: 30th March to 3rd April 2014 Main Tour: 3rd to 18th April 2014

Toucan Barbet by Steve Zarate

Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Forrest Rowland RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 2

Sani Pre-tour Top 5 Highlights: 1. Banded 2. Salvin’s Curassow 3. Cream-colored Woodpecker 4. Cocha Antshrike 5. Blue-and-yellow Macaw

Main Tour Top 10 Highlights: 1. Ocellated Tapaculo 2. Andean Cock-of-the-Rock 3. Plate-billed Mountain 4. Inca Jay 5. Hoatzin 6. Andean Condor 7. Violet-tailed Sylph 8. Crested Owl 9. Sword-billed Hummingbird 10. Wire-tailed Manakin

Tour Intro Ecuador is, basically, incomparable. This once humble and relatively obscure country has become the best-known of all the South American nations among birders. Despite being no larger in size than the state of Colorado (USA), and occupying less than one-quarter the size of the Republic of , Ecuador has 32% more species than the whole of North America and only 15% less than Colombia. The political boundaries of this nation include some of the highest peaks in the entire Andean chain, down to the humid rainforests of the Amazon. Even the arid plains of the Tumbes region can be found within this small, yet infinitely diverse, country. In the North, two distinct Andean chains result in a dry Intern-Andean Valley, separate rain- shadows on the outer slopes, and every habitat that such a varied and rich equatorial topography could possibly include. The goal of this tour was to provide an introduction to these zones. In most countries, 15 days would fall short in representation of such diversity: distances would be too great, travel times prohibitive and, quite often, infrastructure in rural South America simply doesn’t allow for efficiency. Ecuador is such an amazing country to explore because it suffers none of these drawbacks!

Tour Summary Due to anomalous weather the past couple years, a prolonged rainy season and general late nesting-times prevailed. We therefore found ourselves among on nests and feeding young, and this situation presented a few obvious difficulties. Due to the same weather, we found ourselves wet on occasion, which in turn presented other difficulties. While common sense takes into account shortened time in the field due to weather and fewer responsive individual birds due to nesting times, it would dictate that a tour conducted during this period would turn up fewer birds than would have been the situation had the weather been normal for this time of year. It was the case that, during the course of our days in Ecuador, we noted a few of the usually frequently encountered species as seemingly absent. We also found some normally gregarious species to be solitary and elusive; behaving appropriately for a nesting parent. To a small extent, expectations given the weather and nesting were indeed the case. However, these instances were far outweighed by numerous close encounters with rare birds responding strongly, such as the family group of extremely range-restricted Cocha Antshrikes we found at Sani – all 4 members of the family came right out for us!!! Or the Esmeraldas Antbird that came in to playback, sitting on vines and RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 3 stumps in clear view for everyone. An adult Harpy Eagle, seen only twice previously by the local guide at Sacha, perched up for nearly 15 minutes while we were atop the canopy walkway there. Amazing!

In 19 days we saw, collectively, 720 species of birds and heard another 54, not to mention the 21 species of mammals we encountered (including the Olinguito, only described to Science in 2013). This, despite being rained out for the equivalent of 3 days of birding! As it turned out, however, this was undoubtedly the most exciting and productive tour we have ever conducted in the area. Such a feat is only possible due to the incredible infrastructure in Northern Ecuador and tireless enthusiasm of our fabulous clientele.

Our itinerary began at Sani Lodge for the pre-tour extension, then we visited Sacha Lodge further West in the Upper amazon Basin of Ecuador, before heading into the Andes proper. Our first taste of montane birding was on the east Andean foothills at WildSumaco Lodge. From here we continued nearly due West, and up, spending time at all elevations of the East Andean chain, allowing access to subtropical , temperate forest, even elfin forest and paramo, before crossing the divide and heading into the Choco subtropical endemic region for the final week of the tour. It was a spectacular trip designed to give clients a taste of all the wondrous diversity present in this tiny gem of a country. Nearly 800 species later, I reckon we could say we accomplished the very thing we set out to do…and then some!

Detailed Description of Our Tour Sani Lodge (265m): The newly renovated Sani Lodge is a real treat. The flight to Coca allowed plenty of time for us all to contemplate the journey ahead, starting with our first days in the Amazon Basin. After the 2.5 hour boat ride from Coca to the lodge itself, we were immediately immersed in , trogons, potoos and our first nest of the tour – Chestnut Woodpecker! The boat ride through enchanting Varzea gave us our first American Pygmy and Green-and-rufous Kingfishers, while Hoatzin, Anhinga, and raucous Black-capped Donacobius were plentiful as we crossed the pristine oxbow that Sani Lodge is situated upon. Masked Crimson , Cinnamon Attila, the extremely enigmatic Yellow-billed Nunbird and showy Yellow-bellied Dacnis were among the first birds we encountered on the lodge grounds. A real treat!

Our first full day of the pre-tour was a visit to the Canopy Tower of Sani, followed by a walk through primary forest. Nearly every trail at Sani is accessed by crossing the Oxbow in one direction or the other. This means that every morning is begun with the likes of Green Ibis and Orange-winged Amazons overhead, chirring of Donacobius and crakes in the reeds, Amazon and Ringed Kingfishers on fishing perches, and a lovely down chorus ringing out from all sides. Our first surprise of the tour came very early that morning when I spotted an Great Potoo by Steve Zarate immature Azure Gallinule – a scarce bird in Ecuador! We continued along towards the Tower Dock, beneath troops of Squirrel and Capuchin Monkeys, stopping for Limpkin, White-chinned Jacamar, Rufous- breasted Hermit (building a nest), and a Boat-billed Heron en route, before climbing the tower to a masterful height of 45m. Set in the crown of the tallest kapok tree in sight, the tower allows an amazing RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 4 opportunity to view species in the tree with us that would seldom be seen from the ground. Grey-headed Kite, Slate-colored Hawk, Bare-necked Fruitcrow, Plum-throated , Yellow-browed Tody- Flycatcher, White-browed Purpletuft, Dusky-chested Flycatcher, Pied Puffbird, and a score of , euphonias, dacnis, aracaris, and toucans were among the morning’s plunder. The star of the show, perhaps, was the Great Potoo that decided to roost on a prominent branch in the tree where we stood – although the group of four Blue-and-yellow Macaw that cruised by us, below eye-level, in the morning sun were certainly also contenders. The walk back from the tower to another dock, before a late lunch, yielded many fine species as well. We managed incredible views of two very close Brown Nunlets, Plain-throated and Grey Antwrens, Plain-winged and Cinereous Antshrikes, Black-faced and Peruvian Warbling , as well as looks at a foraging family of lovely Black-spotted Bare-eyes, among other flocking species. We spent the afternoon doing some late afternoon birding by boat up the main creek, and stayed out into late dusk for nocturnal species. In the channel we got looks at our third nest of the tour – Sunbittern. Yes, a Sunbittern nest right on the creek! We could even make out the eggs on this scant, mossy platform. Common Potoo on roost was soon to follow. We spent a bit of time searching for a calling pair of Orange-eyed Flatbills that only allowed glimpses, no doubt nesting along the creek as well. Yellow- crowned Elaenia, Dot- winged and Silvered Antbirds, and a few other fine species showed amongst the low watery vines and aerial roots of the false mangroves of this gorgeous swamp, before the Greater Anis began to amass for roost. With little prompting, but late enough in our efforts to let us sweat a bit, we heard a reply from our quarry – the endemic, and extremely range- restricted (known from Pied Puffbird by Steve Zarate only three sites) Cocha Antshrike female began to chur to my playback, shortly before a male broke into full song near the boat! A little coaxing, and not only did we all have views of the all-black male, but a gorgeous female and two recently-fledged young came into view putting on THE best show of this species I have ever witnessed! It was a fabulous end to the day, but we weren’t done yet… Capped Heron, Least Bittern (amazing views of an obliging individual), Boat-billed Herons coming off roost, and one furiously responsive Tropical Screech Owl later, and we could happily call it quits after a very fine first day. Retreating for cocktails, the list and some incredible food reminded us just how special it is to enjoy creature comforts in such a wild place.

Our second day in the Amazon was geared to seeking out some of the most microhabitat-specific denizens of the entire basin – island specialists. Though there was some rain and wind later in the morning and through most of the day, dawn was beautiful and the first hours of the morning were incredibly productive. After more views of the Sunbittern on its nest as we made our way to the Napo River, we picked a few nice birds including Black-banded Woodcreeper. Once upon the island, it was a bonanza: RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 5

Lesser Hornero and Riverside Tyrant both put on great shows for us, as did a family group of dainty Lesser Wagtail-Tyrants! Castelnau’s Antshrike took some time to get views of, while Spotted Tody- Flycatcher, Black-and-white Antbird, White-bellied Spinetail and Orange-headed Tanager all proved relatively easy. After picking River Tyrannulet and a few others, we were satisfied with a nearly clean sweep! Parker’s Spinetail, oddly enough, was the only hold out (heard only) but we were compensated with a fine, singing Bicolored Conebill male – this rare bird has only been recorded a handful of times in the country previously! After more Blue-and-yellow Macaws floated by in the sun, we decided it was time to move on. Our big plan for the rest of the day was however foiled by a cool, low front, which moved over us with strong winds and drizzle. Luckily though, the ants were swarming on the south bank of the Napo and we had incredible views of White- cheeked (Bicolored) Antbird, Black-spotted Bare-eye, and the incomparable White- plumed Antbird at less than 20 feet distance! One of the highlights of the day was a stop at the San Isla Community for lunch in the community longhouse. A delicious spread of fresh fish maito (fish wrapped in special leaves that can be placed directly in the fire to steam, with salt and aji peppers), roasted white Inca Jay by Steve Zarate cocoa beans, fresh heart of palm, and…drumroll please…roasted chontacudos! Chontacudos are cicada grubs that grow fat eating the sweet meat of the Moriche and Ungurahua palm trunks. A mild mix of coconut and olive flavors, these smoked grubs are a delicacy!

Our last full day at Sani was spent, mostly, on the south side of the Napo. The hilly Terra Firme forest there is home to many special specials not found north of the Napo River in Ecuador. Our first attempt, the day before, left much to be desired given the weather. On our visit today, however, the birds were making up for lost time. The list of nearly 100 species we had this morning is too long to include here, but the clear star of the show was, undoubtedly, Salvin’s Curassow: one solitary individual was practically on the trail in front of us! Instead of running away though, the bird flew up to an eye-level perch, sat for several minutes, then began working higher up into a tall kapok nearby. Incredible views for all! Other fine species included Common Piping Guan, Scarlet-crowned Barbet, the extremely scarce Brown-rumped Foliage-Gleaner (my 2nd ever!), Elegant Woodcreeper, Rusty-belted Tapaculo, White- shouldered, Mouse-colored, Dusky-throated, and Cinereous Antshrikes, Rufous-tailed, Moustached, Rio Suno (!!), Long-winged and Grey Antwrens, Yellow-browed, White-plumed and White-cheeked Antbirds, and what became the #1 Voted Highlight of the entire Pre-Tour by participants – Banded Antbird! This amazing little creature wandered circles around us, in its characteristic wind-up-toy fashion, for more than 10 minutes. At one point, it attempted to fly in and land on our local guide’s boot – we were delighted! In the open areas and on the river itself we picked up Amazonian Umbrellabird, Orange-backed Troupial, Ladder-tailed Nightjar (on day roost), and made a special stop to get views of RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 6 the extremely skulky White-lored . Quite a day already! The afternoon was no less productive: on the main channel we hit a flurry of activity that included Straight-billed, Striped and the mind- boggling Long-billed Woodcreeper, as well as a stunning male Cream-colored Woodpecker that came right on top of us. The tricky endemic Orange-crested Manakin, enigmatic at Sani, sat in the open, foraging right alongside our canoe. It was an unforgettable day in the Amazon, and a fine wrap-up to our pre-tour visit to Sani Lodge.

Sacha Lodge (275m): Our main tour of Northern Ecuador was set up to ensure time in all the habitats of the region. We couldn’t exclude a brief stint in the Amazonian lowlands for those not attending the pre- tour. So, we began our tour at the luxuriously-appointed Sacha Lodge. Our first day there was more of an arrival exercise, than much in the way of birding, though Blue-crowned Trogon, Olive-faced Flatbill, and a few other birds were found en route. We wasted no time, however, once the new arrivals coming in for only the main tour joined us. Our first stop was to the Wooden Canopy Tower via beautiful Orquidea stream. Collared and White-tailed Trogons, Slender-billed and Snail Kites, and monkeys galore (Squirrel and White-fronted Capuchin) kept us entertained on our boat ride up to the tower. And the tower, though slow at first, was great! We had numerous mixed-flock Red Howler Monkey by Steve Zarate species right in the tower with us, ranging from Opal-rumped and Opal-crowned Tanagers, right through to Rufous-bellied and Golden-bellied Euphonias. Citron-bellied Attila and Dugand’s Antwrens were in the treetops adjacent, and the parade of aracaris, oropendolas and caciques continued until dusk.

The one thing that can kill a good morning enjoying the sights and sounds of the parrot licks along the Rio Napo, is rain. For several days before our arrival, the licks had been unproductive. We decided to roll the dice and give both licks a whirl. It was the right call. Along with views of Oriole Blackbird and Solitary , the Psittacids were plentiful at the river sites! Dusky-headed Parakeets, Blue-headed Parrots, Mealy and Yellow-crowned Amazons crowded the exposed muddy cliffs, and we were even able to pick up a pair of Dusky-billed Parrotlets nearby. We continued on to the inner forest/interior clay lick, which attracts, at times, up to 5 species of parrots. Unfortunately, today it was dead. So, after getting amazing looks at another Rusty-belted Tapaculo near the hide, we decided to hike the hill behind the lick for more Terra Firme species. Again, it was the right call – we hit two outstanding mixed flocks! Yellow- throated Woodpecker, Wing-barred Piprites, Screaming Piha, Golden-headed Manakin, Pink-throated , Fulvous Shrike-Tanager, and some 9 Tanager species (Flame-crested, Fulvous-crested, Paradise, Green-and-gold, Yellow-bellied, Bay-headed, Opal-crowned, Opal-rumped, and Yellow-backed) were moving in the flocks together. On the way down the hill, we were then treated to a pair of bright Red RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 7

Howler Monkeys, which had made their way low in the canopy. The stout male, with his massive protruding hyoid, sat still for prolonged views and wonderful photos.

Our last day at Sacha was to focus on canopy species and the swampy igapo forest. Sacha Lodge has had much increase in visitation, and the effects of a heightened guest capacity, combined with more frequent playback, has definitely taken its toll, evident in some species’ behaviour or absence. However, the effect it has had on other species is to make them ever more tolerant of human presence. The canopy walkway at Sacha continues to prove itself the best canopy birding in the whole basin. We had an incredible morning up top, including a major surprise! Though foggy early on, the activity reached fever pitch around 8am. On the walk to the towers, we scrambled for, and achieved, looks at one of two vocalizing Lined Forest Falcons. These tough deep-forest birds are perhaps the hardest group of birds to get bins on; it was a preview of what was to come! The first canopy bird of the morning, once we settled atop the roomy Tower #2, was an obliging Black-capped Becard. It was a while before the aracaris began moving, began to perch up in the open, and flocks started to move. The morning’s haul was well underway (Double-toothed Kite, Crane Hawk, Slate- colored Hawk, King Vulture, Amazonian and White-tailed Trogons, White-necked and Pied Puffbirds, Grey Antbird, , Greyish Mourner, Crowned Slaty, Variegated, and Dusky- chested Flycatchers, Grey- crowned and Zimmer’s Flatbills, White-browed Purpletuft, White-vented, Rufous-bellied, and Wire-tailed Manakin by Steve Zarate Golden-bellied Euphonias, Thrush-like Wren, and tons of tanagers and dacnis) when someone from the adjacent Tower cried out – “Harpy Eagle!” Sure enough, a glorious female Harpy Eagle was perched up, in full view! It stayed where it was for several minutes, giving views of the spectacular double crest and powerful bill, before it then flew off, slowly, into the distance. Completely unexpected, this was only the fourth sighting of the species for Sacha Lodge! Though hard to top, Wire-tailed Manakin and Crested Owl were mighty contenders for bird of the morning. For some, our manakin experience beat out the Harpy Eagle, which a few participants had seen in other countries. And seeing such a splendid creature as the Crested Owl at an eye-level day roost not 30 feet from the trail is definitely something special. We ended our time at Sacha with a boat ride through some of the varzea and igapo habitat near the lodge. Cinnamon Attila, White-chinned Jacamar, Striped Woodcreeper, and Dot-backed Antbirds all gave great looks, but the family group of Rufous-tailed Flatbills, and responsive male Chestnut-capped Puffbird (the poster bird of Sacha) stole the show.

WildSumaco (1485m): The word for our stay at WildSumaco, as is so often the case here, was rain. Also true to form, despite the inclement weather, the birding was superb. One need not even leave the confines of the lodge to be utterly impressed by the stunning hummingbirds swarming the feeders and mixed RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 8 flocks passing through the yard! Lucky enough, we did get some dry, partly cloudy, afternoons to get out and enjoy some trail time for some of the harder species. We had two nights at the small, quaint lodgings and effectively two days’ worth of birding before heading up the Andes into true montane forest. The region around Sumaco hosts an incredible array birds, ranging from lower subtropical forest specialists to East Andes foothills specialists, as well as a few Amazonian species at the upper limits of their range. To do this place justice would take more time than the weather would allow, but we did catch several mixed flocks and find many of our most wanted targets.

The birds we encountered right around the lodge grounds included 17 species of hummingbirds, with the likes of Blue-fronted Lancebill, Napo Sabrewing, Ecuadorian Piedtail, Rufous-throated Sapphire, Gorgeted Woodstar, and the bizarre and endearing Wire-crested Thorntail, among others. We had incredible views of both Chestnut-fronted and Military Macaws right from the deck, Sickle-winged Guans, Black-billed Treehunter, Montane Foliage-Gleaner, Dusky Spinetail, Lined Antshrike, Blackish Antbird, and a plethora of flycatchers and tanagers around the camp itself. The Sumaco Road and lower trails were alive with activity between bouts of rain as well. Flocks were host to Rufous-breasted and Lafresnaye’s Piculets, Ash- browed Spinetail, Rufous- rumped, Rufous-tailed (lower), and Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner, Eastern Woodhaunter, Streaked Xenops, Russet Antshrike, Plain and White-streaked (!!) Antvireos, Foothill, Plain-winged, Yellow- breasted and Rufous- Wire-crested Thorntail by Steve Zarate winged Antwrens, White- crowned and Blue-rumped Manakins, and a mountain of showy tanagers, dacnis and euphonias, of which Orange-eared and Golden-eared Tanagers, and Golden-collared Honeycreeper were the standouts. Skulking or scarce species we managed looks at included White-backed Fire-eye, Scale-backed Antbird, Chestnut-crowned Gnateater, Foothill Elaenia, Buff-throated Tody-Tyrant, Spectacled Bristle-Tyrant, Red-billed Tyrannulet and Wing-banded Wren. It was an outstandingly productive visit. Despite losing some time in the field due to weather, we thoroughly enjoyed ourselves!

Cabanas San Isidro (2080m): Nestled in the nearly pristine Valle Las Caucheras, this property has been set aside as a nature and wildlife preserve, and managed as such, for more than 40 years. This was, perhaps, the first birding lodge to be established as such in the whole country. Given the decades of experience, it should be no surprise that this is one of the most comfortable and delicious (in many ways) sites of the whole tour. Groundkeepers train the to feed (we saw White-bellied), driveway lights are left on to attract moths for the morning birding buffet (invertebrates are the menu…not the birds), trails are perfectly well-kept, and the meals are scrumptious, creative and expertly made with locally- grown and organic ingredients. All of this, plus a resident mystery owl (now listed as Black-banded, and seen amazingly well). What’s not to love? RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 9

Birding strategies for this site vary, but I like to allow plenty of time to bird the road up the Valley, as well as get in some trail birding after enjoying all the goodies right around the lodge. Given that the 2 days we had here were also interrupted by rain, we were all surprised to learn that our second-highest- day total of the entire tour was our one full day here! Flocks were steady, and the skulking birds played ball too. Great views of both Crested and Golden-headed Quetzals were a highlight, as was finding a pair of Rufous-banded Owls! The trails around the lodge yielded up Streak-capped Treehunter, Olive-backed and Montane Woodcreepers, Long-tailed Tapaculo, Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher, and a stunning male Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia. On the road we had tons of flocks, amazing looks at Andean Motmot, and teased out both Ash-colored and Blackish Tapaculos, as well as the vibrant Plushcap. Bamboo birds were plentiful around San Isidro, though our biggest score in this regard was on the Guacamayos Ridge, where we pulled out Slate- crowned Antpitta, Rufous- headed Pygmy-Tyrant (adorable!), Flammulated Treehunter, Oleaginous Hemispingus, as well as drumming up an obliging pair of Powerful Woodpeckers. The latter must be unparalleled in the region; big woodpeckers are always a crowd-pleaser, but there’s nothing like spending time in the Masked Trogon by Steve Zarate presence of these immense beauties!

At San Isidro, one doesn’t simply leave the cabin in the morning. There is far too much afoot around the lodge buildings and grounds! The morning show of birds here is rivalled only by that at Bellavista. Both have their merits, neither have an equal elsewhere. Masked Trogon, Inca Jay, Subtropical Cacique, Black-billed Peppershrike, Pearled Treerunner, Barred Becard, Rufous-breasted Flycatcher, 8-9 species of tanagers, and others all come in, extremely close, every morning to feed. It’s a fascinating spectacle!

Guango Lodge (2730m): Guango Lodge is synonymous with the word hummingbird. Now, some other sites in Ecuador definitely have more species of hummingbirds than does Guango Lodge, but no other boasts the Sword-billed Hummingbird. Perhaps one of nature’s most bizarre creations, the Sword-billed Hummingbird’s bill is some 75-80% of the length of the bird’s body. It’s mind-blowing to see this bird hovering, several inches away from the feed, to sip nectar from the hummingbird feeders at Guango. Throw in Tourmaline Sunangel, Glowing Puffleg, Chestnut-breasted Coronet, Long-tailed Sylph, Tyrian Metaltail, Collared Inca, Buff-winged Starfrontlet, Buff-tailed Coronet, White-bellied Woodstar, and the odd appearance of the rare Mountain Avocetbill (which we saw!!!), and it makes for the premier hummingbird show on the East Slope. The lodge itself is lovely, homey, historic and a pleasant place to sip canelazo by the fire during the day’s bird list. With the same cuisine as Cabanas San Isidro on offer, the temperate and cold weather is soon forgot.

RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 10

Guango is a great place to explore higher elevations, and to clean up some great temperate forest specialists as well. Though Torrent Duck eluded us during our visit (and did so the entire tour), White- capped Dipper, Andeand Guan, Grey-breasted Mountain Toucan, Northern Mountain Cacique, Dusky Piha, Barred Fruiteater, Hooded, Buff-breasted, Lacrimose and Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanagers, Red- hooded Tanager (!!), Blue-backed Conebill, Smoky Bush Tyrant, Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant, Streaked Tuftedcheek, and Citrine Warbler all showed well for us right near the lodge grounds and on the trails. Unfortunately, on the other hand, we had to work very, very hard for our birds at the nearby Pass.

Nowhere else in Ecuador has earned the notoriety of being the “nastiest place to bird” in the country. We don’t bird sewage lagoons, dumps, tips, and typically stay as far from civilization as we can. But in a completely different sense, Papallacta Pass is THE nastiest place to bird in Ecuador. While it wasn’t necessarily the worst weather I’ve ever seen up there during our visit, it was bad enough to keep us from spending more than an hour or two at the highest elevations. Sideways drizzle, sleet, howling winds and fog meant that we didn’t get a whole lot of time out of the vehicle. That being said, we did get glimpses of one Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe that was flushed, Tawny Antpittas, Blue-mantled Thornbill, Andean Tit- Spinetail, Many-striped Canastero, Viridian Metaltail, and point blank looks at one of the most spectacular birds on earth – Golden-crowned Tanager! A pair came in and sat for us not 6 meters distant, pausing for photos. All in all, it was a fine visit to the upper reaches of the East Andes, Golden-crowned Tanager by W.O. Crain before dropping into the Interandean Valley for a leisurely mid-tour evening in Quito.

Antisana (3800m): Towering glacier-covered volcanoes, bright wind-swept grassland, and incredible, vast, open expanses are the quintessential mental image of the High Andes. Nowhere in Ecuador characterizes the look and feel of the mountains more than the Antisana Ecological Preserve, just 90 minutes from Quito. Though bird diversity is low at the extreme high elevations of the Andes, this day is often one of the most enjoyable and memorable of any tour to Northern Ecuador. So it proved for us. Our first species of the day was Giant Hummingbird! That’s a mighty fine start to a thrilling day in the field, punctuated by no fewer than 16 Andean Condor sightings!!! Amidst the array of smart alpine birds including Streak-backed Canastero, Ecuador Hillstar, the dapper Andean Lapwing, bizarre Andean (Black-faced) Ibis, and confiding Carunculated Caracaras (you could see the caruncles!), we had incredible views of the iconic Condor near, far, high and low. On a few occasions, they came down below 60 feet overhead to cruise languidly by for stellar views and photos. The high lakes and wetlands produced the expected species of waterfowl, and the plains were home to nesting Andean Gulls, Paramo Ground Tyrant, Stout-billed Cinclodes, and others. Two grazing Paramo (White-tailed) Deer were a treat, RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 11 and simply birding with the glory of the Antisana volcanic massif constantly in view is something very special indeed.

Yanacocha (3500m): This high-elevation preserve lies on the wet West flanks of Pichincha volcano, some 90 minutes’ drive from Quito. It is perfectly situated to those en route down the West Slope of the Andes into the Choco Andean Endemic region of northwest Ecuador. It’s a must-see site, especially if nearing the breeding season of the critically endangered, endemic Black-breasted Puffleg. Our tour timing was squarely on the early side for this seasonal species which, apparently, moves to unknown, lower elevation sites to pass the non-breeding season. Nevertheless, we were rewarding with lengthy, near views of a gorgeous male, hawking low to the ground, trailside. What luck!!! We must have picked up the first of the seasonal arrivals of this enigmatic species. Being a bright and sunny day, my expectations were low. It wasn’t the best season for overall hummer visitation at the feeders either, so I foresaw us only picking up a handful of species. We ended having an incredible morning! We came across a few small mixed flocks hosting White-throated Tyrannulet, Blue-and-black Tanager and others. But it was a family group of Black-chested Mountain Tanagers that came incredibly close which stole the morning spotlight. We had several fine views of this huge, scarce, high- elevation tanager. Two pairs of Crowned Chat- Tyrants obliged us with near, in-the-open looks, as did a pair of White-browed Spinetails. A purring female Rufous Antpitta, complete with brood patch visible on her belly, hopped up off her nest at 4m Ocellated Tapaculo by Steve Zarate distance for us. Great Sapphirewing, Sword-billed Hummingbird, Buff-winged Starfrontlet, and both Sapphire-vented and Golden-breasted Pufflegs came in to the feeders and we enjoyed close views of Purple-backed Thornbill and Andean Guan. All of this, however, paled in comparison to what was voted the #1 Bird of the Tour, Bird Experience of the Tour, and was perhaps the most shockingly unabashed sighting of the species I’ve ever seen – I whistled in an Ocellated Tapaculo! And it didn’t just come in; it came to within 5m distance, climbed up some vines, and sat on an eye-level branch, in the open!!! You could even see the amazing hindclaw it uses to forage. Ever little speck, spot and feather of this stunning, impressive, fiendishly difficult bird was visible for the entire group to soak up. I’ve seen dozens; this was the sighting of a lifetime!

Bellavista (2500m): From Yanacocha, which was fabulous, we birded our way through the Tandayapa Valley, and spent the following night at Bellavista Lodge, leaving plenty of time for us to bird Tandayap more thoroughly the following day. This famous valley has become quite the attraction for visiting birders and eco-enthusiasts alike, and it is populated with several lodging options, trails at various elevations, and many incredible hummingbird stations. The most impressive of the various lodgings is RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 12 undoubtedly Bellavista, and the best hummingbird viewing is at the Nunnery’s residence and Alambi. We took time to see the best of the best of the valley.

Our first treat of the Tandayapa Valley was seeing several stunning male Cock-of-the-rock behaving bizarrely, lekking midday near the road! Mixed flocks were plentiful throughout our time in the area, though there was a fair bit of rain which hindered our birding efforts somewhat. Nevertheless, we still managed great views of many of the valley specials, including the two crowd-pleasers: Toucan Barbet (eye-level, awesome views) and Plate-billed Mountain Toucan (a family group of 4 roadside). The mixed flocks held many colorful gems like Blue-winged Mountain Tanager, Fawn-breasted, Golden-naped, Metallic-green, Golden, Beryl-spangled and the incomparable Flame-faced Tanager, as well as some of the interesting understory species including Rufous and Azara’s Spinetails, Dusky Bush Tanager, Western Hemispingus, Russet-mantled Warbler and the Brush Finch Trio: Chestnut-capped, White- winged and Choco (Tricolored). Rusty-winged and Spotted Barbtails, Streaked Tuftedcheek, Striped Treehunter, Streaked Xenops and Strong-billed Woodcreeper were among the Furnariid haul in the valley, and we had a delightful experience with one Spillman’s Tapaculo running around right at our feet, behaving truly mouse-like! Both Sickle-winged Guan and White-throated Quail-Dove were in attendance at the compost heap at Bellavista, though the latter didn’t behave well enough for Olinguito by Steve Zarate everyone to see. Despite all of this action, the hummingbird feeders provided the most sustained entertainment. The perpetual parade of color and riot of activity at Bellavista, the Nunnery’s and Alambi was simply staggering. It demanded attention, and we were happy to sit and enjoy! All of the hoped-for species were in good number: Gorgeted Sunangel, Brown Inca, Violet-tailed Sylph, Booted Racket-Tail, White-tailed Hillstar, Purple- bibbed Whitetip, Empress Brilliant, Wedge-billed Hummingbird, Purple-throated Woodstar, Western Emerald and Tawny-bellied Hermit; we had nearly 30 species of hummingbirds between these 3 sites! The mammal highlight of the tour was undoubtedly the privilege of seeing the newly-described (2013) Olinguito come down to fruit at the Bellavista Lodge feeders! This species, closely related to (but arguably cuter than) the Kinkajou, has been regularly coming to bananas at Bellavista at night. We were most honored to get views and photos of this rare cloud forest denizen, known only from a very few sites in Colombia and Ecuador.

Refugio Paz de las Aves (1850m): Based out of the swanky, charming and very accommodating Septimo Paraiso, we took the final two days of the tour to sample the various microhabitats of the Choco subtropics. Angel Paz is…there is no other word to accurately portray it…famous. He is famous. He was the first person to train antpittas, antthrushes, and wood quail to come to worms. He was the first person RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 13 to even have the idea! What has taken place on his property, Refugio Paz de las Aves, completely changed the world view on these skulking deep forest denizens, taking them from among the mythical, to real and achievable. Combine an enchanting morning viewing these difficult little birds, Andean Cock-of-the- rock on lek, and a delicious traditional costeno breakfast, and it makes for an outstanding morning in the Choco cloud forest.

Our visit began with many incredible views of Andean Cock-of-the-rock in full display, and ended with walk away views and photos of Toucan Barbet, Crimson-rumped Toucanet, Golden-naped and Flame- faced Tanagers, and Velvet-purple Coronet. Much happened in between! The first antpitta to show was “Esmeralda”, the lovely Yellow-breasted Antpitta that Angel and his brother, Rodrigo, have trained to come to the side of a nearby stream. Also near the stream, a roosting fully- plumed male Lyre-tailed Nightjar. Awesomeness!!! A short hike up a steep forest trail, and two Giant Antpittas were in our midst, packing in the worms, puffin-style, to take to young – stunning! Round another bend and we had a Narino Tapaculo at our feet. Cloud Forest Pygmy Owl? Yeah, we also called one of those in for scope- filling views. He stayed put, calling from the same perch, the remainder of our Crimson-rumped Toucanet by Steve Zarate stay. An incredibly scarce bird for the tally! Rufous-breasted Antthrush gave glimpses only, but Olivaceous Piha, Flavescent Flycatcher, and Ochre-breasted Antpitta (seen well at WildSumaco) all turned up. Chestnut-crowned Antpitta, only recently trained, popped right up too, and proved itself to be, perhaps, the most gaudy of all the antpittas. An amazing morning, topped off with hot coffee, fresh fried bolones de verde (plaintain, egg, and cheese ball filled with delicious veg and chicken mix), and homemade cheese empanadas. A tasty place to visit, all around.

Mashpi Road (1450m): True Choco mossy forest is hard to come by outside of Colombia. There are only a few accessible areas for this habitat, and the most convenient is certainly above La Delicia, near to the luxurious (and impossible to gain entry to) Mashpi Lodge. The particularities of the microhabitat that the Mashpi ecological corridor protects include the fact that, for probably 85% of the time, it is shrouded in thick cloud, drizzle, and more than its fair dose of rain. We had a bit of time in this habitat, but only the better part of a short afternoon, before rain set in and we were washed out. It was plenty of time, nonetheless, to get most of our targets! Orange-breasted Fruiteaters were numerous, as was the incomparable Glistening-green Tanager, Black-chinned Mountain Tanager, and other widespread flock participants. Indigo , Uniform Treehunter, Lineated Foliage-Gleaner, Uniform Treehunter, and Choco Warblers all showed up in ones and twos, as did the incredibly range-restricted Moss-backed Tanager, which is practically endemic to Ecuador. We had great views of Pacific Tuftedcheek, the most sought-after Furnariid typically seen here, as well as our only good views of Andean Solitaire. In less RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 14 than two hours’ birding, we managed some very special birds and, as always, the visit was well worth the drive. One singing Choco Vireo sealed the deal. This species is very little-known in Ecuador, and only slightly more understood in terms of range and distribution in Colombia. Though not as flashy as a tanager or fruiteater, this was, probably, the “best” bird of the day!

Milpe (1100m): Milpe is a foothill preserve protected by the Mindo Cloud Forest Foundation, which owns and manages 4 properties in the Northwest Andes. It was the first of two MCF Preserves we visited on the final full day of the tour, and was our only real taste of West Andean Foothill birding. It was drizzling, on and off, during our entire visit this morning and, unfortunately, the Club-winged Manakins for which this preserve originally gained notoriety were nowhere to be found. However, the flocks were moving unceasingly, and our other sought-after targets were all responsive! We ended up with nearly 100 species before we left this site and the adjacent Milpe Gardens. Highlights Long-tailed Sylph by Steve Zarate from the morning we spent at these preserves included Olive Finch, Esmeraldas Antbird (gawking views of a male sat up in full view, singing!), Slaty and Rufous-rumped Antwrens, Rufous and Broad-billed Motmots, Choco Trogon, Choco Toucan, Golden-headed Quetzal, Western Woodhaunter, Scaly-throated and Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaners, Spotted Nightingale-Thrush, Yellow-tufted Dacnis, Grey-and-gold Tanager, and a few new species of hummer including the gorgeous Purple-crowned Fairy and Green Thorntail.

Silanche (350m): The preserve at Rio Silanche deserves a full day. In fact, this kind of habitat deserves a full tour! However, one can only do so much to ensure a fair sampling of all the wonderful habitats in North Ecuador, so we could just squeeze in a half day. The cool temperatures, and general overcast had the desired effect of drawing out bird activity well into the afternoon. Though the short (35m) canopy tower here can be extremely productive, we found most of the action to be down lower, near a pair of fruiting trees by the parking lot. We stayed on the ground and hiked the short loop trail to optimize our limited time here. We were rewarded handsomely with an array of lowland species, some of which occur at similar lowland tropical rainforest habitats in the Amazon, but the area shares more of its avifauna with Tropical Central America. This explains how, on the final day of a 19-day tour, we managed to ADD an astonishing 67 species to trip total! The first birds out of the vehicle were Blue-chested and Purple-chested Hummingbirds, followed shortly by Plain Xenops, Olivaceous Piculet, and Streak-headed Woodcreeper. The fruiting trees attracted everything from Yellow-margined Flatbill and Grey Elaenia through Tawny-crested and Emerald Tanagers. One-colored Becard, Guira Tanager, even and Spotted Woodcreeper were seen all in the same tree. Deeper in the forest we came across White-whiskered Puffbird, the recently-split endemic Pale-mandibled Aracari, Black-mandibled Toucan, White-tailed Trogon, and a whole bevy of Purple-throated Fruitcrows! We finally came across a nice RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 15 understory flock, all the members of which were new for our tour. Stripe-throated Wren only showed for a few folks, as did the Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher that was loosely associated with the assembly, but White-flanked, Checker-throated and Dot-winged Antwrens all put on a nice show, with the latter being especially delightful given their tail-whipping behaviour and female’s smart coloration. These proved to be the final birds of the property, proper, save for a pair of Chestnut-backed Antbirds scooting about the understory on our walk out. It was an incredible end to an outstanding tour that exceeded all expectation… But before we could call it over, we came across a bare tree, right on the road, covered in some 16 species of birds. Given that it was in the middle of an oil palm plantation, I was stumped, until it occurred to me that there might be a Pygmy Owl in the tree! Sure enough, there was a Pygmy…wait…no…NOT a Pygmy Owl in the tree. It was a poor Barred Puffbird that, due to mistaken identity, was being relentlessly scolded and scorned by every bird Rufous Motmot by Steve Zarate around!!! Needless to say, fantastic views of this ornate, little Puffbird were had, as well as stellar views of Golden-hooded Tanager, Southern Beardless Tyrannulet (with crest fully up), Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher, and others. A fitting end to a tour full of surprises!

Special thanks to the wonderful participants. I keep waiting for a tour with difficult folks…and I just have to keep waiting. You were all wonderfully enthusiastic, cooperative, and as helpful with one another as you were pleasant. I hope to see you on another tour soon!

(Special thanks to W.O. Crain and Stephen Zarate for allowing us to use their superb images from the tour in the trip report – much appreciated!)

Annotated List of Bird and Mammal species recorded

Nomenclature and follows the IOC World Bird List v4.1by Gill, F. and M. Wright, 2014.

BIRDS Total species recorded: 772 (including 52 heard (*) only); species recorded just on the Sani pre- tour are marked with (S)

RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 16

TINAMOUS Tinamidae Great Tinamou* Tinamus major* Tawny-breasted Tinamou* Nothocercus Julius* Little Tinamou* Crypturellus soui* Undulated Tinamou* Crypturellus undulatus* Cinereous Tinamou* Crypturellus cinereus*

DUCKS, GEESE & SWANS Anatidae Andean Teal Anas andium Yellow-billed Pintail Anas georgica Andean Ruddy Duck Oxyurus ferruginea

CURASSOWS, GUANS & CHACHALACAS Cracidae Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata Andean Guan Penelope montagnii Spix’s Guan (S) Penelope jacquacu Blue-throated Piping-Guan (S) Pipile cumanensis Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii Wattled Guan Aburri aburri Salvin’s Curassow (S) Mitu Salvini

NEW WORLD QUAILS Odontophoridae Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail* Odontophorus speciosus* Dark-backed Wood Quail* Odontophorus melanotus*

GREBES Podiceipidae Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis

IBIS & SPOONBILLS Threskiornithidae Andean [Black-faced] Ibis Theristicus branickii Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis

HERONS, BITTERNS & EGRETS Ardeidae Rufescent Tiger Heron (S) Tigrisoma lineatum Boat-billed Heron (S) Cochlearius cochlearius Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Least Bittern (S) Ixobrychus exilis Striated Heron Butorides striatus Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Western Great Egret Ardea alba Capped Heron (S) Pilherodius pileatus Snowy Egret Egretta thula Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor

CORMORANTS Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasiliensis

RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 17

ANHINGAS Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga

NEW WORLD VULTURES Cathartidae Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Andean Condor Vultur gryphus

OSPREYS Pandionidae Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus

KITES, EAGLES, HAWKS Accipitridae Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayannensis Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Harpy Eagle Harpyja harpyja Black-and-white Hawk Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis Slender-billed Kite Rostrhamus hamatus Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens Slate-colored Hawk Leucopternis schistacea Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris White-rumped Hawk Parabuteo leucorrhous Variable Hawk Geranoaetus polyosoma Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus

SUNBITTERN Eurypygidae Sunbittern (S) Eurypgya helius

RAILS, GALLINULES & COOTS Rallidae Chestnut-headed Crake* Anurolimnas castaneiceps* Gray-breasted Crake* Laterallus exilis* Azure Gallinule (S) Porphyrio flavirostris Andean [Slate-colored] Coot Fulica ardesiaca

LIMPKIN Aramidae Limpkin (S) Aramus guarana

PLOVERS & LAPWINGS Charadriidae Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Andean Lapwing Vanellus resplendens RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 18

SEEDSNIPE Thinocoridae Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe Atticus gayi

SANDPIPERS & PHALAROPES Scolopacidae Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii

GULLS, TERNS & SKIMMERS Laridae Andean Gull Larus serranus Yellow-billed Tern Sterna superciliaris

PIGEONS & DOVES Columbidae Rock Dove Columba livia Scaled Pigeon Patagoiensis speciosa Band-tailed Pigeon Patagoiensis fasciata Pale-vented Pigeon Patagoiensis cayennensis Ruddy Pigeon Patagoiensis subvinacea Plumbeous Pigeon Patagoiensis plumbea Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Black-winged Ground-Dove Metriopelia melnoptera White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Gray-fronted Dove (S) Leptotila ochraceiventris White-throated Quail-Dove Geotrygon frenata Ruddy Quail-Dove* Geotrygon montana*

HOATZIN Opisthocomidae Hoatzin Opisthocomus hoazin

CUCKOOS & ANIS Cuculidae Greater Ani Crotophaga major Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris Little Cuckoo* Piaya minuta* Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya piaya

OWLS Strigidae Tropical Screech Owl (S) Megascops choliba Rufous-banded Owl Strix albitarsus Black-banded Owl Strix huhula Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata Band-bellied Owl* Pulsatrix melanota* Andean Pygmy Owl* Glaucidium jardinii* Ferruginous Pygmy Owl* Glaucidium brasilianum* Cloud Forest Pygmy Owl Glaucidium peruanum

POTOOS Nyctibiidae Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 19

Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus

NIGHTJARS Caprimulgidae Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Lyre-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis lyra Ladder-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis climacocerca

SWIFTS Apodidae Spot-fronted Swift Cypseloides cherrei Chestnut-collared Swift Cypseloides rutila White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus Pale-rumped Swift Chaetura egregia Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Neotropical Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata

HUMMINGBIRDS Trochilidae Rufous-breasted Hermit (S) Glaucis hirsutus Pale-tailed Barbthroat (S) Threnetes leucurus White-whiskered Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui Green Hermit Phaethornis guy White-bearded Hermit* Phaethornis hispidus Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris Tawny-bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus Straight-billed Hermit Phaethornis bourcieri Grey-chinned Hermit Phaethornis griseogularis Blue-fronted Lancebill Doryfera johannae Grey-breasted Sabrewing (S) Campyloptera longipennis Napo Sabrewing Campylopterus napensis Near Endemic White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae Green Violetear Colibri thalassinus Sparkling Violetear Colibri coruscans Violet-headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti Wire-crested Thorntail Discosura popelairii Green Thorntail Discosura conversii Blue-tailed Emerald (S) Chlorostilbon mellisugus Western Emerald Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombarica hypochlora Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina Golden-tailed Sapphire Chrysuronia oenone Olive-spotted Hummingbird (S) Leucippus chlorocercus Many-spotted Hummingbird Taphrospilus hypostictus Glittering-throated Emerald Amazilia fimbriata Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl Andean Emerald Amazilia franciae RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 20

Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis Purple-chested Hummingbird Amazilia rosenbergi Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys Ecuadorian Piedtail Phlogophilus hemileucurus Near Endemic Black-throated Brilliant Heliodoxa schreibergii Gould’s Jewelfront Heliodoxa aurescens Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides Violet-fronted Brilliant Heliodoxa leadbeateri Empress Brilliant Heliodoxa imperatrix Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula White-tailed Hillstar Urochroa bougueri Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens Chestnut-breasted Coronet Boissonneaua matthewsii Velvet-purple Coronet Boissonneaua jardini Shining Sunbeam Agleactis cuprepennis Ecuadorian Hillstar Oreotrochilus chimborazo Near Endemic Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi Bronzy Inca Coeligena coeligena Brown Inca Coeligena wilsoni Collared Inca Coeligena torquata Buff-winged Starfrontlet Coeligena lutetiae Sword-billed Hummingbird Ensifera ensifera Great Sapphirewing Pterophanes cyanopterus Giant Hummingbird Patagonia gigas Gorgeted Sunangel Heliangelus strophianus Near Endemic Tourmaline Sunangel Heliangelus exortis Black-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis nigrivestis Endemic Glowing Puffleg Eriocnemis vestidis Sapphire-vented Puffleg Eriocnemis luciani Golden-breasted Puffleg Eriocnemis mosquera Purple-bibbed Whitetip Urosticte benjamini Rufous-vented Whitetip Urosticte ruficrissa Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii Black-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia lesbia Green-tailed Trainbearer Lesbia nuna Purple-backed Thornbill Ramphomicron microrhynchum Viridian Metaltail Metallura williami Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani Blue-mantled Thornbill Chalcostigma stanleyi Mountain Avocetbill Opisthopora euryptera Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingi Violet-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus coelestis Wedge-billed Hummingbird Augastes geoffreyi Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris Purple-throated Woodstar Calliphlox mitchelli White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant Gorgeted Woodstar Chaetocercus heliodor RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 21

TROGONS & QUETZALS Trogonidae Crested Quetzal Pharomachrus antisianus Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps Choco Trogon Trogon comptus Near Endemic Black-tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus White-tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis Amazonian Trogon Trogon ramonianus Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Collared Trogon Trogon colaris Masked Trogon Trogon personatus

KINGFISHERS Alcedinidae Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquata Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Green-and-Rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea

MOTMOTS Momotidae Amazonian Motmot Momotus momota Andean Motmot Momotus aequatorialis Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii

JACAMARS Galbulidae White-eared Jacamar Galbacyrhynchus leucotis Brown Jacamar* Brachygalba lugubris* White-chinned Jacamar Galbula tombacea Coppery-chested Jacamar Galbula pastazae Purplish Jacamar Galbula chalcothorax Great Jacamar* Jacamerops aureus*

PUFFBIRDS Bucconidae White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchus Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus Chestnut-capped Puffbird Bucco macrodactylus Collared Puffbird* Bucco capensis Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis Brown Nunlet Nonnula brunnea White-fronted Nunbird* Monasa morphoeus* Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons Yellow-biled Nunbird Monasa flavirostris Swallow-wing Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa

NEW WORLD BARBETS Capitonidae Scarlet-crowned Barbet Capito aurovirens Orange-fronted Barbet* Capito squamatus* Near Endemic RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 22

Gilded Barbet Capito auratus Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii

ATYPICAL BARBETS Semnornithidae Toucan Barbet ramphastinus

TOUCANS Ramphastidae White-throated [Emerald] Toucanet Aulacorhynchus albivitta Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis Many-banded Aracari Pteroglossus pluricinctus Pale-mandibled [Collared] Aracari Pteroglossus erythropygius Endemic Golden-collared Toucanet* Selenidera reinwardtii* Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan Andigena hypoglauca Plate-billed Mountain-Toucan Andigena laminirostris Near Endemic Channel-billed Toucan vitellina Choco Toucan Ramphastos brevis Near Endemic White-throated Toucan Ramphastos ambiguus Black-mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii

WOODPECKERS & PICULETS Picidae Rufous-breasted Piculet Picumnus rufiventris Lafresnaye’s Piculet Picumnus lafresnayei Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani Smoky-brown Woodpecker Picoides fumigatus Scarlet-backed Woodpecker* Veniliornis callonotus* Tumbes Endemic Bar-bellied Woodpecker* Veniliornis nigriceps* Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii Chestnut Woodpecker (S) Celeus elegans Cream-colored Woodpecker (S) Celeus flavus Ringed Woodpecker* (S) Celeus torquatus* Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Powerful Woodpecker Campephilus pollens Crimson-bellied Woodpecker* Campephilus haematogaster* Guayaquil Woodpecker Campephilus guayaquilensis Near-Endemic Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos

FALCONS & CARACARAS Falconidae Black Caracara Daptrius ater Carunculated Caracara Phalcoboenus carunculatus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Lined Forest Falcon Micrastur gilvicollis RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 23

American Kestrel Falco sparverius Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

PARROTS Psittacidae Blue-and-Yellow Macaw (S) Ara ararauna Military Macaw Ara militaris Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severa Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Dusky-headed Parakeet Aratinga weddelli White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Maroon-tailed Parakeet Pyrrhura melanura Barred Parakeet* Bolborhyncus lineloa Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus modestus Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera Black-headed Parrot Pionites melanocephalus Rose-faced Parrot* Pyrilia pulchra* Near Endemic Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Red-billed Parrot Pionus sordidus White-capped Parrot Pionus seniloides Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus Yellow-crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica Mealy Amazon Amazona farinosa

OVENBIRDS Furnariidae Chestnut-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes albidiventris Stout-billed Cinclodes Cinclodes excelsior Lesser Hornero (S) Furnarius minor Pacific [Pale-legged] Hornero Furnarius cinnamomeus Andean Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola White-chinned Thistletail Asthenes fuliginosa Streak-backed Canastero Asthenes wyatti Many-striped Canastero Asthenes flammulata Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa Azara’s Spinetail Synallaxis azarae Dark-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albigularis Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura White-bellied Spinetail (S) Synallaxis propinqua Dusky Spinetail Synallaxis moesta White-browed Spinetail Hellmayrea gularis Parker’s Spinetail (S) Cranioleuca vulpecula Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops Ash-browed Spinetail Cranioleuca curtata Double-banded Graytail* Xenerpestes minlosi* Rusty-winged Barbtail Premnornis guttuligera Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger Pacific [Buffy] Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes johnsoni RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 24

Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii Scaly-throated Foliage-Gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps Montane Foliage-Gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis Lineated Foliage-Gleaner Syndactyla subalaris Eastern [Striped] Woodhaunter Hyloctistes subulatus Western [Striped] Woodhaunter Hyloctistes virgatus Rufous-tailed Foliage-Gleaner Philydor ruficaudatum Rufous-rumped Foliage-Gleaner Philydor erythrocercus Buff-fronted Foliage-Gleaner Philydor rufus Uniform Treehunter* Thripadectes ignobilis* Black-billed Treehunter Thripadectes melanorhynchus Streak-capped Treehunter Thripadectes virgaticeps Flammulated Treehunter Thripadectes flammulatus Buff-throated Foliage-Gleaner (S) Automolus melanopezus Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Tyrannine Woodcreeper* Dencrocincla tyrannina* Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseocapilla Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Long-billed Woodcreeper (S) Nasica longirostris Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper* Dendrexetastes rufigula* Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus neblinae Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes certhia Black-banded Woodcreeper (S) Dendrocolaptes picumnus Straight-billed Woodcreeper (S) Dendroplex picus Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Elegant Woodcreeper (S) Xiphorhynchus elegans Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger

ANTBIRDS Thamnophilidae Lined Antshrike tenuelineatus Cocha Antshrike (S) Thamnophilus praecox Endemic Castelnau’s Antshrike (S) Thamnophilus cryptoleucus White-shouldered Antshrike Thamnophilus aethiops Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus Mouse-colored Antshrike Thamnophilus murinus Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis White-streaked Antvireo Dysithmanus leucostictus Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnomanes ardesiacus Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Spot-winged Antshrike* Pygptila stellaris* Checker-throated Antwren Epinecrophylla fulviventris Foothill Antwren Epinecrophylla spodionota Near Endemic RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 25

Ornate Antwren* (S) Epinecrophylla ornate* Rufous-tailed Antwren (S) Epinecrophylla eryhtrura Plain-throated Antwren hauxwellii Pygmy Antwren brachyura (S) Myrmotherula ignota Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Myrmotherula schisticolor (S) Myrmotherula sunensis Near Endemic Long-winged Antwren (S) Myrmotherula longipennis (S) Myrmotherula menetriesii Banded Antbird (S) Dichrozona cincta Dugand’s Antwren Herpsilochmus dugandi Near Endemic Yellow-breasted Antwren Herpsilochmus axillaris Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis Rufous-rumped Antwren callinota Gray Antbird* Cercomacra cinerascens* Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Peruvian Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis peruviana Yellow-browed Antbird (S) Hypocnemis hypoxantha Black-and-White Antbird (S) Myrmochanes leuconota Silvered Antbird (S) Sclateria naevia Spot-winged Antbird* Schistocicla leucostigma* Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul Esmeraldas Antbird Myrmeciza nigricauda Near Endemic Plumbeous Antbird Myrmeciza hyperythra White-shouldered Antbird Myrmeciza melanoceps Sooty Antbird (S) Myrmeciza fortis Zeledon’s Antbird* Myrmeciza zeledoni* White-plumed Antbird (S) Pithys albifrons White-cheeked Antbird (S) Gymnopithys leucaspis castaneus Spot-backed Antbird* Hylophylax naevius* Dot-backed Antbird Hylophylax punctulata Common Scale-backed Antbird Willisornis poecilinota Black-spotted Bare-eye (S) Phlegopsis nigromaculata

ANTTRUSHES Formicariidae Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus Short-tailed Antthrush* Chamaeza campanisoma*

ANTPITTAS Grallariidae Giant Antpitta Grallaria gigantea Plain-backed Antpitta* Grallaria haplonota* Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla Yellow-breasted Antpitta Grallaria flavotincta White-bellied Antpitta Grallaria hypoleuca RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 26

Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula Tawny Antpitta Grallaria quitensis White-lored Antpitta (S) Hylopezus fulviventris Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula flavirostris Slate-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana

GNATEATERS Conopophagidae Chestnut-crowned Gnateater Conopophaga castaneiceps

TAPACULOS Rhinocryptidae Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus Ocellated Tapaculo Acropternis orthonyx Ash-colored Tapaculo Myornis senilis Northern White-crowned Tapaculo* Scytalopus atratus* Long-tailed Tapaculo Scytalopus micropterus Narino Tapaculo Scytalopus vicinior Spillman’s Tapaculo Scytalopus spillmanni Paramo Tapaculo* Scytalopus canus* Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Tyrannidae Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris Sooty-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias griseiceps Black-capped Tyrannulet Phyllomyias nigrocapillus Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps Foothill Elaenia Myiopagis ollalai Near Endemic Yellow-crowned Elaenia (S) Myiopagis flavivertex Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps Sierran Elaenia Elaenia pallatangae Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillus White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys White-banded Tyrannulet Mecocerculus stictopterus Sulphur-bellied Tyrannulet Mecocerculus minor White-tailed Tyrannulet Mecocerculus poecilocercus Tufted Tit-Tyrant Anarietes parulus River Tyrannulet (S) Serpophaga hypoleuca Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea Yellow Tyrannulet Campsiempis flaveola Bronze-olive Pygmy-Tyrant Pseudotriccus pelzelni Rufous-headed Pygmy-Tyrant Pseudotriccus ruficeps Lesser Wagtail-Tyrant (S) Stigmatura napensis napensis Red-billed Tyrannulet Zimmerius cinereicapilla Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes Golden-faced Tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops Choco Tyrannulet Zimmerius albigularis Near Endemic RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 27

Variegated Bristle-Tyrant Pogonotriccus variegatus Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus opthalmicus Spectacled Bristle-Tyrant Pogonotriccus orbitalis Ecuadorian Tyrannulet Phylloscartes gualaquizae Near Endemic Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris Sepia-capped Flycatcher* Leptopogon amaurocephalus Rufous-breasted Flycatcher Leptopogon rufipectus Orange-crested Flycatcher Myiophobus phoenicomitra Flavescent Flycatcher Myiophobus flavicans Olive-chested Flycatcher Myiophobus cryptoxanthus Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus Handsome Flycatcher Nephelomyias pulcher Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus Buff-throated Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus rufigularis Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant* Myornis ecaudatus* Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus Double-banded Pygmy-Tyrant* Lophotriccus vitiosus* Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus ruficapilla Spotted Tody-Flycatcher (S) Todirostrum maculatum Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher (S) Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps Fulvous-breasted Flatbill* Rhyncocyclus fulvipectus* Yellow-margined Flatbill Tolmomyias flavotectus Zimmer’s Flatbill Tolmomyias assimilis Orange-eyed Flatbill (S) Tolmomyias traylori Gray-crowned Flatbill Tolmomyias poliocephalus Olive-faced Flatbill Tolmomyias viridiceps Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Fuscous Flycatcher (S) Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatior Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus Eastern Wood Pewee (S) Contopus virens Western Wood Pewee Contopus sordidulus Willow Flycatcher Empidonax trailli Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus Riverside Tyrant (S) Knipolegus orenocensis Drab Water Tyrant Octhornis litteralis Paramo [Plain-capped] Ground-Tyrant Muscisaxicola alpina Smoky Bush Tyrant Myiotheretes fumigatus Masked Water Tyrant Fluvicola nangeta Crowned Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix frontalis Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant* Ochthoeca cinnamoneiventris* RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 28

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca rufipectis Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetes cayanensis Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetes granadensis Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetes luteiventris Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulfuratus Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor Streaked Flycatcher (S) Myiodynastes maculatus Golden-crowned Flycatcher Myiodynastes chrysocephalus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatricristatus Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savanna Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda Cinnamon Attila Attila cinnamomeus Citron-bellied Attila Attila citriniventris Bright-rumped Attila* Attila spadiceus*

COTINGAS Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion rubrocristata Barred Fruiteater Pipreola arcuata Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola riefferii Orange-breasted Fruiteater Pipreola jucunda Andean Cock-of-the-Rock Rupicola peruviana Plum-throated Cotinga (S) Cotinga maynana Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana Dusky Piha Lipaugus fuscocinereus Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Olivaceous Piha Snownornis cryptolophus Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpureata Amazonian Umbrellabird (S) Cephalopterus ornatus

MANAKINS Pipridae Dwarf Tyrant Manakin (S) Tyranneutes stoltzmanni Golden-winged Manakin Masius chrysoptera Western Striped Manakin* Machraopterus regulus* Blue-crowned Manakin (S) Lepidothrix coronata Blue-rumped Manakin Lepidothrix isidorei White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 29

Green Manakin Xenopipo holochlora Orange-crested [crowned] Manakin (S) Heterocercus aurantiivertex Endemic Wire-tailed Manakin Pipra filicauda White-crowned Manakin Dixiphia pipra Golden-headed Manakin Dixiphia erythrocephala

TITYRAS, Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphurepygius Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Black-and-white Becard Pachyramphus albogriseus One-colored Becard Pachyramphus homochrous Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor

VIREOS & GREENLETS Vireonidae Black-billed Peppershrike Cyclarhis nigrirostris Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis Choco Vireo Vireo masteri Near Endemic Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis Dusky-capped Greenlet* Hylophilus hypoxanthus* Olivaceous Greenlet Hylophilus olivaceus Tawny-crowned Greenlet (S) Hylophilus ochraceiceps Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus

CROWS, JAYS & MAGPIES Corvidae Turquoise Jay Cyanolyca turcosa Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus Inca Jay Cyanocorax inca

SWALLOWS & MARTINS Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca White-banded Swallow Atticora Fasciata White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Sand Martin [Bank Swallow] Riparia Riparia Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

DONACOBIUS Donacobiidae RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 30

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla

WRENS Troglodytidae Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Rufous Wren Cynncerthia unirufa Sepia-brown [Sharpe’s] Wren Cynncerthia olivascens Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis aequatorialis Plain-tailed Wren Pheugopedius euophrys Whiskered Wren* Pheugopedius mystacalis* Coraya Wren Pheugopedius coraya Buff-breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotus Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus Stripe-throated Wren Cantorchilus leucogaster House Wren Troglodytes aedon Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis Grey-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucophrys White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta Wing-banded Wren* Microcerculus bambla*

GNATCATCHERS Polioptilidae Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus

THRUSHES Turdidae Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides Spotted Nightingale-Thrush Catharus dryas Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus Pale-eyed Thrush Turdus leucops Great Thrush Turdus fuscater Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus Hauxwell’s Thrush Turdus hauxwelli Ecuadorian Thrush Turdus maculirostris Near Endemic White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis

DIPPERS Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Cinclus leucocephalus

FINCHES Fringillidae Hooded Siskin Spinus magellanica Yellow-bellied Siskin Spinus xanthogastra Olivaceous Siskin Spinus olivacea Orange-crowned Euphonia Euphonia saturata Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopata White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris Blue-naped Chlorophonia* Chlorophonia cyanea* RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 31

Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys

NEW WORLD WARBLERS Parulidae American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca Blackpoll Warbler (S) Setophaga striata Citrine Warbler Myiothlypis luteoviridis Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristatus Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda Choco [Golden-bellied] Warbler Myiothlypis chlorophrys Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronatus Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus Spectacled Whitestart Myioborus melanocephalus

ORPENDOLAS, ORIOLES & BLACKBIRDS Icteridae Casqued Oropendola Psarocolius oseryi Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Olive Oropendola Psarocolius oliva Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Subtropical Cacique Cacicus uropygialis Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus microrhynchus Northern Mountain Cacique Cacicus leucoramphus Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconatus Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayannensis Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Scrub Blackbird Dives warszewiczi Oriole Blackbird Gymnomystax mexicanus

BANANAQUIT Coerebidae Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

NEW WORLD SPARROWS & ALLIES Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Yellow-browed Sparrow Ammodramus aurifrons Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantirostris Olive Finch Arremon castaneiceps Pale-naped Brush Finch Atlapetes pallidinucha Choco [Tricolored] Brush Finch Atlapetes crassus Rufous-naped Brush Finch Atlapetes latinucha Slaty Brush Finch Atlapetes schistaceus White-winged Brush Finch Atlapetes leucopterus Common Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavopectus Yellow-whiskered [Short-billed] Bush Tanager Chlorospingus parvirostris RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 32

Dusky Bush Tanager Chlorospingus semifuscus Yellow-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavigularis Ash-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus canigularis

TANAGERS & ALLIES Thraupidae Red-capped Cardinal Paroaria gularis Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus Oleaginous Hemispingus Hemispingus oleagineus Black-eared Hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis Western Hemispingus Hemispingus ochraceus Black-headed Hemispingus* Hemispingus verticalis* Grey-hooded Bush-Tanager Cnemoscopus rubrirostris Orange-headed Tanager (S) Thlypopsis sordida Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristata Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Fulvous Shrike-Tanager Lanio fulvus Masked Crimson Tanager Ramphocelus nigrogularis Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Lemon-rumped [Flame-rumped] Tanager Ramphocelus icteronotus Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala Moss-backed Tanager Bangsia edwardsi Near Endemic Hooded Mountain Tanager Buthraupis montana Black-chested Mountain Tanager Buthraupis eximia Lacrimose Mountain Tanager Anisognathus lachrymosa Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager Anisognathus igniventris Blue-winged Mountain Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus Black-chinned Mountain Tanager Anisognathus notabilis Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager Dubusia taeniatus Golden-crowned Tanager Iridosornis rufivertex Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Glistening-green Tanager Chlorochrysa phoenicotis Orange-eared Tanager Chlorochrysa calliparea Gray-and-Gold Tanager Tangara palmeri Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicanus Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Green-and-Gold Tanager Tangara schrankii Emerald Tanager Tangara florida Golden Tanager Tangara arthus Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala Golden-eared Tanager Tangara chrysotis Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii Yellow-bellied Tanager Tangara xanthogastra Spotted Tanager Tangara punctate RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 33

Rufous-throated Tanager Tangara rufigula Bay-headed Tanager Tangara xanthogastra Golden-naped Tanager Tangara ruficervix Metallic-green Tanager Tangara labradorides Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata Masked Tanager Tangara nigrocincta Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis Blue-and-Black Tanager Tangara vassorii Black-capped Tanager Tangara heinei Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia Opal-crowned Tanager Tangara callophrys Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata Yellow-tufted [Black-faced] Dacnis Dacnis egregia Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Golden-collared Honeycreeper Iridophanes pulcherrimus Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis Bicolored Conebill (S) Conirostrum bicolor Cinereous Conebill Conirostrum cinereum Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor Capped Conebill Conirostrum albifrons Glossy Flowerpiercer Diglossa lafresnayii Black Flowerpiercer Diglossa humeralis White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera Diglossopis indigotica Deep-blue [Golden-eyed] Flowerpiercer Diglossopis cyanea Diglossopis caerulescens Diglossopis cyanea Tanager Finch* Oreothraupis stoltzmanni* Ash-breasted Sierra Finch Phrygilus plebejus Plumbeous Sierra Finch Phrygilus unicolor Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Variable Seedeater Sporophila murallae Caqueta Seedeater Sporophila murallae Black-and-White Seedeater Sporophila luctuosa Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris Thick-billed Seed Finch Oryzoborus funereus Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch Oryzoborus angolensis Large-billed Seed Finch Oryzoborus crassirostris Plain-colored Seedeater Catamenia inornata Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivacea Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscura Plushcap Catamblyrhynchus diadema

RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 34

SALTATORS, GROSBEAKS & ALLIES Cardinalidae Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Red-hooded Tanager Piranga rubriceps Ochre-breasted Tanager Chlorothraupis stolzmanni Southern Yellow Grosbeak Pheucticus chrysogaster Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Black-winged Saltator Saltator atripennis Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens

MAMMALS Total species recorded: 21

NEW WORLD POSSUMS Didelphidae White-eared Opossum Didelphis albiventris

NEW WORLD MONKEYS Cebidae Venezuelan Red Howler Alouatta seniculus White-fronted Capuchin Cebus albifrons Common Squirrel Monkey Saimiri sciureus Dusky Titi Monkey Callicebus moloch Spix’s Night Monkey Aotus vociferans Napo Tamarin Saguinus napensis Black-mantled Tamarin Saguinus nigricollis

BATS Chiroptera Lesser Long-nosed Bat leptonicternis yerbabuena White-lined Sac-winged Bat Saccopteryx bilineata Lesser Bulldog Bat Noctilio nepornis

SQUIRRELS Sciuridae Western Red Squirrel Sciurus igriventis Red-tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis

RACCOONS, etc. Procyonidae Kinkajou Potos flavus Olinguito Bassaricyon neblinae

AGOUTIS Dasyproctidae Black Agouti Dasyprocta fuliginosa Green Acouchy Myoprocta pratti

RABBITS Leporidae Tapeti Sylvilagus brasiliensis

PECCARIES Tayassuidae White-lipped Peccary* Tayassua pecari*

DEER Cervidae Little [Ecuador] Brocket Deer Mazama rufina RBT N Ecuador & Sani Extension Trip Report 2014 35

White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus

Rockjumper Birding Tours CC Worldwide Birding Adventures Registration number 2001/059480/23 PO Box 13972, Cascades, 3202, South Africa Tel: +27 33 394 0225 Fax: +27 88 033 394 0225 Tel (USA & Canada) toll free: 1-888-990-5552 Email: [email protected] Alternative Email: [email protected] Website: www.rockjumperbirding.com