DOCSLIB.ORG

Imposex in Babylonia Spirata (Gastropoda: Babyloniidae) from Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imposex in Babylonia Spirata (Gastropoda: Babyloniidae) from Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea) Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 41(5), October 2012, pp. 418-424 Imposex in Babylonia spirata (Gastropoda: Babyloniidae) from Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea) Nuzhat Afsar1, *Ghazala Siddiqui & Zarrien Ayub Center of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 1Lesbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science (LUAWMS), Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan *[E-mail: [email protected]] Received 8 March 2011; resived 18 August 2011 This is the first report of the occurrence of imposex in the neogastropod Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) from Pakistani waters. Studies were carried out at Manora Channel, which is situated in the vicinity of Karachi port and fish harbor, the hub of commercial boating activity in Pakistan. Other two sites Buleji and Sonmiani are free of such activity and were therefore considered as reference sites. Specimens of B. spirata were morphologically and histologically examined. Specimens showing imposex were only found at Manora Channel. Incidence of imposex was 73.7% and the vas deferens sequence (VDS) were ranked to be between 1 to 4+. The average VDSI was 0.42 whereas the average relative penis length index (RPLI) was 14.45 and the relative penis size index (RPSI) was 0.32. Both normal and imposex females generally showed normal gonadal development. However, evidence of an ovo-testis was found in histological sections of normal and imposexed female of B. spirata gonads examined from Manora Channel. At Manora Channel the sex ratio was significantly in favour of females whereas at Buleji and Sonmiani, it was close to unity (1:1). [Keywords: Ovo-testis, Babylonia spirata, Organotin, Karachi] Introduction Gastropod species belonging to the family Organotin compounds such as tributyltin Babyloniidae are also affected by TBT contamination and triphenyltin (TBT & TPhT) used in the and the reports concerning the imposex have been antifouling paints of ships, boats, fishing gears documented in species of Babylonia, previously and nets instigate imposex (superimposition of placed in the family Buccinidae11 such as B. japonica, male characters) in female snails. This phenomenon B. areolata, B. ambulacrum and B. formosae habei serves as an effective biomonitoring system to from Japan, Thailand, China and Taiwan12-15,9. In determine the presence of organotin contamination neighboring India, imposex have been reported in the in the marine environment1-5. muricid gastropod Cronia konkanensis, the babyloniid TBT has been used extensively in antifouling paints Babylonia. spirata and the cymatiid Gyrineum natator and the incidence of imposex in prosobranch from sites experiencing boating activity16-18. The gastropods has been reported at TBT concentrations phenomenon of imposex has also been observed in as low as 1ngL-1 in sea water1. Due to biocidal many species of muricid gastropods in Pakistan19-20. contamination of TBT in the marine environment, Preliminary investigations for tin measurement from population decline, morphological abnormalities such studied area have been conducted and concentrations as oviduct blockage, penis and vas deferens of organotin compounds:monophenyltin (MPhT) and development, deformed and bifurcate penis, 2-eyed diphenyltin (DPhT) been detected in soft tissues of tentacle, suppression of oogenesis, spermatogenesis three neogastropod species sampled from Manora and seminal vesicle development in females, have Channel20. Here we report the first case of imposex in been reported6-8. The phenomenon of imposex has a buccinoid gastropod, B. spirata from Pakistan. been reported in more than 170 species of gastropods mostly in the members of neogastropod family Materials and Methods Muricidae9, 10. Specimens of Babylonia spirata were collected —————— from Manora Channel, Pakistan (Fig. 1), between *Corresponding author: 1Present address: September and March during 2003-2008. We also AFSAR et al: IMPOSEX IN BABYLONIA FROM PAKISTAN 419 Fig. 1—Sampling sites for Babylonia spirata in Pakistan. Sonmiani, Buleji & Manora Channel: 1-Sampling site, 2-Karachi Port, 3- Karachi Fishing Harbor. collected specimens from Sonmiani in February 2005 plastic coated millimeter graph paper against the and from Buleji in March, 2008 (Fig. 1). Manora penis/pseudopenis and counting the number of units Channel lies in the vicinity of Karachi Port and occupied between its tip to the junction with the body Karachi Fish Harbor. Karachi port is the largest port wall behind the right tentacle. in the country, about 250-300 shipping vessels from Imposex stages were identified following the all over the world visit the port every month. In general scheme of imposex described by earlier contrast, Sonmiani and Buleji are ‘clean’ sites with workers1,21,22 (Fig. 2). Vas deferens sequence Index little or no maritime activities (Fig. 1). (VDSI) was calculated as the average imposex stage, Specimens of B. spirata were found in the low according to scheme of imposex development in intertidal zone at about 0 m tidal level. The animals prosobranchs1, 21, 22 (Fig. 2) were handpicked and brought live to the laboratory Relative Penis Length Index (RPLI) and Relative till further examination. Shell length of all specimens Penis Size Index (RPSI) were calculated by the collected was measured to the nearest 0.1 mm using a following formulas1,21,22. vernier caliper. The soft tissue was extracted by breaking the shell and then examined morphologically RPLI= (mean female penis length) /(mean male for the occurrence of imposex by assessing penis length) × 100 anatomical changes and morphological deformities RPSI= (mean female penis length)3 /(mean male such as asymmetry in tentacles or abnormal eye 3 penis length) × 100 growth on tentacles, as well as the presence of pseudopenis and vas deferens in female snails. Male The histological examination of gonads of individuals were identified by the presence of penis 36 individuals collected from Manora Channel was and vas deferens and prostate gland whereas, females carried out. Gonadal tissues were fixed in Davidson’s were distinguished by the presence of a dark sperm fixative23 for 48 hrs, and then preserved in 70% ingesting gland (SIG), posterior to the egg capsule alcohol till further processing. Prior to sectioning gland (ECG), and the presence of an albumen gland the specimens were dehydrated in alcohol, embedded ventral to the SIG. The male penis and female in wax, sectioned at 5-7 µm and stained with pseudopenis were measured by placing a piece of haematoxylin and eosin. 420 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 41, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2012 Fig. 2—General scheme of imposex stages in neogastropods. Bold lines indicate imposex stages observed in the present study. Abbreviations: ac-aborted capsules; cg-capsule gland; gp-genital papilla; obc-open bursa copulatrix; ocg-open capsule gland; ocv-occlusion of the vulva; p-penis; pd-penis duct; pr-prostate; te-tentacle; vdp-vas deferens passage into capsule gland; vds-vas deference sequence (Oehlmann et al. 41). Results of the total number respectively. Whereas incidence Out of 159 individuals of Babylonia spirata of imposex was 73.7%. Incidence of imposex was examined from Manora Channel, 60 were males, calculated as the proportion of imposex females 26 normal females and 73 females were affected by among the total number of females in a sample. imposex (IS), constituting 37.7%, 16.4% and 45.9% Whereas percentage of imposex describes the AFSAR et al: IMPOSEX IN BABYLONIA FROM PAKISTAN 421 frequency of imposex in whole population. The mean blockage or occlusion of vulva by vas deferens shell length of male and female B. spirata was formation was not observed even in specimens with 47.0±6.2 mm and 48.7±8.6 mm respectively. The advanced stages of imposex. Similar conditions were proportion of males was 0.4 and the sex ratio was described in B. japonica from Japan in which no significantly in favour of females (X2 9.66; P≤0.05), blockage of oviduct was observed in imposex therefore, female mortality may not be directly females15,22-25. However, this state differs from the attributable to imposex. In specimens of B. spirata symptoms described in populations of muricid (n=109) studied from Buleji, which is a ‘clean’ site, gastropods including Nucella lapillus, Ocinebrina the sex ratio was close to unity (X2 0.45; P≥0.05) aciculata and Thais clavigera6,7,26,27. In these species and no imposex individuals were found. Similarly oviduct blockage and occlusion of vulva were found in at Sonmiani (n=10) the sex ratio was 1:1 and there specimens showing advanced stages of imposex6,1,26,27. was no incidence of imposex at this site. Imposex indices such as RPLI, RPSI and VDSI The RPLI in this species was 14.5 and RPSI was were determined to assess the effect of imposex in the 0.3. The VDSI was 0.4 in the imposex population. B. spirata population. The VDS stages 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, The VDS stages 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4 and 4+ were found in B. spirata at 28 4 and 4+ were found in this species (Table 1). Most Manora Channel. Stroben et al. reported VDS stages of the imposex females were in VDS stages 3c (23.3), 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 4 and 4+ in the buccinid Hinia 1c (21.9) and 4+ (21.9), while rest of the VDS stages reticulata whereas, stages 1c, 2b, 2c and 3c were not ranged between 1.4 to 6.9. found in this species. VDS stages up to stage 5 have been described in buccinid gastropod Neptunea Discussion phoenicea29 though stage 4+ has been recommended In the present study of Babylonia spirata examined as the end of imposex development in many from Manora Channel, the incidence of imposex was buccinids28. In imposex gastropods with stage 73.7% and morphological alterations such as 4+ vas deferens bypass the vagina and runs ventrally pseudopenis and VDS development were evident in through the channel of capsule gland, and hence there females affected by imposex.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diversity of Malacofauna from the Paleru and Moosy Backwaters Of
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 881-887 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2017; 5(4): 881-887 Diversity of Malacofauna from the Paleru and © 2017 JEZS Moosy backwaters of Prakasam district, Received: 22-05-2017 Accepted: 23-06-2017 Andhra Pradesh, India Darwin Ch. Department of Zoology and Aquaculture, Acharya Darwin Ch. and P Padmavathi Nagarjuna University Nagarjuna Nagar, Abstract Andhra Pradesh, India Among the various groups represented in the macrobenthic fauna of the Bay of Bengal at Prakasam P Padmavathi district, Andhra Pradesh, India, molluscs were the dominant group. Molluscs were exploited for Department of Zoology and industrial, edible and ornamental purposes and their extensive use has been reported way back from time Aquaculture, Acharya immemorial. Hence the present study was focused to investigate the diversity of Molluscan fauna along Nagarjuna University the Paleru and Moosy backwaters of Prakasam district during 2016-17 as these backwaters are not so far Nagarjuna Nagar, explored for malacofauna. A total of 23 species of molluscs (16 species of gastropods belonging to 12 Andhra Pradesh, India families and 7 species of bivalves representing 5 families) have been reported in the present study. Among these, gastropods such as Umbonium vestiarium, Telescopium telescopium and Pirenella cingulata, and bivalves like Crassostrea madrasensis and Meretrix meretrix are found to be the most dominant species in these backwaters. Keywords: Malacofauna, diversity, gastropods, bivalves, backwaters 1. Introduction Molluscans are the second largest phylum next to Arthropoda with estimates of 80,000- 100,000 described species [1]. These animals are soft bodied and are extremely diversified in shape and colour.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Risk Limits for Triphenyltin in Water
    Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM report 601714018/2012 R. van Herwijnen | C.T.A. Moermond | P.L.A. van Vlaardingen | F.M.W. de Jong | E.M.J. Verbruggen National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven www.rivm.com Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM Report 601714018/2012 RIVM Report 601714018 Colophon © RIVM 2012 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', along with the title and year of publication. R. van Herwijnen C.T.A. Moermond P.L.A. van Vlaardingen F.M.W. de Jong E.M.J. Verbruggen Contact: René van Herwijnen Expertise Centre for Substances [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Directorate for Sustainability, within the framework of the project 'Chemical aspects of the Water Framework Directive and the Directive on Priority Substances'. Page 2 of 104 RIVM Report 601714018 Abstract Environmental risk limits for triphenyltin in water RIVM has, by order of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, derived environmental risk limits for triphenyltin. This was necessary because the current risk limts have not been derived according to the most recent methodology. Main uses of triphenyltin were for wood preservation and as antifouling on ships. The use as antifouling has been banned within Europe since 2003. The Dutch Steering Committee for Substances will set new standards on the basis of the scientific advisory values in this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity of Protein Hydrolysate from Marine Molluscs Babylonia Spirata (Linnaeus, 1758)
    Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 6 (07), pp. 073-077, July, 2016 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2016.60711 ISSN 2231-3354 Antimicrobial Activity of Protein Hydrolysate from Marine Molluscs Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) Amutha Kuppusamy*, Selvakumari Ulagesan Department of Biotechnology, Vels University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO Article history: The present study is to investigate the antimicrobial activity of protein hydrolysate of marine water mollusks Received on: 22/02/2016 Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758). Protein hydrolysate was prepared from tissue of Babylonia spirata by Revised on: 10/03/2016 enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzyme digestion were carried out with the enzyme Trypsin. The protein concentration Accepted on: 08/05/2016 was estimated by Bradford’s method and the protein quantification was done by using SDS PAGE analysis. Available online: 28/07/2016 Antibacterial assay was carried out against four bacterial pathogens by agar well diffusion method and antifungal activity was performed against three human pathogenic fungal strains. 2.6mg/ml protein Key words: concentration was estimated by Bradford’s method and 40 to 200 kDa protein bands were resulted in SDS Gastropods, Babylonia PAGE analysis. In antimicrobial activity, the maximum zone of inhibition was observed against Staphylococcus spirata, Enzymatic digestion, aureus22.16 +1.04mm at 1000µg/ml concentration and the maximum zone of inhibition was observed in Protein hydrolysate, Aspergillus fumigatus13.5+0.5 in 1000µg/ml concentration. These results are signify that the protein Antimicrobial activity. hydrolysate of marine molluscs Babylonia spirata express remarkable antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTION predominantly for their antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-tumor and The marine environment is a huge source to discover anti-inflammatory, anti- leukemic, antineoplastic and antiviral bioactive natural products.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancillariidae
    WMSDB - Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base Family: ANCILLARIIDAE Author: Claudio Galli - [email protected] (updated 06/lug/2017) Class: GASTROPODA --- Taxon Tree: CAENOGASTROPODA-NEOGASTROPODA-OLIVOIDEA ------ Family: ANCILLARIIDAE Swainson, 1840 (Sea) - Alphabetic order - when first name is in bold the species has images DB counters=528, Genus=16, Subgenus=11, Species=356, Subspecies=20, Synonyms=124, Images=342 abdoi, Ancillus abdoi Awad & Abed, 1967 † (FOSSIL) abessensis , Alocospira abessensis Lozouet, 1992 † (FOSSIL) abyssicola , Amalda abyssicola Schepman, 1911 acontistes , Ancilla acontistes Kilburn, 1980 acuminata , Ancilla acuminata (Sowerby, 1859) acuta , Amalda acuta Ninomiya, 1991 acutula , Eoancilla acutula Stephenson, 1941 † (FOSSIL) adansoni , Ancilla adansoni Blainville, 1825 - syn of: Anolacia mauritiana (Sowerby, 1830) adelaidensis , Ancilla adelaidensis Ludbrook, 1958 † (FOSSIL) adelphae , Ancilla adelphae Bourguignat, 1880 - syn of: Ancilla adelphe Kilburn, 1981 adelphe , Ancilla adelphe Kilburn, 1981 aegyptica, Ancilla aegyptica Oppenheim, 1906 † (FOSSIL) africana , Vanpalmeria africana Adegoke, 1977 † (FOSSIL) agulhasensis , Ancilla agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 - syn of: Ancilla ordinaria Smith, 1906 akontistes , Turrancilla akontistes (Kilburn, 1980) akontistes , Ancilla akontistes Kilburn, 1980 - syn of: Turrancilla akontistes (Kilburn, 1980) alazana , Ancillina alazana Cooke, 1928 † (FOSSIL) alba , Ancilla alba Perry, 1811 - syn of: Bullia vittata (Linnaeus, 1767) albanyensis , Amalda albanyensis Ninomiya,
    [Show full text]
  • (Approx) Mixed Micro Shells (22G Bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22G Bag Provides Hours of Fun; Some Interesting Foraminifera Also Included
    Special Price £ US$ Family Genus, species Country Quality Size Remarks w/o Photo Date added Category characteristic (€) (approx) (approx) Mixed micro shells (22g bags) Philippines € 10,00 £8,64 $11,69 Each 22g bag provides hours of fun; some interesting Foraminifera also included. 17/06/21 Mixed micro shells Ischnochitonidae Callistochiton pulchrior Panama F+++ 89mm € 1,80 £1,55 $2,10 21/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Chaetopleura lurida Panama F+++ 2022mm € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Hairy girdles, beautifully preserved. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 30mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Ischnochiton textilis South Africa F+++ 27.9mm € 2,80 £2,42 $3,27 30/04/21 Polyplacophora Ischnochitonidae Stenoplax limaciformis Panama F+++ 16mm+ € 6,50 £5,61 $7,60 Uncommon. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Philippines F+++ 25mm+ € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Hairy margins, beautifully preserved. 04/08/17 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura gemmata Australia F+++ 25mm+ € 2,60 £2,25 $3,04 02/06/18 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 41mm+ € 4,00 £3,45 $4,68 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. Web 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata Panama F+++ 32mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 West Indian 'fuzzy' chiton. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 44mm+ € 5,00 £4,32 $5,85 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F++ 35mm € 2,50 £2,16 $2,92 Caribbean. 24/12/16 Polyplacophora Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus Panama F+++ 29mm+ € 3,00 £2,59 $3,51 Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • W+W Special Paper B-18-2
    W+W Special Paper B-18-2 DIE GENETISCHE FAMILIE DER HALIOTIDAE – HYBRIDISIERUNG, FORTPFLANZUNGSISOLATION UND SYMPATRISCHE ARTBILDUNG Nigel Crompton September 2018 http://www.wort-und-wissen.de/artikel/sp/b-18-2_haliotidae.pdf Bild: Doka54, Public Domain Inhalt Einleitung ................................................................................................ 3 Taxonomie der Seeohren ...................................................................... 6 Die taxonomische Stellung der Seeohren .........................................................7 Glossar ..............................................................................................................7 Seeohren-Arten und Hybriden ......................................................... 9 Genetische Familien und Befruchtung ..........................................14 Genetische Familien und sympatrische Artbildung ......................15 Die Rolle der Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium bei der Befruchtung..............................................................................................16 Wechselwirkung zwischen Ei und Spermium und sympatrische Artbildung ....17 Besonderheiten der VERL-Lysin-Bindungsdomänen ......................................18 Wie kann es trotz Hybridisierung zur Artbildung kommen? ..........................19 Weitere Beispiele und vergleichbare Mechanismen bei Pflanzen ......................20 Schlussfolgerung .............................................................................21 Quellen ............................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Babylonia Revisited (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Buccinidae)
    The genus Babylonia revisited (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Buccinidae) E. Gittenberger & J. Goud In memoriam Koos den Hartog. Gittenberger, E. & J. Goud. The genus Babylonia revisited (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Buccinidae). Zool. Verh. Leiden 345, 31.x.2003: 151-162, figs 1-24.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-89-3. E. Gittenberger & J. Goud, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Postbus 9517, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (e-mail: [email protected]) Key words: Gastropoda; Buccinidae; Babylonia; Plio/Pleistocene; recent; taxonomy; new species; distri- bution. Taxonomic and biogeographic data on Babylonia and Zemiropsis, published after the 1981 monograph on Babylonia by Altena & Gittenberger, are summarized and new data are added. Babylonia and Zemiropsis are characterized and considered most closely related genera. Babylonia lani spec. nov. and Babylonia umbilifusca spec. nov. are introduced as new to science. Babylonia leonis Altena & Gittenberger, 1972, described from pliocene-pleistocene deposits, is reported as an extant species. The enigmatic “Babylonia” rosadoi is considered a Zemiropsis species on the basis of both shell morphology and distribution. Introduction While revising the buccinid genus Babylonia Schlüter, 1838, Altena & Gittenberger (1981) distinguished 11 extant species, two of which polytypic with two subspecies each, and 12 fossil and extinct species. Six recent species are also known as miocene or younger fossils. Five fossil species are known from the Mediterranean region. The old- est Babylonia species are from eocene deposits in Italy. The genus apparently originated in the Tethys Sea and became extinct in the Mediterranean region after the Miocene. The three actually most common species, viz. Babylonia areolata, B. japonica and B. spira- ta, have continuous ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • White Abalone (Haliotis Sorenseni)
    White Abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) Five-Year Status Review: Summary and Evaluation Photo credits: Joshua Asel (left and top right photos); David Witting, NOAA Restoration Center (bottom right photo) National Marine Fisheries Service West Coast Region Long Beach, CA July 2018 White Abalone 5- Year Status Review July 2018 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. i 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 Reviewers ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Methodology used to complete the review ...................................................................... 1 1.3 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 RECOVERY IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................... 3 2.2 Biological Opinions.......................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Addressing Key Threats ................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Outreach Partners ............................................................................................................. 5 2.5 Recovery Coordination ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Challenges in Abalone Breeding 17 Natasha A
    Breeding Focus 2021 - Improving Reproduction Edited by Susanne Hermesch Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, University of New England, Armidale, Australia Sonja Dominik CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, Australia Published by Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New England Armidale, NSW, Australia © Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, 2021 All rights reserved except under the conditions described in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retriev- al system or be transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy- ing, recording, duplicating, or otherwise, without prior permission from the publisher: Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit University of New England Armidale NSW 2351 Australia http://agbu.une.edu.au ISBN: 978-1-921597-86-2 eISBN: 978-1-921597-87-9 Cover design by Susan Joyal Book design by Kathy Dobos First published, 2021 Contents Preface iii Review: Cattle fertility and genetic improvement of fertility in developing countries 5 Eva M. Strucken Reproductive challenges in abalone breeding 17 Natasha A. Botwright, Omar Mendoza-Porras, Roger Chong, Ya Zhang and Carmel McDougall Opportunities from understanding health and welfare of sows 37 Laura Vargovic, Jo Harper and Kim Bunter Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) embryo survival: risk factors 49 Sally R. Isberg and Peter C. Thomson New phenotypes for genetic improvement of fertility in dairy cows 59 Irene van den Berg, Melissa Stephen, Phuong N. Ho, Mekonnen Haile-Mariam, Claire Phyn, Susanne Meier, Chris Burke, Nicole Steele and Jennie E. Pryce The influence of bull fertility on beef herd productivity 71 Laercio R Porto-Neto, John Bertram, Marina R S Fortes, Pamela Alexandre, Michael McGowan, Ben Hayes and Antonio Reverter Improving reproductive performance in pigs 85 Jo-Anne Harper, Kim Bunter and Laura Vargovic Breeding for improved fertility of honey bees 97 E.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Antifouling Paints on Ship Hulls Over Past Four Decades and Consequent Imposex: a Review
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438 Use of Antifouling Paints on Ship Hulls over Past Four Decades and Consequent Imposex: A Review Nuzhat Afsar Assistant Professor, Institute of Marine Science, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan Abstract: Review provides the historic stance, general overview of gastropod populations being served as biosensors and developments in imposex detection. Typically muricoid species belonging to genus Nucella and Thais have been found to be good bioindicators globally. Although up to seven (7) imposex developmental stages have been described based on organotin accumulation by an organism and resultant morphological expression (penis and vas deferens development in females) due to endocrine disruption and steroidal imbalance. From Pakistan phenomenon of imposex has been described in nine (9) species of meso and neogasrtropods. Imposex stages 1-4 and 4+ have been found in examined muricids, bursid and buccinid species which revealed the moderate contamination effects on gastropod populations found along the Pakistan coast. Some archaeogastropods from Japan and Pakistan have also been tested respectively for reproductive fitness due to possible contamination effects. Keywords: shipping traffic, antifouling paints, gastropods, endocrine disruption 1. Introduction The application of TBT based antifouling paints was banned in the late 1980s in many countries. Legislation The phenomenon of imposex in gastropod species is have been implemented to restrict the use of TBT in anti globally recognized as a cheap, easily applied biological fouling paints [15-16] then finally a global ban on the use indicator test and marine gastropod species being served as of TBT from 2003 to 2008 was imposed by the biosensors have provided a guideline in assigning International Maritime Organization (IMO) to restrict and priorities for more rigorous chemical analysis and to remove all existing coatings from ship hulls [17].
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomics Studies on the Three Larval Stages of Development And
    www.nature.com/scientificreports Correction: Author Correction OPEN Proteomics Studies on the three Larval Stages of Development and Metamorphosis of Babylonia Received: 22 September 2017 Accepted: 6 April 2018 areolata Published: xx xx xxxx Minghui Shen1,3, Guilan Di1,2, Min Li1, Jingqiang Fu1, Qi Dai1, Xiulian Miao4, Miaoqin Huang1, Weiwei You1 & Caihuan Ke1 The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China. The middle veliger stage, later veliger stage, and juvenile stage are distinct larval stages in B. areolata development. In this study, we used label-free quantifcation proteomics analysis of the three developmental stages of B. areolata. We identifed a total of 5,583 proteins, of which 1,419 proteins expression level showed signifcant diferential expression. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes were the most abundant. Those proteins mostly had functions such as binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in the ribosome, carbon metabolism, and lysosome pathways were the most abundant, indicating that protein synthesis and the immune response were active during the three stages of development. This is the frst study to use proteomics and real-time PCR to study the early developmental stages of B. areolata, which could provide relevant data on gastropod development. Our results provide insights into the novel aspects of protein function in shell formation, body torsion, changes in feeding habits, attachment and metamorphosis, immune- related activities in B.
    [Show full text]
  • And Babylonia Zeylanica (Bruguiere, 1789) Along Kerala Coast, India
    ECO-BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES OF THE WHELK, BABYLONIA SPIRATA (LINNAEUS, 1758) AND BABYLONIA ZEYLANICA (BRUGUIERE, 1789) ALONG KERALA COAST, INDIA Thesis submitted to Cochin University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Under the faculty of Marine Sciences By ANJANA MOHAN (Reg. No: 2583) CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE Indian Council of Agricultural Research KOCHI 682 018 JUNE 2007 ®edi'catec[ to My Tarents. Certificate This is to certify that this thesis entitled “Eco-biology and fisheries of the whelk, Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Babylonia zeylanica (Bruguiere, 1789) along Kerala coast, India” is an authentic record of research work carried out by Anjana Mohan (Reg.No. 2583) under my guidance and supervision in Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Ph.D degree in Marine science of the Cochin University of Science and Technology and no part of this has previously formed the basis for the award of any degree in any University. Dr. V. ipa (Supervising guide) Sr. Scientist,\ Mariculture Division Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute. Date: 3?-95' LN?‘ Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Eco-biology and fisheries of the whelk, Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Babylonia zeylanica (Bruguiere, 1789) along Kerala coast, India” is an authentic record of research work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. V. Kripa, Sr. Scientist, Mariculture Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, in partial fulfillment for the Ph.D degree in Marine science of the Cochin University of Science and Technology and no part thereof has been previously formed the basis for the award of any degree in any University.
    [Show full text]