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Mosses of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia

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Mosses of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia 国立科博専報，（45）: 93–104, 2008年3月28日 Mem. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, (45): 93–104, March 28, 2008 Mosses of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia Masanobu Higuchi1, Tomotsugu Arikawa2 and Monica Suleiman3 1 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Biology, Keio University, 4–1–1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama Kanagawa 223–8521, Japan E-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The moss flora of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia was investigated in 2005. The mosses recognized comprise 18 families, 43 genera and 97 species except pleurocarpous mosses. Ditrichum heteromallum, Fissidens braunii and Syrrhopodon tjibodensis are new additions to the moss flora of Borneo Island. For each species recognized here, locality, substrate, specimen num- ber and taxonomic note are provided. Key words : bryophytes, mosses, Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia This study deals with the moss flora of Mt. compiled by Touw (1978) who enumerated 649 Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia based on the collec- taxa from Borneo Island. Recently Suleiman et tions made under a research program, “Biodiver- al. (2006) revised the catalog of the mosses of sity inventory in the Western Pacific region,” by Borneo Island and listed 721 taxa from Borneo the National Museum of Nature and Science, Island. Tan and Iwatsuki (1999) proposed that Tokyo. The first author has studied the moss flora Mt. Kinabalu is one of the four hot spots of the of the alpine regions in East Asia with special in- moss diversity in Malesia. terest of the endemic taxa (Higuchi & Arikawa, The purpose of this study is to investigate the 2005, 2006; Higuchi & Lin, 2005, 2007). In 2005 moss flora of Mt. Kinabalu and to compile it we made a field research and collected based on the specimens collected. bryophytes mainly from Mt. Kinabalu area and Mahua in Crocker Range Park situated southwest Materials and Methods of Mt. Kinabalu. Field studies were carried out in September, Mt. Kinabalu (6°04ЈN, 116°33ЈE) is located in 2005, and a total of ca. 450 specimens were col- Sabah, and is the highest (Low’s peak, 4,095m lected. The main sites investigated are divided as alt.) in Southeast Asia as well as Borneo Island. follows (Fig. 1). Many botanists visited Mt. Kinabalu and studied its flora. In bryophytes, many interesting taxa I: Mt. Kinabalu, from Timpohon Gate have been reported from Mt. Kinabalu. The first (1860 m alt.) to Laban Rata (3270 m alt.), list of the bryophytes in the Kinabalu Park was along trail, September 7, 2005. presented by Frahm et al. (1990). Subsequently II: Mt. Kinabalu, from Laban Rata (3270 m several authors have contributed additions to the alt.) to Paka Cave (3000 m alt.), along bryophyte flora of the area (cf. Akiyama et al., trail, September 8, 2005. 2001). The moss flora of Borneo Island has been 94 Masanobu Higuchi et al. 1122 3344 5566 Fig. 1. Photographs showing the area investigated. 1. View of Mt. Kinabalu from the Park Headquarters. 2. Trail between the Timpohon Gate and Layang Layang where Dawsonia beccarii is growing. 3. Gorge near Paka Cave where Takakia lepidozioides is growing. 4. Sayat Sayat Mountain Hut. 5. Forest along Silau Silau trail. 6. Mahua Waterfalls. III: Mt. Kinabalu, from Laban Rata (3270 m V: Mt. Kinabalu, Headquater, along Silau- alt.) to Low’s Peak (4095 m alt.), along silau Taril (1550 m alt.) (Fig. 1: 5) and trail, September 9, 2005. Bukit Burung Trail (1620 m alt.), Septem- IV: Mt. Kinabalu, from Laban Rata (3270 m ber 11, 2005. alt.) to Timpohon Gate (1860 m alt.), VI: Mt. Kinabalu, Headquater, along Liwagu along trail, September 10, 2005. Taril (1500–1700 m alt.), September 12, Mosses of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, Malaysia 95 2005. Goffinet and Buck (2004). In the following enu- VII: northern part of Crocker Range Park, meration an asterisk (*) preceding a species indi- around the entrance of Mahua Waterfalls cates “new to Borneo.” Each species is referred (1080 m alt.), September 15, 17, 2005. by collecting site (I-VIII), substrate and speci- VIII: northern part of Crocker Range Park, men number, and some species taxonomic notes. from entrance to Mahua Waterfalls The specimens cited here are deposited in the (1080–1160 m alt.) (Fig. 1: 6), September herbaria of the Department of Botany, National 16, 2005. Museum of Nature and Science (formerly Na- tional Science Museum) (TNS), the Institute for Results and Discussion Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), and the Kinabalu Na- The mosses recognized in this study comprise tional Park. 18 families, 43 genera and 97 species except pleurocarpous mosses. Among them Ditrichum heteromallum, Fissidens braunii and Syrrhopodon Andreaceae tjibodensis, are new additions to the moss flora of Andreaea rupestris Hedw., Spec. Musc. 47 Borneo Island, although the area investigated is (1801). bryologically well-explored as compared with III: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 44908 (ϩGrimmia other areas in Southeast Asia. Touw (1978) and affinis), 44914, 44922 (ϩGrimmia affinis); on Suleiman et al. (2006) enumerated 447 and 582 rock, Arikawa 5242, 5245 (ϩGrimmia affinis). taxa from Sabah in Borneo Island respectively. Sabah is evidently the richest district of mosses Bartramiaceae in Borneo Island. The richness of bryophyte Bartramia aurescens Dixon, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. species in Sabah is probably due to the presence 50: 94 (1935). of Mt. Kinabalu which has resulted in the devel- III: on soil, Higuchi 44912; on rock-crevice, opment of species confined to this area. For ex- Higuchi 44915; on soil, Arikawa 5251, 5252 ample, Takakia lepidozioides was recorded from (ϩPohlia flexuosa), 5254. Borneo by Hattori (1963a, b), which is a hyper- Breutelia arundinifolia (Duby) M. Fleisch., oceanic element and has an interesting disjunc- Musci Fl. Buitenzorg 2: 630 (1904). tive range from Himalaya to West and North IV: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 44980, 44999; on Pacifc Arc (Schuster, 1983). The occurrence of tree-trunk, Arikawa 5323. Takakia lepidozioides may give a hint of the ori- Breutelia kinabaluensis Dixon, J. Linn. Soc. gin of bryophyte flora of Mt. Kinabalu. Because Bot. 50: 94 (1935). its sporophytes and antheridia have never been IV: on rock, Arikawa 5270. found. The presence of many endemic taxa as Philonotis calomicra Broth. in Schum. & well as the relict taxa such as Takakia suggests Lauterb., Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. 88 (1900). that the bryophyte flora of Mt. Kinabalu have an VII: on soil at trail bank, Arikawa 5429. VIII: old origin. While the new record of Ditrichum on rock-cliff, Higuchi 45226 (ϩBryum apicula- heteromallum from Mt. Kinabalu is easier to tum), 45305 (ϩWeissia controbersa). comprehend, since they have numerous sporo- Philonotis hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad., phytes with mature spores, which enable it to ex- Taxon 8: 74 (1959). tend the range. VIII: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 45314. Philonotis secunda (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Enumeration of species Sande Lac., Bryol. Jav. 1: 156 (1861). The families, genera and species are arranged IV: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 44940; on soil, alphabetically. The generic position follows Arikawa 5266. VI: on rock-cliff, Arikawa 5420, 96 Masanobu Higuchi et al. Higuchi 45184; on soil at trail bank, Higuchi at the leaf apex. 45181. Orthodontium infractum Dozy & Molk., Ann. Bryaceae Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 2: 33 (1844). Brachymenium nepalense Hook. in Schwägr., III: on soil at trail bank, Higuchi 44939. Spec. Musc. Suppl. 2(1): 131 (1824). Rhodobryum aubertii (Schwägr.) Ther., Recueil V: on trunk of tree fern, Higuchi 45013. Publ. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 89(2): 128 Bryum apiculatum Schwägr., Spec. Musc. (1922). Suppl. 1(2): 102 (1816). VIII: on rock, Arikawa 5457; on boulder, VIII: on soil at trail bank, Higuchi 45226 Higuchi 45229, Arikawa 5455; on soil, Arikawa (ϩPhilonotis calomicra). 5478, 5483. Bryum argenteum Hedw., Spec. Musc. 181 Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwägr.) Paris, Ind. (1801). Bryol. 1116 (1898). II: on soil, Higuchi 44899; Arikawa 5236. III: VI: on humus, Arikawa 5423. on rock-crevice, Higuchi 44903, 44905 (ϩOxys- ϩ tegus tenuirostris), 44909, 44910 ( Leptodon- Calymperaceae tium flexifolium); on soil, Arikawa 5239, 5240 Exostratum blumei (Nees ex Hampe) L. T. Ellis, ϩ ( Oxystegus tenuirostris). Lindbergia 11: 25 (1985). Bryum billardieri Schwägr., Spec. Musc. Suppl. V: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 45052. 1(2): 115 (1816). Leucophanes octoblepharioides Brid., Bryol. VIII: on soil, Higuchi 45241. Univ. 1: 763 (1827). Bryum clavatum (Schimp.) Müll.Hal., Syn. 1: VIII: on basal part of tree, Higuchi 45259; on 292 (1848). tree-trunk, Arikawa 5446; on decaying log, II: on rock, Arikawa 5195. IV: on soil at trail Higuchi 45212; on rock, Arikawa 5463. bank, Higuchi 44978. Mitthyridium flavum (Müll.Hal.) H. Rob., Phy- Bryum sp. tologia 32: 433 (1975). VIII: on rock-cliff, Higuchi 45310. V: on fallen tree-trunk, Higuchi 45026. Notes. Plants (Higuchi 45310) have oblong- Mitthyridium undulatum (Dozy & Molk.) H. lanceolate leaves somewhat twisted when dry, Rob., Phytologia 32: 435 (1975). reddish basal part of leaves and tomenta of rhi- VII: on tree-trunk, Higuchi 45215. zoids on stems. These characteristics indicate the Octoblephalum albidum Hedw., Spec. Musc. 50 plants to be closely related to Bryum pseudotri- (1801). quetrum. However, leaf margins are plane and VI: on basal part of tree, Higuchi 45161. not well-bordered and the habitat is rather low- Syrrhopodon japonicus (Besch.) Broth. in land, which shows the difference from alpine Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. ed. 2, 10: 233 Bryum pseudotriquetrum. (1924). Bryum russulum Broth. & Geh., Oefv. Finsk. V: on root, Higuchi 45068; on decaying log, Vet. Soc. Foerh. 40: 175 (1898). Higuchi 45043 (ϩSyrrhopodon prolifer). III: on rock-crevice, Higuchi 44924.
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