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Research on Cattle Production, Management and Dairy Products in Bangladesh Abstract J. Vet. Med. OH Res. (2020). 2(2): 183-404 p-2664-2352 : ISSN : e-2664-2360 Website: www.lepvmbj.org DOI: 10.36111/jvmohr.2020.2(2).0021 A SIX-DECADE REVIEW: RESEARCH ON CATTLE PRODUCTION, MANAGEMENT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS IN BANGLADESH M. A. Samad Rajuk Uttara Apartment Project (RUAP), Kameni Building, 14D 305, Diyabari, Uttara-18, Dhaka, Bangladesh e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Historical changes in the demand of animal protein sources (milk & meat) for human consumption have been largely increased due to increased growth of human population, income and urbanization in Bangladesh. Research on cattle production and management especially cattle breeding, feeds and fodders, milk production and products have contributed to increase potential production and genetic gains of cattle. A comprehensive review on the published inland research reports on cattle production, management and dairy products are lacking in literature which is required for further research for the cattle development and production. Objectives: An attempt to review on the published inland research reports on the advances in science and technology on cattle production, management and dairy products in Bangladesh Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review of research articles on cattle production, management and dairy products published between 1962 and 2020 from Bangladesh has been reviewed. A total of 1185 research articles on cattle production, management and dairy products supported with some international related articles have been reviewed and analyzed. Results: Research data on cattle production, management and dairy products are compiled from 1185 different research reports supported with some international reports. This review covers the status of cattle breeds and varieties with tabulated summary of 21 reports on draught cattle, 83 on fodder production, 97 on nutrition, feeds and feeding, 88 on trials of different feed formulations in non-dairy cattle and 68 on dairy cattle, 5 on the effects of heat stress on health and production, 39 on fattening of cattle, 27 on genetics and breeding, 75 on semen and AI, 20 on factors associated with conception rate (CR), 8 on oocyte and embryo collection, 9 on genotypes of dairy cows, 7 on management of smallholder dairy farms, 48 on milk production status of dairy cattle, 32 on economics of rearing cattle, 99 on productive and reproductive performances of cattle, 7 on estrus and pregnancy diagnosis, 7 problems of dairy farmers, 23 on preservative and adulteration of milk, 20 on constituents and methods of sweet preparation, 11 on cheese preparation, 9 on ice-cream, 56 on yoghurt, 4 on beef cattle production, 34 on birth weight, and 15 on calf rearing including calf milk replacer and calf starter. Conclusions: Data based reports are important for priority setting and targeting with mandate for cattle development and increase production. Currently, one of the biggest gaps in the inland datasets on cattle research and this review addresses this gap by bringing together in a review and highlighting some of the major findings. Cross-breeding remains an attractive option for cattle improvement because of the quick results that can be obtained by its use and the potential benefits it has farmers. This review would serve as an archive of research reports on cattle production, management and dairy products for the concerned academicians, research scientists, organizations and government for future planning for education, research and extension on cattle production. Keywords: Systematic review, Six decades, Cattle, Management, Production, Dairy products, Bangladesh Article Info: Article Code No. © LEP: JVMOHR/0021/2020 Received: 15 July 2020 Revised: 15 Nov 2020 Accepted: 10 Dec 2020 Published: 30 Dec 2020 Citation: Samad MA (2020). A six-decade review: research on cattle production, management and dairy products in Bangladesh. J. Vet. Med. OH Res. 2 (2): 183-404 [doi:10.36111/jvmohr.2020.2(2). 0021] Copy right © 2020. The Authors. Published by LEP. This is an open access article under the CC- BY-NC-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/) J. Vet. Med. OH Res. 2(2): 2020 CONTENTS 01. Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183 02. Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 185 03. Materials and Methods ----------------------------------------------------------------- 186 04. Research findings on cattle production ---------------------------------------------- 186 05. Morphometric measurement of native cattle --------------------------------------- 191 06. Draught cattle ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192 07. Live cattle body weight measurement ------------------------------------------------ 193 08. Feeds and feeding practices in cattle --------------------------------------------------- 194 09. Research on feeds and fodders --------------------------------------------------------- 196 10. Cattle nutrition, feeds and feedings -------------------------------------------------- 202 11. Ration increased milk production and limitation ------------------------------------- 222 12. Evaluation of feeding of urea-molasses treated straw in cattle --------------------- 223 13. Effects of heat and transport stress in dairy cattle ---------------------------------- 224 14. Research findings on cattle fattening ------------------------------------------------- 225 15. Research on cattle genetics and breeding ---------------------------------------------- 229 16. Semen collection and crossbreeding by using artificial insemination --------------- 233 17. Effect of the stages of estrus and semen on conception rate ------------------------ 244 18. Embryo transfer (ET) in cows ----------------------------------------------------------- 244 19. Dairy industry in Bangladesh ---------------------------------------------------------- 245 20. Management of smallholder dairy farms ----------------------------------------------- 248 21. Milk production and processing -------------------------------------------------------- 249 22. Market share of milk by the different companies ------------------------------------- 254 23. Economics of dairy farming ------------------------------------------------------------ 255 24. Research on reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle ------------- 260 25. Estrus and pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle ---------------------------------------- 267 26. Research on commercial dairy farms --------------------------------------------------- 268 27. Research findings on milk and milk products ---------------------------------------- 270 28. Research on beef cattle production ------------------------------------------------------- 299 29. Care of the calf at birth--------------------------------------------------------------------- 302 30. Birth weight and growth of calves ------------------------------------------------------- 302 31. Calf management ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 304 32. Public health and environment of livestock rearing --------------------------------- 312 33. Culling dairy cattle ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 313 34. Manure management and biogas production ------------------------------------------ 315 35. Miscellaneous research findings --------------------------------------------------------- 316 184 Cattle production, management and dairy products INTRODUCTION The livestock sector especially cattle production is rapidly changing in response to globalization and growing demand for animal source foods due to increase population growth, increase income and rapid rate of urbanization that changes in food preferences for people. The health and quality of animal is influenced by genetics, management practices, nutrition and environment. The main target of animal production includes good quality healthy animals that reach full production potential and a quality nutritious and safe food supply. Animal production is the science and art of rearing domestic animals with the subjects as animal behavior and management, genetics and breeding, reproduction, nutrition, meat science, dairy science and technology1 The production of cattle for various purposes especially dairy, beef, hides and other products which can be primarily categorized into dairy industry and beef industry. Cattle domestication and production have a long history and recognized as a most important livestock species because of their production and role in human culture. Many breeds and varieties of cattle that differ in appearance, performance and environmental adaptation are kept on all inhabited continents but the historic origin of the diverse phenotypes is not always clear. Cattle production systems integrate responsible management strategies, environmental principles and stewardship of property and economic awareness and viability whereas management strategies are uniquely linked with forage production and nutritive value, herd size, housing systems and opportunities to match forages with animal requirements for production.2 Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ruminant livestock of the genus Bos under family Bovidae. Bos indicus and Bos taurus are the two distinct species of cattle. The B. indicus is the Indian sub- continent zebu (humped) cattle characterized by lower growth rate, smaller size, late sexual maturity, low
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