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Coastal Management Lines for Eden District Project Report

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Coastal Management Lines for Eden District Project Report Coastal Management Lines for Eden District Project Report July 2018 Coastal management lines for Eden District i DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Document title and version: Coastal Management Lines for Eden District: Project Report (March 2018) Project Name: The Technical Delineation of both the coastal management line; the EIA development set- back line as well as an audit of coastal access in the Eden District Municipality Client: Western Cape Government, Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Royal HaskoningDHV reference number: MD2368 Authority reference: EADP1/2016 Authors: Royal HaskoningDHV Gerard van Weele Rafeeqah Alexander Dr. Keming Hu Dr. David Brew Nomcebo Hlanguza Katarzyna Bozek Bronwen Griffiths Coastwise Consulting Tandi Breetzke Acknowledgements: Western Cape Government Environmental Affairs & Development Planning Sub-directorate: Coastal Impact Management Directorate: Spatial Planning and Coastal Impact Management Email: [email protected] and Tel: 021 483 3370/2724 Appreciation is also expressed for all the contributions made by members of the public during the stakeholder engagement process, and the support received from the local municipalities of Hessequa, Mossel Bay, George, Knysna and Bitou, as well as Eden District Municipality. Date: July 2018 Coastal management lines for Eden District ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The coastal zone has always attracted people, whether for recreational purposes or for the natural resources that can be harvested from the coast or adjacent marine area. However, this concentration of people necessitates the concentration of developmental activities that are often in conflict with the natural dynamic nature of the coast or the biophysical sensitivities associated with the coastline. The Western Cape Government is under obligation to protect and preserve the inherent value of the Western Cape’s coastal zone. This implies that it has the responsibility to arrest on-going degradation driven by uninformed decision-making or irresponsible development, whilst promoting development that is responsive to the dynamic nature and risks associated with the coastal zone. One of the key mechanisms through which this task is to be performed, is the delineation of coastal management set-back lines. These lines demarcate areas along the shoreline that are considered either too risky for development (i.e. coastal processes pose a risk to properties or people), or considered sensitive from a social or biophysical point of view and therefore worthy of conservation and preservation. Following similar delineations for the West Coast and Overberg Districts, a process was undertaken to determine a coastal management line (CML) for the Eden District as per the provisions of the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 2008 (Act 24 of 2008). This line takes into consideration: - Coastal risks such as long-term erosion trends, sea level rise and storm surges - The littoral active zone - Sensitive coastal vegetation, especially coastal vegetation identified as being provincial conservation importance - Areas of particular coastal quality or value such as primary dune systems and steep coastal cliffs - Protected areas - Flood risks and the estuarine functional zone around estuaries The line demarcates a zone along the shore seawards of which intensification of development should not be allowed. Within this restricted development area, a range of development controls may be imposed as relevant to the nature of the risks or sensitivities present. For example, where a site is exposed to erosion risk, development should either not be allowed, or alternatively allowed only in a form that will accommodate the possibility of wave impact, undermining etc. and not pose secondary risks to adjacent development. Additionally, the management line is to be used as a ‘development set-back line’ (DSL) as provided for in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regulatory scheme created under the auspices of the National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act 107 of 1998). Application of the regulatory controls associated with the lines will be the responsibility of either the Provincial Government through the EIA regulatory scheme (using the DSL) or the Coastal management lines for Eden District iii local authorities in Eden District through means of the Spatial Development Framework (SDF) and Land Use Planning Schemes (using the CML). A third line which demarcates the Coastal Protection Zone (CPZ) adds a final dimension to the scheme. This area includes all other features considered to form part of the coastal zone but that are not included in the CML, and has a minimum width of 100m from the high- water mark (HWM) in urban areas and 1km in rural areas. It is not used to specifically impose regulatory controls, but acts as an informant to general planning and development. The lines different zones to be considered for development management, and the relevant risks or issues to be managed are listed below. Note that this introduces the concept of a ‘risk zone’ which includes the 50 or 100-year erosion risk zone, areas within the flood risk zones of estuaries and littoral active zones. Zone Description Development controls to apply CPZ • Area seaward of the CPZ • No additional controls CML • Area seaward of the CML and • Prevent development transgressing the around development islands development boundary • General development parameters to avoid insensitive development DSL • Area seaward of the DSL and • As per EIA listing notices around development islands Risk • Medium term (50 year) erosion risk Development parameters specific to: zones zone (built-up areas) • Encroachment • Long term (100 year) erosion risk • Erosion risk zone (rural areas) • Mobile sand • Area within 1:100yr floodline or • Flooding below the 10m amsl contour • Storm damage around estuaries • Public access • Littoral active zones • Vegetation control • Public amenities and infrastructure These management zones are shown as a conceptual scheme in the following figure: Coastal management lines for Eden District iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE EDEN COASTLINE 1 1.2 COASTAL MANAGEMENT LINES 2 1.3 PRESCRIPTIONS IN THE ICM ACT 3 1.4 PROJECT DETAILS 5 2 IDENTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES 8 3 COASTAL MANAGEMENT LINE, DEVELOPMENT SET-BACK LINE AND COASTAL PROTECTION ZONE FOR EDEN DISTRICT 10 3.1 COASTAL MANAGEMENT LINE AND DEVELOPMENT SET-BACK LINE FOR EDEN DISTRICT 10 3.1.1 Proposed coastal management scheme 10 3.1.2 Coastal management line 10 3.1.3 EIA regulatory line 16 3.2 COASTAL PROTECTION ZONE 17 3.3 SUMMARY OF THE DELINEATION CRITERIA FOR THE CML AND CPZ 18 4 IMPLEMENTATION OF COASTAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT LINES AND ZONES IN EDEN DISTRICT 20 4.1 INTEGRATED COASTAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT SCHEME 20 4.2 IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS 21 4.2.1 Municipal zoning schemes 21 4.2.2 EIA regulations 21 4.2.3 National protected areas 22 4.3 COASTAL DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS 22 4.3.1 Types of development that require management in the coastal zone 22 4.3.2 Suggested coastal development parameters for application at municipal level 23 5 WAY FORWARD 28 5.1 PROMULGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION 28 5.2 FURTHER STUDIES AND REFINEMENTS 29 5.3 UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES 30 6 CONCLUSION 31 7 REFERENCES 32 APPENDIX A: COASTAL PROCESSES AND RISK MODELLING 33 APPENDIX B: METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINATION OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT LINES IN THE WESTERN CAPE – WEST COAST PILOT, CITY OF CAPE TOWN, AS WELL AS OVERBERG AND WEST COAST DISTRICTS 34 APPENDIX C: EIA LISTED ACTIVITIES RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT SET-BACKS 39 Coastal management lines for Eden District ii TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Overview of the Eden District 2 Figure 2: Project phases 6 Figure 3: Example of modelled risk projections 8 Figure 4: Simplified visualisation of the risk modelling methodology 9 Figure 5: Example of a development island surrounded by the CML 12 Figure 6: Example of the location of the coastal management line in developed parts of estuaries 12 Figure 7: Decision tree for the delineation of the CML and CPZ 19 Figure 8: Simplified representation of the Eden District coastal development management scheme 21 Figure 9: Conceptual structure of coastal set-back lines 34 Figure 10: Overberg District Coastal Set-Back Lines concept 35 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Description of main features informing the delineation of the CML 13 Table 2: Coastal management zones 20 Table 3: Activities that require regulation and activities that may be exempted from regulation 22 Table 4: Development parameters for application below the CML 24 Table 5: Development parameters for application in the Risk Zones 25 Coastal management lines for Eden District iii ABBREVIATIONS amsl Above mean sea level CBA Critical Biodiversity Area CML Coastal Management Line CMP Coastal Management Programme CPZ Coastal Protection Zone DEA&DP Western Cape Government’s Department of Environmental Affairs & Development Planning EIA Environmental Impact Assessment HWM High-water mark I&AP Interested and Affected Party ICM Act National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act (Act No. 24 of 2008) as amended by the National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Amendment Act (Act No. 36 of 2014) LIDAR Light detection and ranging LUMS Land Use Management Scheme MEC Member of the Executive Council NEMA National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) PSDF Western Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework SLR Sea level rise SPLUMA Spatial Planning
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