ZPRAVODAJ Prosinec 2015
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Arxiv:1710.07684V1 [Astro-Ph.EP] 20 Oct 2017 Significant Non-Gravitational Perturbations Due to the Effects of Radiation Pressure (Gray, 2015)
The observing campaign on the deep-space debris WT1190F as a test case for short-warning NEO impacts Marco Michelia,b,, Alberto Buzzonic, Detlef Koschnya,d,e, Gerhard Drolshagena,f, Ettore Perozzih,a,g, Olivier Hainauti, Stijn Lemmensj, Giuseppe Altavillac,b, Italo Foppianic, Jaime Nomenk, Noelia Sánchez-Ortizk, Wladimiro Marinellol, Gianpaolo Pizzettil, Andrea Soffiantinil, Siwei Fanm, Carolin Fruehm aESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, Largo Galileo Galilei, 1, 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy bINAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati, 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy cINAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Gobetti, 93/3, 40129 Bologna (BO), Italy dESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands eTechnical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany fSpace Environment Studies - Faculty VI, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany gDeimos Space Romania, Strada Buze¸sti75-77, Bucure¸sti011013, Romania hAgenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133 Roma (RM), Italy iEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany jESA Space Debris Office, Robert-Bosch-Straße 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany kDeimos Space S.L.U., Ronda de Pte., 19, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain lOsservatorio Astronomico “Serafino Zani”, Colle San Bernardo, 25066 Lumezzane Pieve (BS), Italy mSchool of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, 701 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Abstract On 2015 November 13, the small artificial object designated WT1190F entered the Earth atmosphere above the Indian Ocean offshore Sri Lanka after being discovered as a possible new asteroid only a few weeks earlier. At ESA’s SSA-NEO Coordination Centre we took advantage of this opportunity to organize a ground-based observational campaign, using WT1190F as a test case for a possible similar future event involving a natural asteroidal body. -
Radar Images Provide Details on Halloween Asteroid 4 November 2015
Radar images provide details on Halloween asteroid 4 November 2015 California, to transmit high-power microwaves toward the asteroid. The signal bounced off the asteroid, and its radar echoes were received by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's (NRAO) 100-meter (330-foot) Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia. The radar images achieve a spatial resolution as fine as 13 feet (4 meters) per pixel. The radar images were taken as the asteroid flew past Earth on October 31 at 1 p.m. EDT at about 1.3 lunar distances (300,000 miles, or 480,000 kilometers) from Earth. Asteroid 2015 TB145 is spherical in shape and approximately 2,000 feet (600 meters) in diameter. "The radar images of asteroid 2015 TB145 show Asteroid 2015 TB145 is depicted in eight individual radar portions of the surface not seen previously and images collected on Oct. 31, 2015 between 5:55 a.m. PDT (8:55 a.m. EDT) and 6:08 a.m. PDT (9:08 a.m. reveal pronounced concavities, bright spots that EDT). At the time the radar images were taken, the might be boulders, and other complex features that asteroid was between 440,000 miles (710,000 could be ridges," said Lance Benner of NASA's Jet kilometers) and about 430,000 miles (690,000 Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, who kilometers) distant. Asteroid 2015 TB145 safely flew past leads NASA's asteroid radar research program. Earth on Oct. 31, at 10:00 a.m. PDT (1 p.m. EDT) at "The images look distinctly different from the about 1.3 lunar distances (300,000 miles, 480,000 Arecibo radar images obtained on October 30 and kilometers). -
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A&A 598, A63 (2017) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629584 & c ESO 2017 Astrophysics Large Halloween asteroid at lunar distance?,?? T. G. Müller1, A. Marciniak2, M. Butkiewicz-B˛ak2, R. Duffard3, D. Oszkiewicz2, H. U. Käufl4, R. Szakáts5, T. Santana-Ros2, C. Kiss5, and P. Santos-Sanz3 1 Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Postfach 1312, Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Słoneczna 36, 60-286 Poznan,´ Poland 3 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) C/ Camino Bajo de Huétor, 50, 18008 Granada, Spain 4 ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany 5 Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege 15-17, 1121 Budapest, Hungary Received 25 August 2016 / Accepted 20 October 2016 ABSTRACT The near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 2015 TB145 had a very close encounter with Earth at 1.3 lunar distances on October 31, 2015. We obtained 3-band mid-infrared observations of this asteroid with the ESO VLT-VISIR instrument covering approximately four hours in total. We also monitored the visual lightcurve during the close-encounter phase. The NEA has a (most likely) rotation period of 2:939 ± 0:005 h and the visual lightcurve shows a peak-to-peak amplitude of approximately 0:12 ± 0:02 mag. A second rotation period of 4:779 ± 0:012 h, with an amplitude of the Fourier fit of 0:10 ± 0:02 mag, also seems compatible with the available lightcurve measurements. We estimate a V − R colour of 0:56 ± 0:05 mag from different entries in the MPC database. -
Halloween Asteroid a Treat for Radar Astronomers 22 October 2015, by Dc Agle
Halloween asteroid a treat for radar astronomers 22 October 2015, by Dc Agle Center, this is the closest currently known approach by an object this large until asteroid 1999 AN10, at about 2,600 feet (800 meters) in size, approaches at about 1 lunar distance (238,000 miles from Earth) in August 2027. "The trajectory of 2015 TB145 is well understood," said Paul Chodas, manager of the Center for Near Earth Object Studies at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. "At the point of closest approach, it will be no closer than about 300,000 miles—480,000 kilometers or 1.3 lunar distances. Even though that is relatively close by celestial standards, it is expected to be fairly faint, so night-sky Earth observers would need at least a small telescope to view it." This is a graphic depicting the orbit of asteroid 2015 TB145. The asteroid will safely fly past Earth slightly The gravitational influence of the asteroid is so farther out than the moon's orbit on Oct. 31 at 10:05 a.m. small it will have no detectable effect on the moon Pacific (1:05 p.m. EDT and 17:05 UTC). Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech or anything here on Earth, including our planet's tides or tectonic plates. The Center for NEO Studies at JPL is a central NASA scientists are tracking the upcoming node for NEO data analysis in NASA's Near-Earth Halloween flyby of asteroid 2015 TB145 with Object Observation Program and a key group several optical observatories and the radar involved with the international collaboration of capabilities of the agency's Deep Space Network astronomers and scientists who keep watch on the at Goldstone, California. -
Cfht-Um-Neos (Wainscoat).Key
The search for Near Earth Objects — how CFHT is helping Richard Wainscoat University of Hawaii, Institute for Astronomy Near Earth Objects Defined as objects that have perihelion less than 1.3 Astronomical Units May be asteroids or comets Largest risk is from asteroids (but impacts can be predicted well in advance Comets on elliptical orbits will have higher impact velocities, and there would be less warning time Near Earth Objects Earth impact from an asteroid (or comet) is the only natural disaster that can be prevented Pan-STARRS (on Haleakala, Maui) is helping to find dangerous asteroids and comets that may hit Earth in the future MegaCam on CFHT is being used to get rapid additional observations of these objects to characterize their orbits and size NASA funding NASA now funds Near Earth Object discovery and characterization $50 million per year The Chelyabinsk meteorite helped increase funding Operation of Pan-STARRS is funded by the NASA Near Earth Object Observation program NASA has also provided funds to help finish Pan- STARRS2 NASA funding Nearly all discovery and confirmation of Near Earth Objects comes from US-operated telescopes The major discovery telescopes were all built for other purposes All NEO discovery telescopes are threatened by light pollution There is much poorer coverage of the southern hemisphere February 15, 2013 Chelyabinsk meteorite Approximately 18 meters in diameter Approximately 9,100 tonnes 19 km/s impact velocity Exploded at an altitude of 23 km Glancing trajectory resulted in a high altitude explosion; -
Planeten Editorial 1
www.vds-astro.de ISSN 1615-0880 IV/2016 Nr. 59 Zeitschrift der Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. Schwerpunktthema: Klein- Asteroiden-Suchprojekte Telescopium Newtonianum Sonnenfinsternis am 9.3.16 Seite 8 Seite 82 Seite 100 planeten Editorial 1 Liebe Mitglieder, liebe Sternfreunde, den kleinen Planeten wird oft nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet (wann haben Sie zum Beispiel zum letzten Mal Ceres oder Vesta visuell beobachtet?), doch in der Fachgruppe Kleine Planeten der VdS ist die Positionsbestim- mung von Asteroiden das zentrale Thema. Mit entsprechender Ausrüstung und Einarbeitung können auch Amateurastronomen zur Verbesserung der Kleinplanetenbahnen beitragen oder sogar bisher unbekannte Kleinplaneten neu entdecken. Das umfangreiche Schwerpunktthema zu Kleinplaneten in diesem Heft bietet viele interessante Einblicke und Anleitungen rund um die Kleinkörper des Sonnensystems. Unser Titelbild: Welche Themen die Besucher der Bochumer Herbsttagung am 12. November „9. Mai 2016: Ab 13:10 MESZ stieg die erwarten, ist noch nicht bekannt, interessante Vorträge und manches „First Spannung ins Unermessliche: Wo am light“ sind hier aber immer garantiert, wie der Bericht zur Tagung im ver- östlichen Sonnenrand würde Merkur gangenen Jahr auf Seite 120 deutlich zeigt. Weitere Veranstaltungstermine genau erscheinen und wie deutlich würde finden Sie auf Seite 143. er sich im Lichte der Hα-Linie vor den Sonnenrandspikulen abheben? Sowohl Was bietet uns der Himmel im letzten Quartal des Jahres? Versuchen Sie doch visuell als am Monitor einer Videokamera einmal, das Minimum des Bedeckungsveränderlichen Algol zu bestimmen. war dann der Transitbeginn überraschend Die Prognosen dazu finden Sie ab Seite 130 oder bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft problemlos zu beobachten. Dass dabei für veränderliche Sterne unter www.bav-astro.eu. -
International Asteroid Warning Network Report to STSC 2016
International Asteroid Warning Network Report to STSC 2016 Lindley Johnson Program Executive / Planetary Defense Officer Science Mission Directorate NASA HQ February 16, 2016 UN Office of Outer Space Affairs Overview for NEO Commiee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Threat Response United Naons COPUOS/OOSA Inform in case of credible threat Parent Government Delegates Determine Impact me, Potenal deflecon locaon and severity mission plans Space Missions Internaonal Planning Advisory Asteroid Warning Group Network (IAWN) (SMPAG) Observers, analysts, Space Agencies and modelers… Offices Worldwide Observing Network Received ~20.6 Million Observations from 39 countries in 2015 (and one in space!) Known Near Earth Asteroid Population As of 12/31/15 13,514 Also 104 comets 1650 Potentially Hazardous Asteroids Start of Come within NASA NEO 5 million miles “Program” of Earth orbit 878 153 PHAs All statistics available at http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/ 4 Growth in Capability All statistics available at http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/ 5 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status * *Harris & D’Abramo, “The population of near-Earth asteroids”, Icarus 257 (2015) 302–312, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.004 6 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status 7 Orbit Prediction and Assessment of Impact Risk http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ http://newton.dm.unipi.it/neodys/ Parallel Websites at ESA and NASA contain all known information on discovered NEOs 8 Dispelled Asteroid Impact Hoax • Numerous blogs and web postings erroneously claimed that a large asteroid would impact Earth, sometime between Sept. 15 and 28, 2015. On one of those dates, as internet rumors speculated, there would be an impact -- "evidently" near Puerto Rico -- causing mass destruction to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and Mexico, as well as Central and South America. -
Primefocus Tri-Valley Stargazers January 2016
PRIMEFOCUS Tri-Valley Stargazers January 2016 January Meeting The History and Science of Lick Observatory Dr. Paul Lynam Lick Observatory, wholly owned and operated by the University of California, was the first astronomical observatory purpose-built at alti- tude. It demonstrated the practicality of large- scale glass substrate reflecting telescopes for research. It was the fulcrum upon which the United States pivoted to dominance in obser- Meeting Info vational astronomy at the close of the 19th What: century and the dawn 20th. This presentation The History and Science of Lick offers a little known history of James Lick, what Observatory motivated him to establish Lick Observatory and the processes and people that lead to the Who: establishment of what was for decades the Dr. Paul Lynam world’s foremost astronomical observatory, When: located in the county of Santa Clara. Even prior January 15, 2016 to completion, Lick Observatory was making Doors open at 7:00 p.m. important discoveries, developing technolo- Meeting at 7:30 p.m. gies and setting standards. It continues to train Caption: 3-meter Shane Telescope Lecture at 8:00 p.m. generations of scientists and inspire the wider at Lick Observatory. Credit: Ken public --- a role it has fulfilled for over 100 Sperber Where: years. Lick remains at the forefront of scientific Unitarian Universalist and technological advances, annually enabling over 200 Californian astronomers Church in Livermore to undertake and publish front line, cutting-edge research. Lick continues to pio- 1893 N. Vasco Road neer and has much more work to do. Some outstanding contributions from Lick’s history and current work shall be highlighted, as well as some prospects for the future. -
Aerospace Micro-Lesson
AIAA AEROSPACE MICRO-LESSON Easily digestible Aerospace Principles revealed for K-12 Students and Educators. These lessons will be sent on a bi-weekly basis and allow grade-level focused learning. - AIAA STEM K-12 Committee TRASH IN SPACE A mysterious object about six feet across is predicted to enter the atmosphere and burn up on Friday, November 13. Here are a couple of links with information on the item and the event (a quick internet search for "WT1190F" will bring up much more): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WT1190F http://www.nature.com/news/incoming-space-junk-a-scientific-opportunity-1.18642 http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2015/10/27/wt1190f_rocket_booster_will_re_e nter_on_november_13_2015.html As this piece is being written, very little is known about this object; more will likely be discovered between the writing and the reading of it. The reader is encouraged to search the internet briefly to find up-to-date information. GRADES K-2 WT1190F is a piece of space debris. That means that it is a piece of garbage orbiting high above Earth. How did it get there? (Answer: Astronauts leave debris in space when they go on missions because gravity there will not pull things down to a convenient floor for them to sweep. One astronaut lost a tool bag outside the Space Station in 2008 when it drifted away from her. Also, old rocket parts, supplies, and old equipment can all end up as space debris.) What kinds of things orbit earth? (Answer: Satellites, space stations, astronauts, rockets, the Moon, rocks, and other things.) What is “orbit”? (Answer: If something is in orbit, it means it is travelling in big circles around the earth. -
Vol. 3 No. 3 - December 2016
VOL. 3 NO. 3 - DECEMBER 2016 Editors: Michael T. Kezirian, Ph.D. Joseph Pelton, Ph.D. Tommaso Sgobba Journal of Space Safety Engineering – Vol. 3 No. 3 - December 2016 JOURNAL of SPACE SAFETY ENGINEERING Volume 3 No. 3 – December 2016 EDITORS Michael T. Kezirian, Ph.D. Tommaso Sgobba Joseph Pelton, Ph.D. The Boeing Company European Space Agency (ret.) George Washington University (ret.) University of Southern California Senior Editor Senior Editor Editor-in-Chief EDITORIAL BOARD George W. S. Abbey Joe H. Engle Isabelle Rongier National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ret.) Maj Gen. USAF (ret.) Airbus Safran Launchers Sayavur Bakhtiyarov, Ph.D. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kai-Uwe Schrogl, Ph.D. University of New Mexico Herve Gilibert European Space Agency Kenneth Cameron Airbus Space & Defense Zhumabek Zhantayev Science Applications International Corporation Jeffrey A. Hoffman, Ph.D. National Center of Space Researches and Luigi De Luca, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Technologies (NCSRT)- Kazakhstan Politecnico di Milano Ernst Messerschmid, Ph.D. University of Stuttgart (ret.) FIELD EDITORS William Ailor, Ph.D. Gary Johnson Erwin Mooij, Ph.D. The Aerospace Corporation Science Application International Corporation Delft University of Technology Christophe Bonnal Barbara Kanki John D. Olivas, PhD, PE Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ret.) University of Texas El Paso Jonathan B. Clark, M.D., M.P.H Bruno Lazare Nobuo Takeuchi Baylor College of Medicine Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Victor Chang Carine Leveau Brian Weeden Canadian Space Agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales Secure World Foundation Paul J. Coleman, Jr., Ph.D. -
Physical Characterization of the Deep-Space Debris WT1190F: a Testbed for Advanced SSA Techniques✩
Physical characterization of the deep-space debris WT1190F: a testbed for advanced SSA techniques✩ Alberto Buzzoni∗ INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3 40129 Bologna Italy Giuseppe Altavilla INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy Siwei Fan, Carolin Frueh School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, 701 W. Stadium Ave. West Lafayette, IN 47907-2045 USA Italo Foppiani INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Via Gobetti 93/3 40129 Bologna Italy Marco Micheli ESA SSA-NEO Coordination Centre, ESRIN, Frascati, Italy INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy Jaime Nomen, Noelia S´anchez-Ortiz DEIMOS Space S.L.U., Ronda de Poniente 19, 2-2, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain Abstract We report on extensive BVRcIc photometry and low-resolution (λ/∆λ 250) spectroscopy of the deep-space debris WT1190F, which impacted Earth offshore from Sri Lanka, on 2015 November∼ 13. In spite of its likely artificial origin (as a relic of some past lunar mission), the case offered important points of discussion for its suggestive connection with the envisaged scenario for a (potentially far more dangerous) natural impactor, like an asteroid or a comet. Our observations indicate for WT1190F an absolute magnitude Rc = 32.45±0.31, with a flat dependence of reflectance −1 on the phase angle, such as dR /dφ 0.007± mag deg . The detected short-timescale variability suggests that the c ∼ 2 body was likely spinning with a period twice the nominal figure of Pflash = 1.4547±0.0005 s, as from the observed lightcurve. -
The EURONEAR Lightcurve Survey of Near Earth Asteroids
Earth Moon Planets DOI 10.1007/s11038-017-9506-9 The EURONEAR Lightcurve Survey of Near Earth Asteroids 1,2,3 4 1 O. Vaduvescu • A. Aznar Macias • V. Tudor • 5 6 6 6 M. Predatu • A. Gala´d • Sˇ. Gajdosˇ • J. Vila´gi • 1,7 1 8 H. F. Stevance • R. Errmann • E. Unda-Sanzana • 8 8,9 10,11 10 F. Char • N. Peixinho • M. Popescu • A. Sonka • 12 12 12,13 14 R. Cornea • O. Suciu • R. Toma • P. Santos-Sanz • 14 2,3 2,3 A. Sota • J. Licandro • M. Serra-Ricart • 2,3 1,15 1,16 D. Morate • T. Mocnik • M. Diaz Alfaro • 1,17 1 1 F. Lopez-Martinez • J. McCormac • N. Humphries Received: 31 March 2017 / Accepted: 13 July 2017 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017 Abstract This data paper presents lightcurves of 101 near Earth asteroids (NEAs) observed mostly between 2014 and 2017 as part of the EURONEAR photometric survey using 11 telescopes with diameters between 0.4 and 4.2 m located in Spain, Chile, Slo- vakia and Romania. Most targets had no published data at the time of observing, but some objects were observed in the same period mainly by B. Warner, allowing us to confirm or improve the existing results. To plan the runs and select the targets, we developed the public Long Planning tool in PHP. For preliminary data reduction and rapid follow-up planning we developed the LiDAS pipeline in Python and IRAF. For final data reduction, flux calibration, night linkage and Fourier fitting, we used mainly MPO Canopus.