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Planeten Editorial 1 www.vds-astro.de ISSN 1615-0880 IV/2016 Nr. 59 Zeitschrift der Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. Schwerpunktthema: Klein- Asteroiden-Suchprojekte Telescopium Newtonianum Sonnenfinsternis am 9.3.16 Seite 8 Seite 82 Seite 100 planeten Editorial 1 Liebe Mitglieder, liebe Sternfreunde, den kleinen Planeten wird oft nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet (wann haben Sie zum Beispiel zum letzten Mal Ceres oder Vesta visuell beobachtet?), doch in der Fachgruppe Kleine Planeten der VdS ist die Positionsbestim- mung von Asteroiden das zentrale Thema. Mit entsprechender Ausrüstung und Einarbeitung können auch Amateurastronomen zur Verbesserung der Kleinplanetenbahnen beitragen oder sogar bisher unbekannte Kleinplaneten neu entdecken. Das umfangreiche Schwerpunktthema zu Kleinplaneten in diesem Heft bietet viele interessante Einblicke und Anleitungen rund um die Kleinkörper des Sonnensystems. Unser Titelbild: Welche Themen die Besucher der Bochumer Herbsttagung am 12. November „9. Mai 2016: Ab 13:10 MESZ stieg die erwarten, ist noch nicht bekannt, interessante Vorträge und manches „First Spannung ins Unermessliche: Wo am light“ sind hier aber immer garantiert, wie der Bericht zur Tagung im ver- östlichen Sonnenrand würde Merkur gangenen Jahr auf Seite 120 deutlich zeigt. Weitere Veranstaltungstermine genau erscheinen und wie deutlich würde finden Sie auf Seite 143. er sich im Lichte der Hα-Linie vor den Sonnenrandspikulen abheben? Sowohl Was bietet uns der Himmel im letzten Quartal des Jahres? Versuchen Sie doch visuell als am Monitor einer Videokamera einmal, das Minimum des Bedeckungsveränderlichen Algol zu bestimmen. war dann der Transitbeginn überraschend Die Prognosen dazu finden Sie ab Seite 130 oder bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft problemlos zu beobachten. Dass dabei für veränderliche Sterne unter www.bav-astro.eu. Aufgrund international um eine kleine Protuberanz zufällig in der bis zu zwei Stunden voneinander abweichender Vorhersagen lohnt ein Blick Nähe stand, war das i-Pünktchen auf dem auf diesen alten Bekannten! ganzen Event!“ Nicht verpassen dürfen Sie natürlich die Bedeckung von Aldebaran durch Mit einer USB3-Kamera war diese den Mond am Morgen des 13. Dezember. Von Niedersachsen aus wird man Aufnahmeserie in wenigen Sekunden sogar eine streifende Bedeckung beobachten können. Allerdings steht der gewonnen, so dass es keine Unschärfen Mond tief, eine gute Horizontsicht ist erforderlich; mehr dazu auf Seite 108. durch Merkurs Eigenbewegung gab. Die Aufnahmedaten: 178-mm-Christen- Oder Sie versuchen sich doch einmal an der Beobachtung eines Kleinplane- Refraktor mit SolarSpectrum Hα-Filter ten: Ende Oktober wird (1) Ceres in Opposition stehen; mit 7,4 mag Helligkeit mit HWB 0,5 Å, DERF, eff. Brennweite im Gebiet Fische/Walfisch ein leichtes Objekt im Fernglas. Bei dieser Gele- 3,5 m, ZWO ASI174MM-Kamera. 2.000 genheit lohnt auch ein Blick auf Uranus in den Fischen, der Mitte Oktober Videoframes, in AVISTACK2 zusammen- ebenfalls in Opposition steht und mit 5,7 mag theoretisch mit bloßem Auge gerechnet, wurden in Photoshop künstlich zu sehen sein wird. eingefärbt. Viele Sternstunden und einen besinnlichen Jahreswechsel mit dem Abendstern Die Redaktion gratuliert unserem Bild- Venus wünscht Ihnen autor Bernd Flach-Wilken zu diesem gelungenen „Schnappschuss“ einer ungewöhnlichen und unwiederholbaren Beobachtungssituation. Sven Melchert VdS-Journal Nr. 59 2 Inhalt SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA Die Kleinplaneten 4 ASTROFOTOGRAFIE Ein ausgedehntes Nebelfeld im Pegasus 61 1 EDITORIAL 56 Eine über Umwege generierte und mit Amateurmitteln erstellte Lichtkurve der Nova Delphini 2013 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 61 MBM 53-55, ein ausgedehntes Nebelfeld im Pegasus COMPUTERASTRONOMIE SCHWERPUNKTTHEMA: DIE KLEINPLANETEN 64 Reduc: Doppelsterne vermessen mit Lucky Imaging und Speckle-Interferometrie 4 Einführung ins Schwerpunktthema VirtualBox in der Version 5 5 Asteroidenbedrohung – was tun? 64 Programmierlogbuch 8 TOTAS – Ein Amateur-Asteroiden-Suchprojekt mit 65 dem Ein-Meter-Teleskop auf Teneriffa 65 Helicon Filter Gravity from the Ground Up: An Introductory Guide to Schülerinnen und Schüler suchen Asteroiden 66 12 Gravity and General Relativity – mit dem Pan-STARRS-Teleskop auf Hawaii 14 Kleinplaneten-Entdeckungen in Deutschland 18 Asteroidensuche 2015 und eine Begegnung ganz DEEP SKY anderer Art 68 M45 – die Plejaden in einer Gegenüberstellung Beobachtung einmal anders – Sternassoziation Kleinplanetenbeobachtung in Drebach 70 22 Perseus OB2 24 Zur richtigen Zeit am falschen Ort, oder: Was ist ein Skyguide 2016 – 3 (Herbst) „Roving Observer“? 73 27 Astrometrie mit „Astrometrica“ – Teil 1: Einrichtung des Programms und erste Schritte GESCHICHTE Neues aus der Fachgruppe Geschichte der Astronomie 32 Über Sternkataloge in der Kleinplaneten-Astronomie 76 Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig Matthiessen – ein Leben für Lichtkurven-Analyse mit Python 76 34 die Wissenschaft 39 Kosmische Begegnungen Spezial – Rückblick, Technik, Ausblick 79 Rezension: Pierre Leich: Abschlussbericht zum Simon- Marius-Jubiläum 2014 44 Zwergplaneten Von Kometen und Katastrophen: Zur Frühgeschichte der Projekt Pluto 80 48 Impakttheorien 50 Der Kleinplanet (400309) Ralfhofner 82 Teleskopium Newtonianum XXVII pedum – oder wie baue ich ein histroisches Teleskop JUGENDARBEIT FACHGRUPPENBEITRÄGE 86 Wie kann man Kinder und Jugendliche nachhaltig für die Astronomie begeistern? - Ihre Beiträge sind gefragt! AMATEURTELESKOPE/SELBSTBAU 87 Mit ASI und DMK Asteroideneinschläge simulieren 52 Bau einer Sternzeituhr mit dem Nanotracker und einer 89 Die Reiff-Preise 2015 drehbaren Sternkarte 53 Fangspiegelschutz für Gitterrohr-Dobson-Teleskope KOMETEN 91 Komet Catalina – Eigenheiten der Lichtkurve ASTROFOTOGRAFIE 54 HEUREKA – mein fotografisches Newton-Teleskop mit PLANETEN einem Öffnungsverhältnis 1:2,3 94 Der Merkur-Transit am 9. Mai 2016 VdS-Journal Nr. 59 Inhalt 3 VERÄNDERLICHE Ein Mira-Stern im Hantelnebel 110 BEOBACHTERFORUM Eine Reise zur ältesten Sternwarte Argentiniens 134 PLANETEN Der Merkur-Transit am 9. Mai 2016 94 SONNE BEOBACHTERFORUM 100 Neues aus der Fachgruppe Sonne 133 Die totale Sonnenfinsternis in Indonesien am 9. März 2016 100 Die totale Sonnenfinsternis am 09.03.2016 in Indonesien 134 Eine Reise zur ältesten Sternwarte Argentiniens und 104 Ein Bericht zur Sonnenfinsternis am 09.03.2016 in Erinnerungen an mein erstes selbstgebautes Teleskop Woleai, Mikronesien in San Juan STERNBEDECKUNGEN LESERBRIEF 107 Streifende Sternbedeckungen durch den Mond im Zu „Astrophobie als Bildungsnotstand eines Lehrers“ / 4. Quartal 2016 139 VdS-Journal Nr. 56 von Georg Woede VERÄNDERLICHE REZENSIONEN 110 Goldilocks Variable – ein Mira-Stern im Hantelnebel M 27 140 Lichtphänomene – Farbspiele am Himmel, von Claudia Hinz und Wolfgang Hinz 142 Volkssternwarten – Verbreitung und Institutionalisierung VDS-NACHRICHTEN populärer Astronomie in Deutschland 1888 – 1935, von 51 Vorstellung als neuer FG-Leiter Amateurteleskope/ Benjamin Mirwald Selbstbau 115 Wir begrüßen neue Mitglieder VORSCHAU 116 Spenden an die Vereinigung der Sternfreunde e.V. 93 Die Astronomietage 2017 und 2018 143 Vorschau auf astronomische Veranstaltungen Oktober- VDS-NOSTALGIE Dezember 2016 117 Das war’n noch Zeiten, Folge 26 116 IMPRESSION VDS-VOR-ORT/TAGUNGSBERICHTE 121 34. BoHeTa – Im Zeichen von Kometen und dem Erfahrungsaustausch mit Profi-Astronomen 122 Launch-Event der Lisa-Pathfinder-Mission – ein Erlebnisbericht HINWEISE 125 Sterne funkeln für jeden 5 Ihr Beitrag im VdS-Journal für Astronomie! 126 Der Astronomie-Workshop 2016 am Attersee 128 Neuer Treffpunkt für Amateurastronomen: Ostwest- 75 Impressum fälischer Astrostammtisch (OwAS) 66 Inserentenverzeichnis 129 BAV-Regionaltreffen im Mai 2016 in Hartha 141 Fachgruppen-Redakteure SERVICE 143 Fachgruppen-Verantwortliche 130 Himmelsvorschau Oktober-Dezember 2016 144 Autorenverzeichnis 4 Kleinplaneten Unser Schwerpunktthema: Die Kleinplaneten von Gerhard Lehmann Liebe Sternfreunde, wie doch die Zeit vergeht! Es ist schon zehn Jahre her, dass im VdS-Journal die Kleinplaneten das Schwerpunktthema wa- ren. Nun ist es wieder soweit. In diesen Jahren hat sich viel getan: Von den in der Fachgruppe „Kleine Planeten“ vertretenen 70 Amateur- und Vereins- sternwarten sind insge- samt ca. 230.000 Posi- tionen von ca. 36.500 Kleinkörpern (Abb. 1), also Kleinplaneten und Kometen, dem „Minor Planet Center“ (MPC) erfolgreich gemeldet worden. Aber die Zah- len allein sind nicht entscheidend. Von Be- 1 Gemeldete Positionen von Kleinkörpern, also Kleinplaneten und Kometen, in den letzten zehn Jahren deutung ist, was hinter aus der Fachgruppe „Kleine Planeten“ der VdS diesen Zahlen steht: Es ist unser Hobby, was uns von den Berufsastrono- men unterscheidet und uns beobachten Strichspuren in seinen lange belichteten Wenn ich jetzt Ihr Interesse geweckt lässt, wofür wir uns entscheiden. Wir Fotografien des Sternenhimmels. Auch habe, dann lesen Sie bitte die folgen- suchen Erholung und Entspannung vom die Zwergplaneten, allen voran der Plu- den Seiten umso aufmerksamer. Wir als oft harten beruflichen Alltag und erfreu- to, sind immer noch eine Beobachtung Fachgruppe „Kleine Planeten“ würden en uns am himmlischen Geschehen. wert. Manchmal erinnert man mit ei- uns über eine Beobachtung der Kleinkör- nem Kleinplaneten auch an einen lieben per im Sonnensystem freuen. Auf den folgenden Seiten spannen wir Sternfreund. den Bogen von den Berufsastronomen zu den Amateurastronomen. Längst schon hilft uns das Internet, gemein- sam die Kleinkörper im Sonnensystem zu beobachten. Schülerinnen und Schü- Einladung zur ler astrometrieren
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