International Journal for Regional Development Arema
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IJRD International Journal for Regional Development (IJRD) is a scientific, academic review covering all fields of policies, administration and management of regional and logistics affairs, including, but not limited to, business ethics, business strategy, entrepreneurship, innovation, international projects, cross- cultural studies, as well as supply chain and operations management. Vol. II. July 2020 Official Journal of AREMA – ACADEMY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT International Journal for Regional Development (IJRD - Print) ISSN 2463-7920 (IJRD - Online) ISSN 2463-7939 EDITOR IN-CHIEF Ass. Prof. Dr. Sci. Patricija Jankovič, AREMA – Academy of regional management EDITOR IN-CHIEF ASSISTANT Nadja Bezenšek INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. Sci. Vito Bobek, Austria Prof. Dr. Sci. Anton Ogorelc, Slovenia Ass. Prof. Dr. Sci. Mariola Ciszewska, Poland Dr. Sci. Tetyana Chernetska, Ukraine Prof. Dr. Sci. Borut Vojinović, Slovenia Ass. Prof. Dr. Sci. Sašo Murtič, Slovenia Ass. Prof. Dr. Sci. Matjaž Štor, Slovenia Asoc. Prof. Dr. Sci. Anita Maček, Austria Prof. Dr. Sci. Dragutin Funda, Croatia Prof. Dr. Sci. Vladimir Šimović, Croatia Prof. Dr. Sci. Milorad Čupurdija, Croatia Tunde Kallai, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest/Hungary Prof. Dr. Sci. Yuriy Chernetskiy, Ukraine LECTURE Nataša Jakob, Prof. DESIGN Project Office, Slovenia PUBLISHED BY AREMA, Academy of regional management Kidričeva ulica 28 SI - 3250 Rogaška Slatina www.arema.si [email protected] The published articles express authors' viewpoints. All articles have been triple blind peer reviewed. CONTENT EDITORIAL COMENTARY 1 Matjaž Štor Computerisation of the logistical process 2 Patricija Jankovič, Sašo Murtič The legal protection of employees, management and capital in smart industry 15 Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Rebecca Gerbec Potočnik Technological modernization of logistics in smart factories 31 Sašo Murtič, Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Patricija Jankovič, Andrej Raspor, Dragutin Funda Inter-organizational integration in logistics 50 Sašo Murtič, Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Patricija Jankovič Management of connection of railway infrastructure with industry 69 Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Admir I. Beganović, Mateja Škorc Materials input management in a manufacturing company 88 Drago Cvijanović, Nemanja Pantić Sustainability of tourism as the factor of economic development 112 Mateja Škorc, Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Drago Cvijanović, Sašo Murtič, Rebecca Gerbec Potočnik, Patricija Jankovič, Melanija Sovič Water iN focus of development of environment, nature, man and his goods 122 Sašo Murtič, Ingrid Franko Uhernik, Lea Marija Colarič Jakše, Milorad Ćupurdija Management of intellectual capital in the process of performing tourism 152 activities APENDIX Marko Hrženjak, Measures for reduction of road traffic accidents 173 EDITORIAL COMENTARY Dear colleagues, even in these unpleasant and dangerous times of pandemic crises the academic and research spirit did not bend the knee to the virus. We kept on researching and writing even with more passion and momentum. Vol. II of the IJRD is presenting the latest thinking and research on topics such as legal protection, sustainability, new technologies and modern management. And as we did it before, we still are cordially inviting professionals, academics and researchers to join us as international editorial members as well as researchers who would like to publish their original scientific research work and projects. Looking forward to cooperate with you Dr. Patricija Jankovič Editor In-chief 1 Matjaž Štor1 COMPUTERISATION OF THE LOGISTICAL PROCESS Abstract: The globalisation has brought many changes to the whole world, to Europe as well as to Slovenia. As far as contemporary business is considered, companies cannot imagine to work without information technologies. In the last decade, the development and progress of such technologies has been very rapid, which is also reflected in acceleration of computerisation of logistics processes within the organisations. Recently, the importance of informatics in logistics has still been growing because of the management that expects nothing less from the logistics than accurate information at any time. Gradually, logistics is growing over the company’s strategic function, and this is why it has to overcome new challenges every day. Therefore, the vision of required information, that contemporary logistics is going to have to provide according to the needs of the management, is going to be presented in this article. Principally, logistics will have to provide information on the basis of commissions and payments in organisations; furthermore the field of information exchange throughout the whole supply chain is of high importance. The highest level of IT support in logistics processes in supply chains is undoubtedly going to be connecting individual IT systems and therefore creating an integral IT system. Key words: computerisation, globalisation, integration, IT systems, logistics processes, supply chain, strategic management. 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, in order to achieve, maintain an sustain advantage over competition either on local or on global markets, each company must optimise its business 1 Author's biographical notes Ass. Prof. Dr. Sci. Matjaž Štor is the logistic manager in a big Slovenian company. His professional training is carried out in the context of the company, where he was employed. As a contractor is working with some of the higher education institutions in Slovenia as a docent and volume objects in the field of Business Logistics, Strategic Development, Strategic management and organization. His research findings are implemented in his daily work and are published in scientific journals, higher education and university textbooks, and take part in the domestic, foreign, professional and scientific conferences. He is a mentor of many diplomas at higher education institutions with which he cooperates for many years. Institution/affiliation: ŠTORE STEEL d.o.o., Železarska c. 3, 3220 Štore Contact: [email protected] 2 performance in all its business processes, meaning in the aspect of all the company’s business functions. As one of the business functions that contributes to competitive advantages on the market, logistics, at least as far as computerisation is concerned, is the one advantage that can secure more optimal and profitable business performance. By computerising the logistics processes, costs can be diminished and quality of business performance can be improved already in the medium run. Therefore, each company must establish an organisational structure, which is going to enable as rational and as economical business performance as possible. Consequently, the company intends to search its success and the success of its logistics function alongside strategic planning process, that should be in accordance to the future visions of the company. What is important is that the organisation of the logistics function is going to be dealt with properly, if and only if it sustains its connecting characteristics towards fundamental business functions. All logistics tasks should be carried out in the competence of logistics. Logistics becomes the central service area of the business system with proper responsibility considering time and place adjustments of the material and products flow in accordance to the internal demands and demands on the market of the business system. Simultaneously, with this feature it becomes an important instrument for planning, steering and controlling, used and needed for the whole business system. (Oblak 1997, pages 53-54) Not long ago, most companies were treating logistics as a supporting activity, which ensures lower costs when providing the next five criteria (the so-called ˝5P˝): proper material, in proper quantity, proper quality, at the proper time and proper place. There are new problems to be tackled by the logistic professionals, due to the development in global economy, globalisation and the changes in the conditions on the market that it has brought with it. The most important factors are the supply of various products in competitive markets, the demand to deliver smaller amounts just in time, the possibility to track the products (e.g. cold chain by the ˝HACCP˝ standard in accordance to food industry), the correct purchase planning and the ability to communicate with one’s suppliers and customers qualitatively (˝CMR˝). However, the precondition for all the factors is making sure that quality information on each and every occurrence in the logistics chain is provided. (Logožar 2002, page 8) The increased demand for logistics services is determined by reduction of the production depth. Based on this, the question about one’s logistics range tightens even more. By handing over the logistics services to external partners, it can be contributed to achieving collective positive effects. Despite the fact that involving external suppliers causes bigger changes in IT flows. Based on all the references given, company’s IT system has to be improved. (Ogorelc 2001, page 17) 3 In many companies, informatics is still discussed as an expense and not many have realised its competitive advantage. Many theories suggest that investing in new technology brings growth to the company. By improving IT systems, there is a possibility that companies may experience lower logistics costs and succeed in shortening the delivery time. The main step that managerial structures must take in