The Impact of the Israeli Occupation Wall on The

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The Impact of the Israeli Occupation Wall on The THE IMPACT OF THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION WALL ON THE URBAN GROWTH OF JERUSALEM MASTER THESIS SUBMITTED BY THE STUDENT: HUSNI SALAH QURT SUPERVISION: Dr. KASSEM EGBARIA DECEMBER, 2006 THE IMPACT OF THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION WALL ON THE URBAN GROWTH OF JERUSALEM تأثير الجدار الحتللي السرائيلي على المتداد العمراني لمدينة القدس PREPARED BY: HUSNI SALAH QURT (1025305) 5.12.2006 SUPERVISION: DR. KASSEM EGBARIA JURY MEMBER: DR. JAMAL AMRO - MEMBER. JURY MEMBER: DR. SALEM THWABEH - MEMBER. SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER DEGREE IN URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN FROM THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AT BIRZEIT UNIVERSITY PALESTINE. DECEMBER /5TH /2006 THE IMPACT OF THE ISRAELI OCCUPATION WALL ON THE URBAN GROWTH OF JERUSALEM تأثير الجدار الحتللي السرائيلي على المتداد العمراني لمدينة القدس PREPARED BY: HUSNI SALAH QURT SUPERVISOR & HEAD OF JURY COUNCIL: DR. KASSEM EGBARIA MEMBER OF JURY COUNCIL: DR. JAMAL M. AMRO MEMBER OF JURY COUNCIL: DR. SALEM THWABEH DISCUSSED IN: DECEMBER /5TH /2006 i الهداء إلى والداي اللذان سانداني أثناء دراستي إلى زوجتي التي تعبت وتحملت وسهرت الليالي إلى جانبي إلى الدكتور قاسم اغبارية مشرفي الذي كان معي دائما متفهما ومعطاءا الى كل من أعان وساعد في إعداد هذه الرسالة إليهم أهدي هذا العمل المتواضع Acknowledgements To my parents who supported me throughout my study To my wife who stood beside me To my supervisor Dr. Kassem Egbaria To everyone who helped or contributed to this thesis I dedicate this work ii ملخص إن الهدف من هذه الرسالة هو دراسة تأثير الجييدار الحتللييي علييى القييدس الشييرقية. إن الهمييية الجتماعييية والقتصييادية والدينييية لمدينيية القييدس يضييعها فييي مكانيية متميييزة فييي حييياة كييل ميين الفلسييطينيين والعييرب والمسييلمين. يييأتي الجييدار الحتللييي فييي القييدس اسييتمرارا للسياسييات السرائيلية القائمة منذ عيام 1948، والييتي تهييدف إليى احتلل الرض مييع أقييل عيدد ممكين مين السكان الفلسطينيين وبالتالي الحفيياظ علييى التفييوق الييديمغرافي للمسييتعمرين اليهييود السييرائيليين على السكان الصليين الفلسطينيين. من أجل القيام بهذه الدراسة، ونظرا لمحدودية الوقت والموارد، تمت دراسة حالة دراسية واحدة تقع ضمن مدينة القدس وهييي قرييية أبييو ديييس. وميين أجييل أن تكييون هييذه الرسييالة محايييدة، غييير منحييازة، ذات مصييداقية، تييم القيييام بييالبحث باسييتخدام السييلوب العلمييي واسييتعمال تقنييية إسييقاط التوجهات (Trends Projection)، وذلك من خلل اسييتعمال جميييع المعلومييات الييديموغرافيه والجتماعية - القتصادية والبيئيه والفيزيائيية، مين اجيل صيياغه وتقييييم اتجياه النميو الحضييري لقرية ابو ديس. تييم القيييام بهييذا البحييث علييى مرحلييتين : الولييى هييي حسيياب مسيياحة الراضييي المطلوبيية للنمييو الحضري ، وثانيها ، اسقاط موقع هذه الراضي المستقبلي. إن التحليل الحيزي لنظييم المعلومييات الجغرافية الجغرافية (GIS Spatial analysis) يأتي هنا بوصفه أداة رئيسية يستخدمها الباحث في هذه الرسالة. نتييائج هييذا البحييث يمكيين تلخيصييها بمييا يلييي: إن الجييدار الحتللييي يقتطييع أكييثر ميين 60 ٪ ميين الراضي اللزمة للنمو الحضري لبو ديس، ول يترك السكان المحليييون مناصييا سييوى التوسييع على حساب الراضي الزراعية والتي هي المورد الطبيعي الوحيد في القريية. أو بيدل مين ذلييك، التوسع في المناطق غير المناسبة للنمو الحضري، مما يضع العباء المالية على السييكان أنفسييهم وعلى مقدمى الخدمات المحليين من ماء وكهرباء وبنية تحتية. كل هذا يشجع على الهجرة خييارج iii القرية، ويساهم بشكل مباشر في السياسات السييرائيلية فييي مدينيية القييدس، والييتي تهييدف للحفيياظ على التفوق الديموغرافي لليهودي السرائيليين المستعمرين على السكان الصليين الفلسطينيين. iv Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of the occupation wall on East Jerusalem. The socio-economical and religious importance of Jerusalem city gives it a unique place in the lives of all Palestinians, Arabs and Muslims. The occupation wall in Jerusalem comes as a continuation to existing Israeli policies since 1948, aiming at occupying the maximum land with the minimum number of Palestinian inhabitants, and maintaining the demographic superiority of Jewish Israeli colonists over Palestinian original inhabitants. In order to carry on this study, and due to limited time and resources, a single case study (Abu-Dis Village) within Jerusalem is studied. In order to be as unbiased as possible, the research is approached scientifically using a trends projection technique, integrating all aggregated demographic and socio- economic information with disaggregated environmental and physical datasets in order to formulate and evaluate urban growth trend of Abu Dis village. The research is carried out on two stages: first calculating the land area needed for urban growth, and second, forecasting the allocation this land area. GIS spatial analysis comes in as a major tool used by the researcher in this thesis. The findings of this research can be summarized by the following: The Occupation wall is cutting off more than 60% of land required for urban growth for Abu-Dis, leaving the local inhabitants with no choice but to expand on the expense of agricultural land – the only natural resource in the village. Or alternatively, to expand v in non-suitable urban growth areas, putting heavy financial burdens on the inhabitants themselves and on the local service providers. All this is encouraging emigration out of the village, and contributing to the Israeli policies in Jerusalem city; to maintain the demographic superiority of Jewish Israeli colonists over Palestinian original inhabitants. Table of contents: CHAPTER 1 : Introduction:............................................................................................1 1.1 Main Argument............................................................................................................1 1.2 The Gap 2 1.3 Main Objective.............................................................................................................2 1.4 Main Factors and actors................................................................................................2 1.5 Approach and Methodology.........................................................................................3 1.5.1 Approach..................................................................................................3 1.5.2 Methodology:...........................................................................................3 1.5.2.1 International institutions, such as:...........................................................4 1.5.2.2 Governmental and formal sources such as:.............................................4 1.5.2.3 Semi formal sources,...............................................................................4 1.5.2.4 Private sector resources, such as..............................................................4 1.6 Research contents:........................................................................................................5 1.7 Limitations: 6 CHAPTER 2 : Israeli Policies and the Occupation Wall :...............................................8 2.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................................8 2.2 Palestine through history – General background:........................................................8 2.3 East Jerusalem – Context............................................................................................12 2.3.1 Importance of Jerusalem........................................................................12 2.3.2 Historical urban characteristics of Jerusalem........................................14 2.3.3 Israeli Policies in Jerusalem...................................................................15 2.3.3.1 Stabilization of Jewish-Arab demographic proportions:.......................16 2.3.3.2 Location of new Jewish Colonies :........................................................24 2.3.3.3 Expansion of the economic base of the city..........................................28 2.4 The occupation wall:..................................................................................................30 2.4.1 East Jerusalem a separated city:............................................................30 2.4.2 Beginning of the wall:...........................................................................31 2.4.3 The Jerusalem occupation wall (Jerusalem envelope)...........................31 2.4.4 Other Segments of the occupation wall:................................................36 2.4.5 Wall description and effects:.................................................................36 2.5 Conclusion: 39 CHAPTER 3 : Theoretical Base....................................................................................40 3.1 Introduction:...............................................................................................................40 3.2 Definitions of planning:..............................................................................................41 3.3 Main assumption – population growth:......................................................................41 3.4 Need for future urban growth planning:.....................................................................42 3.4.1 Urban Sprawl.........................................................................................43 3.5 Future urban growth predicting approach:.................................................................44 3.5.1 The rational decision theory and Spatial Scenario Planning Approach:44 3.5.2 Trends Projection:..................................................................................46 3.6 Conclusion: 49 CHAPTER 4 : Methodology..........................................................................................51 4.1
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