A look at our community — including new census information

JACKSON HOLE

2011 EDITION

Fundamentals of the Teton County economy

Housing, land use, recreation; what is the makeup of Jackson Hole

Directory of valley’s movers and shakers We know it’s more than just a house. It’s your future.

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2 Jackson Hole Compass OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS N O N - P R O F I T ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS C O M M U N I T Y AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON- PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT THIS COMMUNITY AND ITS NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS OUR AGENTS SUPPORT 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Contents 2011 EDITION 6 Overview 35 Education jhcompass.com PUBLISHERS 8 Extremes 39 Government Michael Sellett, Elizabeth McCabe ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER 10 Geography 41 Philanthropy Kevin Olson MANAGING EDITOR 12 Demographics 44 Recreation Angus M. Thuermer CONTRIBUTING EDITOR 14 Agriculture 49 Social Services Jonathan Schechter ART DIRECTOR 17 Arts 52 Transportation Kathryn Palagonia PHOTO EDITOR 20 Economy 55 Region Bradly J. Boner Tourism CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS 58 Peer Comparison Price Chambers Real Estate CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Johanna Love 30 Housing 62 Directory/Glossary Katy Niner Thomas Dewell Cara Rank Sarah Reese A tool to navigate Jackson Hole Jennifer Dorsey I first moved to Jackson Hole in 1983, when Brandon Zimmerman the county’s population was 10,653 and its per Kelsey Dayton capita income was $17,581. Cory Hatch I didn’t know that; I didn’t really care. In 1983, DIRECTOR OF SALES & MARKETING being a UPS driver was considered a good job, Kate Sollitt because it was year-round and paid benefits. I didn’t care about that either. The only infor- AD DESIGN & PRODUCTION mation about the community that seemed to Caryn Wooldridge matter was the weather, finding a cheap place Stacey Oldham to live, and knowing who was having a party. Lydia Wanner Audrey Williams Today, the population has just about dou- bled: According to the Census, in 2010 Teton ADVERTISING SALES County’s population was 21,294. Adjusted for Karen Brennan inflation, the per capita income has almost Viki Cross quadrupled, making Teton County one of the nity might affect its future. Amy Golightly wealthiest in the nation. And as befits such Adam Meyer wealth, a good job is now considered to be This desire to understand and explain it is working for a hedge fund. shared by my organization, the Charture In- ACCOUNT COORDINATOR stitute, and by the publishers, editors and staff Meredith Faulkner I care about this sort of stuff now, in part be- of the Jackson Hole News&Guide. So we have cause I’m a data geek. But the main reason teamed up to produce this inaugural issue of CIRCULATION is that when I came to the Tetons, the place the Jackson Hole Compass. Corry Koski struck me like a thunderbolt. Pat Brodnik As Jackson Hole has grown and changed, it Gary Bourassa Like so many others, I care deeply about has become increasingly sophisticated and Kyra Griffin Jackson Hole; like so many others, I take prominent on the global stage. A project that great pride in sharing this place. And like so might once have been done on a gut feeling and OFFICE MANAGER many others, I hope future generations have handshake now requires more — something Kathleen Godines the chance to be touched by the Tetons in the grounded in the facts that convey just what an same way I have been. extraordinary corner of the world we occupy. ON THE COVER Charture attempts to capture and share this Town of Jackson Which is why I focus on data, because information, so does the News&Guide. It’s a Photograph by Bradly J. Boner natural extension of both organizations’ ef- it’s the best tool I know for making sense forts to take an annual snapshot of Jackson ©2011 Jackson Hole Compass of Teton County and Jackson Hole. To Hole’s many facets and to share that picture Additional copies available for $2.95 each. make sense of my community, I need with those who, in their own way, have been Bulk discount available. something more than passion alone. struck by the Jackson thunderbolt. We hope Jackson Hole News&Guide Facts help me know not just where Jack- you enjoy our effort. son Hole has been and where it is, but P.O. Box 7445, 1225 Maple Way how and why it’s changing, where it Jackson, WY 83002 (307) 733-2047 might be going, and how we as a commu- Jonathan Schechter FAX: (307) 733-2138, www.jhnewsandguide.com 4 Jackson Hole Compass Elk Fest & Old West Days Jackson Hole Fall Arts Festival Jackson Hole - Destination Wellness May 21-22 & 27-31, 2011 September 8-18, 2011 September 24-October 2, 2011 Respecting the Power of Place: A Commitment to Our Economy, Community, and Environment.

Respecting the power of our place is realizing that not only are our economy, community, and environment what makes Jackson Hole special, but being aware that the three are interrelated. Whether you’re currently a resident of Jackson Hole, organizing a relocation, or planning a short vacation, connect with the Jackson Hole Chamber of Commerce and connect to the power of Jackson Hole.

307.733.3316 • [email protected] www.jacksonholechamber.com Overview

COURTESY ROBERT TURNER Guests at the Triangle X Ranch head out for a trail ride in the late 1940s in Grand Teton National Park. Jackson Hole is entering terra incognita. slowdown did not hit Jackson Hole as hard both cases what once was Jackson Hole’s To understand why, we first need to un- as it might have (e.g. between 1930-1960, economic driver has become relegated to a Teton County’s population grew by half). lesser role. derstand where we’ve been. Why go into all this? Because if you di- In the 1960s Jackson Hole’s shift from vide Jackson Hole’s past 40 years into two Broadly speaking, the evolution of Jack- agriculture to tourism was accelerated equal periods — the first 20 powered by its son Hole’s economy can be divided into by two events: overall growth in national third- generation economy, and the latter 20 four generations. park visitation, and the opening of the powered by its fourth-generation economy Jackson Hole Ski Area. These ushered in — one constant just under the surface has The first generation was hunter-gatherer, 20 boom years for tourism, the period in been the extraordinary 40-year run of Jack- typified by the American Indians and fur son Hole’s building trades. trappers for whom Jackson Hole was a sum- which Jackson Hole developed its repu- mer home. tation as a resort community. However, by the mid-1980s, tourism growth had Between 1970 and 2010, Teton County’s pop- ulation more than tripled, growing at a com- The second generation was agriculture. This slowed, so much so that the community lobbied the Wyoming Legislature to pass pounded average rate of 3.8 percent. During started in the 1890s with the valley’s first per- that same time, its housing stock more than manent settlement, peaked in the middle of a lodging tax to promote tourism, a step the community never before deemed nec- quintupled, growing at a compounded av- the 20th century, and continues at a much- erage rate of 4.8 percent. Sure there were reduced level today. essary. some slow times: During the 1990s, popu- Tourism eclipsed lation grew faster than housing. But even The third generation was value added. In lo- during that slowest of decades, Teton Coun- cales well-suited for shipping, “value added” While the lodging tax was eventually enact- ty’s housing stock grew by an average of 217 means taking second-generation raw mate- ed, tourism’s importance to Jackson Hole’s homes each year. rials (agricultural products, timber, miner- economic growth was eclipsed by the rise of als, and the like) and turning them into a Teton County’s fourth generation economy: But here’s the thing. Combined, the Town of manufactured product. In an isolated valley investments and professional services. As Jackson and Teton County have not issued technology improved, the economy evolved like Jackson Hole, however, “value added” 217 new residential building permits since became tourism: dude ranches at first, then and work patterns shifted, it become in- 2004. More ominously, in 2010 the number of summer visitors to the national parks, and creasingly easier, more acceptable and new residential building permits issued fell finally skiers in the winter. even fashionable to do white-collar work below 100 for the first time in decades. from places like Jackson Hole. As a result, Nationwide, agriculture began a slow de- by the end of the 1990s, the engine driving Now factor in this reality. As this essay is cline following World War II, affecting small Jackson Hole’s economy had shifted from written, the town and county governments rural counties especially hard (e.g. between third generation activities to fourth genera- are re-writing the comprehensive land use 1930 and 1960, Lincoln County lost one-sixth tion ones. plan. However it ends up, it’s hard to imag- of its population; Teton County, Idaho lost ine Teton County ever being home to more a quarter). Fortunately for Teton County, This isn’t to say tourism wasn’t still im- than 30,000 people. Wyo. its second-generation agricultural portant to Jackson Hole’s economy: it was, economy was balanced by its third-gener- and is, just as agriculture is still important Consider the implications of that by doing ation tourism economy, so the agricultural to the community’s character. However, in a little math. According to the 2010 Census, 6 Jackson Hole Compass ranches were established. Louis Joy began Still attractive welcoming guests to the JY Ranch in 1908, and the Bar B C was established in 1911.

after all these With development came controversy. There was a rodeo and horse racing track near years Taggart Lake, dance halls, gas stations and By Johanna Love cabin courts growing up near Jenny Lake.

For hundreds if not thousands of years, “Some felt that was going to damage the Jackson Hole has been a haven. Members character of the valley,” Lytjen said. of the Sheepeater tribe were early resi- dents and the valley also was a traditional Grand Teton National Park was formed in hunting and spiritual ground for the Eastern 1929, though it included only the mountain Shoshone and Bannock tribes, chain and the lakes at its base. Through cades more. The state’s first ski area, Snow the work of Horace Albright, who interested King Resort, opened in 1939, and Jackson “For many years we thought no one over- John D. Rockefeller Jr. who surreptitiously Hole Mountain Resort opened in 1965. wintered here, said Lokey Lytjen, direc- bought 35,000 acres on the valley floor, tor of the Jackson Hole Historical Society which eventually was incorporated into After World War II, families began motoring and Museum, “but there is actually some Grand Teton National Park. through the valley on vacations and “motor archaeological evidence to say [Sheepeat- court” hotels began to spring up. ers] did stay.” “It was one of the most significant events in our history,” Lytjen said. “It really shaped Fur trappers came next, followed by scientific Jackson Hole still enchants, although it fac- explorers and, finally, settlers. Congress’ es- how Jackson Hole developed and the char- es challenges. “How do we balance all the tablishment of Yellowstone National Park in acter it had after that land was set aside.” competing interests in the valley,” Lytjen 1872 helped start the tourism era. asks. Starving elk, usurped by development, led “You have people coming in to hunt and fish, residents to advocate for the National Elk “You still have people coming in for recre- like President Chester Arthur,” Lytjen said. Refuge in the early 1900s. ation: hunting, fishing, biking, floating the river,” Lytjen said. “People care about the Shortly after the turn of the century, dude The winter economy wasn’t developed for de- wildlife, like they did in the early days.”

Teton County was home to 21,294 people that has been the core of the community’s come a different place, one with fewer folks and 12,813 homes, an average of 1.66 peo- middle class for over a generation. What to volunteer and otherwise get involved in ple/home. Do a bit more math and, at 1.66 cars were to Detroit, construction has been the warp-and-woof at the core of the com- people per home, 30,000 people will mean to Jackson Hole. And not only have we nev- munity. There won’t be enough wealthy around 18,000 homes or roughly 5,000 more er been in this situation before, we have no folks to fill the void, and those folks who do than today. To put that number in perspec- idea what to do about it. Hence terra incog- have jobs will find their lower-paying work tive, consider the average number of homes nita. requires them to put in more hours, leaving built annually during each of the past four them fewer hours to put back into the com- decades: What’s clear is this: Tourism can’t fill the munity. That, in turn, will ripple through void nor can retail. While both of these sec- all facets of life in Jackson Hole; not chang- 1970s – 2,899 tors rank among the valley’s biggest em- ing things on the surface necessarily, but 1980s – 2,166 ployers, both provide mostly low-end jobs. clearly altering everything from the com- 1990s – 3,207 Good for employment statistics, but not so munity’s politics to its non-profits. 2000s – 2,546 good for paying the mortgage on a middle- class home. Just as ranching hasn’t completely disap- In other words, if we continue to build peared from Jackson Hole, neither will homes at the same as we have during the No state income tax the building trades. Local architects and past four decades, by 2030 Teton County What’s also clear is that, despite the decline engineers will find non-local work to com- will essentially be built out. Yet because of its building trades, over the next sev- plement their jobs, and there will always of the economic slowdown, it’s clear that eral years Jackson Hole will become much be construction in the valley. But barring we’ll not see that amount of building oc- wealthier. Why? an extraordinary set of circumstances — curring again for a long, long time, if ever. which would have to include significantly At the risk of slipping into hyperbole, what Why? One reason is that a primary goal of weakened regulations for both developers we’re looking at is the impending collapse wealthy people is capital preservation; the and bankers — it seems likely that the gold- of the community’s building-related trades; en age of Jackson Hole’s building trades other is that both the federal and state gov- not just for a while, but for good. Which in came to an end with the financial meltdown ernments will soon raise taxes on the rich. turn will mean the collapse of an economic of 2008, if not earlier. sector which has, over the last decade, em- As a result, increasing numbers of wealthy ployed an average of 15 percent of our work- people will look to relocate to states like While we’ll never romanticize construc- force. And that’s just nail-bangers alone. Wyoming where there is no income tax. tion workers as we do cowboys, it’s likely Figure that each construction job generates And where in Wyoming will wealthy people the decline of the building trades will prove another job in some related sector (archi- look to move? To the place that’s already to be far more significant to the valley’s tects or engineers or finance officials), and home to Wyoming’s biggest concentration socio-economic history than the decline of what we’re looking at is the collapse of an of wealth: Jackson Hole. ranching. This is because, while both in- economic sector that accounts for around a dustries’ boom years lasted about as long, third of the valley’s jobs, and an even higher Between tourism and the influx of wealth, ranching was never the foundation for a percentage of its wages. Jackson Hole will not suffer the sort of eco- thriving middle class. The building trades nomic collapse experienced by other areas have been, and how the community adjusts And here is where Jackson Hole is enter- that have seen their core industries dry up. to the reality of their collapse will be a key ing terra incognita: Over he next few years, However, unless those middle class build- element shaping the next chapter of Jack- we’re looking at the decline of the sector ing trades jobs can be replaced, we will be- son Hole’s history. Jackson Hole Compass 7 Extremes

NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER Paul Milner crests the Golden Staircase of the Exum Ridge while climbing the Grand Teton on warm, sunny day. The Grand — at 13,770 feet, the highest peak in Teton County — represents the wild ruggedness of the area that attracts millions of visitors each year and with which so many Jackson residents identify. Perhaps the best way to understand Teton County is to realize it Number of vehicles registered in Teton County in 2010: 32,268 is a place of extremes: in topography and climate, in education Number of recreational visits in 2010 to Grand Teton and Yellowstone national and wealth, in beauty and passion. Here are some extreme things parks: 2,682,572; 3,640,184 about an extreme place: Members of the 1920 Jackson Town Council, the first all-woman city govern- ment in America: Grace Miller (mayor), Mae Deloney, Rose Crabtree, Faustina NATURAL WORLD Haight and Genevieve Van Vleck Highest point: Grand Teton, elevation 13,770 feet First recorded party to ascend the Grand Teton: William Owen, Franklin Spald- Lowest point: Snake River as it leaves southern Teton County, elevation ing, Frank Petersen, John Shive, Aug. 11, 1898 5,800 feet First party to complete the Cathedral Traverse (Teewinot, Mount Owen and Highest recorded temperature: 98°F, Aug. 19, 1981 Grand Teton): Willi Unsoeld, Richard Pownall, Pete Schoening, summer 1959 Lowest recorded temperate: -63°F, Jan. 1, 1979 First person to descend the Grand Teton on alpine skis: Bill Briggs, June 16, 1971

Greatest recorded snowfall at 9,000 feet during the ski season: 558 inches First person to descend the Grand Teton on telemark skis: Rick Wyatt, June 11, 1982 during the 2010-11 season First to descend the Grand Teton on snowboard: Stephen Koch, June 9, 1989 1990, 2000 and 2010 estimated population counts for the Jackson Elk Herd, the largest elk herd in the world: 15,212; 14,179; 11,976 Vertical rise of the aerial tram at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, which has the longest continual vertical rise of any ski lift in North America: 4,139 feet Age of the Teton Range, the youngest range of mountains in the U.S.: No older than 10 million years, perhaps as young as 3 million years First year of the Jackson Town Square Shoot-out Gang, the longest continu- ously running gunfight re-enactment in the world: 1957 Percentage of Teton County land managed by the federal government: 97 percent Number of Jackson Hole restaurants on the Chef2Chef.net list of America’s Acreage of the National Elk Refuge, the largest established wildlife refuge in Top 100 Restaurants: 1 (Snake River Grill) the U.S.: 24,700 Jackson Hole’s overall rank and per capita rank on this chef’s list: 8 (tie); 1 Distance from the nearest improved road to the Thorofare valley, located in northeast Teton County, the most remote spot in the lower 48 states (the Jackson’s American Legion Post #43 building completed, longest continuous place farthest from an improved road): approximately 26 miles use in the nation: 1929

HUMAN WORLD Number of hotels in America that won both the AAA 5 Diamond and Mobil 5 Star award in 2011: 34 1990, 2000 & 2010 Census count of Teton County residents: 11,172; 18,251; 21,294 Number of such hotels in Jackson Hole: 1 (Four Seasons) 8 Jackson Hole Compass HUMAN WORLD, CONTINUED Amount of per capita charitable giving in 2000 through the Marin Community Foundation in Marin County, Calif., which ranked second in per capita dona- Number of years since the Jackson Hole News&Guide came into existence: 10 tions: $177 Number of times the Jackson Hole News&Guide has won “Best Weekly” news- 1990 and 2000 Teton County median single-family home price and rank among paper award from the National Newspaper Association: 5 all 3,140 U.S. counties: $131,400, $365,400; 99, 10 NATIONAL PARKS 1990 to 2000 dollar increase in median single-family home price and rank Year that Yellowstone National Park, the world’s oldest national park, was among all 3,140 U.S. counties: $234,000; 4 established: 1872 1990 to 2000 percentage increase in median single-family home price and rank Location of the largest concentration of geysers in the world: Upper Geyser among all 3,140 U.S. counties: 178 percent; 4 Basin at Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park VITAL STATISTICS Elevation of Yellowstone Lake, the largest high-altitude lake (higher than 1990-2010 percentage growth in population and rank among all 3,140 U.S. 7,000 feet) in the country: 7,733 feet counties: 91 percent; 101 Site of the largest log structure in the world: Old Faithful Inn in Yellowstone Park 1990 and 2000 percentages of residents ages 25 and older with a bachelor’s MONEY degree (or higher) and ranks among all 3,140 U.S. counties: 30 percent, 46 Teton County 2004-2008 mean adjusted gross income per tax return: $90,313; percent; 104; 26 $108,171; $104,840; $126,998; $142,109 1990 to 2000 absolute increase in percentage of residents with a bachelor’s Teton County’s annual rank among all 3,140 U.S. counties in those years: 7, 2, 5, 2, 1 degree (or higher) and rank among all 3,140 U.S. counties: 15.8 percent; 3 Teton County’s 2004-2008 mean adjusted gross income per tax return 2000 Teton County marriage rate (per 100,000 population): 30.2 exemption (i.e. per capita income): $51,097; $60,770; $58,166; $69,983; 2000 U.S. and Wyoming marriage rates: 8.5, 10 $77,655 Number of times greater Teton County’s marriage rate was than U.S. and Teton County’s annual rank among all 3,140 U.S. counties in those years: 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 Wyoming rates: 3.6, 3 Teton County 1995 mean number of exemptions per tax return: 1.77, 1.78, 2000 Teton County suicides as percent of all deaths: 6.8 percent 1.80, 1.81, 1.83 2000 U.S. and Wyoming suicides as percent of all deaths: 1.2 percent, 2.1 percent Teton County’s annual rank from the bottom among all 3,140 U.S. counties in those years: 16, 15, 16, 18, 41 Number of times greater Teton County’s suicide proportion was than U.S. and Wyoming proportions: 5.6, 3.2 2008 proportion of Teton County’s total adjusted gross income from “other” sources (e.g., capital gains) and estimated rank among all 3,140 U.S. counties: 2000 Teton County unintentional injury deaths (non-motor vehicle related) as 51 percent, 1 percent of all deaths: 12.3 percent Amount of Teton County’s per capita charitable giving through the Community 2000 U.S. and Wyoming unintentional injury deaths as percent of all deaths: Foundation of Jackson Hole in 2000: $442 2.3 percent, 2.1 percent Rank of Teton County’s per capita charitable giving among the 600-plus commu- Number of times greater Teton County’s unintentional injury deaths proportion nity foundations across the country in 2000: 1 was than U.S. and Wyoming proportions: 5.4, 5.8

Jackson Hole Compass 9 Geography PUBLIC LAND OWNERSHIP PRIVATE LAND OWNERSHIP 2,619,000 total acres 76,837 total acres Numbers in percentages Numbers in percentages 1 .5 5 12 13 10 22 1 2

42 3 29

34

83 34

10

Bridger-Teton National Forest Rest of Jackson Hole Valley Residential - developled Targhee National Forest Town of Jackson Commercial Yellowstone National Park Alta Residential - agricultural JDR Parkway Buffalo Valley Conservation Grand Teton National Park Residential - vacant Other federal agencies State of Wyoming

Source: TETON COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT Source: TETON COUNTY PLANNING DEPARTMENT RECORD PRECIPIATION ELK IN JACKSON HOLE HERD In inches From 1994 to 2010 20,000 January - 1969

February - 1962

March - 1995

15,000 April - 1963

May - 1980

June - 1967 10,000

July - 1993

August - 1983

September - 1961 5,000

October - 1972

November - 1988

December - 1964 1994 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 12345678 Estimated population Actual count Source: JIM WOODMENCY, MOUNTAINWEATHER.COM Source: WYOMING GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT 10 Jackson Hole Compass NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER A small group of elk moves along the base of the Gros Ventre mountains on the National Elk Refuge in spring. Thousands of elk make their home on the refuge in the winter, a haven established by residents and sportsmen and women nationwide when development took over some of the best wintering areas in Jackson Hole. RECORD SNOWFALL TEMPERATURE BY MONTH At 9,000 feet, in inches 100 January - 1969

February - 1978 80

March - 1985 60

April - 1967

40 May - 1973

June - 1973 20

July

August

-20 September - 1971

October - 1971 -40

November - 1985 -60 December - 1978 Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Record high Mean high Daily Mean 10 20 30 40 50 60 Mean low Record low Source: JIM WOODMENCY, MOUNTAINWEATHER.COM Source: JIM WOODMENCY, MOUNTAINWEATHER.COM Jackson Hole Compass 11 Demographics Census shift hydrocarbon booms during the 2000s. from 398 to 598 or by 50 percent. During the past decade, Teton County’s The growth in the nonwhite population shows darker median age barely budged, increasing has come primarily among those younger from 33.5 years old in 2000 to 35 in 2010. than 18. Census data for 2010 show nearly After being slightly older than the nation 30 percent of Teton County’s population shade of pale as a whole in 2000 (when the U.S. median younger than 18 are of a nonwhite race: age was 32.9 years old), Teton County is 24 percent Hispanic and 4 percent of an- During the 2000s, Teton County expe- now just slightly younger (the U.S. me- other nonwhite race. rienced its lowest population growth dian age in 2010 was 35.3). rate since the 1940s, growing “only” The Town of Jackson remains the coun- 17 percent. Although historically low, In 2000, 91 percent of residents were white ty’s population center, although its share while 6 percent were Latino. Ten years of residents dropped from 47 percent in Teton County’s growth rate still ex- later, the proportions were quite differ- 2000 to 45 percent in 2010. Throughout the ceeded that of the nation (10 per- ent: 82 percent white, 15 percent Latino rest of the county, 18 percent of residents cent) and the state (14 percent) and and 3 percent other nonwhite ethnicities. live in the South Park area, 17 percent ranked it as Wyoming’s sixth-fastest Between 2000 and 2010, the total num- live on the west bank, 2 percent in Alta, growing county. Of the five ahead of ber of whites living in Teton County in- and the remaining 17 percent are else- creased 5 percent, from 16,668 to 17,505. where, similar to 2000. Teton County, all but Lincoln — a de- Latino residents increased 169 percent, facto bedroom community for Jack- from 1,185 to 3,191. Residents who were For more information, son Hole — experienced significant neither white nor Hispanic increased go to jhcompass.com DECENNIAL POPULATION AND GROWTH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION TetonTeton County, County, Wyo. Wyo. from from 1930 1930 to to 2010 2010 Teton County, Wyo. in 2010 25,000 100 Total population is 21,432

Jackson - 9,577 20,000 80

15,000 60 Moose-Wilson Rd. - 1,821

10,000 40 South Park - 1,731

5,000 20

Wilson - 1,482 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Total population - Y1 Growth from previous census (in percentage) - Y2 Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Hoback - 1,176 RELATIVE POPULATION GROWTH Teton County, Wyo., vs. Wyoming and U.S. from 1930 to 2010 *1930 = 100 Rafter J - 1,075 1,200

1,000 Alta - 394

800

Teton Village - 330 600

400 Kelly - 138

200

Other - 3,708

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2 4 6 8 10 Teton County Wyoming United States Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US CENSUS BUREAU 12 Jackson Hole Compass ETHNICITY OF POPULATION Teton County, Wyo. from 1990-2010 Numbers in percentages 1990 - 11,172 1 1

98

2000 - 18,251 2 6 NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / ANGUS M. THUERMER Grace Potter and the Nocturnals rock the stage at the end of a ski season at the Jackson Hole Mountain Festival in Teton Village drawing thousands of music fans of a particular generation to the free concert. POPULATION CHANGE BY AREA Teton County, Wyo., from 2000 to 2010 10,000

8,000

91 6,000

2010 - 21,294

4,000 3

15 2,000

Jackson Moose - South Wilson Hoback Rafter J Alta Teton Other Wilson Rd. Park Ranch Village 2000 2010 Source: US CENSUS BUREAU MEDIAN AGE OF POPULATION 82 Teton County, Wyo., vs. U.S. from 1960 to 2000 40

White Latino Other 35 Source: US CENSUS BUREAU 30 ETHNICITY OF AGE GROUPS 25 Teton County, Wyo. in 2010 20 UNDER 18 18 AND OVER 15 POP. % OF POP. POP. % OF POP. White 2,396 59 13,234 77 10 Latino 969 24 2,222 13 5 Other 711 17 1,762 10 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Total 4,076 17,218 Teton County United States Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Jackson Hole Compass 13 Agriculture DUDE RANCHES Geography Teton County, Wyo. from 1908 to 2010 Total in operation defined valley *excludes 15 ranches without a known start or end date heritage 25 Human history in Jackson Hole can be traced back to its use as a 20 seasonal hunting ground by Ameri- can Indians. It evolved with a cast that included fur traders, explorers, homesteaders, artists and scientists 15 such as Ferdinand Hayden. Due to the valley’s isolation and long, harsh winters, permanent human settle- ment occurred later in Jackson Hole 10 than in much of the Rocky Moun- tains; the first permanent settlers did not arrive until the mid 1880s. 5 Those early settlers and those who live in Jackson Hole today have some things in common. Jackson wasn’t an easy place to make a living for early settlers; however, the historical record suggests the first 1908 1918 1928 1938 1948 1958 1968 1978 1988 1998 2008 settlers were drawn to the area because Source: JH HISTORICAL SOCIETY of the beauty of the Tetons, a quality lo- cal historians have come to refer to as the OPERATING CATTLE RANCHES concept of the “sublime.” But the valley’s Ranch, number and type of cattle (approximate numbers) beauty was not sufficient to overcome the RANCH/RANCHER 2005: NUMBER/ 2011: NUMBER/ SEASON physical and economic challenges fac- TYPE OF CATTLE TYPE OF CATTLE ing settlers, and people would frequently Jim & Russ Lucas 200 cow-calf pairs 200 cow-calf pairs Year-around leave for economic reasons. Winters were Hansen/Mead 200 cow-calf pairs 250 cow-calf pairs Summer long, the cattle market was cyclical, and even in times of high prices, markets for Pinto Ranch 200 cow-calf pairs 350 steers Summer cattle were distant. 200 steers Young/Feuz 200 steers 70 cow-calf pairs Summer While different economic challenges face residents today, many of the same basics 75 steers Year-around remain: People are still attracted by the Mike Taylor 150 steers valley’s sublime qualities; it remains a Glenn Taylor 50 cow-calf pairs 75 cow-calf pairs Year-around challenging place to live; and the annual Walton Ranch 450 cow-calf pairs 350 cow-calf pairs Year-around turnover of population is still high. Roger Ball 400 cow-calf pairs 300 cow-calf pairs Summer As Jackson Hole’s population and econo- Bob Lucas 50 cow-calf pairs 250 cow-calf pairs Winter my have evolved, so too has its character. 500 steers 350 steers Summer Longtime residents note that one or two Paul Von Gontard 50 cow-calf pairs 40 cow-calf pairs Year-around generations ago there were fewer restric- tions on land use, recreation, behavior Jack Robinson 270 cow-calf pairs Summer and the like. At the same time, these ob- JH Hereford Ranch 300 steers servers note that without such restric- Lockhart 150 cow-calf pairs Year-around tions, Jackson Hole would be a very dif- ferent community today. Finding balance 120 steers Summer between regulations and freedom has Gills 100 cow-calf pairs Year-around long been fodder for debate and politics. 200 steers Summer Snake River Ranch 4,000 steers 3,000 steers Summer Total 1,600 cow-calf pairs 2,055 cow-calf pairs For more information, 5,350 steers 4,095 steers go to jhcompass.com Alta 250 ewe-lamb pairs Summer Ball Sheep Co. 1,400 ewe-lamb pairs Summer Total 1,650 ewe-lamb pairs

Source: JIM MAHER - TETON COUNTY BRAND INSPECTOR 14 Jackson Hole Compass NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / PRICE CHAMBERS Tony Breen and a team of volunteers separate calves from their mothers, herding the young animals into a holding area before they are branded and vaccinated at the Walton Ranch. Ranchers have kept the valley in open space for decades, giving the valley the character that helps make it attractive. DUDE RANCH ROSTER 1928

3 Rivers Ranch DC Bar Ranch JY Ranch Snake River Ranch 36 Ranches Double Diamond Ranch Jackson Lake Lodge Square G Ranch Bar BC Ranch Elbo Ranch Lazy S Ranch Teton Valley Ranch Bear Paw Ranch Elk Ranch Leeks Ranch Trail Ranch Castle Rock Ranch Flagg Ranch Moose Head Ranch Triangle F Ranch Circle H Ranch Flying V Ranch Moran-Teton Lodge Triangle X Ranch Crescent Lazy H Ranch Green River P-Tree Ranch Red Rock Ranch Turpin Meadows Cross and Crescent Ranch Hansen Ranch Rocking H Ranch V Bar V Ranch Danny Ranch Hatchet Ranch S.T.S. Ranch White Grass Ranch

2004

Brooks Lake Lodge and Ranch Goosewing Ranch Mill Iron Ranch Spotted Horse Ranch Crescent H Ranch Gros Ventre River Ranch Moose Head Ranch Trail Creek Ranch Flat Creek Ranch Heart Six Ranch R Lazy S Ranch Triangle X Ranch Game Creek Ranch Lost Creek Ranch Red Rock Ranch Turpin Meadows

2010

Brooks Lake Lodge and Ranch Gros Ventre River Ranch Moose Head Ranch Trail Creek Ranch Flat Creek Ranch Heart Six Ranch R Lazy S Ranch Triangle X Ranch Game Creek Ranch Lost Creek Ranch Red Rock Ranch Turpin Meadows Goosewing Ranch Mill Iron Ranch Spotted Horse Ranch

Source: UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD MAP, JACKSON HOLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Jackson Hole Compass 15 HISTORICAL TIMELINE 1824-40 Mountain Man Rendezvous in region 1860-80 Government exploration of the Yellowstone and Jackson Hole areas 1872 Yellowstone National Park was established 1892 Post of’ce at Marysvale established, this area would late become the Town of Jackson 1906-16 Jackson Lake Dam constructed 1910 S.N. Leek’s photographs attracted national attention to the starving elk in Jackson Hole 1914 Town of Jackson incorporated 1920 The Town of Jackson elected one of the early all-women town councils in the nation 1921 Teton County established as a distinct political entity (carved out of Lincoln County) 1925 Gros Ventre Slide. The resulting debris dammed the Gros Ventre River 1927 Kelly Flood (the Army Corp of Engineers had assured the stablility of the slide-created earthen dam) 1929 Grand Teton National Park formed, including only the mountains and the lakes at their base 1938 John D. Rockefeller suggested that his lands in Jackson Hole be acquired for Grand Teton National Park independent of Congress through the Antiquities Act 1939 Snow King Ske Resort opened 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt created Jackson Hole National Monument by presidential proclamation 1946 The ’rst commercial air service began at the current site of the airport, in what is now Grand Teton National Park 1953-69 Elk antler arches erected on the Town Square 1965 Jackson Hole Ski Resort opened 1971 Conservation easement place on a portion of the Skyline Ranch property with The Nature Conservancy. One of the earliest easements in the valley 1995 Wolves restored in Yellowstone National Park. They soon ranged into Jackson Hole 2005 Center for the Arts opened 2011 Continuous bike path from Jackson to Jenny Lake completed Source: JACKSON HOLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

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WWW.SOUNDPORTFOLIOS.COM 225 North Cache • Jackson, WY MYSTIC CT JACKSON HOLE WY (307) 733-2414 • www.jacksonholehistory.org 16 Jackson Hole Compass

Please proof and call Karen at 739-9541 or return via Fax at 733-2138. Thanks! PDF PROOF? Arts Arts community is the tops Trying to present a data-based overview of Jackson Hole’s arts community is a lit- tle like trying to use statistics to describe marriage: The effort might touch upon the general contours, but will surely miss what’s truly important.

That noted, Jackson Hole is considered to be one of the major arts communities in the na- tion — perhaps the top art community for its size. Depending on who is counting and what they consider to be an art gallery ( how do you classify a restaurant that also displays and sells art?), there are between 25 and 30 galler- ies in Jackson Hole, a number that has held roughly steady over the past decade. There are also at least half a dozen venues present- ing live music, theatrical performances and the like. As with art galleries, this number grows when you include restaurants, coffee shops and other spaces that present perfor- mances on an occasional basis. NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / ASHLEY WILKERSON Artist Nancy Dunlop Cawdrey, represented in Jackson by West Lives On Gallery, paints French dye on silk with rock This emphasis on the arts is reflected in Teton salt during the Quick Draw on Town Square during the 2008 Fall Arts Festival. County’s Creative Vitality Index score of 7.8. The Creative Vitality Index is a tool that uses a variety of income and employment figures ART GALLERIES to assess the relative importance of the arts to In phone book, Chamber of Commerce directory and Jackson Hole Gallery Association directory 35 a community, measuring it against a national average of 1.0. According to the index, the arts 30 are nearly eight times as important to Teton County — both economically and, by exten- 25 sion, in other nonquantifiable means — as they are to either the nation as a whole or the 20 state of Wyoming. In fact, if Teton County is 15 removed from the mix, Wyoming’s three-year average Creative Vitality Index score drops by 10 30 percent, to 0.7. 5 A similar gap exists between Teton County and other Rocky Mountain states. 2004 2005 2010 Phone book Jackson Hole Chamber of Commerce Jackson Hole Gallery Association Assessing the contribution the arts make to a Source: YELLOW PAGES, JACKSON HOLE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, JACKSON HOLE GALLERY ASSOCIATION community’s economy, the group Americans for the Arts found Teton County to be simi- larly robust, outstripping other towns its size CREATIVE VITALITY INDEX in both total and per capita arts expenditures. 2009 8 As with Jackson Hole’s overall nonprofit com- munity, the number of arts-related nonprofits 7 began to grow in the mid-1980s and really took off in the 1990s. Today, the Community Foun- 6 dation of Jackson Hole identifies 18 organiza- tions that focus on teaching or presenting the 5 arts, down from a peak of 21 in the mid-2000s. 4 Financially, local arts nonprofits are dominat- ed by “The Big Three”: the Center for the Arts, 3 the Grand Teton Music Festival and the Na- tional Museum of Wildlife Art, each of which 2 has an operating budget well over $1 million. The Art Association is knocking on the door 1 of the million-dollar threshold. No other arts organization reporting its 2010 revenues ex- Teton, Wyo. Wyoming Utah New Mexico Montana Idaho Colorado Arizona ceeded $130,000. Source: WYOMING ARTS COUNCIL’S “CREATIVE VITALITY REPORT” Jackson Hole Compass 17 NON-PROFIT EXPENDITURES Art non-profits listed with Community Arts grow Foundation of Jackson Hole, 2011 Total - $10.2 million By Katy Niner Numbers in percentages A new current of artistic energy is cours- ing through Jackson, according to Su- 13 16 zanne Morlock, an artist and landscape architect who moved to the valley 20 years ago. There is a new sense of in- spired ambition, she said, “a greater commitment to a broader landscape for the arts.”

And she should know. When Morlock first moved here from southern Cali- fornia, she found herself drawn to the environment and its palette, yet discon- voices, Morlock believes the community nected from the Western iconography itself has made a commitment by build- found in galleries. The arts community ing the Center for the Arts, with its Cen- 71 seemed populated by traditional materi- ter Theater and creative tenants like the Administration als — watercolor and oil paintings and Art Association, and by supporting new Program movements like the Jackson Hole Public bronze sculptures — and all tended to Fundraising Art Initiative. be of animals. Source: COMMUNITY FOUNDATION OF JACKSON HOLE “My primary medium at the time was A year ago, Morlock adopted a part-time landscape, and that was part of the at- schedule at her day job at the Teton PERFORMANCE VENUES traction to the place,” she said. Even the County Library, which has allowed her to FOR PROFIT orientation of landscape architecture re- refocus on her art. The timing has been Bar-T-Five Wild West Show mained traditionally rooted in lawns. perfect, both in her maturation as an artist and Jackson’s receptivity to her Bar J Chuckwagon All that has changed. Now the Jack- ideas. Dornan’s son aesthetic has expanded to include conceptual and contemporary art. This She sees local reverberations of a na- Jackson Hole Playhouse widening was writ large by Morlock’s tional trend toward greater engagement Mangy Moose enormously admired “Sweater,” an in- with the audience and of a global move- stallation in the public ArtSpot site on ment toward quirky forms of expression. Snow King West Broadway featuring a monumen- Pink Garter tal Charlie Brown-inspired pullover that “In the last five years, there is a new NON-PROFIT Morlock knitted from metallic ribbon — appreciation for art on a broader scale,” a remnant of sequin manufacturing. she said. “There was a little bit of ten- Center for the Arts tativeness in the past, in part because Walk Festival Hall “‘Sweater’ has changed my world,” she [artists] couldn’t make a living.” said. “A lot of people who didn’t know who I was before do now.” While she accepts that she will always NON-PROFIT ARTS ORGS. LISTED WITH COMMUNITY have to seek out opportunities to exhibit FOUNDATION OF JACKSON HOLE Morlock delighted in one friend’s re- outside the valley, she now embraces counting of riding the START bus and Jackson as her home base for her life Art Association of Jackson Hole watching as all eyes turn to the piece. and her art. Cathedral Voices Chamber Choir Center for the Arts “I couldn’t be happier to see the kinds Jackson has grown up a lot, she said, of things that have evolved in the last not only in population but culturally as Center of Wonder five years,” Morlock said. “There is well. more diversity in the kinds of mediums Cultural Council of Jackson Hole that are being used, in the kinds of ex- “It’s broadened itself in the last 10 Dancers’ Workshop plorations going on.” years,” she said. “It’s gotten more depth Grand Teton Music Festival and breadth in my experience of it. Before, Morlock often felt alone in her Jackson Community Theater aesthetic, and only found kinship with “I think we are evolving a new personal- Jackson Hole Chorale the “fresh thinking” of young artists ity for this place,” she said. “I am glad who then moved away, hoping to plant to see that environmental concerns are Jackson Hole Community Band themselves in more affordable locales. one of those things. I am glad to see Jackson Hole Coummunity Radio Loneliness drove Morlock, in part, to go that real estate isn’t the only thing we back to school and get her masters of are thinking about. … I think there is Jackson Hole Music Experience fine art. new interest in what makes sense for a Jackson Hole Symphony Orchestra real community.” But now, those fresh eyes are staying, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival as once-transient aspiring artists are rooting themselves and their art in Jack- For more information, Jackson Hole Writers Conference son. go to jhcompass.com National Museum of Wildlife Art Off Square Theatre Company Beyond the core of young, vanguard pARTners 18 Jackson Hole Compass ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NON-PROFIT ARTS INDUSTRY Total spent by non-profits and audiences, 2005 Similar regions with populations of fewer than 50,000 In millions

Bainbridge Island, Wash.

Dover, Del.

Fairfax, Va.

Gunnison County, Colo.

Homer, Ark.

Iron County, Utah

Laguna Beach, Calif.

Pierce County, Wis.

Pittsˆeld, Mass.

Polk County, Wis.

Salina, Kan.

Teton County, Wyo.

Wheeling, W. Va.

Windham County, Vt.

Winter Park, Fla.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Source: ARTS AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY STUDY

Arts in JH One community, all the arts. Arts and culture define the vibrancy of a community. Not only because the quality and diversity of arts and culture are good for the heart and soul, but also because arts and culture are also good for the economy. Here in Teton County, the Non-Profit Arts Community generates nearly 1,400 full-time equivalent jobs and accounts for over $47 million flowing into our local economy from event-related spending like dinners, accommodations and other experiences (and not including the price of admission!) Support the arts, support our community.

This message sponsored by: National Museum of Wildlife Art, Center for the Arts, and Grand Teton Music Festival. Data provided by Americans for the Arts, Arts & Economic Prosperity Study. ArtsinJH.org

Jackson Hole Compass 19 Economy gross income was from wages and sala- of technology, making it easier for people Economy a mix ries. According to the IRS. In 2008, that to live in Jackson Hole yet work anywhere, declined to 35 percent, barely half the na- and the boom in construction were causes. tional level. of residents, Local government receives more than For residents who rely on wages and sala- half of its revenue from sales taxes, and visitors ries, roughly a third of their incomes are through mid-2008 those revenues could from lodging and construction — more generally be counted to grow more than Like the rest of the nation, Jackson than three times the national figure. Lodg- 5 percent annually. However, since reach- Hole’s economy has been hurt by the ing has grown in the past decade, largely ing their high-water mark in September 2008 recession, and has yet to fully due to the opening of several high-end ho- 2008, taxable sales have declined nearly tels. Construction, too, has boomed, but is 20 percent to 2005 levels. recover. Because the county has his- now in free-fall, with jobs and wages declin- torically had a strong economy and is ing more than 25 percent between the first The 2008 recession affected all taxable home to a number of well-to-do peo- half of 2009 and the first half of 2010 (the sectors of the economy, but most stabi- ple, Teton County was able to weath- last period for which data are available). lized by early 2010 and have started to rebound. The dramatic exception is con- er the recession reasonably well. Teton County is one of a handful of coun- struction; its two-year decline continues. ties in the nation with more jobs than Teton County’s per-capita income figures residents, attracting commuting work- The seasonal mix of taxable sales re- have ranked it among the top handful of ers. Most come from Lincoln County and mained consistent through boom and counties in America, at levels 2-3 times Teton County, Idaho. The recession’s toll bust, with June-September accounting higher than the nation and state. That is apparent in its unemployment rate, for roughly half of all sales. The other standing comes from information sup- which hovered in the 2-3 percent range half came equally from winter (Decem- plied by the IRS and Department of Com- before exploding in 2009. ber-March) and the two shoulder seasons merce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis. (October and November; April and May). Compared to the nation, Teton County That the shoulder seasons are as strong This high ranking is due to two decades’ has a disproportionately high percentage as winter seems counter-intuitive, but is growth in the county’s investment in- of self-employed workers, a phenomenon explained by Teton County’s population come. In 1991, half of residents’ adjusted that accelerated in the 2000s. The spread growth and residents’ spending patterns. MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD AND TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME Teton County, Wyo., from 1970 to 2009 FAMILY INCOME Current and constant dollars Teton County, Wyo,. from 1970 to 2009 In billions Current and constant dollars In thousands 3 Household income

1970

2.5 1980

1990

2 2000

2009 1.5 Family income

1970

1 1980

1990 .5

2000

2009

1970 ‘74 ‘78 1982 ‘86 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 20 40 60 80 100 Current Constant Current Constant Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 20 Jackson Hole Compass PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME PER CAPITA PERSONAL INCOME From 1991 to 2008 Teton County, Wyo., from 1970 to 2009 Current $s Current and constant In thousands In thousands 150 1991

‘92 120

‘93 90 ‘94 60 ‘95 30 ‘96

‘97 1970 ‘74 ‘78 1982 ‘86 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 ‘98 Current Constant Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ‘99

2000 PER CAPITA TOTAL INCOME BY TYPE 1991 and 2008, constant dollars, numbers in percentages ‘01 1991 - $17,788 2008 - $36,068 ‘02

‘03 25 ‘04 35 Wages and salary ‘05 50 Interest 51 ‘06 Dividends 10 ‘07 Other

‘08 6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 15 8 Teton, Wyo. Wyoming US Source: IRS Source: IRS

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Jackson Hole Compass 21 INCOME BY SOURCE Total, numbers in percentages Teton, Wyo. - 2001 - $1.30 billion Teton, Wyo. - 2009 - $2.65 billion U.S. - 2009 - $12.17 trillion

3 3 18

34

44 18 52 64 63

Net earned income Investment income Pensions Wage and salary income, numbers in percentages Teton, Wyo. - 2001 - $680 million Teton, Wyo. - 2009 - $889 million U.S. - 2009 - $7.8 trillion 6 13 11 6

6 7 8 4 41 38 2 5 2 46 2 7 10 6 2 1 3 3 17 10 12 13 18

Construction Retail Finance Real Estate Prof. & tech services Arts & recreation Lodging & food services Government Other Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

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photo: Richard Jensen 22 Jackson Hole Compass LABOR FORCE GROWTH IN POPULATION AND JOBS Numbers in percentages From 1970 to 2009 2000 - 14,183 30,000 2

25,000

20,000

98 15,000 2010 - 13,505 8

100,00

5,000

92

Employed Unemployed 1970 ‘74 ‘78 1982 ‘86 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Population Total employment BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS All trails lead to Teton Motors.

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Jackson Hole Compass 23 EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY TOTAL TAXABLE SALES Numbers in percentages From 1990 to 2010 2001 - 23,548 In millions 1,200 13 14

1,000 9 11 800

4 600 20 8 400

15 7 200 2009 - 27,168

13 10 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 8 Current $s Constant $s Source: STATE OF WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE 9 7 TAXABLE SALES BY INDUSTRY From June 2005 to December 2010, 12 month running totals In millions 300 12

23 250 15 4

Construction Retail Finance 200 Real Estate Prof. & tech services Arts & recreation Lodging & food services Government Other 150 Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 100 EMPLOYER TYPE From 1970 to 2008, as percentage 50

1970

June 2005 June 2006 June 2007 June 2008 June 2009 June 2010 Retail Lodging Other Restaurants Construction Autos Groceries 1980 Source: STATE OF WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE TAXABLE SALES BY SEASON From 1990 to 2010, as percentage 1990 100

80

2000 60

40 2008

20

20 40 60 80 100 Salaried - Teton Self-employed - Teton Salaried - US Self-employed - US 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 Source: US DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Summer Winter Shoulder BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Source: STATE OF WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE 24 Jackson Hole Compass Tourism Tourism evolves with the times Early in the 20th century, Jackson Hole’s ranchers realized there was money to be made off of tourists, perhaps more than from raising cattle. Following World War II, as travel became easier and Grand Teton National Park’s current boundaries were established, the economy shifted from agriculture to one in which agricul- ture was important, but whose growth was reliant on tourism.

The founding of the Jackson Hole Ski Area in 1964 accelerated this process. A low-interest economic development loan from the federal government, the sort of loan intended to boost the economies of impoverished rural areas such as Appalachia, launched the transforma- tion. Despite the success of what’s now known as the Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, and NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / MICHAEL G. SEAMANS visitors’ continued interest in Grand Teton A commercial airliner cruises the Teton range on its final approach to the Jackson Hole Airport, bringing a fresh and Yellowstone national parks, tourism has flock of visitors to the valley. become as agriculture once was to Jackson Hole’s economy: important, but no longer the growth engine. JACKSON HOLE MOUNTAIN RESORT SKIER DAYS From 1966 to 2011 Grand Teton and Yellowstone changed their *year indicates season’s end visitor counting methodologies in 1993, and 500,000 “apples-to-apples” comparisons are not pos- sible. Visitor counts can also be confused by the fact that U.S. Highway 89 runs through 400,000 Grand Teton, meaning that anyone driving on that highway – regardless of whether they in- tend to visit the park – is included in the total 300,000 visitation count. Looking just at recreational visitors, Grand Teton’s count in 2010 is about what it was 17 years earlier. Yellowstone, in 200,000 contrast, set post-1993 visitation records in 2007, 2009, and again in 2010. 100,000 Enplanements at the Jackson Hole Airport also have shown strong growth in recent years, although falling recently from 2008 highs. Much of the surge in air traffic can be at- 1966 1970 ‘74 ‘78 1982 ‘86 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 tributed to the JH Air Improvement Resourc- Source: JACKSON HOLE MOUNTAIN RESORT es program, which subsidizes commercial air service into Jackson Hole Airport, America’s JACKSON HOLE AIPORT ENPLANEMENTS only commercial airport in a national park. Annual enplanements on commercial flights from 1993 to 2010 350,000 JHAIR is especially important to the Jackson Hole Mountain Resort. Until the recession, 300,000 skier days grew steadily, which officials at- tribute in part to providing regular flights to 250,000 Jackson Hole from major hubs such as Atlan- ta and Chicago. 200,000

The claim that tourism is no longer the 150,000 economic growth engine of Jackson Hole meets with some resistance. With the pos- 100,000 sible exception of skier days, there is no real correlation between tourism measures and 50,000 Jackson Hole’s most prominent economic in- dicator: taxable sales. Instead, tourism should be seen as a foundation for the lifestyle econo- 1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 my that has transformed Jackson Hole. Source: JACKSON HOLE AIRPORT Jackson Hole Compass 25 GRAND TETON NATIONAL JHMR SKIER DAYS V. WINTER TAXABLE SALES Jackson Hole Mountain Resort skier days v. winter taxable sales (constant $s) from 1993 to 2010 PARK VISITS Relative growth, 1993 = 100 From 1993 to 2010 200 *Annual total recreational visits in millions

1994 150

‘96

100 ‘98

2000 50

‘02

‘04 1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 Winter taxable sales Jackson Hole Mountain Resort skier days Source: JACKSON HOLE MOUNTAIN RESORT, WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE ‘06 GRAND TETON VISITATIONS V. SUMMER TAXABLE SALES Grand Teton visitations v. summer taxable sales (constant $s) from 1993 to 2010 ‘08 Relative growth, 1993 = 100 150

2010 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK 120 YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK VISITS 90 From 1993 to 2010 *Annual total recreational visits in millions 60

1994 30

‘96

1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 Summer taxable sales Grand Teton recreational visits ‘98 Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK, WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AIRPORT ENPLANEMENTS V. TAXABLE SALES 2000 Jackson Hole Airport enplanements v. total taxable sales (constant $s) from 1993 to 2010 Relative growth, 1993 = 100 200 ‘02

150 ‘04

‘06 100

‘08 50

2010 1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 .5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Total taxable sales Jackson Hole Airport enplanements Source: YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Source: JACKSON HOLE AIRPORT, WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE 26 Jackson Hole Compass Real Estate TOTAL HOUSING UNITS The residential Teton County, Wyo. from 1940 to 2010 Occupied and vacant market reflects 15,000 the recession 12,000 During the 1940s, Teton County’s econ- omy began evolving away from agricul- ture and toward tourism and second 9,000 homes.

As a result, between 1940 and 1960, only 20 6,000 percent of all homes constructed in Teton County were for permanent residents. While the founding of the Jackson Hole Ski 3,000 Area in the 1960s fueled the valley’s tourism economy, ski bums moving to the commu- nity shifted the balance of the housing stock 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 back toward primary housing. That trend Source: US CENSUS BUREAU continued until the valley’s economic slump in the 1980s forced many residents to leave. As a result, the 1990 Census found that only RELATIVE HOUSING UNIT GROWTH about two-thirds of the county’s housing was Teton County, Wyo. vs. U.S. from 1940 to 2010 occupied year-round, with the rest primarily *1940 = 100 second homes. 2,000

In the last 20 years, the increasing ease of working remotely has fueled both Jackson Hole’s population surge and its housing boom. 1,500 Along with that boom have come huge jumps in home values and a shift back toward prima- ry-occupancy housing. According to the 2010 Census, 70 percent of Teton County’s homes are primary occupancy, down from 2000’s fig- 1,000 ure of 75 percent. The shift is a reflection, in part, of the number of houses for sale due to the slowing economy. 500 The residential real estate market reflects the effects of the recession. The local real estate market was exceptionally strong for almost two decades, with sales and prices generally rising every year. After peaking in 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2007, things changed dramatically, with 2009 Teton County US proving to be the slowest year in all residen- Source: US CENSUS BUREAU tial real estate sales – single-family homes, condominiums, and residential lots – since 1992 when the HoleReport.com began keep- MEDIAN HOME VALUE ing comprehensive real estate sales records. Teton County, Wyo. from 1940 to 2010 Median value of owner-occupied houses, current and constant dollars Construction has reflected the implosion 800,000 of the once-vibrant real estate and develop- ment market. From a peak of slightly more 700,000 than 600 building permits issued in 2000 by Jackson and Teton County, that number 600,000 dropped to fewer than 200 in 2010. 500,000

The combined value of the permits issued 400,000 also plunged, dropping from nearly $250 mil- lion in 2007 to barely 40 percent of that three 300,000 years later. (Note: in 2005, the Town of Jack- son appears to have changed the way it val- 200,000 ues permits, for the combined permitted val- ue of all permits issued that year fell by more 100,000 than 80 percent, even though the number of building permits fell by only one third. Valu- 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 ations have never recovered to their pre-2005 Current dollars Constant dollars levels, even though permit numbers have.) Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Jackson Hole Compass 27 ALL RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY SALES AND VALUES Teton County, Wyo. from 1992 to 2010 All residential property 1,600 $1,600

1,400 $1,400

1,200 $1,200

1,000 $1,000

Spackmans 800 $800 stake family on Jackson 600 $600 By Thomas Dewell 400 $400

Dave Spackman, the patriarch of The Spackmans real estate team, has worked 200 $200 through two major market downturns in his more than 30 years in Jackson Hole. 1992 ‘94 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 Despite the most recent credit crunch Total Value - Y2 in millions Number of sales - Y1 Mean price - Y2 in thousands that left property values at two-thirds of Source: JACKSONHOLEREPORT.COM, DAVID &DEVON VIEHMAN their 2007-08 values, Spackman, 65, remains bullish on Jackson Hole. The characteristics that make Jackson Hole SINGLE FAMILY HOME SALES AND VALUES desirable — a limited amount of private Teton County, Wyo. from 1992 to 2010 land, nearby national parks, wildlife, a 400 $2,000 convenient airport, a vibrant cultural and philanthropic scene — have not changed. What has changed is buyers’ attitudes.

“It’s no longer, ‘Show me your best house 300 $1,500 and I’ll write a check,’” Spackman said of the sentiment that prevailed in the 1990s and even parts of the 2000s. “It is, ‘Show me your best value.’” 200 $1,000

In 2010, The Spackmans — Dave and sons Jarad, 38, and Brandon, 35, and their assistant, Megan Murtagh — sold 100 $500 the most properties and had the largest dollar volume at Sotheby’s International Realty, Jackson Hole Brokerage. The brokerage advertised itself as participat- ing in twice the number of transactions 1992 ‘94 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 and three times the dollar volume of the Total Value - Y2 in millions nearest competitor in the market place in Number of sales - Y1 Mean price - Y2 in thousands 2010. Source: THE HOLE REPORT

Spackman began working on west-bank CONDOMINIUMS HOME SALES AND VALUES development in the late 1970s and even- Teton County, Wyo. from 1992 to 2010 tually left his home in Utah to live in Teton 600 $1,200 County. Along with shepherding what would become known as The Aspens, 500 $1,000 Spackman helped develop and sell Teton Pines real estate. He saw a shift in the valley when the fax machine, FedEx and 400 $800 the Internet made it possible for busi- ness owners and traders from the coasts 300 $600 could run their interests from here. 200 $400 Technology, however, did not greatly change the kind of people drawn to the 100 $200 valley. “People come here for the quality of life,” Spackman said. “They contrib- ute, they participate. They’re not trying to 1992 ‘94 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 make a statement like in Aspen or Vail.” Total Value - Y2 in millions Number of sales - Y1 Mean price - Y2 in thousands Source: THE HOLE REPORT 28 Jackson Hole Compass Named “best bank” in Jackson.

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Main Branch Town Square Branch Wilson Branch Smith’s Food & Drug Branch Hillside Facility Teton Village Branch Aspens Branch 990 West Broadway 10 East Pearl St. 5590 West Highway 22 1425 South Highway 89 975 West Broadway 3285 West Village Dr. 3525 North Moose 733-8064 733-8067 733-8066 732-7676 734-8111 734-9037 Wilson Rd. 733-8065 Housing and wildlife. One consequence has been Skeptics note that when the comp-plan is Remote, scarce the increasing amount of land being per- approved, the process will have taken at manently protected in conservation ease- least 1,200 days – 22 acres per day for the land challenge ments through the Jackson Hole Land “in play” acres. That it has taken so long Trust and other organizations. As ease- shows the passion residents and visitors ments and development reduce the avail- alike feel for Jackson Hole. residents able land, local government feels pressure Two fundamentals define Teton Coun- to ensure that land use and zoning regu- As Teton County’s population has grown, lations reflect the sometimes conflicting so too have demands for housing. The im- ty’s land use and housing. desires of the community. balance of supply and demand has result- ed in rapidly increasing housing prices in One is that Jackson Hole is a remote, iso- Developed properties and those with con- the valley. This has also affected popula- lated and cold valley in the northern Rock- servation easements account for around tion and housing in neighboring counties, ies. This made it one of the last places in the 80 percent of the valley’s private lands, particularly northern Lincoln County and continental United States to be developed, leaving only 34 percent of private prop- Teton County, Idaho. and remains a defining feature. Indeed, the erty — around 26,00 acres — “in play” for Thorofare valley in the county’s northeast corner is the most remote part of the lower development or conservation. Another consequence has been an ag- 48, around 26 miles from an improved road. gressive effort to create affordable hous- Viewed differently, of Teton County’s 2.7 ing, both by the government — through The second defining fact is that 97 percent million acres, the future of 99 percent of the Teton County Housing Authority — of Teton County’s approximately 2.7 mil- those has already been determined. and nonprofit agencies: the Jackson Hole lion acres is government owned. This limits Community Housing Trust and Habitat development to about 76,560 private acres, This reality underlies the dynamic of the for Humanity of the Greater Teton Area. most of that land in the southern end of the new joint town and county comprehensive Since the Housing Trust built its first valley. land use plan. Now entering its fourth units in 1992, the three organizations have year, the plan-process will determine built more than 750 subsidized housing Many are attracted to Jackson Hole be- broadly how these remaining acres can units, representing approximately 6 per- cause of its scenic vistas, open spaces be developed. cent of the county’s housing stock. HOUSING UNITS, BY AREA TOTAL HOUSING UNITS: OCCUPIED AND VACANT Numbers in percentages From 1940 to 2010 2000 - 10,627 15,000 2 10

12,000 26

9,000

36 6,000 7

4 3,000 4 4 11 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2010 - 12,813 Occupied Vacant 2 11 Source: US CENSUS BUREAU

24 MEAN SALE PRICES OF HOMES From 1992 to 2010 2,000,000

37 1,500,000 7

4 1,000,000 6 1 14

Alta South Park 500,000 Hoback Teton Village Jackson Wilson Moose Wilson Rd. Other 1992 ’94 ’96 ’98 2000 ’02 ’04 ’06 ’08 2010 Rafter J Ranch Single family homes Condominiums Undeveloped land Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: TETON COUNTY MLS 30 Jackson Hole Compass NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / PRICE CHAMBERS Construction crews work to finish the Glory View home development in Melody Ranch. ANNUAL BUILDING PERMITS ISSUED BY TOWN AND COUNTY OCCUPIED HOUSING, BY From 1998 to 2010 AREA 700 2010

Alta

600 Hoback

500 Jackson

Moose Wilson Rd. 400

Rafter J Ranch

300 South Park

Teton Village 200

Wilson

100 Other

Total 1998 2000 ’02 ’04 ’06 ’08 2010 Residential - New Residential - Add./Remodel Commercial 20 40 60 80 100 Source: TETON COUNTY, TOWN OF JACKSON, JACKSON HOLE ALMANAC Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Jackson Hole Compass 31 said of the park. “It’s created very clear In the foot- boundaries for development.” While the boundaries may keep out the steps of con- blight of sprawling subdivisions, they also create challenges such as afford- servation able housing, wildlife protection and By Cara Rank transportation — all focused in a small area, he said. Teton County’s land use planning did not begin with the first comprehensive plan The international draw of the Tetons and in the 1970s. surrounding wild land is a development catalyst. Second- or part-time homeown- It started in the 1920s, when John D. ers who want a piece of the valley and Rockefeller Jr. purchased 35,000 acres drive housing prices beyond the reach of on the valley floor that he later gave to local workers are another factor in the velopment creates, Collins said. the government for what’s now Grand equation. Teton National Park. Bill Collins, who Some of the most successful projects, in served as the county’s planning director “If the people here trying to buy housing terms of community values, predate land from 1993 to 2004, called him “The best were people who earned their incomes regulations, like Rockefeller’s purchase land use planner in Teton County.” here, then the price of housing would of 35,000 acres. reflect the incomes in this community,” Those 35,000 acres, along with about Collins said. “In Skyline Ranch, the houses and lots 2.4 million more federally or state owned are nearly impossible to see from the lands, comprise 97 percent of the county. It just so happens that the lands avail- highway, and the land adjacent to the Only about 3 percent, or 75,000 acres, able for development are situated in the highway is open space,,” Collins said, pointing to one example. Another is remained private ownership and much of southern part of the valley, historically iron Rock condos, across Hwy. 22 from that was stewarded by ranchers whose wildlife winter range. Puzzleface Ranch, which offer multi-fam- lifestyle required hard work in wide open ily, ownership housing in a way that pre- country. “Which is why we have wildlife issues served the scenery. despite being 97 percent open space,” Given that 20,000 of those acres are Collins said. “Most people drive by and never even held in conservation easement, just 2.2 see them,” he said. percent of the county can be built on. That’s where town and county regula- tions come into play. While many criticize For more information, “I’d say it’s largely a Godsend,” Collins them, they help manage the issues de- go to jhcompass.com

DAVID VIEHMAN DEVON VIEHMAN-WHEELDON& DATA DRIVEN MARKET KNOWLEDGE

with TETON SCIENCE SCHOOLS DAVID VIEHMAN DEVON VIEHMAN-WHEELDON

The Hole Report is the most accurate and trusted real estate news source in Teton County. We know the market better than anyone. Summer Programs  School Groups www.jacksonholereport.com Family Getaways  Road Scholar

Register Today – Space is Limited (307) 733-1313 Contact David Viehman or Devon Viehman-Wheeldon www.tetonscience.org (307) 734-9941 • (307) 690-4004 - Cell [email protected] www.jacksonholereport.com www.jacksonholeresorproperties.com People · Nature · Place · Education

32 Jackson Hole Compass

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Teton, Wyo.

Lincoln, Wyo.

2,000 Sublette, Wyo.

Teton, Idaho

Idaho

1,500 Wyoming

United States 2010

Teton, Wyo. 1,000

Lincoln, Wyo.

Sublette, Wyo.

Teton, Idaho 500

Idaho

Wyoming

United States 1991 ‘93 ‘95 ‘97 ‘99 2001 ‘03 ‘05 ‘07 ‘09 10 20 30 40 50 Elementary Middle School High School Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: TETON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT Jackson Hole Compass 35 Principal likes district’s size By Sarah Reese

Sometimes strength isn’t found in num- bers.

The relatively small size of the Teton NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / PRICE CHAMBERS County School District allows for a more Jackson Hole High School's class of 2010 toss their caps after commencement ceremonies at the school's personalized educational experience for gymnasium. students and their families, Jackson Hole High School Principal Scott Crisp said. HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES Unlike in larger districts, educators in From 1994 to 2008, year school starts Teton County’s public school system truly 100 have a kindergarten through 12th grade perspective, he said.

“At the end of the day, you have a deeper 80 connection with parents, with kids,” Crisp said. “And they remember that.” 60 Relationships grow when younger chil- dren have the same teachers as their old- er siblings, and adults who want to be in- volved in the schools have opportunities. 40

“Community members here take a deep interest in education, and they’re able to because I feel our system is very trans- 20 parent and open to the public,” Crisp said.

Enrollment numbers show about 2,400 1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 2008 students are in grades kindergarten Teton County Wyoming through 12 this school year. Source: TETON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT

About 1,250 of those students attend Jackson Hole Middle School, Jackson TOTAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT From 1991 to 2010, year school starts Hole High School and Summit High School, Crisp said. 3,000

“You could know every single kid on that 2,500 list and know every single name,” Crisp said. “You just can’t do that in a larger 2,000 district.”

Relationships grow outside of the 1,500 schools, too. Educators and families might cross paths at the library or store. 1,000

“As a principal, you’re a public servant but you’re also a community member 500 who does things with your family just like anyone else,” he said. “The reason I’m here is because of my profession as an 1991 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 educator.” Teton County School District Journeys School Jackson Hole Community School Source: TETON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT, JOURNEYS SCHOOL, JACKSON HOLE COMMUNITY SCHOOL 36 Jackson Hole Compass PAWS TESTING TETON LITERACY CENTER PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS From 2005 to 2009, year school starts, From 2005 to 2010 percentage proficient or better 800 5TH GRADE MATH READING WRITING TETON COUNTY 2005 72 76 42 700 2006 82 80 55 2007 72 70 38 2008 74 67 40 600 2009 79 77 83 WYOMING 2005 66 66 38 500 2006 77 75 54 2007 70 65 37

2008 72 62 57 400 2009 71 63 79 11TH GRADE MATH READING SCIENCE WRITING TETON COUNTY 300 2005 79 77 84 2006 81 84 90 2007 75 70 52 83 200 2008 71 72 57 80 2009 72 73 46 89 WYOMING 100 2005 58 62 58 2006 64 74 73 2007 64 65 40 73 2008 62 65 45 77 2005 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 2009 63 65 45 82 Youth Adults Source: TETON COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT Source: TETON LITERACY CENTER

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Jackson Hole Compass 37 KIDS’ AND TEENS’ USE OF TETON COUNTY LIBRARY USE OF SERVICES REFERENCE AND ADVISORY From 2005 to 2010 SERVICES 500,000 From 2005 to 2010, Teton County Library Government In thousands

2005 400,000

‘06

300,000

‘07

200,000

‘08

100,000 ‘09

2010 2005 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 Library attendance Item check outs Wireless and public computer sessions 12345678 Source: TETON COUNTY LIBRARY Source: TETON COUNTY LIBRARY

My life is getting better every day thanks to CLIMB. - Hannah, 2010 CLIMB Graduate Since 2005, the Teton Area CLIMB Wyoming program has been RECOGNIZED FOR committed to training and placing low-income single mothers in higher UNPARALLELED SERVICE paying careers that successfully support their families. Through comprehensive training, support and local business partnerships, CLIMB provides motivated employees ready to succeed in careers that reflect the needs of the Teton Area and demonstrates 307.732.0303 successful outcomes to help break the cycle of poverty for future generations. www.dianenodell.com n More than 100 mothers served, impacting the lives of hundreds of children [email protected] n Two years after completing the CLIMB program, nearly 80% of participants are To see how you or your P.O.Box 7769 gainfully employed business can get involved with CLIMB Wyoming, call 240 East Deloney Avenue n Two years after completing the CLIMB 733-4088 or email program, participants monthly wages [email protected] Jackson, Wyoming increased by 150% Licensed in Wyoming, Idaho and Montana www.CLIMBWYOMING.org 38 Jackson Hole Compass Government VOTER REGISTRATION Voters hold key Teton County, Wyo., from 1980-2010 to taxation By party, numbers taken in March unless otherwise noted 100 Wyoming law requires that any govern- mental entity with the power to levy taxes must be governed by a board 80 elected by the voters. Teton County has four county-wide entities: the Teton County government; the Teton County 60 School District; the Teton County Hos- pital Board (St. John’s Medical Cen- ter), and the Teton Conservation Dis- 40 trict. In addition, the Town of Jackson is the only incorporated municipality within the county. 20

Besides the Board of County Commission- ers, the Teton County government also has several other officials elected by the voters: 1980 Aug. 1990 ‘98 Aug. 2000 Aug. ‘02 Feb. ‘04 May ‘06 Nov. ‘08 2010 Assessor, Circuit Court Judge, Clerk, Clerk Republican Democrat Other of District Court, Coroner, County and Pros- Source: TETON COUNTY CLERK ecuting Attorney, District Court Judge, Sheriff, and Treasurer. All county offices VOTER TURNOUT are partisan; the Jackson Town Council and Teton County, Wyo., from 1960-2008 all other countywide boards are non-parti- Votes cast by party for President san offices. 100 Although Teton County does not consider itself to be a terribly partisan community — local voters pride themselves on vot- 80 ing for the person rather than the party — voter registration numbers have long- favored Teton County’s Republicans, with 60 more than 60 percent of voters registering Republican well into the 1980s. By 1990, that figure dipped below 60 percent for the first time, and has stayed in the 50-60 40 percent range for the last 20 years. Today, the figure is at an even 50 percent, which represented an uptick from a 2010 nadir 20 of 42 percent.

Until 1988, no Republican presidential can- didate had ever lost Teton County; since 1992, only George W. Bush, teamed with 1960 ‘64 ‘68 1972 ‘76 1980 ‘84 ‘88 1992 ‘96 2000 ‘04 ‘08 resident Dick Cheney, has won the county Republican Democrat Other for the Republicans (and then only in 2000). Source: TETON COUNTY CLERK As the Republican hold on Teton County has waned, independent voters have filled VOTER REGISTRATION VS. VOTER TURNOUT the void. Only since the 2008 election have Teton County, Wyo., from 2000 to 2008 Teton County’s Democrats been able to 15,000 claim 30 percent of voters on their rolls.

Wyoming has no state income tax so more 12,000 than 50 percent of local government rev- enues come from sales taxes. These have 9,000 dropped sharply since peaking in Septem- ber 2008, as have property values, which 6,000 has harmed property tax revenue as well. The resulting revenue shortfalls have put 3,000 tremendous pressure on the three entities most reliant on sales and property taxes for their revenues: the Town of Jackson, 2000 ‘04 ‘08 Teton County, and the Teton Conserva- Registered Turnout tion District. Source: TETON COUNTY CLERK Jackson Hole Compass 39 NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / PRICE CHAMBERS Wyatt Roscoe’s construction on Highway 89 stacks campaign signs that combine to form a not-so-subtle reminder on primary day, 2010. Wyatt Roscoe’s father Jim Roscoe was an uncontested democrat running for the office of state representative. VOTER REGISTRATION BY LOCATION March 2011, numbers in percentages Total (9,953) Town of Jackson (3,559) South of Town (2,258)

19 17 23

43 50 27 56

31 34

18 17

North of Town 51 West of Town (1,152) (2,984) 57 Republican 25 33 Democrat Other

Source: TETON COUNTY CLERK 40 Jackson Hole Compass Philanthropy NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS In a county of From 1902 to 2010 plenty, much is 200 given away 150 Teton County’s exceptional wealth is matched by exceptional giving, both to charitable causes and political cam- paigns. Although no comprehensive com- 100 parative data have been compiled for more than a decade, during the 1990s Teton County ranked among the nation’s 50 leaders in per capita philanthropic and political giving, and there is no reason to think these patterns have changed.

The Community Foundation of Jackson 1902 1912 1922 1932 1942 1952 1962 1972 1982 1992 2002 Hole compiles an annual directory listing Source: CFJH every nonprofit in the area that chooses to be identified. The 2011 book listed 169 non- ASSETS, GRANTS AND GIFTS profits, a marked increase over the 151 in From 1995 to 2009 the 2010 edition. 100,000,000 Teton County’s first nonprofit was formed in 1902. By 1982, there were 42 in business that still exist today. During the next 10 years, that 80,000,000 number increased by 21; during the following 10 years (between 1992 and 2001), it increased by 48. The past 10 years have seen almost the same amount of growth. While some would 60,000,000 argue that there are simply too many nonprof- its in Jackson Hole, basic economics would instead suggest there are about the right number, for every organization’s continued 40,000,000 existence is testimony to its being able to find a market for its services. 20,000,000 Roughly two-thirds of the organizations listed in the nonprofit directory reported their an- nual budgets. Combined, these organizations had expenditures of $175 million in 2010, a 1995 ‘97 ‘99 2001 ‘03 ‘05 ‘07 ‘09 mean of around $1.6 million, but a median of Assets Grants Gifts (general) Gifts (Old Bill’s) only $168,000. This disparity is because rough- Source: CFJH ly one third of the reporting nonprofits had budgets of less than $100,000. OLD BILL’S FUN RUN DONATIONS Aggregated, more than 90 percent of local From 1997 to 2010 nonprofits’ expenditures go to programs; in 8,000,000 every sub-category, at least 70 percent of ex- penditures do. This suggests that, as a whole, 7,000,000 local nonprofits are reasonably efficient with their expenditures; those that aren’t are likely 6,000,000 weeded out through market forces. 5,000,000 The Community Foundation of Jackson Hole is the community’s largest and most visible 4,000,000 philanthropic organization, and its annual Old Bill’s Fun Run for Charities is its largest 3,000,000 event. Each year, local nonprofits are encour- aged to raise funds through Old Bill’s, know- 2,000,000 ing that some percentage of the first $25,000 they raise will be matched by gifts raised from civic-minded donors. In the past few years, 1,000,000 the annual giving through Old Bill’s has been around $5 million, and the match around $2 1997 ‘99 2001 ‘03 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 million. Numbers declined in 2008, after Teton, Donations Matching funds Idaho, started a similar chapter. Source: CFJH Jackson Hole Compass 41 English, and people with no money for medi- Charity part of cal care have all benefited from philanthropy here, as well.

community Jackson Hole generosity also built the Cen- ter for the Arts, which hosts everything from character world-class ballet and music performances By Jennifer Dorsey to community band rehearsals and kids’ clay-building classes. Charitable giving isn’t just something Jack- son Hole does, it’s part of what Jackson Hole “It was individual giving that made this is, says Clare Payne Symmons, a valley resi- building happen,” Symmons said. dent who has made a career of community philanthropy and nonprofit management. You can find people who donate money to nonprofits in any locale, she says, but not by donations from an anonymous couple “Philanthropy is one of our defining features on a scale where it becomes a facet of the known as “Mr. and Mrs. Old Bill,” the in this community,” she said. “There’s a vi- community’s essence. event has raised $75 million for area non- brant sense of participation in charitable profits over the past 14 years by encour- giving. It’s become part of our lives.” “Philanthropy happens all over, but it’s not aging people of all ages and all means a defining characteristic,” Symmons said. to donate and secure pledges for their Mother Nature contributed many of Jackson “There’s a sense of belonging here that you favorites among the 200 participating Hole’s quintessential characteristics — the don’t find in big cities.” nonprofits. Tetons, the Snake River, the snow — but local largesse has shaped the community as well. She traces the tradition of generosity to Symmons has seen kids empty their piggy- the days before cars and airplanes, when banks for the event, and she once heard a The Grand Teton Music Festival, the Red Top Jackson Hole was a remote Western com- 3-year-old ask, “Mommy, when is Old Bill’s?” Meadows therapeutic center for boys, and munity where people believed in taking care That’s a good indication philanthropy always the Curran-Seeley Foundation for substance- of their neighbors — and did. will be an essential Jackson Hole quality. abuse treatment wouldn’t be here were it not for charitable donations, she notes. Battered The Old Bill’s Fun Run for Charities, which “The children who grow up here have an ex- women, endangered wildlife, homeless cats she implemented in 1997, built on that pectation that that is an integral part of our and dogs, Mexican immigrants trying to learn spirit and gave it a tangible form. Seeded lives,” she said.

NON-PROFIT BY FOCUS AND EXPENDITURES BY FOCUS LOCATION 2011, numbers in percentages 2011, 169 total non-profits, numbers in percentages Animals Arts & Culture Civic $636,000 $10,300,000 $7,200,000 Focus 7 2 7 13 6 13 16 30 15

14 71 87 85 20 15

Animals Civic Conservation & Education Environment Conservation & Education Health & Human Health & Environment $9,200,00 Services Arts & Culture Human Services $9,200,000 $139,000,000 Location 6 4 4 10 6

10 14

81 79 94

93

Administration Program Fundraising Teton, Wyo. Teton, Idaho Elsewhere Source: CFJH Source: CFJH 42 Jackson Hole Compass by price, size & location about the neighborhoods to agents in the area

A NEW VIEW ON REAL ESTATE IN JACKSON HOLE Recreation Fun is a valley cornerstone “rec·re·a·tion” – [rek-ree-ey-shuhn] – noun 1. refreshment by means of some pas- time, agreeable exercise, or the like. 2. a pastime, diversion, exercise, or other resource affording relaxation and enjoyment.

How many kinds of shoes do you need to play every game or participate in every sport people in Jackson Hole like to enjoy? It must be at least two dozen.

Which shows that when it comes to recre- ational opportunities, Teton County suffers an embarrassment of riches. Save for sports requiring an ocean or desert, there are few recreational activities that can’t be done — and aren’t being done — in the Tetons re- gion, usually at a world-class level. NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER Road cyclists on Highway 89, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. The centerpiece of recreation in Teton County is Grand Teton and Yellowstone national parks. Since the NPS changed its GRAND TETON AND YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK VISITS counting methodology in 1993, visitation Teton County, WY from 1993 to 2010 in both parks was relatively stagnant un- *Annual total recreational visits in millions til just a couple of years ago. Since 2008, 4 though, both Grand Teton and Yellow- stone have seen distinct increases in visi- tation (whether the increases are due to 3 the recession has not been proven).

Winter recreation in Teton County focus- 2 es on the Jackson Hole Mountain Resort, which, since its founding in the winter of 1965-66, has enjoyed a steady growth in total skier days (a compounded annual growth 1 rate of 7 percent),

In the Town of Jackson and the county’s 1994 ‘96 ‘98 2000 ‘02 ‘04 ‘06 ‘08 2010 other population centers, the Teton County/ Grand Teton National Park Yellowstone National Park Jackson Park and Recreation Department Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK AND YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK attracts tens of thousands of participants to the dozens of programs it runs in a variety of facilities, both indoors and outdoors. JACKSON HOLE MOUNTAIN RESORT SKIER DAYS From 1966 to 2011 Reflecting the general stagnation of nation- *year indicates season’s end al park visitation, Grand Teton’s overnight 500,000 visits — both in hotels and campgrounds — have not changed much over the past de- 400,000 cade, a reality which may be due to the park being near capacity in both. Similarly, park- based recreational activities — both sum- 300,000 mer and winter — have also shown little change for the past decade. The one clear exception to this rule is concessionaire-run 200,000 snowmobile activity in Grand Teton, which has declined due to park policy rather than changes in demand. 100,000

For more information, go to jhcompass.com 1966 1970 ‘74 ‘78 1982 ‘86 1990 ‘94 ‘98 2002 ‘06 2010 Source: JACKSON HOLE MOUNTAIN RESORT 44 Jackson Hole Compass NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER Chris Benchetler drops into Corbet’s Couloir at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort in 2011 on a day when 29 inches of snow fell in the Rendezvous Study Plot, the most ever recorded during a 24-hour period in the resort’s history. PARKS AND RECREATION DEPARTMENT PARTICIPATION SNOWMOBILE TRIPS From 2004 to 2010 From 2000 to 2010 80,000 In thousands, Grand Teton National Park

2000

70,000 ’01

60,000 ’02

’03 50,000

’04

40,000 ’05

30,000 ’06

’07 20,000

’08

10,000 ’09

2010 2004 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 2010 Rec Center Attendance Program Participants Organized eld use - hours reserved 12 345 Source: TETON COUNTY, JACKSON PARKS & RECREATION DEPARTMENT Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK Jackson Hole Compass 45 GUIDED SCENIC FLOAT TRIPS From 2000 to 2010 Pioneer Ewing In thousands, Grand Teton National Park saw more and more float the 2000 Snake River ’01

By Brandon Zimmerman ’02 When Frank Ewing arrived in the valley in the mid 1950s there was some debate whether ’03 people would want to float the Snake River simply to take in its scenic views. Teton National Park. ’04 Grand Teton National Park superintendent Ewing watched it all evolve. He teamed Frank Oberhansley was one of the first to with Dick Barker in the early 1960s to form Barker-Ewing Float Trips. The com- support the idea. With his endorsement, ’05 Grand Teton Lodge Company experiment- pany still takes thousands down the ed by offering float trips in giant, military- Snake every summer. surplus rafts. “Tourism is the economic basis of the ’06 In those days, the number of tourists valley,” Ewing said. “We’ve certainly be- come accustomed to the [large] number floating the Snake each summer was ’07 “probably measured in the hundreds,” of summer visitors.” Ewing said. Sixty years later, that num- Today more than two dozen companies ber is in the tens of thousands. Scenic ’08 float trips are one of the driving forces in guide fishermen or take tourists on sce- Jackson’s summer economy, along with nic and whitewater trips on the Snake River from Grand Teton National Park, whitewater rafting, fly fishing and myriad ’09 other outdoor activities. past private property at the southern end and into the Bridger-Teton National Forest’s rapid-laced Snake River Canyon. Of the millions of tourists who come 2010 through Teton County each summer, many enjoy a guided float trip down the “I was lucky to be here on the river when Snake River that twists through Grand it was not as busy a place,” Ewing said. 20 40 60 80 100 Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK

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307.733.SAFE(7233) CommunitySafetyNetwork.org Proud participant of MakeADifferencejh.org JACKSON RANGER DISTRICT BACKCOUNTRY OVERNIGHT STAYS From 2000 to 2010, Grand Teton National Park USAGE BY ACTIVITY 35,000 2010 AUTHORIZED ACTUAL 30,000 Backpacking 383 259 25,000 Biking 360 59 Boating 2,799 1,103 20,000

Camping 250 169 15,000 Dog sledding 1,400 1,148 10,000 Environmental 480 329 education 5,000 Fishing 46,197 3,423

Hiking 7,144 5,595 2000 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 2010 Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK Horse/trail rides 17,476 11,775 Hunting 6,323 2,611 OVERNIGHT CAMPING STAYS Jeep tours 1,500 35 From 2000 to 2010, Grand Teton National Park 400,000 Packing with 2,300 654 horses 350,000

Picnicking 250 201 300,000

Rafting 310,635 83,078 250,000 Skiing 2,068 1,863 200,000 Snowmobiling 4,700 3,033 150,000 Snowshoeing 300 128 100,000 Survival skills 400 400 Touring 700 596 50,000 Wagon ride 24,000 20,244 2000 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 2010 Source: BRIDGER-TETON NATIONAL FOREST Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK

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Jackson Hole Compass 47

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48 Jackson Hole Compass Social Services Social services change with population As Teton County’s population has grown and become more diverse, so has its need for an increasing num- ber and diversity of social services.

The original social services “agencies” in Jackson Hole were its churches, starting with St. John’s Episcopal Church in 1908, and followed by the First Baptist Church in 1911. St. John’s provided the commu- nity with its first hospital, the precursor to what is now St. John’s Medical Center; the Teton County Public Health office was started in 1943.

There things sat until the founding of the Jackson Hole Ski Area began to change the community’s character. The Good Sa- maritan Mission opened in 1968; the 1970s saw the establishment of organizations ranging from the Community Counseling NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER Center to the Children’s Learning Center. Dr. Peter Rork examines X-rays before a surgery, his fifth in less than three hours, recently at Teton Orthopedics. Today, the Community Foundation non- profit directory lists 50 organizations that CREDINTIALED DOCTORS AT ST. JOHN’S MEDICAL CENTER place themselves in the health and hu- From 2001 to 2010 man services category, including several 100 which have arisen in the past decade to serve the needs of Jackson Hole’s grow- ing numbers of Latino residents, as well 80 as those who are struggling financially.

60 St. John’s Medical Center is the center for the community’s health care system. Em- ploying more than 400 full-time equivalents 40 and with annual revenue of more than $100 million, St. John’s is the county’s largest year-round employer. With more than 100 20 medical professionals, St. John’s treats thousands of patients every year from Teton County and neighboring areas. 2001 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 Doctors Alternative care providers The economic downturn has placed a Source: SJMC tremendous squeeze on local social ser- vices agencies: In the face of declining OUTPATIENT PROCEDURES AT ST. JOHN’S MEDICAL CENTER revenues, demand for their services has From 2003 to 2010 grown. As a result, agencies have been 60,000 put in the difficult position of not just trying to do more with less, but in some 50,000 cases having to turn away new clients or restrict services to existing ones. 40,000

The available data suggest the result has 30,000 been a gradual decline in the number of clients being served over the past few 20,000 years, roughly proportional to the agen- cies’ decline in revenue. 10,000 For more information, go to jhcompass.com 2003 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 Source: SJMC Jackson Hole Compass 49 CLIENTS SERVED ST. JOHN’S MEDICAL CENTER REVENUE, EXPENSES From 2007 to 2010 From 2002 to 2010 From social service agencies receiving money In millions from local government 120 In thousands

100

2007 80

60

‘08

40

20 ‘09

-20 2010 2002 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 Total revenue Total expenses Net income Source: SJMC 246810 Source: TETON COUNTY GOVERNMENT SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES From 1908 to 2008 SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY 50 BUDGETS From 2008 to 2010 In millions 40

30

2008

20

10

1908 1928 1948 1968 1988 2008 Source: CFJH ‘09 SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCIES From 2008 to 2010 In millions 20

15

2010 10

5 5 10 15 20 Total revenue Total expenses 2008 ’09 2010 Net revenues Total revenue Total expenses Net revenues Source: TETON COUNTY GOVERNMENT Source: TETON COUNTY GOVERNMENT 50 Jackson Hole Compass A drain on munity needs are met. “In this community, we get together and say here’s a plan we are all going to put to- social services gether for this family and then we all move By Kelsey Dayton forward together,” Rae said.

Smokey Rhea, director of the Community She remembers in the 1980s when times Resource Center, considered the hub of the were tough, but there were still jobs. A social service network in Jackson, remem- growing number of people came to Jackson bers during busy times how one business for seasonal work and living costs began decided who to hire. to skyrocket.

Put a mirror under a candidate’s nose, and People offered money to get ahead on if it fogged up, the candidate was hired. housing lists. Three families crammed into a two-bedroom apartment. At a time when businesses couldn’t find “Preventative programs are key,” Rhea enough help, any warm body would do. said. Without them, “we’re going to pay for She felt the initial tremors and suddenly it on the other end.” Rhea, who came to the valley in 1982, says there were lines of people waiting to collect food from the food cupboard or get help things have changed. Back then, those in The need seems to come in waves. Cur- paying their mortgages. First it was the need were the country’s usual assortment rently the Community Resource Center is seasonal employees who didn’t have sav- of the down-and-out, plus others who had ings accounts. working to help people with utility bills. simply run into bad luck. Those who never made a late payment now Now it is the middle class, long-term are finding themselves about to be discon- “But nothing compares to what we are go- community members who never used nected. ing through now,” she said. The economic government programs, who line up out- downturn that started in 2008 rocked so- side the Community Resource Center. “Our biggest concern today is how we are go- cial services. Residents in their 50s who had held ing to keep people’s power on,” Rhea said. jobs since they were 15, found them- Now there are more people looking for work selves without work and also without The Community Resource Center has than there are jobs. health insurance. helped 10 times more people with utilities than they did a year ago and Rhea worries During the toughest of times, the social Even as more people needed help, social it could get worse. services network in Teton County remains services have seen funding cuts, espe- well connected. Each organization works to cially in programs for things like substance “We know its just the tip of the iceberg,” ensure services aren’t duplicated and com- abuse. she said.

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Jackson Hole Compass 51 Transportation Number swings a challenge for transportation As with its water, sewage, hospital, and other infrastructure systems, Teton County’s annual summer visitor surge means the county needs transportation systems that can accommodate four or more times its year-round population.

The Wyoming Department of Transporta- tion has six automated traffic counters in Teton County, and Grand Teton National Park has another three. The busiest road in the county, and one of the busiest in the state, is Highway 22 west of Jackson heading toward Wilson and Teton Village. For each of the past 10 years, an average of at least 15,000 vehicles per day traveled this road, with peak traffic counts several NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER times higher. In 2010, Wyoming Highway START Bus officials have gone without the scenic “skins” on new buses after several complaints were received 22 over Teton Pass had a higher average from riders who said their views were obstructed. daily traffic count than did U.S. Highway 26/89/189/191 north of Hoback Junction. Six years ago, the reverse was true. DAILY AUTO TRAFFIC 2010 Taffic counts in Teton County have stayed 20,000 relatively flat for the past decade. Not so START bus ridership, which nearly tripled between 2000 and 2010. The vast majority of 15,000 this increase has come from local ridership: in 2000, three quarters of those riding START were tourists; today two thirds of START’s rid- 10,000 ers — accounting for more than 500,000 rides per year — are people living within START’s three-county territory of Teton County, Lin- 5,000 coln County, and Teton County, Idaho.

Although traffic has not increased sharply, the number of collisions between vehicles US 26 US 26 US 26 WY 22 WY 22 Towogotee Pass South of Moran South of Jackson Teton Pass West of Jackson and wildlife has. Source: WYDoT One of the primary catalysts in the transfor- mation of Jackson Hole from a remote sea- ANNUAL TRAFFIC COUNTS sonal tourism town to its current prominence From 2001 to 2010 was the introduction of regular year-round 20,000 air service. Every year, nearly 300,000 people board commercial flights at the Jackson Hole Airport — the only commercial airport within 15,000 a national park — making it the busiest com- mercial airport in Wyoming. Private plane ac- tivity has skyrocketed in recent years, driven by Jackson Hole’s wealth and the increasing 10,000 popularity of on-demand private jet services.

The most rapidly growing of all of Teton County’s transportation systems has been 5,000 its pedestrian and bike pathways. At the beginning of 1996, Teton County had fewer than 5 miles of dedicated pathways. By the end of 2011, it will have 57 miles, an 11-fold 2001 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 2010 increase and a compounded annual average US 26 - Towogotee Pass US 26 - South of Jackson WY 22 - West of Jackson growth rate of 17 percent. Source: WYDoT 52 Jackson Hole Compass transportation systems to handle in- Transportation creased transportation demands [and] to do it in a smarter way that continues to Transportation network at a preserve our scenic and natural resourc- es” he said.

crossroads With upgrades planned for Highway 89 to By Cory Hatch Hoback Junction, Highway 22 to Wilson, and Highway 390 to Teton Village, com- About a century ago Jackson Hole remained munity groups are looking to limit the car- one of the last transportation frontiers in nage they cause to wildlife. One option is the West. The routes into the valley were overpasses and underpasses for wildlife. mostly trails. By the late 1880s, residents had cleared a wagon path over Teton Pass, Jackson Hole Airport, another part of one of the first roads into the valley. the transportation picture, serves about Finally, the START Bus system recently ex- 300,000 travelers — about 65 percent of panded to serve Teton Valley, Idaho, and Star Valley, allowing commuters a less ex- The transportation challenge “is probably Wyoming’s air traffic. A recent $30 million pensive and stressful way to travel. one of the reasons we were settled last in upgrade modernized the terminal building. the west,” said Tim Young, transportation guru and director of Friends of Pathways. “The START system is a good system that A growing system of bicycle and pedes- has the capacity to be a great system,” Today, with Jackson Hole’s main routes trian paths is another boon. Jackson is Young said. clogging and residents increasingly one of only 13 communities in the nation wary of wider roads, transportation has to win a “gold” award or better from the Buses from Jackson to Grand Teton and reached another crossroads, Young said. League of American Bicyclists. A path will Yellowstone National parks are under con- soon be completed to connect Jackson sideration and START could become part “We’re challenged to provide smarter with Grand Teton National Park. of a region-wide system.

START BUS RIDERS GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK ANNUAL TRAFFIC From 2000 to 2010 From 1991 to 2010 In thousands In thousands Locals 1,500

2000

‘01

‘02

‘03

‘04 1,200

‘05

‘06

‘07

‘08 900 ‘09

2010 Non-Locals 2000

‘01 600 ‘02

‘03

‘04

‘05 300 ‘06

‘07

‘08

‘09

2010 1991 ‘93 ‘95 ‘97 ‘99 2001 ‘03 ‘05 ‘07 ‘09 100 200 300 400 500 600 JD Rockefeller Parkway Moose Gros Ventre Junction Source: START Source: GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK Jackson Hole Compass 53 GENERAL AVIATION ACTIVITY MILES OF PATHWAYS From 2000 to 2010 From 1996 to 2011 Jackson Hole Airport, Take-offs and landings 60 In thousands Region 2000

‘01 50

‘02

‘03 40

‘04

‘05 30

‘06

‘07 20

‘08

‘09 10

2010

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54 Jackson Hole Compass

Please proof and call Karen at 739-9541 or return via Fax at 733-2138. Thanks! PDF PROOF? Region the effect of Jackson Hole’s growth and coln and Sublette counties, since 1970 the The Teton area rising home prices. That phenomenon housing growth rate has been twice that boosted Lincoln’s growth as well. In of the nation. In Idaho, Teton’s has been contrast, the development of the Jonah four times greater; in Teton, Wyoming it’s spans ranges Field and Pinedale Anticline in Sublette been six times greater. The Teton region is one community County drove rapid growth there during spanning two states and three coun- the 2000s. Teton County, Idaho, is notable for rank- ing second in the nation in percentage ties. Jackson Hole is the economic As a result of these population booms, growth in housing stock during the 2000s. center, with northern Lincoln County both Teton, Idaho and Sublette were Sublette County ranked 20th; Lincoln 208 (Wyo.) and Teton County, Idaho, hav- among the 12 fastest-growing counties in and Teton Wyo. 331 among the nation’s ing evolved into bedroom communi- America during the 2000s. 3,100-plus counties. ties. Until Sublette County’s recent Over the last 40 years, both Teton, Wyo- Despite this boom in supply, the demand ming, and Teton, Idaho, have aged slower natural gas boom, it, too, had been for housing has been far greater, leading and become better educated than the na- evolving into a bedroom community to sharp climbs in median housing costs. for Jackson Hole, a phenomenon tion as a whole. The opposite is true of Lincoln and Sublette counties. On a relative growth basis, the increase which may resume as Sublette’s gas in Teton, Idaho’s median home value has well drilling boom subsides. In 1980, no more than 2 percent of the res- been particularly robust, reflecting that idents of any county in the Teton region community’s push to develop luxury- For much of the 20th century, the re- were Latinos, one-third of the national home subdivisions. gion’s counties experienced relatively rate. Today, Latinos comprise at least 15 slow growth, because their economies percent of the population in both Teton As was the case for the nation, both Teton expanded slowly. Teton, Wyoming’s pop- counties, around the national average. counties saw a decline in their constant- ulation took off in the 1960s in response Sublette has around half the national av- dollar median household income during to the opening of the Jackson Hole Ski erage; Lincoln has one-quarter. the 2000s. In contrast, Sublette County Area. In contrast, Teton, Idaho’s popu- and Wyoming saw big bumps, due to the lation in 1990 was lower than it was 60 Rapid population growth has spurred high-wage jobs associated with hydrocar- years earlier. It did not boom until it felt housing construction in the area. For Lin- bon production. MEDIAN AGE COUNTY POPULATION 2010 From 1930 to 2010 25,000

Teton, Wyo.

20,000 Teton, Idaho

Sublette, Wyo. 15,000

Lincoln, Wyo.

10,000

Idaho

5,000 Wyoming

United States 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

10 20 30 40 50 Teton, Wyo. Lincoln, Wyo. Sublette, Wyo. Teton, Idaho Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Jackson Hole Compass 55 BACHELOR’S DEGREE Adults with bachelor’s degree or higher 1970

Teton, Wyo.

Teton, Idaho

Sublette, Wyo.

Lincoln, Wyo.

Idaho

Wyoming

United States NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER 1990 The Teton Range, right, rising above Jackson Lake is one of many chains of mountains that divide the Teton region, which stretches into Idaho and influences counties in Wyoming near Jackson Hole. Teton, Wyo. HOUSING STOCK From 1970 to 2010 15,000 Teton, Idaho

12,000 Sublette, Wyo.

9,000 Lincoln, Wyo.

6,000

Idaho 3,000

Wyoming 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Teton, Wyo. Lincoln, Wyo. Sublette, Wyo. Teton, Idaho United States Source: US CENSUS BUREAU

2010 PRIMARY HOUSING From 1970 to 2010 Teton, Wyo. Primary occupancy homes as a percentage of total housing 100

Teton, Idaho

80 Sublette, Wyo.

60 Lincoln, Wyo.

40 Idaho

Wyoming 20

United States 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 10 20 30 40 50 Teton, Wyo. Lincoln, Wyo. Sublette, Wyo. Teton, Idaho Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US CENSUS BUREAU 56 Jackson Hole Compass LATINOS MEDIAN HOME VALUE Latinos as a percentage of all residents From 1970 to 2010, constant dollars 1980 350,000

300,000 Teton, Wyo. 250,000

200,000

Teton, Idaho 150,000

100,000

Sublette, Wyo. 50,000

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Teton, Wyo. Lincoln, Wyo. Sublette, Wyo. Teton, Idaho Lincoln, Wyo. Source: US CENSUS BUREAU

2010 MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME From 1970 to 2010, constant dollars

Teton, Wyo. 35,000

30,000

25,000 Teton, Idaho 20,000

15,000 Sublette, Wyo. 10,000

5,000 Lincoln, Wyo. 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

5 10 15 20 Teton, Wyo. Lincoln, Wyo. Sublette, Wyo. Teton, Idaho Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Source: US CENSUS BUREAU

Wireless Phones Mobile Broadband Communications Business Solutions Teton County Library Bringing Broadband to Jackson. Visit SilverStar.com to learn more about the Teton Broadband Project. TCLib.org/learn

Connecting Communities Connecting Lives your donations Smith’s Plaza - 307.774.7000 to the Teton County Library Foundation www.silverstar.com make library programs & enhancements possible.

Jackson Hole Compass 57 Peer Comparison CENSUS POPULATION As a resort and From 1930 to 2010 ski area, valley 60,000

remains unique 50,000 Jackson Hole is not a “ski town” per se: summer is Jackson Hole’s most impor- 40,000 tant tourism season. Yet Teton County has more in common with seven other Rocky Mountain skiing-oriented coun- 30,000 ties than with any county in Wyoming, or most other places in the United 20,000 States. Five of these counties are in Colorado – Eagle (the location of the Vail ski resort); Pitkin (Aspen); Routt 10,000 (Steamboat Springs); San Miguel (Tel- luride); and Summit (Breckenridge). One each is in Idaho and Utah: Blaine 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 (Sun Valley) and Summit (Park City). Teton, Wyo. Eagle, Colo. Pitkin, Colo. Routt, Colo. San Miguel, Colo. Summit, Colo. Blaine, Idaho Summit, Utah Alpine skiing began to boom in the 1960s. Be- Source: US CENSUS BUREAU fore then, none of the “Eight Peers” had more than 6,000 people. More worrisome for these communities was that, due to their stagnat- POPULATION BY ETHNICITY ing agriculture and mining economies, many 2010, in percentages actually saw their population shrinking. After 100 peaking in 1940, the Eight Peers’ collective population dropped by one fifth in 20 years. 80 This while America’s population increased by more than a third. 60 Skiing became the savior for the counties’ de- mographic and economic woes. In the 20 years 40 following 1960, the collective population of the Eight Peers increased two and a half times. 20 Housing stock shot up even more rapidly to accommodate new residents and Americans Teton, Wyo. Pitkin, Colo. San Miguel, Colo. Blaine, Idaho who could afford a vacation home. Despite Eagle, Colo. Routt, Colo. Summit, Colo. Summit, Utah the huge increase, demand was so great that White Hispanic Other increasing housing prices made land once Source: US CENSUS BUREAU prized for agriculture more valuable for hous- ing. With the change, worries rose about com- munity character, affordable housing, and MEDIAN AGE OF POPULATION other issues. From 1970 to 2010 50 Most of the Eight Peers are aging faster than the nation. In 1970, only two of the eight — Routt, Colo. and Blaine, Idaho — had a median 40 age older than the nation as a whole. Today, half do: Pitkin, Routt, and San Miguel in Colo- rado, and Blaine in Idaho. And five of the eight 30 have seen their median age grow more rapidly than the nation’s. This can be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of affordable housing, 20 which discourages the “young hipsters” vibe so celebrated as part of ski-town culture. 10 A more dramatic shift is the rise of each county’s Latino population over the last two decades. In 1990, only 5 percent of the Eight Teton, Wyo. Pitkin, Colo. San Miguel, Colo. Blaine, Idaho Peers’ collective population was Hispanic; to- Eagle, Colo. Routt, Colo. Summit, Colo. Summit, Utah day it’s 17 percent. Increases ranged from 80 1970 2010 percent in Pitkin to 15-fold in Jackson Hole. Source: US CENSUS BUREAU 58 Jackson Hole Compass THE UNMARRIED Unmarried men and women, age 20-44, 2009 Numbers in percents or ratio Peer Comparison Unmarried men Teton, Wyo.

Eagle, Colo.

Pitkin, Colo.

Routt, Colo.

San Miguel, Colo.

Summit, Colo.

Blaine, Idaho

Summit, Utah

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Unmarried women

NEWS&GUIDE PHOTO / BRADLY J. BONER Teton, Wyo. The Aerial Tram at Jackson Hole Mountain Resort is one of the premiere attractions in Jackson Hole. Rebuilt from scratch only a few years ago, it is considered by hard-core skiers to be the best lift service in the country. Eagle, Colo.

Pitkin, Colo. HOUSING STOCK From 1970 to 2010 Routt, Colo. 35,000

San Miguel, Colo. 30,000

25,000 Summit, Colo. 20,000 Blaine, Idaho 15,000

Summit, Utah 10,000

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 5,000 “The Ratio”: men to women 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Teton, Wyo. Eagle, Colo. Pitkin, Colo. Routt, Colo. Teton, Wyo. San Miguel, Colo. Summit, Colo. Blaine, Idaho Summit, Utah Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Eagle, Colo. MEDIAN HOME VALUE From 1980 to 2009 Pitkin, Colo. 800,000

700,000 Routt, Colo. 600,000

500,000 San Miguel, Colo. 400,000

Summit, Colo. 300,000

200,000

Blaine, Idaho 100,000

Summit, Utah 1980 1990 2000 2010 Teton, Wyo. Eagle, Colo. Pitkin, Colo. Routt, Colo. 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 San Miguel, Colo. Summit, Colo. Blaine, Idaho Summit, Utah Source: US CENSUS BUREAU - ACS Source: US CENSUS BUREAU Jackson Hole Compass 59 PRIMARY HOUSING RELATIVE GROWTH OF HOUSING STOCK Primary housing as a percentage of total From 1970 to 2010 housing, 2010 1970 = 100 1,500

Teton, Wyo.

Eagle, Colo. 1,200

Pitkin, Colo.

900

Routt, Colo.

San Miguel, Colo. 600

Summit, Colo.

300

Blaine, Idaho

Summit, Utah 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Teton, Wyo. Eagle, Colo. Pitkin, Colo. Routt, Colo.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 San Miguel, Colo. Summit, Colo. Blaine, Idaho Summit, Utah Source: US CENSUS BUREAU - ACS Source: US CENSUS BUREAU

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“Every Transaction has a Different Contour”

Jackson Hole’s Commercial Specialists: 1PercentTetons.org • Retail • Offi ce (307) 733-8687 • Warehouse • Lodging [email protected] www.contourproperties.com 1% for the Tetons is a project of the Charture Institute

60 Jackson Hole Compass

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Refl ecting the Unique Character of Jackson Hole e-edition Directory Town of Jackson - Town Council Teton County First elected: 2010 150 E. Pearl Sherry Daigle (R) - Clerk Up for re-election: 2012 PO Box 1687 200 South Willow Street Jackson, WY 83001 PO Box 1727 Jim Radda - Circuit Court Judge (307) 733-3932 Jackson, WY 83001 180 South King Street TownOfJackson.com (307) 733-4430 PO Box 2906 [email protected] Jackson, WY 83001 Mark Barron - Mayor First elected: 2000 [email protected] [email protected] Up for re-election: 2014 (307) 733-7713 First elected: 2002 First elected: 2010 Up for re-election: 2012 Donna Baur (R) - Treasurer Up for re-election: 2012 200 South Willow Street Bob Lenz - Councilmember PO Box 3594 St. John’s Medical Center Board of Trustees [email protected] Jackson, WY 83001 625 E. Broadway First elected: 2006 (307) 733-7713 PO Box 428 Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] Jackson, WY 83001 First elected: 2000 (307) 733-3636 Greg Miles - Councilmember Up for re-election: 2014 (307) 739-7501 [email protected] TetonHospital.org First elected: Jim Whalen (R) - Sheriff [email protected] Up for re-election: 180 South King Street PO Box 1885 Michael Tennican - President Mark Obringer - Councilmember Jackson, WY 83001 First elected: 2009 [email protected] [email protected] Up for re-election: 2014 First elected: (307) 733-4052 Up for re-election: First elected: 2009 Barbara Herz - Vice-President Up for re-election: 2014 First elected: 2006 Melissa Turley - Councilmember Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] Dawn Johnson (R) - Assessor First elected: 200 South Willow Street Joe Albright - Secretary/Treasurer Up for re-election: PO Box 3594 First elected: 2009 Jackson, WY 83001 Up for re-election: 2014 Bob McLaurin - Town Manager [email protected] [email protected] (307) 733-4960 Peter Moyer - Member First elected: 2010 First elected: 2008 Teton County - Board of County Commissioners Up for re-election: 2014 Up for re-election: 2012 200 South Willow Street PO Box 3594 Steve Weichman (R) - County and Prosecuting Bruce Hayse, MD - Member Jackson, WY 83001 Attorney First elected: 2008 (307) 733-8094 200 South Willow Street Up for re-election: 2012 TetonWyo.org PO Box 4068 Jackson, WY 83001 George Poore, MD - Member [email protected] First elected: 2010 Ben Ellis (D) (307) 733-4012 Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] First elected: 1998 First elected: 2006 Up for re-election: 2014 Zach Hall - Member Up for re-election: 2014 Appointed: 2011 Kiley Campbell (R) - Coroner Up for re-election: 2012 Hank Phibbs (D) 200 South Willow Street [email protected] PO Box 2099 Pam Maples - CEO First elected: 2006 Jackson, WY 83001 [email protected] Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] (307) 733-7713 Teton County School District - Paul Perry (R) First elected: 2010 Board of Education [email protected] Up for re-election: 2014 260 W. Broadway First elected: 2011 PO Box 568 Up for re-election: 2012 Dee Mahoney (D) - Clerk of District Court Jackson, WY 83001 180 South King Street (307) 733-2704 Andy Schwartz (R) PO Box 4460 tcsd.org [email protected] Jackson, WY 83001 First elected: 2000 [email protected] Robbi Farrow - Chair Up for re-election: 2012 (307) 733-2533 (307) 733-2862 First elected: 2006 [email protected] Paul Voelheim (R) Up for re-election: 2014 First elected: 2008 [email protected] Up for re-election: 2012 First elected: 2008 Tim Day - District Court Judge Up for re-election: 2014 180 South King Street Janine Teske - Vice-Chair PO Box 4460 (307) 739-0951 Steve Foster - Administrator Jackson, WY 83001 [email protected] (307) 732-8402 Appointed 2010 First elected: 2002 [email protected] (307) 733-1461 Up for re-election: 2014 62 Jackson Hole Compass Carlen Carney - Treasurer Up for re-election: 2014 (307) 543-3900 (307) 733-5940 Dan Dockstader (R) - Senator [email protected] (307) 886-1500 Thomas Matza - District Ranger First elected: 2010 [email protected] [email protected] Up for re-election: 2014 First elected: 2008 Up for re-election: 2012 National Elk Refuge Kate Mead - Clerk 675 East Broadway (307) 733-5163 Keith Gingery (R) - Representative P.O. Box 510 [email protected] (307) 734-5624 Jackson, WY 83001 First elected: 2008 [email protected] (307) 733-9212 Up for re-election: 2012 First elected: 2004 www.fws.gov/nationalelkrefuge/ Up for re-election: 2012 [email protected] Cherie Hawley - Member (307) 734-8377 RuthAnn Petroff (R) - Representative Steve Kallin - Refuge Manager [email protected] (307) 734-9446 Appointed: June 2007 First elected: 2008 [email protected] Up for re-election: 2012 First elected: 2010 Lori Iverson - Spokeswoman Up for re-election: 2012 [email protected] Paul D’Amours - Member (307) 733-8698 Jim Roscoe (D) - Representative Yellowstone National Park [email protected] (307) 733-5389 P.O. Box 168 First elected: 2010 [email protected] Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190 Up for re-election: 2014 First elected: 2008 (307) 344-7381 www.nps.gov/yell/ Up for re-election: 2012 Greg Dennis - Member [email protected] (307) 733-7421 Grand Teton National Park [email protected] Dan Wenk - Superintendent First elected: 2008 P.O. Drawer 170 Appointed: 2011 Up for re-election: 2012 Moose, WY 83012 [email protected] (307) 739-3300 Pam Shea - Superintendent www.nps.gov/grte/ Al Nash - Public Affairs Officer (307) 733-2704 (307) 344-2010 [email protected] Administrative Offices [email protected] Teton Park Road Teton Conservation District - Board of Moose, WY 83012 Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Jack- Supervisors son Regional Office 230 E. Broadway, Suite 2A Mary Gibson Scott - Superintendent 420 North Cache PO Box 1070 (307) 739-3411 P.O. Box 67 Jackson, WY 83001 Appointed: 2004 Jackson, WY 83001 (307) 733-2110 (307) 733-2321 TetonConservation.org Jackie Skaggs - Public Affairs Officer gf.state.wy.us/admin/regional/jackson.asp [email protected] (307) 739-3393 [email protected] Tim Fuchs - Regional Supervisor Tom Segerstrom - Chair www.gtnpnews.blogspot.com Appointed: 2008 [email protected] [email protected] First elected: 2006 Bridger-Teton National Forest Up for re-election: 2012 340 North Cache Mark Gocke - Public Information Specialist P.O. Box 1888 [email protected] Sandy Shuptrine - Vice-Chair Jackson, WY 83001 [email protected] (307) 739-5500 Jackson Hole Airport First elected: 2010 www.fs.usda.gov/btnf/ 1250 East Airport Road Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] P.O. Box 159 Jackson, WY 83001 Tom Breen - Member www.jacksonholeairport.com Jacque Buchanan - Forest Supervisor [email protected] (307) 733-7682 (307) 739-5500 First elected: 2000 Up for re-election: 2012 Appointed: 2010 Ray Bishop - Airport Director 307-733-7695 Bob Lucas - Member Mary Cernicek - Public Affairs Officer [email protected] First elected: 1996 (307) 739-5564 Appointed: 2006 Up for re-election: 2014 [email protected] Clay James - President Scott Pierson - Member BTNF Jackson Ranger District Appointed: 2006 [email protected] 25 Rosencrans Lane First elected: 2010 PO Box 1689 Jack Larimer - Vice President Up for re-election: 2014 Jackson, WY 83001 Appointed:2007 (307) 739-5500 Randy Williams - Director Jim Waldrop - Secretary [email protected] Dale Deiter - District Ranger Appointed: 2008 [email protected] State of Wyoming - Legislature Jerry Blann - Treasurer Leland Christensen (R) - Senator BNTF Buffalo Ranger District Appointed: 2009 (307) 353-8204 Highway 26/287 [email protected] P.O. Box 278 Andrea Riniker - Member First elected: 2010 Moran, WY 83013 Appointed: 2010 Jackson Hole Compass 63 Glossary bubblehead, noun: snowmobiler, recognizable recognizable by trail mix snacks and alpaca hat skid, noun: a member of the recreational class by helmet at the lower end of the economic spectrum hardtail, noun: old-school mountain bike with- board meeting, noun: ski rendezvous during out a rear suspension skin, verb: to climb uphill on skis, with skins on business hours the bottom for grip hatch, the, noun: fresh crop of seasonal resi- bucking bronc, noun: Wyoming license plate dents, usually young sledneck, noun: snowmobiler

crater, verb: to hit the deck without benefit of Hollywood box, noun: early aerial tram car S.P.O.R., noun: acronym used by seasoned deceleration from the climbing rope filled with ski photographers and their models snowmobilers for Stupid Person on Rental

croakie, noun: a pastry, or “thing,” also eye- jump the bump, verb: to cross Teton Pass Spud Curtain, noun: the Idaho border wear retainers made out of neoprene Kodachrome courage, noun: foolhardy bravery squeegee, verb: to sideslip a slope, rather than cluck, verb: to perform like a novice with the in front of a camera making turns, on a snowboard grace of a chicken and hold up an excursion maytagged, verb: to be thrashed in a rapid or Texas twist, noun: skiing in the back seat clucker, noun: a novice with the grace of a avalanche chicken holding up an excursion trustafarian, noun: an endowed member of the meat stick, noun: utilitarian rifle recreational class dirt pimp, noun: a real estate agent ninety-day wonder, noun: seasonal park ranger turon, noun: a moronic tourist dropping in, verb: to launch a ski run ignorant of the ways of the valley but well versed in the minutia of regulation vitamin A, noun: Advil, consumed by aging endo, verb: end-over-end flip off a mountain athletes bike powder clause, noun: generally understood condition of employment allowing flexible work wapiti, noun: elk gaper, noun: a tourist in the way schedule West bank, noun: of the Snake River, hoity-toity gelande quaffing, verb: to catch and chug a full pump rubber, to, verb: to row a raft, profession- neighborhood beer stein skidded off the end of a bar ally, either scenic or whitewater. yard sale, noun: a ski crash that distributes gorper, noun: telemark skier or backpacker, range goat, noun: pronghorn antelope equipment widely

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64 Jackson Hole Compass Glossary

Jackson Hole Compass 65 Become a part Breathe in the relief of Jackson Hole.

Immerse yourself in the sanctuary of Jackson Hole. Mercedes Huff, Mindy White and Molly Hawks deliver unparalleled service with an easy going approach. Let them find your perfect Jackson Hole location. MERCEDES HUFF, Associate Broker mercedeshuff.com phone 307.690.9000

66 Jackson Hole Compass