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ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 59(2): 391–401 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Doi: 10.2478/Aemnp-2019-0030 2019 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA 59(2): 391–401 MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE doi: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0030 ISSN 1804-6487 (online) – 0374-1036 (print) www.aemnp.eu RESEARCH PAPER Three new species of the fl ower bug genus Orius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Nepal Tomohide YASUNAGA1), Kazutaka YAMADA2) & Ram Keshari DUWAL3) 1) Research Associate, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Bunka-no-Mori Park, Mukôterayama, Hachiman-chô, Tokushima 770-8070, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] 3) Visiting Researcher, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada Environmental Health, K.W. Neatby: Bldg#20, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6; e-mail: [email protected] Accepted: Abstract. Three new species of the fl ower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Anthocorinae: Oriini) 18th June 2019 are described as new, namely Orius (Orius) ekaii sp. nov., O. (Orius) nigromaritus sp. nov., and Published online: O. (Xylorius) paveli sp. nov., all from Nepal. The plant association and habitat are documented 15th August 2019 for each new species. Habitus images of live individuals and scanning electron micrographs are also provided to aid in proper recognition of their identities. A checklist of Orius species known from South Asia (SAARC nations) is incorporated; Orius indicus (Reuter, 1884) is herein placed in the subgenus Dimorphella Reuter, 1884. Key words. Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Anthocoridae, Dimorphella, Orius, Xylorius, new species, plant association, Nepal, Oriental Region Zoobank: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5E55F4ED-2892-4265-B8CB-89D65BAFCA70 © 2019 The Authors. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Licence. Introduction YASUNAGA 1997, YAMADA et al. 2016, BALLAL et al. 2018), The fl ower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811, including effec- and about twenty species have been documented for the tive predators controlling various agricultural pests, attracts region. In Nepal only three species, O. bifi larius Ghauri, considerable attention from researchers as well as farmers 1972, O. gladiatus Zheng, 1982, and O. niger (Wolff, and agribusiness companies worldwide. Several species, e.g. 1811), were previously known (PÉRICART 1987, THAPA Asian Orius strigicollis (Poppius, 1915), South European O. 2000, BU & ZHENG 2001, BALLAL et al. 2018). However, laevigatus (Fieber, 1860), Nearctic O. insidiosus (Say, 1832), our subsequent efforts in different climate zones of this are commercially mass-produced and progressively used in small but species-rich Himalayan nation have yielded the Integrated Pest Management programs (YASUNAGA 1997, more than 2,000 specimens referring to a dozen of unde- LATTIN 2000, NAGAI & YANO 2000, YASUNAGA et al. 2018; and termined species of the genus. This paper represents part numerous references containing the relevant information are of a recent attempt to document the Oriental fauna of also available through internet search). Due to a fundamental Orius step-by-step, subsequent to YASUNAGA & MIYAMOTO diffi culty in identifi cation of the species, limited numbers (1993) and YAMADA et al. (2016). Our close examination of species (mostly temperate zone inhabitants) are currently on these Nepalese materials has positively confi rmed three utilized as biocontrol agents. Nonetheless, much broader undescribed species that are herein described from Nepal survey in South and Southeast Asia will fi nd out further as new to science. A checklist of South Asian Orius species effective candidates usable for biological control against is also provided. the serious pesticide-resistant pest populations as predicted by YASUNAGA (1997). Several works have partly revealed the Oriental Materials and methods fauna of Orius (e.g., GHAURI 1972, MURALEEDHARAN & The depositories of the materials examined are abbre- ANANTHAKRISHNAN 1974, YASUNAGA & MIYAMOTO 1993, viated in the text as follows: Yasunaga.indd 391 15.8.2019 14:15:53 392 YASUNAGA et al.: Three new Orius species from Nepal (Heteroptera: Miridae) AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; revision on a global basis is required to establish more NMTU Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, defi nitive subgeneric classifi cation (YAMADA et al. 2016). Nepal; Now twenty species are known from South Asia as listed TKPM Tokushima Prefectural Museum, Tokushima, Japan; TYCN Tomohide Yasunaga Collection, Nagasaki, Japan. below; the subgeneric position of fi ve species is yet to be determined. Matrix code labels are attached to the holotype spe- cimens, which uniquely identify each specimen, and Checklist of Orius species known in South Asia are referred to as ‘unique specimen identifi ers’ (USIs). The USI codes comprise an institution and project code Subgenus Dimorphella Reuter, 1884 (AMNH_PBI) and a unique number (beginning with 00). Orius (D.) dravidiensis Muraleedharan, 1977 – India, These data were digitized in the Arthropod Easy Capture Cambodia, Thailand (BALLAL et al. 2018). (formerly the Planetary Biodiversity Inventory) database Orius (D.) indicus (Reuter, 1884) – India (BALLAL et maintained by the American Museum of Natural History, al. 2018). Based on our examination of the lecto- New York, USA (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/) and are type deposited in Zoological Museum, University also searchable on the ‘Heteroptera Species Pages’ (http:// of Helsinki, Finland (by the fi rst author in March research.amnh.org/pbi/heteropteraspeciespage/). Scanning 1998), this species should be placed in the subgenus electron micrographs were taken with a Hitachi Tabletop Dimorphella and is very similar in external appea- Microscope® TM3030; genitalic structures were also ob- rance to O. maxidentex or O. tantillus; either of the served under a Nikon Eclipse-Ci upright microscope with two taxa may be synonymous with O. indicus but a phase-contrast unit. further verifi cation is required. Measurements are given in millimeters in the text; for Orius (D.) latibasis Ghauri, 1972 – India (BALLAL et most SEM images and line drawings of the genitalia, scale al. 2018). bars are shown in micrometers (μm). Terminology follows Orius (D.) maxidentex Ghauri, 1972 – India including mainly YASUNAGA (1997) and YAMADA et al. (2016); some Andaman Nicobar Islands, Iran, Pakistan, Sudan, terms employed for the scent efferent system are from Thailand, United Arab Emirates (BALLAL et al. 2018). KMENT et al. (2012). Identifi cations of the Nepalese plant Orius (D.) tantillus (Motschulsky, 1863) – Known wi- species were based on YOSHIDA (2005) and SIWAKOTI & dely from subtropics and tropics of the Old World, VARMA (1999). Only selected references are cited in the including the Pacifi c Islands (BALLAL et al. 2018). synonymic lists, as several catalogs are now available (e.g., HENRY 1988, CASSIS & GROSS 1995, PÉRICART 1996, Subgenus Heterorius Wagner, 1952 CARPINTERO 2002, AUKEMA et al. 2013, AUKEMA 2018). Orius (H.) bulgaconus Ghauri, 1972 – Iran, Pakistan (GHAHARI et al. 2009). Taxonom y Orius (H.) gladiatus Zheng, 1982 – Nepal, China (PÉ- RICART 1996). Orius Wolff, 1811 Orius (H.) minutus (Linnaeus, 1758) – India, Thailand; Orius Wolff, 1811: iv (original description), type species by monotypy: widely distributed in the Palaearctic Region including Salda nigra Wolff, 1811: iv. North Africa (PÉRICART 1996, YASUNAGA 2001). Orius: PÉRICART (1972): 160 (redescription); HENRY (1988): 18 (ca- talog); YASUNAGA (1993): 12 (diagnosis); CASSIS & GROSS (1995): Subgenus Orius s. str. 33 (catalog); PÉRICART (1996): 122 (catalog); YASUNAGA (1997): 358 (diagnosis, discussion); HERNÁNDEZ & STONEDAHL (1999): 548 Orius (O.) bifi larus Ghauri, 1972 – Nepal, India, Pakis- (diagnosis); BU & ZHENG (2001): 185 (diagnosis); YASUNAGA (2001): tan, China (BALLAL et al. 2018). 287 (diagnosis, note); CARPINTERO (2002): 37 (catalog); AUKEMA Orius (O.) ekaii sp. nov. — Nepal (this paper). et al. (2013): 90 (catalog); YAMADA et al. (2016): 1108 (diagnosis, Orius (O.) laevigatus (Fieber, 1860) – Western Palae- discussion). arctic Region, including Afghanistan and Pakistan Comments. This cosmopolitan genus is currently com- (PÉRICART 1996, AUKEMA 2018). posed of approximately 90 species (cf. PÉRICART 1996, Orius (O.) lindbergi Wagner, 1952 – Canary Islands, YAMADA et al. 2016). Only three representatives are India, Mediterranean Africa, and Europe (PÉRICART known to occur in Nepal. However, our recent effort has 1996, BALLAL et al. 2018). revealed presence of more than ten unknown species; Orius (O.) luridoides Ghauri, 1972 – Pakistan (GHAURI three of them were confi rmed to be undescribed and are 1972). documented below. Orius (O.) niger Wolff, 1811 (ssp. aegyptiacus Wagner, Since WAGNER (1952) the subgeneric classifi cation has 1952) – Nepal, India, Iran Pakistan; widespread in the been employed for Orius; currently six subgenera are pre- Palaearctic Region and North Africa (PÉRICART 1996, sent, namely Dimorphella Reuter, 1884 (= Paraorius Ya- GHAHARI et al. 2009, BALLAL et al. 2018). sunaga & Miyamoto, 1993); Microtrachelia Blöte, 1929; Orius (O.) nigromaritus sp. nov. – Nepal (this paper). Orius s. str.; Heterorius Wagner, 1952; Trichorius Yasuna- Orius (O.) shyamavarna Muraleedharan & Ananthakrish- ga, 1997; and Xylorius Yasunaga, 1997. Nonetheless, this nan, 1974 – India (BALLAL et al. 2018). subgeneric classifi cation system is perfectly applicable Orius (O.) trivandrensis Muraleedharan & Ananthakrish- only to the Palaearctic species. Further comprehensive
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