DOCSLIB.ORG

Kamila Soares Lopes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kamila Soares Lopes KAMILA SOARES LOPES ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL ANTIEPILÉPTICO DE PEPTÍDEOS ISOLADOS DA PEÇONHA DA VESPA SOCIAL Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). BRASÍLIA, 2018 11 UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE KAMILA SOARES LOPES ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL ANTIEPILÉPTICO DE PEPTÍDEOS ISOLADOS DA PEÇONHA DA VESPA SOCIAL Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Ciências da Saúde pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Brasília. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Márcia Renata Mortari BRASÍLIA 2018 KAMILA SOARES LOPES ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL ANTIEPILÉPTICO DE PEPTÍDEOS ISOLADOS DA PEÇONHA DA VESPA SOCIAL Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Tese apresentada como requisito para a obtenção do Título de Doutora em Ciências da Saúde pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade de Brasília. Aprovada em _03_/_07_/_2018_ BANCA EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Márcia Renata Mortari (Presidente) Universidade de Brasília Profa. Dra. Djane Braz Duarte Universidade de Brasília _____________________________ Prof. Dr. Octávio Luiz Franco Universidade Católica de Brasília Prof. Dr. Célio José de Castro Júnior Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte ____________________________________ Profa. Dra. Victória Monge-Fuentes Universidade de Brasília (suplente) Dedico este trabalho... À Deus, fonte da minha determinação. À minha família, os acolhedores dos meus sonhos. AGRADECIMENTOS Sou enormemente grata a Deus, por ter me dado forças nos momentos de maior precisão, guiado meus passos pelos melhores caminhos e abençoado as minhas escolhas. Amém! Serei eternamente grata à excelente educação que meus pais puderam me proporcionar. Duas pessoas que nunca mediram esforços para garantir a mim, e aos meus irmãos, tudo o que nós precisávamos para sermos pessoas bem instruídas, honestas e íntegras. Agradeço ao carinho dos meus irmãos (Kércia, Silvio e Marcelo). Sei o quanto torcem pelo meu sucesso, e que sempre poderei contar com seus ombros amigos para quaisquer momentos de dificuldade. Tenho, e sempre terei, uma gratidão enorme pelo meu querido marido Kelson Costa. Um exemplo de pessoa humilde, amiga e companheira. Passamos por muitos contratempos nesses últimos 4 anos, mas a nossa força de vontade e, acima de tudo, o compromisso que temos um com o outro fizeram com que pudéssemos crescer juntos. A sua compreensão, em inúmeros momentos, foi essencial e acolhedora. Você tem uma parcela considerável nessa vitória. Agradeço o companheirismo de todos os colegas integrante tanto do grupo Neuropep quanto do laboratório de Neurofarmacologia da UnB. Em especial aos alunos de iniciação científica que me ajudaram diretamente na execução dessa pesquisa (Luiz Felipe, Fernanda, Adriana e Gabriela), e às colegas que fizeram e ainda fazem parte do grupo de pesquisa em Epilepsia do laboratório (Juliana, Flávia, Lilian e Maria). Muito obrigada pelos ensinamentos e dedicação no desempenho de importantes ensaios. À Andréia, Jacqueline, Priscilla e Luana. Obrigada pela ajuda e acolhimento em diversos momentos. Sou grata à Profa. Márcia, pelos esforços para que esta pesquisa fosse realizada da melhor forma possível. Garantiu o financiamento necessário e as condições de excelência ao desempenho de ensaios confiáveis. Agradeço também pelas oportunidades dadas e confiança depositada. Muito obrigada também ao técnico de laboratório Adolfo, pelo auxílio essencial com a execução dos procedimentos de cromatografia e MALDI. Assim como também sou grata pela disponibilidade e ajuda fundamental do Prof. Possani e do Fernando Zamudio na obtenção dos dados de degradação automática de Edman. Gostaria de agradecer também aos financiadores dessa pesquisa: CAPES, FAPDF, CNPq e Rede Pró-Centro-Oeste. Por fim, agradeço a todas as dificuldades que enfrentei e barreiras superadas. Tenho certeza que elas me ensinaram a ser uma pessoa mais madura e preparada para o enfrentamento das adversidades desse mundo. “Determinação, coragem e autoconfiança são fatores decisivos para o sucesso. Não importa quais sejam os obstáculos e as dificuldades. Se estamos possuídos de uma inabalável determinação, conseguimos superá-los. Independentemente das circunstâncias, devemos ser sempre humildes, recatados e despidos de orgulho.” Dalai Lama “O homem deve saber que, de nenhum outro lugar, se não do cérebro vem a alegria, o prazer, o riso e a recreação, e a tristeza, melancolia, pessimismo e as lamentações. E então, de uma maneira especial, adquirimos sabedoria e conhecimento, e vemos e ouvimos para saber o que é justo e o que não é, o que é bom e o que é ruim, o que é doce e o que é sem sabor... E pelo mesmo órgão tornamos-nos loucos e delirantes, e sentimos medo e o terror nos assola... Todas essas coisas provêem do cérebro quando este não está sadio... Dessa maneira sou da opinião de que o cérebro exerce um grande poder sobre o homem.” (Hipocrates, Da Doença Sacra, IV A.C) RESUMO Lopes, KS. ESTUDO DO POTENCIAL ANTIEPILÉPTICO DE PEPTÍDEOS ISOLADOS DA PEÇONHA DA VESPA SOCIAL Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Tese de Doutorado – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, 2018. A epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas mais comuns em todo o mundo. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi buscar por moléculas úteis à farmacoterapia de crises epilépticas, a partir da peçonha de vespas sociais. Inicialmente, foi feita a coleta e extração de peçonha das vespas Chartergellus communis. Após obtenção desta, foi feito o fracionamento, sequenciamento e identificação dos peptídeos. Foram identificados 6 peptídeos. Quatro destes peptídeos (denominados communis 07, communis 11, communis 18 e communis 19) foram sintetizados, para posterior utilização em ensaios comportamentais de avaliação do potencial antiepiléptico (indução aguda de crises pelo uso dos compostos químicos pentilenotetrazol – PTZ e pilocarpina - PILO) e análise do perfil neurofarmacológico (avaliação da atividade geral espontânea e de alteração na coordenação motora). Foi verificado que o peptídeo communis 19 (3,0 µg/animal) apresentou resultados mais proeminentes, devido às alterações benéficas em alguns dos parâmetros avaliados tanto no ensaio com PTZ (latência e duração de crises máximas) quanto no ensaio com PILO (latência, duração e proteção contra crise máxima, e redução da mediana das classes de crises). Como os melhores resultados ocorreram no modelo utilizando a PILO, então communis 19 foi avaliado em 3 outras doses (0,3, 1,5 e 6,0 µg/animal), porém a dose de 3,0 µg/animal continuou apresentando melhor desempenho, com DE50 estimada em 1,49 µg/animal. Na avaliação eletroencefalográfica do efeito de communis 19 (3,0 µg/animal) foi verificada uma melhora da latência, quantidade e percentual de proteção contra crises eletroencefalográficas generalizadas no modelo de PILO. Além do mais, communis 19 (3,0 e 30 µg/animal) não causou efeitos adversos na atividade geral espontânea e na coordenação motora dos animais. Em conclusão, foi identificado na peçonha de C. communis um peptídeo potencialmente útil à farmacoterapia da epilepsia. Palavras-chave: peptídeos de vespa; epilepsia; pentilenotetrazol; pilocarpina. ABSTRACT Lopes, KS. STUDY OF ANTIEPILEPTIC POTENTIAL OF PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM SOCIAL WASP VENOM Chartergellus communis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Doctoral thesis – Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Brasília University, 2018. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world. The objective of this research was to search for molecules useful to the pharmacotherapy of Epilepsy, from the venom of the social wasps. Initially, the venom of Chartergellus communis wasps was collected and their venom was extracted. Afterwards, the fractionation, sequencing and identification of peptides was carried out. Six peptides were identified. Four of these peptides (named communis 07, communis 11, communis 18 and communis 19) were synthesized for later use in behavioral evaluation tests to assess antiepileptic potential (induction of acute crisis using the chemical compounds pentylenetetrazole - PTZ and pilocarpine - PILO) and analysis of neuropharmacological profile (evaluation of general spontaneous activity and alteration in motor coordination). Among the peptides tested, it was verified that peptide communis 19 (3.0 μg/animal) presented the most prominent results, since it caused beneficial alterations in some of the parameters evaluated in both the PTZ (latency and duration of maximum crisis) and PILO (latency and duration of, and protection against, maximum crisis, and reduction of the median of the crisis classes). As the best results occurred with induction of epileptic seizures by PILO, then communis 19 was evaluated in 3 other doses (0.3, 1.5 and 6.0 μg/animal), however the dose of 3.0 μg/animal continued to be the best, with estimated ED50 of 1.49 μg/animal. Electroencephalographic evaluation of the effect of communis 19 (3.0 μg/animal) showed a improve in latency, quantity and percentage of protection against generalized electroencephalographic crisis in the PILO model. In addition, communis 19 (3.0 and 30 μg/animal) did not cause adverse effects on general spontaneous activity and motor coordination of animals. Keywords: wasp peptides; epilepsy; pentylenetetrazole; pilocarpine. LISTA DE FIGURAS 1 Representação esquemática padrão dos tipos de crises epilépticas, segundo a classificação da Liga Internacional
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interspecific Variation in Competitor Avoidance and Foraging Success in Sap-Attracted Insects
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270496969 Interspecific variation in competitor avoidance and foraging success in sap- attracted insects Article in European Journal of Entomology · November 2009 DOI: 10.14411/eje.2009.066 CITATIONS READS 0 10 1 author: Jiichiro Yoshimoto University of the Valley of Guatemala 12 PUBLICATIONS 58 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Climate change effects on the biodiversity of the seasonally dry tropical forests of Motagua Valley in Guatemala View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jiichiro Yoshimoto on 28 January 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Eur. J. Entomol. 106: 529–533, 2009 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1484 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Interspecific variation in competitor avoidance and foraging success in sap-attracted insects JIICHIRO YOSHIMOTO* Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Key words. Aggressive interactions, community, foraging strategy, interference competition, resources, tree sap Abstract. Many insect species attracted to fermenting sap often fight for access to this resource, which results in the establishment of interspecific dominance hierarchies. In one such system, the hornet Vespa mandarinia (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) behaviourally dominates during the daytime and several subordinate species avoid aggressive interactions in various ways. In order to elucidate the interspecific variation in competitor-avoidance behaviour and its subsequent effect on foraging success, the behaviour of species of hornets, beetles and butterflies at patches (exudation spots) in Japan was recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of the Secondary Nest of the Yellow-Legged Hornet Found in the Balearic Islands Reveals Its High Adaptability to Mediterranean Isolated Ecosystems
    C. Herrera, A. Marqués, V. Colomar and M.M. Leza Herrera, C.; A. Marqués, V. Colomar and M.M. Leza. Analysis of the secondary nest of the yellow-legged hornet found in the Balearic Islands reveals its high adaptability to Mediterranean isolated ecosystems Analysis of the secondary nest of the yellow-legged hornet found in the Balearic Islands reveals its high adaptability to Mediterranean isolated ecosystems C. Herrera1, A. Marqués1, V. Colomar2 and M.M. Leza1 1Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, CP: 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. <[email protected]>. 2Consortium for the Recovery of the Fauna of the Balearic Islands (COFIB), Crta. Sineu km 15, CP: 07142 Santa Eugènia, Illes Balears, Spain. Abstract The yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina) was detected for the fi rst time in the north of Spain in 2010, but was not detected in Majorca, Balearic Islands until 2015 and only one secondary nest, with 10 combs, was found in the northwest of the island. During 2016, nine more nests were found in the same region. To better understand the biology of V. velutina in isolated conditions, the following objectives were proposed: (I) describe the architecture and structure of nests; (II) analyse the shape of combs and develop a new method to confi rm the circular pattern of breeding; (III) determine the colony size and (IV) determine the succession of workers and sexual individuals throughout the season. For these reasons, nests that were removed were frozen for at least 48 days until analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • New Bioactive Peptides from the Venom Gland of Social Hornet Vespa Velutina
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title New bioactive peptides from the venom gland of a social hornet Vespa velutina. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5775p1w5 Authors Meng, Yi-Chuan Mo, Xiang-Gui He, Tian-Tian et al. Publication Date 2021-08-01 DOI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.002 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Toxicon 199 (2021) 94–100 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon New bioactive peptides from the venom gland of social hornet Vespa velutina Yi-Chuan Meng a,b, Xiang-Gui Mo a,b, Tian-Tian He c, Xin-Xin Wen a,b, James-C Nieh d, Xin-Wang Yang c,*, Ken Tan a,** a CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China c Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China d Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Handling Editor: Dr. Raymond Norton Bacterial resistance to drugs is a global problem requiring the urgent development of new antibiotics. Antimi­ crobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent candidates for the design of novel antibiotics to combat microbial resis­ Keywords: tance. In this research, we identified four new peptides (U-VVTX-Vp1a, U-VVTX-Vp1b, U-VVTX-Vp2a, and U- Vespa velutina VVTX-Vp2b, respectively) from the venom of Vespa velutina, and tested their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and + Venom gland hemolytic effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the Hymenoptera : a Metaanalysis
    Evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons in the hymenoptera : a meta-analysis Kather, R and Martin, SJ http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-015-0631-5 Title Evolution of cuticular hydrocarbons in the hymenoptera : a meta-analysis Authors Kather, R and Martin, SJ Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/36247/ Published Date 2015 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected]. JChemEcol DOI 10.1007/s10886-015-0631-5 Evolution of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the Hymenoptera: a Meta-Analysis Ricarda Kather1 & Stephen J. Martin 2 Received: 12 July 2015 /Revised: 30 August 2015 /Accepted: 1 September 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Chemical communication is the oldest form of social and solitary species, with some of the most complex communication, spreading across all forms of life. In insects, CHC profiles belonging to the Parasitica. This profile com- cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) function as chemical cues for plexity has been maintained in the ants, but some specializa- the recognition of mates, species, and nest-mates in social tion in biosynthetic pathways has led to a simplification of insects. Although much is known about the function of indi- profiles in the aculeate wasps and bees.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Peptidic and Proteinaceous Toxins from Social Hymenoptera Venoms
    Toxicon 148 (2018) 172e196 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Review Diversity of peptidic and proteinaceous toxins from social Hymenoptera venoms Jose Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto a, Amilcar Perez-Riverol a, * Alexis Musacchio Lasa b, Mario Sergio Palma a, a Social Insect Study Center, Biology Department, Biosciences Institute of Rio Claro, Sao~ Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil b Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Division, System Biology Department, Ave. 31, e/158 and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana 10600, Cuba article info abstract Article history: Among venomous animals, Hymenoptera have been suggested as a rich source of natural toxins. Due to Received 27 February 2018 their broad ecological diversity, venom from Hymenoptera insects (bees, wasps and ants) have evolved Received in revised form differentially thus widening the types and biological functions of their components. To date, insect 24 April 2018 toxinology analysis have scarcely uncovered the complex composition of bee, wasp and ant venoms Accepted 25 April 2018 which include low molecular weight compounds, highly abundant peptides and proteins, including Available online 30 April 2018 several allergens. In Hymenoptera, these complex mixtures of toxins represent a potent arsenal of bio- logical weapons that are used for self-defense, to repel intruders and to capture prey. Consequently, Keywords: Hymenoptera Hymenoptera venom components have a broad range of pharmacological targets and have been fi Venomic extensively studied, as promising sources of new drugs and biopesticides. In addition, the identi cation Peptides and molecular characterization of Hymenoptera venom allergens have allowed for the rational design of Proteins component-resolved diagnosis of allergy, finally improving the outcome of venom immunotherapy (VIT).
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance
    Copyedited by: OUP Insect Systematics and Diversity, (2020) 4(3): 2; 1–27 doi: 10.1093/isd/ixaa006 Taxonomy Research The Diversity of Hornets in the Genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), Their Importance and Interceptions in the United States Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/isd/article-abstract/4/3/2/5834678 by USDA/APHIS/NWRC user on 02 June 2020 Allan H. Smith-Pardo,1,4 James M. Carpenter,2 and Lynn Kimsey3 1USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Science and Technology (S&T), Sacramento, CA, 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 3Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Heather Hines Received 20 December, 2019; Editorial decision 11 March, 2020 Abstract Hornets in the genus Vespa (Vespidae, Vespinae) are social wasps. They are primarily predators of other in- sects, and some species are known to attack and feed on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), which makes them a serious threat to apiculture. Hornet species identification can be sometimes difficult because of the amount of intraspecific color and size variation. This has resulted in many species-level synonyms, scattered literature, and taxonomic keys only useful for local populations. We present a key to the world species, information on each species, as well as those intercepted at United States Ports of Entry during the last decade. Images of all the species and some of the subspecies previously described are also included. Resumen Los avispones (Vespidae: Vespinae: Vespa) son avispas sociales, depredadoras de otros insectos y algunas de las especies muestran cierta preferencia por abejas, incluyendo las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera L.) convirtiéndose en una amenaza para la apicultura.
    [Show full text]
  • Vespa Mandarinia Pest Response Guidelines
    United States Department of Agriculture New Pest Response Animal and Plant Health Guidelines Inspection Service Vespa mandarinia Plant Protection and Quarantine Asian giant hornet The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The opinions expressed by individuals in this report do not necessarily represent the policies of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of companies or commercial products does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over others not mentioned. USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of any product mentioned. Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available data and to provide specific information. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate state and/or federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly.
    [Show full text]
  • Diego Oliveira Nolasco Da Silva
    Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” Diego Oliveira Nolasco da Silva Estudos Estruturais por Dinâmica Molecular do Peptídeo Polybia-MPI via Replica Exchange Tese de doutorado para a obtenção do título de doutor em Biofísica Molecular, área de concentração Biofísica Molecular, apresentada ao Departamento de Física do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jorge Chahine São José do Rio Preto 2010 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Silva, Diego Oliveira Nolasco da. Estudos estruturais por dinâmica molecular do peptídeo polybia-mpi via Replica Exchange / Diego Oliveira Nolasco da Silva. - São José do Rio Preto: [s.n.], 2010. 70 f. : il. ; 30 cm. Orientador: Jorge Chahine Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas 1. Biofísica molecular. 2. Proteínas - Estrutura. 3. Dinâmica molecular. 4. Energia livre. I. Chahine, Jorge. II. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas. III. Título. CDU – 577.32 Diego Oliveira Nolasco da Silva Estudos Estruturais por Dinâmica Molecular do Peptídeo Polybia-MPI via Replica Exchange Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de doutor em Biofísica Molecular, área de concentração Biofísica Molecular, apresentada ao Departamento de Física do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus de São José do Rio Preto. Banca Examinadora Prof. Dr. Jorge Chahine Livre Docente UNESP – São José do Rio Preto Orientador Dr. Alexandre Suman de Araujo Doutor USP – Ribeirão Preto Dr. Leandro Cristante de Oliveira Doutor UnB – Brasília Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the Hymenoptera: a Meta-Analysis
    J Chem Ecol (2015) 41:871–883 DOI 10.1007/s10886-015-0631-5 Evolution of Cuticular Hydrocarbons in the Hymenoptera: a Meta-Analysis Ricarda Kather1 & Stephen J. Martin 2 Received: 12 July 2015 /Revised: 30 August 2015 /Accepted: 1 September 2015 /Published online: 26 September 2015 # The Author(s) 2015. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Chemical communication is the oldest form of social and solitary species, with some of the most complex communication, spreading across all forms of life. In insects, CHC profiles belonging to the Parasitica. This profile com- cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) function as chemical cues for plexity has been maintained in the ants, but some specializa- the recognition of mates, species, and nest-mates in social tion in biosynthetic pathways has led to a simplification of insects. Although much is known about the function of indi- profiles in the aculeate wasps and bees. The absence of vidual hydrocarbons and their biosynthesis, a phylogenetic CHC classes in some taxa or species may be due to gene overview is lacking. Here, we review the CHC profiles of silencing or down-regulation rather than gene loss, as demon- 241 species of Hymenoptera, one of the largest and most im- strated by sister species having highly divergent CHC profiles, portant insect orders, which includes the Symphyta (sawflies), and cannot be predicted by their phylogenetic history. The the polyphyletic Parasitica (parasitoid wasps), and the presence of highly complex CHC profiles prior to the Aculeata (wasps, bees, and ants). We investigated whether vast radiation of the social Hymenoptera indicates a these taxonomic groups differed in the presence and absence ‘spring-loaded’ system where the diversity of CHC of CHC classes and whether the sociality of a species (solitar- needed for the complex communication systems of so- ily vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Bait-Trapped Numbers of Hornet by Species (Vespinae) from Summer to Autumn on Okayama University of Science Campus
    Naturalistae 25: 1-6 (Feb. 2021) © 2021by Okayama University of Science, PDF downloadable at http://www1.ous.ac.jp/garden/ Original paper Changes in bait-trapped numbers of hornet by species (Vespinae) from summer to autumn on Okayama University of Science campus Kohta SUZUKI1 & Hiroyuki TAKASAKI1* Abstract: Vespinae, a subfamily of wasps or “hornets”, was studied on the Okayama campus of Okayama University of Science. We investigated the hornet fauna and its change with the samples collected by bait traps from early August to early December 2019. The results showed that all the seven species (Vespa analis, V. crabro, V. ducalis, V. dybowskii, V. mandarinia, V. simillima, and Ves- pula flaviceps) recorded in southern Okayama Prefecture were collected in the study area, and that the period of activity of each species varied. Vespa mandarinia was the most dominant hornet species in the area. Vespa simillima remained active until the end of the study period in December. I. Introduction species using bait traps from the summer to au- tumn in 2019 on the campus. Japan has a rich hornet fauna as Terayama & Suda (2016) list 17 species in three genera II. Materials and Methods (Dolichovespula, Vespa, and Vespula; Vespinae, Vespidae) in total, in their guide to the aculeate In the bait trap used, an H-shaped cut of about 4 wasps in Japan, including the non-native Vespa cm was placed in the center of the upper halves of velutina. In the country, 10-20 fatal cases due to the pair of parallel sides of a 2 liter plastic (poly- wasp stings have been reported every year (http:// ethylene terephthalate) bottle for beverages, and www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~vespa/vespa0562.htm; the cuts on the sides were half folded insides to retrieved 7 September 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Nutritional Value of the Larvae of the Alien Invasive Wasp Vespa Velutina Nigrithorax and Amino Acid Composition of the Larval Saliva
    foods Article Nutritional Value of the Larvae of the Alien Invasive Wasp Vespa velutina nigrithorax and Amino Acid Composition of the Larval Saliva Hyeyoon Jeong 1, Ja Min Kim 1,2, Beomsu Kim 1, Ju-Ock Nam 1,2, Dongyup Hahn 1,2,3,* and Moon Bo Choi 2,4,* 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; [email protected] (H.J.); [email protected] (J.M.K.); [email protected] (B.K.); [email protected] (J.-O.N.) 2 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 3 Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea 4 School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.H.); [email protected] (M.B.C.) Received: 30 May 2020; Accepted: 30 June 2020; Published: 6 July 2020 Abstract: The systematic investigations on the value of social wasps as a food resource are deficient, in spite of the long history of the utilization of social wasps as food and pharmaceutical bioresources. Vespa velutina nigrithorax is an invasive alien wasp species that is currently dominating in East Asia and Europe, bringing huge economic damages. As a control over alien species is made when the valuable utilization of the invasive species as a potential resource are discovered, investigations on the potential of V. v. nigrithorax as a useful bioresource are also in demand. Nutritional and heavy metal analyses of the larvae revealed their balanced and rich nutritional value and safety as a food resource.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hornets of Singapore: Their Identification, Biology and Control
    Vol. 13, No. 4. SINGAPORE MEDICAL JOURNAL 178 August, 1972. THE HORNETS OF SINGAPORE: THEIR IDENTIFICATION, BIOLOGY AND CONTROL By K. L. Chan SYNOPSIS This is the first report on the identification, biology and control of hornets in Singapore. There are 3 hornet species in Singapore - Vespa affinis indosinensis Perez, Vespa tropica leefmansi van der Vecht, and Vespa analis analis Fabricius. Their identification is presented for the first time by a pictorial key and a simplified dichotomous key. The stinging apparatus of hornets is presented in detail for the first time and those aspects of hornet biology related to stinging and association with man are briefly mentioned. These include the relative prevalence and aggressiveness of the 3 species, their distribution, location of nests, types of nest sup- ports, the chemical composition of the sting venom, and the stinging incidence in Singapore in recent years. The technique of hornet control and precautionary measures taken during control are given. INTRODUCTION stings. They are thus able to sting their victims repeatedly without having to lose their stings and Wasp and bee stings occur in Singapore with die. Wasps are thus generally more deadly killers sufficient frequency as to constitute a medical pro- than bees. Because this in blem (Wong, 1970). Records show many cases of of difference the anatomy stinging with several deaths in recent years. Al- of the stings, it is possible to differentiate between the wound by a hornet though 3 recent fatal cases reported in Singapore made sting and that by a were due to systemic toxic reactions (Tan et al, bee sting.
    [Show full text]